12. Post-doctoral proposal

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Project Proposal

Project title DIG INTO SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY : Mapping emergent connectivities across the community

Last name of the applicant VILAR

First name of the applicant

Abstract

Katila

The present proposal exposes the author’s ongoing interest in developing a postdoctoral project in urban sociology, particularly the relevance of social sustainability and, specifically, how this theme is crucial to reimagining and redesigning more smart, resilient cities and sustainable communities.

For that, the author proposes a community engagement participatory tool (PGIS) that enables, in real time, to collect data regarding the living experience of the community. The author has in mind to adopt a comparative study between two case studies, the same as in her PhD and another to be defined, however, she would like that it could be related to migrant and refugee contexts.

The PGIS tool will enhance interpersonal trust and social interaction, providing an opportunity to share common stories about the community's strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities, allowing collaborations and partnerships that can influence their neighbourhood change. It may also allow bridging the gap between top down discourses and actions and local knowledge in ways that make data more authentic and meaningful.

Like this, policymakers and urban planners can provide infrastructures and services that are more valid, and reliable. This is because it integrates community voice and cohesion perception into the heart of urban planning processes a supports locally driven strategies towards equitable community development and neighbourhood’s transformation. The production and co governance of collective assets can serve as sources of social capital and hubs of collective action that increase social cohesion and trust and decrease vulnerability.

Key Words

Social sustainability, Social Innovation, Community engagement, PGIS tools

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1. Excellence

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1.1 Project description

1.1.1 Project Goals

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The present proposal aims to expose the author’s actual interest in developing a postdoctoral project in urban sociology, and particularly the relevance of social sustainability assessment on deprived contexts.

The author purposes a community engagement & public participatory GIS tool / mobile app (PGIS) that enables, in real time, to collect and monitor data regarding social sustainability, viewed as a process for creating sustainable, successful places, that promotes wellbeing by understanding what people need from the places they live and work.

1.1.2 State of Art

In a world of accelerated urbanization and globalization, urban planning and management is an increasingly complex challenge for public administrations. Mitigating climate change, providing affordable housing, enabling green transition, expanding public transportation services, and nurturing social sustainability are just a few examples of the interrelated issues that need careful attention in local governance [1, 2, 3] To advance any spatial interventions, modern day urban planners are required to invest considerably into communication and collaboration with various stakeholder groups to strike a balance among competing interests and values. However, to employ problem solving that truly serves the needs of communities and results in shared ownership of any neighborhood or city’s future, it’s essential to concentrate on listening to residents and offering context specific solutions that reflect local identities. This has brought community engagement into the core of local governance, and particularly in the domain of urban planning.

Last twenty years, the concept of social sustainability envisions to achieve a better quality of life for communities and includes the following characteristics as indicators of condition and implementation [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. El Husseiny et al. describes the key aspects that guide communities focused on social sustainability: social capital (includes participation, shared interests and experiences, social cohesion); environment (includes environmental quality, health, safety and protection of humans and the environment); economy (includes security and economic growth, meeting needs locally, and creating vibrant local economies); political (includes empowerment and governance, democratic participation in decision making); construction of place (place making, sense of place, good design of public space and improvement of the place of space) [9].

Innovation as a concept has also evolved in a similar way in tune with the changes caused by social sustainability, initially related to new ideas that achieve transformations in the market generating greater productivity and is now moving towards the construction of a new concept, "social innovation", referring to “new ideas that work to meet social objectives” [10].

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Phills et al. (2008) define social innovation as: "A novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, efficient, sustainable, or just than existing solutions and for which the value created accrues primarily to society as a whole rather than private individuals" [11]. In this definition, it’s possible to identify key aspects in which the new idea of sustainability focused on the social is present in innovation, with the aim of achieving alternative solutions to the problems of contemporary society.

The rapid digitization of society is providing urban planners and managers, often grouped under the smart city umbrella, unforeseen possibilities for improving their work by using new technology and data driven tools. As the world cities are turning more digital, technological innovation is transforming the flow of information, the fluidity of social action, new forms of bottom up innovation that can expand and exploding old theories of reproduction and resistance because “street knowledge” and “social movements” cannot be neutralised by powerful structural forces in the same old ways [12, 13, 14, 15].

The sphere of public engagement remains no exception. With digital platforms and mobile devices becoming the new trend for facilitating interaction in everyday life and accessing government services, cities are increasingly seeking to redefine their community engagement strategies by piloting and adopting modern tools that help them become more responsive and efficient [16, 17, 18].

Community engagement & public participatory GIS tools (PGIS) are now starting to be actively used, as a participatory approach, to examine social and environmental issues of urban territories and communities, as they act as an instrument of communication and self assessment to locals, administrations, and city’s stakeholders.

Therefore, PGIS, which includes a range of techniques and different applications, are a potential to bring together multiple views of communities and reveal areas of need or opportunity. Solutions as Hupmobile, Streetwyse, GlobalGeoSoft, Citizen Lab, MedUrban and others, are being studied in many institutions of the Global North, as a prospective answer for improving processes in urban planning as well as other domains of government initiatives.

1.1.3 Project novelty regarding the current state of art and market

The author believes that the novelty of her proposal resides mainly on three aspects:

a) As the current actual PGIS’ research and implementation resides mainly in the Global North, she would like to apply the PGIS tool on deprived neighbourhoods, mainly in emergent countries of the Global South.

Social sustainability research on vulnerable communities, their right to the city and spatial justice, now on post-pandemic cities is still insufficient. Therefore, this research relating PGIS, social sustainability and Global South case studies, may contribute to balance studies and practical research between north and south hemisphere contexts and continuing the effort of alerting the urgent need to avoid these inequalities.

b) The author would like to enhance a strong spatial dimension to the PGIS tool, as it may allow to map and compile local information of informal settlements’ morphology and land tenure and other assets, facilitating possible neighborhoods’ future rehabilitations.

c) Relating her PGIS tool methodology to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the five flagship programmes of The UN Habitat Strategic Plan 2020 2023, would enable the use of the application across different sectors such as international, public & private, academic institutions, civil society organizations, statistics, and data, all committed to

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envisioning a world in which timely, accurate, and high quality data is harnessed to help achieve SDGs’ main objectives: end extreme poverty, fight inequality & injustice, fix climate change [2, 3, 17, 18, 19].

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1.2 Project plan 1.2.1 Objectives

The major and sub objectives of this postdoctoral proposal is:

a) Create a community engagement & public participatory GIS tool (PGIS) that maps community assets and serves as civic participation, social sustainability assessment, while enabling co governance capacity and responsibility. As sub objectives:

Create dynamic neighbourhood specific or citywide maps that’ll enable them to preserve their identity and their sense of pride and identity and enable vulnerable populations in rehabilitated neighbourhoods to resist gentrification and displacement.

- Focus on neighbourhood place-making efforts on community strengths.

Create new symbols and counter narratives about the neighbourhood that replaces stories of decay with stories of hope and renewal.

Focus neighbourhood place making efforts on community strengths.

Focus on building community cultural and social capital with vulnerable communities to restore neighbourhood confidence. Identify culturally and community specific ways to brand neighbourhoods and delicate resources towards marketing neighbourhoods as holistic systems.

Create a co governance tool that helps institutions that may influence decision makers and other stakeholders on ways to institutionalise equity and strengthen existing social capital, social cohesion, and social connectedness.

b) Implement this PGIS tool in two case studies to retrieve a comparative study results obtention and contribute both to the state of art, and to society.

1.2.2 Hypotheses

In a digitization era, even in the South Hemisphere, mobile community oriented smartphone apps may enhance citizen awareness, enable participation in local politics and decision making, facilitate the creation and strengthening of ties, support collaborative activity and co-production, encourage place making, reflection, and identity bonds, while it will hold governments accountable for better governance. This, because it integrates community voice and cohesion perception into the heart of urban planning processes and supports local driven strategies towards equitable community development and neighbourhood transformation. It may allow us to bridge the gap between top down discourses and actions and local knowledge in ways that make data more authentic and meaningful. Like this, policy makers and urban planners can provide infrastructures and services that are more valid, and reliable. And the co production and co governance of collective assets can serve as sources of social capital and hubs of collective action that increase social cohesion, trust, and decrease vulnerability.

1.2.3 Methodology

a) Creation of the PGIS tool:

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For the moment, the author has in mind to adopt the same social sustainability’ s framework used in her PhD that analyses different dimensions which support local communities. However, during the postdoctoral program, sub variables and all methodology should be reviewed or / and changed [20, 21].

Amenities & Social Infrastructure: access to amenities, services and other activities of all residents and enable collective community life.

Social and Cultural Life: or the less tangible elements of local life, from belonging, neighbourhoods, and relationships between different groups, to local identity and a sense of place (cognitive social capital)

Voice and Influence: or resident’s ability to participate and take action to shape their surroundings, including groups, forums, governance structures which can engage people in local decision making (structured social capital), and, - Adaptability and community resilience, or the capacity of places to adapt to changing needs and circumstances, including under used space and flexibility, or how to last sustainability.

Possible spaces to grow, or prospect sustainable development and community resilience.

b) Implementation on two case studies:

The first one, the same used in her PhD, Moravia’ s neighbourhood in Medellín | CO. The Integral Improvement Plan of Moravia' s neighbourhood in Medellín (PPMIM 2004 2012) under the Social Urbanism brought the physical, ecological, cultural, and social rehabilitation of the human settlement allowing recovering the historical as well as the cultural memory of the community and, strengthening some aspects of the social capital and its ties, as the bridging and linking networks [20, 21, 22]. Therefore, there is already social sustainability and social capital created, however, we don't know now how the community is maintaining it? PGIS is the proposal and returning to the previous case study would also allow to understand and review her previous assumptions observed and concluded in the PhD.

The author already has territorial knowledge on the environment and the institutional, academic, and local resources to make the project viable.

The second case study would be chosen with the Supervision guide, and in accordance the research centre’ s work and interest. Working on an already known case study could help the author’ s access, as the Research Unit might already have possible contacts, resources, and data.

The author suggests that a part of the differences, the two case could have similar characteristics, such as deprived neighbourhoods and/or migration contexts.

This second case study will allow to make comparative research that attends simultaneously to macro, meso, and micro dimensions of case based research and vertical, horizontal, and transversal comparison, specifically in relation to socio cultural and politics context, space, place, and comparison itself.

1.2.4 Milestones and deliverables

Being at this moment impracticable to establish with accuracy a detailed time plan, since it strongly depends on the time, availability of the persons and institutions that will be involved, a

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task plan planned for 2,5 3 years is instead here presented with the most relevant tasks to achieve the postdoctoral objectives. Some of these tasks will be running in parallel.

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a) To undertake my research and collaborate with the Host University, I bring forward these principal activities (Preparation + PGIS product design): PhD review and set up of an articles database for the current postdoctoral proposal. Review and/or re design a methodology and variables for the creation of a PGIS tool. With an interdisciplinary team at the University and guidance (geography, architecture and urban planners, sociology, political sciences, economy, and IT teams) produce of a community engagement & public participatory GIS tool (PGIS), web based and mobile app.

b) During the case studies field research (Implementation + PGIS product testing) Make the necessary contacts to pursue the investigation on both case studies. In collaboration with the non academic sector, locally, build a team to endure the necessary field investigations, workshops, capacitation to present the project and sensibilize the community (residents, community leaders, and other bridging organisations and their networks) to the use of the PGIS. For this, I hope to have the involvement of public and private institutions, associations, or NGO’s, a part of the higher education sector both in Medellín, and in the other case study (yet to be defined). Events' production and recording in website or blog and a mini documentary of the case studies under analysis. Monitor the PGIS tool to reply to the research questions and quest for the main objectives.

c) Among the general activities conducted in/with the University: - Participate regularly in scientific activities developed at the University, specifically and actively, in training activities of my Research Unit. Participate in an advanced training course, ex. Management of Innovation and Technology Transfer (mintt) basic course and others as advanced ArcGIS that may contribute to her research.

With the Supervisor's guidance, propose, annually or on an annual average, at least one publication per year in an international indexed journal in reference bases or equivalent (ex. 01. current PGIS’ state of art. 02. Project PGIS’ adopted methodology, 03. PGIS implementation and results in comparative case studies …)

Elaborate a final report of activities at the end of each year, and in the end, elaborate 2 booklets: one the case studies research findings (text, maps, schemes) and, the second, a professional commercial brochure about the PGIS tool product & consulting services. Without prejudice of the activities, the author intends to propose and participate at least one seminar on the topic, preferably in articulation with international and local Universities, other researchers & stakeholders (public, private and non profit). It would be interesting to relate her postdoctoral main theme with other investigations and case studies regarding similar issues: ex. migrations, refugees, informal city, urban planning, participation processes, social capital, post pandemic cities, disparities between the global North and South, innovation in these contexts.

1.2.5 Expected results

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Because of the power of the local knowledge and their real time community driven data, the author believes it might have the potential to facilitate increased resilience across a range of contexts, for example:

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a) Increasing social cohesion of the vulnerable populations: by a better care of their neighbourhood, by its image and brand from the perspective of the community, by linking authentic and meaningful community engagement processes into the decision making, as they facilitate two way conversations between cities and communities.

b) More successful planning projects: by reducing risks and the number of appeals by engaging people in the early phases of planning as well as throughout the process.

c) Flexible participation and broader reach: by allowing locals to participate online wherever and whenever suits them best, and by engaging more individuals and people of different age groups and backgrounds compared to traditional methods.

d) Fairness & transparency: by reaching more people through participation and by communicating with them, you’re enabling more democratic decisions and transparency.

e) Insightful analytics: analysing locals’ views and implementing them in final plans and designs.

f) Positive & economic impact: helping support decision making that reflects public interests and values. Make impactful investment decisions with the help of user generated data. Stimulate the neighbourhood’ s local and circular economy.

g) Saving resources: digitalization co governance can help stakeholders be more efficient and create financial and time savings.

h) Better governance of regional and local institutions: as they are incorporating new instances of co governance as participatory urban planning.

1.2.6 Ethical issues

This Postdoctoral research proposal involves research on humans (PGIS data including personal spatial and non spatial information) and research involving non EU countries (ICPC countries). During the PGIS tool creation, the author will need to generate a Privacy Policy that will help her to address the specific ethical issues to follow GDPR Compliance for apps and Privacy By Design requirements While testing the PGIS tool in the two case studies, she will also need to address the following:

a) Privacy: to consider privacy protection, recognising that this is a complex issue w/ both legal and ethical aspects. During the presentation of the PGIS tool to stakeholders, bridging networks and community there should be a plan for clear communication to relevant audiences on how their privacy will be protected in research using personal data.

b) Consent: to produce a brief statement understandable to non experts, explaining the general purposes and motivations for the research, together with an assessment of the potential risks to individuals or groups associated with the data to be used for research.

c) Anonymity and de identification: during the creation of the PGIS tool, IT team should guarantee that a username related to a real profile may be created. Like this, we look for best practices in the creation and operation of safe settings, ensuring that restrictions on accessibility are minimised whilst maintaining data security.

d) Ethical aspects of the commodification of data: for the first phase of the postdoctoral project of creating the PGIS tool, even if the author proceeds with a “provisional utility patent application”, the research doesn’t contemplate, the case studies, the product to be sold for a for profit basis. After the PGIS tool has been tested, when the author proceeds with its transferability and viability, she can guarantee that the information about the nature of transactions will be included in the reported research results.

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e) Data sharing and security: to establish guidelines and mechanisms through which application will access data under control.

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f) Public engagement: lastly, the main idea to have a PGIS tool is to create confidence, trust, transparency and between all actors involved. Therefore, public engagement is essential to ensure public acceptance and trust of such research. Directly communicating information about the on going projects and their rationale to the public, may reduce the risk of public distrust or outrage.

1.2.7 Risks and challenges

While face to face participatory processes cannot be ignored as a way of interacting with residents, it has become commonly accepted that the promotion of local democracy requires actions to diversify the options for engagement. These digital tools can at best complement the existing set of analog participation tools by offering quicker and more robust ways of creating a channel between the various actors. However, we might encounter some risks that may not motivate residents and stakeholders to actively participate in sharing their opinions about planning issues. Among them, the author identifies the following:

a) Visual layout or intuitive use: a poorly designed digital solution might even be harmful to engagement if it frustrates the users and the planners and does not provide the information it should.

b) Right time to engage the community in participating in the PGIS: follow a participatory methodology and timeline.

c) Grassroots capacitation: it’s important to provide good explanation of the PGIS’ use benefits and show the community that it’s the opportunity to voice out their opinions and views while showing that their feedback is considered will increase active participation. For this, presentations and workshops need to be undertaken to present, teach and clarify doubts regarding the PGIS tool. In vulnerable contexts, we will face a deeper challenge as there is some lack of literacy and education among groups and a lack of internet and smart mobile users. This may lead to self stigmatization or non participation, non involvement, or fake information provided. Here, we will need to address the community leaders, and the bridging networks to provide the local information and motivate the community.

d) Poor institutional governance: regional and local institutions may view the PGIS tool as a threat as it could jeopardize their form of “governance operation”, compelling them to be more transparent, responsible, and efficient regarding city planning.

2. Impact

2.1 Expected transferability and viability

As referred in 1.2.7 Ethical issues, initially, the PGIS tool will be tested non profit in two different case studies. This will allow to understand the transferability, the scalability, and its commercial and service viability especially in Global South contexts. Nearly in the end of her postdoctoral program and, respectively, after a Management of Innovation and Technology Transfer (mintt) basic course, the author is qualified to create and register a startup that publicizes and commercializes her PGIS tool, as well as, the start-up consulting services to the different stakeholders. After the post doc, to promote the product & services, the start-up can be present in innovation fairs as these are an opportunity to show

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startups and new solution to the market, while search for investments and sales of solutions, to mentoring and find trained professionals.

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Until the moment nothing has been done to create the start up. When the commercialization of the product and service will be considered, the author needs to discuss with the Host University and, specifically, the Research Center in which ways can this economic viability be profitable or interesting for both: the project’ s author and the University. However, the author believes that there is a strong viability of success in both EU (ex. Mediterranean EU countries and Non EU Countries).

2.2 Impact of your project for the transition towards a sustainable society

This postdoctoral research is related to the 17 SDGs on several of its objectives (01. No Poverty, 08. Decent Work & Economic Growth, 09. Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure, 11. Sustainable Cities & Communities, 16. Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions, 17. Partnerships for the Goals) and, to the 5 flagship programmes of The UN Habitat Strategic Plan 2020 2023 (01. Inclusive, Vibrant Neighbourhoods & Communities, 02. People Centered Smart Cities, 03. RISE UP: Resilient Settlements for the Urban Poor, 04. Inclusive cities: Enhancing the positive impacts of urban migration, 05. SDG Cities) [16, 17, 18, 19]. Social sustainability is a fundamental theme as, it’ s not possible to implement SD without achieving a state of general wellbeing of the individual and entire societies, as well as building and strengthening social capital. Without social cohesion, it will be difficult to attain the SDGs in particular the objective of “leaving no one behind”.

2.3 Dissemination, exploitation, and outreach plan

The author will undertake several activities to disseminate and outreach her postdoctoral program inside and outside the Academy. Kindly review sections 1.2.4 and 2.1.

3. Implementation

3.1 Academic supervision

The chosen Recruiting University to pursue the Postdoctoral Program Research is the DINÂMIA'CET Iscte Centre for Socioeconomic and Territorial Studies The name of the Supervisor needs to be defined accordingly with the DINÂMIA'CET Iscte, however the author has already received the interest by Prof. Dr. Nuno Dias while 2022.03524.CEECIND candidacy late March 2022.

Apart of the Supervision, the ISCTE IUL has other departments and inner research labs that are a strong complement to the author conduct her postdoctoral proposal with success: These are: CIES Iscte | Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, CIS Iscte | Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention, ISTAR Iscte | Information Sciences and Technologies and Architecture Research Centre, CEI Iscte | Center for International Studies and other research departments as Observatories or Laboratories which may help on the postdoctoral research.

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3.2 Collaboration with the non-academic sector

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As commented on sections 1.2.4, 1.2.6, 1.2.7, for the PGIS’ case studies’ implementation, a series of presentations and different workshops among all different stakeholders (regional and local governments, NGO’s, academia, bridging networks and residents) need to be undertaken to present the product use benefits and stimulate its use. Regarding the community engagement, local non profit institutions, associations, and community leaders will help to the loco PGIS implementation and use.

a) For Moravia’ s neighbourhood | Medellín (CO): as this one was the author PhD case study, she already has different stakeholders’ resources (regional & local institutions, academic institutions, local non profit institutions, bridging networks and community leaders) to re establish contact and identified possible new ones.

b) As the second case study still needs to be identified with the Research Centre and the Supervisor’s guidance, the non academic sector resources will be linked accordantly.

3.3 Background intellectual property

As commented above, as soon as the PGIS tool is being created by the IT, a “provisional utility patent application” process will be initialized to ensure no one can file the same idea before register the finished PGIS tool. This process requires detailed description of the product and may be accompanied by drawings, flow charts, and details illustrating how the app works. While preparing the transferability and viability, the start up will also need to be registered as a new business that commercialises the PGIS tool, but also purposes consultancy services to different stakeholders for a wise decision making in terms of planning for social investment. These services could be community engagement & public participatory processes, organizational management; urban design thinking, monitoring & evaluation; organizational management; training & capacitation, and others.

4. References

1. UNISDR (2014): Progress and challenges in disaster risk reduction: a contribution towards the development of policy indicators for the post 2015 framework on disaster risk reduction. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva.

2. UN-HABITAT (2009): Planning sustainable cities United Nations, Nairobi.

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Signature of the applicant

Thursday, 10 November 2022

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DEVELOPMENT NEEDS & SKILLS REQUIRED FOR FUTURE ENTREPRENEURIAL VISION:

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