Re-Thinking & Re-Imaging Ideology of Markets | Architecture Thesis 2021 by Vinit Modi

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Re-Thinking & Re-Imagining Ideology of Markets

Vinit Modi 16SA174

Re-Thinking & Re-Imagining Ideology of Markets

By Vinit Modi

Thesis Submitted to Arvindbhai Patel Institute of Environmental Design (APIED) D.C. Patel School of Architecture,

July 2021

Approval Certificate This is to certify that the Thesis title Re-Thinking & Re-Imagining Ideology of Markets Has been submitted by Vinit Hirenkumar Modi 16SA174 Towards partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of Bachelor of Architecture Degree at D.C. Patel School of Architecture, APIED Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Approved by,

Prof. Rahul Patel

Prof. Atish Patel

Thesis Chair

Thesis Guide

Examiner

Undertaking I, Vinit Modi The author of the thesis titled Re-Thinking & Re-Imagining Ideology of Markets Hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine carried out towards Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Architecture Degree at D.C. Patel School of Architecture, APIED Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India. This work has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any Degree. All views and opinions expressed in this dissertation report are my mine, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.

Vinit Modi 16SA174 July 2021

Acknowledgment As the stage of Thesis comes to an end and so comes of the academic times and all the five years of intense hard-work, sleepless nights, Tea breaks, Canteen gossips, Last minute submissions, student life at Vidhyanagar, and all other things, I am grateful for all the people who were a part of this during my five years of journey in Architecture.

Journey of Thesis would have been incomplete without the support of my family. I would like to thank them all for always believing in me and always providing help where and when needed. I am deeply thankful to my thesis guide Prof. Atish Patel who constantly guided me through various stages of my project and for all the intense & insightful discussions we had throughout the thesis semester. I would like to thank Prof. Bhasker Bhatt for providing his insightful thoughts about the topic and for provision of some reference material needed for my thesis.

All this journey of five years of Architecture would have been incomplete without my friends, who guided me, critiqued me, with whom I worked, traveled, stayed, and enjoyed all these years and the memories I cherished in Vallabh Vidhyanagar with them. I am deeply grateful to Mugdha, Tirth, Vishal, Yash, Dhwani, Chirag, Rohan, Kunj, Nikita and all other who helped, supported and stayed alongside during this 5 years long academic journey.

Fig 0.1 : Sketchy illustration of Market Source : Author

Preface We all have been to such places with enormous dynamic activities , huge crowd of people hustling all around, surrounded by chaos of all sorts of noises all together wrapped within this beautiful environment of colors and smells called “ Market “. The terminology ‘Market’ varies from place to place as well as from people to people, some say it Bazaar, while some call it Mandi, and so on. Literally, we all went this places and had that memory embedded with ourselves. Every city has these markets which throws the essence of the city. If we look in a way then these markets are a crucial part of city which somehow to people living within are neglecting or ignoring. I live in central areas of Surat city where the old essence of Surat can be seen. Their is good density of markets in this area, Some markets here are from the times of mughal era also and still working on. Whenever, i visited these markets or any sort of market in Surat i grieved about the bad shape they are in today. You could see the vendors selling vegetables outside of public toilets, on roads around dirty mud puddles, vegetables, fruits being dirty by the dust coming from vehicles on road and even people selling that and much more. I remember the chaos and noises coming from the road adjacent to the these market which is very disturbing. I started asking myself .. “ Why can’t we upgrade these Markets ? “ “ Why can’t we change how we think for these Markets ? “ It give me a thought to address this issue which is seen not only in Surat but majorly throughout the country. Thesis is an opportunity which make us look on these issues which we are living with and also get a chance to think about it providing a solution. I get an opportunity to provide an solution from a problem within my city by re-thinking & re-imaging ideology of these markets. What you see on further pages are my efforts and ideas which i provided for making these markets Better spaces for people in the city.

Vinit Modi July 2021

Abstract Markets plays a crucial part in our daily lives. The quality of markets in Surat are in a very dilapidated situation. Even with our updated time the markets here are still of the olden era. The question arises here is that there been up-gradation in all the different sectors such as theaters, malls, houses, etc. are steadily updating and kept on increasing to the upper level in terms of comfort, advancement, and what not. Why not same with the important public spaces like markets? Markets are the same now as it was back before 200 years, why can’t we change our perspective of looking these markets? This thesis revolves around on how could we re-imagine and re-think our ideology for these markets, towards making them one step high which could cope up with today’s fast pace world and set an example for society to change their perspective for these markets.

Fig 0.2 : Abstract Illustration of Market Source : Author

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Table of Contents Approval Certificate Undertaking Acknowledgment Preface Abstract List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations

Introduction

Base for the project

Introduction to Surat City A Brief History Overview of Markets in Surat Current Scenario of Markets Vision Aim Objectives Research Questions Methodology

5 7 9 10 12 18 31

Research

34 36 40 42 44 44 44 45 46

Studies in different sectors

Evolution of Markets Public Space - Need for Public Space - What makes good Public Spaces ?

50 54 55 55

Markets as good Public Space - Market as community hubs - Development of Markets

56 56 57

Need for a Change Working of Markets in Surat Types of Markets in Surat

60 64 66

Analysis

In-Depth understanding of Topic

City-Level Market Analysis - Understanding the Zones - Study of Market in Surat

72 72 76

Current Issues Site Selection Process Detail-Level Market Analysis - Understanding Macros - Understanding Micros

85 88 92 92 104

Understanding Context

107

Case Studies

108

Studying Similar Works

Avadh Shilpgram Yagan Square Batlic Station Market Inferences

110 116 122 128

Project Site & Analysis Detail Analysis of factors on site.

Location of Project Neighborhood Landmarks Site Land-use Figure Ground Road Networks Detail Site Parameters Climatic Analysis SWOT Analysis

Program Derivation

132 133 134 137 138 139 140 141 146 149

150

Detail Area Program

Calculations Area Program

130

Design Development

152 158

162

Stages of Process towards design

Design Determinants Zoning Process Zoning Explanation Form Development

164 166 171 172

Final Design Proposal

174

Final Design & Drawings

Isometric View Program Diagram Master Layout Ground Floor Layout First Floor Layout Top Floor Layout Site Sections Main Market Ground floor Market Pod Design Main Market First Floor Main Market Top floor Detail Sections( Main Market ) Pulses Market Ground floor Pulses Market First floor Detail Section( Pulses Market ) Eateries Ground floor Eateries First floor Eateries Top floor Detail Sections( Eateries block) Other Details

176 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 190 197 199 200 201 203 205 206 209 215 217 226

End Chapter

228

Bigger Picture Conclusion References

230 232 233

List of Figures Fig 0.1 : Sketchy illustration of Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Source : Author Fig 0.2 : Abstract Illustration of Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Source : Author Fig 1.1 : Location of Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Source : Author Fig 1.2: Aerial view of Surat City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Source : https://www.citytadka.com/story/surat-tops-smart-city-ranking/ Fig 1.3 : Tapi River showing City Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapti_River Fig 1.4 : People and food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Source : https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/photos /street-vendor-make-fast-food-at-juhu-beach-in-mumbai/17079 Fig 1.5 : Essence of Surat City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Source : Author Fig 1.6 : Old Surat Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Source : https://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Surat Fig 1.7 : Illustration of Surat Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Source : https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo /illustration-of-surat-port-from-baldeus-malabar-coromandel-news-photo /170979197?adppopup=true Fig 1.8 : Picture of Trade via banks of Tapi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/india/surat/ Fig 1.9 : Warehouse of East India Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/india/surat/ Fig 1.10 : Illustration of Vendor of that era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/india/surat/ Fig 1.11 : Picture of Shivaji with his troops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Source : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sack_of_Surat_by_Shivaji.jpg Fig 1.12 : Shanivari Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Source : https://www.patrika.com/surat-news/shanivari-bazar-will-reopened-saturdey-3494038/ Fig 1.13 : Picture of Bhagal Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Source : Author Fig 1.14 : Illustration of Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Source : Author Fig 1.15 : Picture of Chauta Bazzar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Source : https://www.citytadka.com/story/chauta-baazar/ Fig 1.16 : Picture of Bhagal Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Source : Author

Fig 1.17 : Picture of Tibetan Market ( Seasonal ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Source :https://www.citytadka.com/story/surti-winter-shopping-at-tibetian-market-chowk/ Fig 1.18 : Illustration of Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Source : Author Fig 2.1 : Picture showcasing Bazaar/Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Source : https://creativeakademy.org/2015/12 /in-bazaars-of-hyderabad-question-answer-english-literature.html Fig 2.2 : Painting showing the markets of Pre-Mauryan period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Source : https://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/History/Mauryas/ History-of-Mauryan-Empire-Part-4.html Fig 2.3 : Painting showing the markets of Chola period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Source : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Villages.png Fig 2.4 : Painting showing the markets of Mughal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Source : https://twitter.com/indoislamicpage/status/1191224165434413056 Fig 2.5 : Picture depicting markets of early Colonial period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Source : https://www.ft.com/content/7e811ed3-614b-4c59-a4b1-f1cc194df65d Fig 2.6 : Elements for a Great Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Source : https://www.pps.org/article/grplacefeat Fig 2.7 : Benefits of Public Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Source : https://www.pps.org/article/the-benefits-of-public-markets Fig 2.8 : Open Air Marketplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Source : https://finestayslovenia.com/where-to-shop-buy-groceries/open-air-markets/ Fig 2.9 : Markets inside Public buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Source : https://www.pps.org/article/the-benefits-of-public-markets Fig 2.10 : Enclosed Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Source : https://pixabay.com/photos/shopping-mall-shopping-centre-4033020/ Fig 2.11 : Street Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Source : https://in.pinterest.com/pin/185773553369306861/ Fig 2.12 : Markets in Sheds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Source : https://www.pps.org/article /market-cities-barcelona-offers-a-hopeful-glimpse-of-the-future Fig 2.13 : Libraries back in Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Source : https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/blogs/post/a-glimpse-of-libraries-past/ Fig 2.14 : Libraries of today times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Source : https://in.pinterest.com/pin/185773553369306861/ Fig 2.15 : Picture showing Museuems of the Past. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Source : https://www.britannica.com/topic/Louvre-Museum Fig 2.16 : Picture showing todays museum and the change in it over the years of time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Source : https://in.pinterest.com/pin/185773553369306861/ Fig 2.17 : Picture of the markets of Past. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Source : https://www.oldindianphotos.in/2011/06/spice-market-india-1875.html Fig 2.18 : Picture showing current Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Source : Author

Fig 2.19 : Sketch showing major markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Source : Author Fig 2.20 : Picture showing major market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Source : Author Fig 2.21 : Sketch showing mobile markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Source : Author Fig 2.22 : Picture showing mobile market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Source : Author Fig 2.23 : Picture showing mobile market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Source : Author Fig 2.24 : Sketch showing semi-mobile markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Source : Author Fig 2.25 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Source : Author Fig 2.26 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Source : Author Fig 2.27 : Sketch showing commercial markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Source : Author Fig 2.28 : Picture showing commercial market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Source : Author Fig 2.29 : Picture showing commercial market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Source : Author Fig 3.1 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Source : Author Fig 3.2 : Diagram showing Central Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Source : Author Fig 3.3 : Diagram showing North Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Source : Author Fig 3.4 : Diagram showing West Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Source : Author Fig 3.5 : Diagram showing South west Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Source : Author Fig 3.6 : Diagram showing South Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Source : Author Fig 3.7 : Diagram showing East Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Source : Author Fig 3.8 : Diagram showing South East Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Source : Author Fig 3.9 : Location of all markets in Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Source : Author Fig 3.10 : Markets in Central Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Source : Author

Fig 3.11 : Markets in North Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Source : Author Fig 3.12 : Markets in West Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Source : Author Fig 3.13 : Markets in South-West Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Source : Author Fig 3.14 : Markets in South Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Source : Author Fig 3.15 : Markets in East and South East Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Source : Author Fig 3.16 : Map showing Major/Minor Markets in Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Source : Author Fig 3.17 : Map showing Organization Markets in Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Source : Author Fig 3.18 : Pie chart of Major & Minor Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Source : Author Fig 3.19 : Pie chart showing organization of Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Source : Author Fig 3.20 : Map showing Nature of Markets in Surat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Source : Author Fig 3.21 : Map showing Condition of Markets in Surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Source : Author Fig 3.22 : Pie chart showing nature of Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Source : Author Fig 3.23 : Pie-chart showing condition of Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Source : Author Fig 3.24 : Picture of an existing market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Source : Author Fig 3.25 : Encroachments at public walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Source : Author Fig 3.26 : Roadside market encroachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Source : Author Fig 3.27: Roadside market encroachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Source : Author Fig 3.28: Mobile vendors selling at road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Source : Author Fig 3.29 : Picture showing market condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Source : Author Fig 3.30 : South-West zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Source : Author Fig 3.31 : Site options in South-West Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Source : Author

Fig 3.32 : Image of Site 01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Source : Author Fig 3.33 : Image of Site 02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Source : Author Fig 3.34 : Image of Site 03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Source : Author Fig 3.35 : Image of Site 04. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Source : Author Fig 3.36 : Image of Bhagal Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Source : Author Fig 3.37 : All activities at market in morning period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Source : Author Fig 3.38 : All activities at market in afternoon period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Source : Author Fig 3.39: All activities at market in Evening period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Source : Author Fig 3.40 : Image of Saiyedpura Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Source : Author Fig 3.41 : All activities at market in Morning period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Source : Author Fig 3.42 : All activities at market in Afternoon period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Source : Author Fig 3.43 : Image of City Light Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Source : Author Fig 3.44 : All activities at market in Morning period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Source : Author Fig 3.45 : All activities at market in Afternoon & Evening period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Source : Author Fig 3.46 : Extra facilities in market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Source : Author Fig 3.47 : Illustration of a Vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Source : Author Fig 3.48 : Minimum sitting space for a vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Source : Author Fig 3.49 : Minimum selling area of a vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Source : Author Fig 3.50 : No storage spaces and dustbins for vendors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Source : Author Fig 3.51 : Minimum selling area of a vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Source : Author Fig 3.52 : Location of eateries around the site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Source : Author

Fig 3.53 : Surtis eating outside among families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Source : https://www.citytadka.com/story/chandi-padwo/ Fig 3.54 : Surat people out at eateries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnMs3RjAMzo Fig 4.1 : Image of Avadh Shilpgram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.2 : Site Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Source : Archello Fig 4.3 : Ground Floor Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Source : Archello Fig 4.4 : First Floor Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Source : Archello Fig 4.5 : Site Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Source : Archello Fig 4.6 : Facade Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.7 : Detail image of Arches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.8 : Craft Court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.9 : Image of Central Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.10 : Linear Passage Way of Avadh Shiplgram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello) Fig 4.10(a) : Materials Source : Google Images Fig 4.11 : Image of Yagan Square. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.12 : Image of Amphitheater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.13 : Isometric View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Source : Archello Fig 4.14 : Entrance view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.15 : Green Areas of Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.16 : Eateries Kiosk & Seating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.17 : Urban spaces & seatings alongside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.18 : Amphitheater at Night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Fig 4.19 : Spaces at rooftop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.20 : Image showing various ways to enter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.21 : Entrance view at evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.22 : Bird View of Yagan Square. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello) Fig 4.23 : Elevation 01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Source : Archello Fig 4.24 : Elevation 02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Source : Archello Fig 4.25 : Image of Batlic Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.26 : Section 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.27 : Ground Floor Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.28 : Basement Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.29 : First Floor Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.30 : Line Chart of all functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.31 : Urban spaces outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.32 : Wide open walkways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.33 : Interior of Food market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.34 : Transition Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.35 : Image of Retail shops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.36 : Section 02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Source : Archdaily Fig 4.37 : Kiosks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 4.38 : Market Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily) Fig 5.1 : Key map of South West Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Source : Author

Fig 5.2 : Location of Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Source : Author Fig 5.3 : Site Neighborhood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Source : Author Fig 5.4 : Site Landmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Source : Author Fig 5.5 : Map showing connection of APMC & site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Source : Author Fig 5.6 : Jogger’s Park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Source : https://www.citytadka.com/place/joggers-park/ Fig 5.7 : Kavi Narmad Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Source : https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Services/NarmadCentralLibrary Fig 5.8 : Indoor Stadium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Source : https://global.alucobond.com/pandit-dindayal-upadyay-indoor-stadium Fig 5.9 : Agriculture University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Source : https://in.worldorgs.com/catalog/surat/hostel /aspee-shakilam-agricultural-biotechnology-institute-boys-hostel Fig 5.10 : Science Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Source : Author Fig 5.11 : SVNIT College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Source : https://www.quora.com/Can-someone-share-me-pictures-of-the-SVNIT-Surat-campus Fig 5.12 : VSNGU College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Source : https://www.indcareer.com/exams/2014 /ph-d-entrance-exam-2014-veer-narmad-south-gujarat-university-surat Fig 5.13 : APMC Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Source : https://www.vtvgujarati.com/news-details/surat-apmc-made-cng-gas-from-vegetables Fig 5.14 : Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Source : Author Fig 5.15 : Landuse Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Source : Author Fig 5.16 : Figure ground map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Source : Author Fig 5.17 : Road Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Source : Author Fig 5.18 : Site Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Source : Author Fig 5.19 : By-laws applied on Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Source : Author Fig 5.20 : Setbacks & Build-able area on Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Source : Author Fig 5.21 : Vegetation on Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Source : Author Fig 5.22 : Features on Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Source : Author Fig 5.23 : Noise level on Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Source : Author Fig 5.24 : Reference Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Source : Author Fig 5.25 : View of Site from Canal Road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Source : Author Fig 5.26 : View of Site having connection with road.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Source : Author Fig 5.27 : Overall view of site from angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Source : Author Fig 5.28 : View of site from outside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Source : Author Fig 5.29 : Site with background of dense trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.30 : Adjacent side of the Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.31 : View of site from inside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.32 : View of site towards the road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.33 : View of site from angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.34 : Pit of drainage in site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.35 : Positive & negative views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Source : Author Fig 5.36 : Monthly Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Source : https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate /climatemodelled/surat_india_1255364 Fig 5.37 : Yearly average weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Source : https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate /climatemodelled/surat_india_1255364 Fig 5.38 : Wind data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Source : https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate /climatemodelled/surat_india_1255364 Fig 5.39 : Illustration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Source : Author Fig 6.1 : Pod Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Source : Author Fig 6.2 : Storage Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Source : Author Fig 6.3 : Vegetable & Fruit Storage Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Source : Author Fig 6.4 : Storage Calculation for Dairy Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Source : Author Fig 6.5 : Bill Counter Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Source : Author Fig 6.6 : Storage Calculation of Pulses & Spices Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Source : Author Fig 6.7 : Outdoor Market Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Source : Author Fig 6.8 : Multipurpose Space Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Source : Author Fig 6.9 : Reception Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Source : Author Fig 6.10 : Staff Area Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Source : Author Fig 6.11 : Waiting Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Source : Author Fig 6.12 : Calculation of Loading / Unloading Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Source : Author Fig 6.13 : Toilet Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Source : Author Fig 6.14 : Toilet Area Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Source : Author Fig 6.15 : Selling Area Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Source : Author Fig 6.16 : Sitting Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Source : Author Fig 6.17 : Kitchen Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Source : Author Fig 6.18 : Cleaning Room Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Source : Author Fig 6.19 : Billing Counter Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Source : Author Fig 6.20 : Garbage Collection / Disposal Area Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Source : Author Fig 6.21 : Calculations for Restaurant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Source : Author Fig 7.1 : Illustration of Street market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Source : Author Fig 7.2 : Illustration of Sense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Source : Author Fig 7.3 : Illustration of public space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Source : Author Fig 7.4 : Illustration of connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Source : Author Fig 7.5 : Abstract illustration of minimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Source : Author Fig 7.6 : Illustration of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Source : Author Fig 7.7 : Stage 01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Source : Author Fig 7.8 : Stage 02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Source : Author Fig 7.9 : Stage 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Source : Author Fig 7.10 : Stage 04. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Source : Author Fig 7.11 : Bubble Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Source : Author Fig 7.12 : Step 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Source : Author Fig 7.13 : Step 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Source : Author Fig 7.14 : Step 03. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Source : Author Fig 7.15 : Step 04. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Source : Author Fig 8.1 : Isometric View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Source : Author Fig 8.2 : Entrance View of the Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Source : Author Fig 8.3 : Program Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Source : Author Fig 8.4 : Master Layout & Context Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Source : Author Fig 8.5 : Ground floor layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Source : Author Fig 8.6 : First floor layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Source : Author Fig 8.7 : Top floor layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Source : Author Fig 8.8 : Site Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Source : Author Fig 8.9 : Ground floor plan of Main market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Source : Author Fig 8.10 : Visualizing Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Source : Author Fig 8.11 : View of Market Square. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Source : Author Fig 8.12 : View of Canteen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Source : Author Fig 8.13 : Vendor’s Pod design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Source : Author Fig 8.14 : Plan & Section of Pod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Source : Author Fig 8.15 : View of Market 01. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Source : Author Fig 8.16 : View of Market 02. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Source : Author Fig 8.17 : First Floor of Main market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Source : Author Fig 8.18 : Visualizing Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Source : Author Fig 8.19 : Top floor of Main market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Source : Author Fig 8.20 : Visualizing Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Source : Author Fig 8.21 : Detail Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Source : Author Fig 8.22 : Ground floor of Pulses Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Source : Author Fig 8.23 : Visualizing Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Source : Author Fig 8.24 : First floor of Pulses Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Source : Author Fig 8.25 : View of Retail market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Source : Author Fig 8.26 : Detail Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Source : Author Fig 8.27 : Ground floor of Eateries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Source : Author Fig 8.27(a) : Visualizing Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Source : Author Fig 8.28 : Night view of Food street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Source : Author Fig 8.29 : Food Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Source : Author Fig 8.30 : First floor of Eateries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Source : Author Fig 8.31 : View of Food Court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Source : Author Fig 8.32 : View of Public Square. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Source : Author Fig 8.33 : Top floor of Eateries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Source : Author Fig 8.34 : Visualizing Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Source : Author Fig 8.35 : Basement Plan & Reference Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Source : Author Fig 8.36 : Detail Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Source : Author Fig 8.37 : Detail Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Source : Author Fig 8.38 : View of Recreational Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Source : Author Fig 8.39 : View of Recreational Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Source : Author Fig 8.40 : View of Loading / Unloading Area of Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Source : Author Fig 8.41 : View of Rooftop recreational spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Source : Author Fig 8.42 : Post Tension Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Source : https://www.utraconindia.com/post-tension-overview.html Fig 8.43 : Shear Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Source : https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CF.1943-5509.0001012 Fig 8.44 : Organic Waste compositing machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Source : https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail /f-125-organic-waste-composting-machine-6884213012.html Fig 8.45 : System of HVAC for Cold storages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Source : https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail /cold-storage-condensing-units-and-evaporators-maintenance-19124011797.html Fig 8.46 : Materials Source: Google Images Fig 9.1 : Illustration of Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Source : Author Fig 9.2 : An Example of Market Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Source : Author Fig 9.3 : View of Public Square. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Source : Author

List of Tables Table 6.1 : Area Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Source : Author

List of Abbreviations SMC = Surat Municipal Corporation SVNIT = Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology VNSGU = Veer Narmad South Gujarat University APMC = Agricultural Produce Market Committee

01 Chapter

Introduction This section talks about a brief introduction to the topic, Also talking about the existing scenarios with some of my ideology and views towards it . There will a short description about the city where I proposing my project to help the reader understanding the context & culture present in the project.

Introduction to Surat City A Brief History Overview of Markets in Surat Current Scenario of Markets Vision Aim Objectives Research Questions Methodology

Surat City Surat is a city located on the western part of India in the state of Gujarat. It is one of the most dynamic city of India with one of the fastest growth rate due to immigration from various part of Gujarat and other states of India. Surat is one of the cleanest city of India and is also known by several other names like “THE SILK CITY”, “THE DIAMOND CITY”, “THE GREEN CITY”, etc. It has the most vibrant present and an equally varied heritage of the past. It is the city where the British first land in India. The Dutch and the Portuguese also established there business centers in Surat, the remnants of which are still preserved in the modern day Surat. In past this was a glorious port with ships of more than 84 countries anchored in its harbor at any time(SMC).

Fig 1.1 : Location of Surat

Fig 1.2: Aerial view of Surat City

Source : Author

Source : https://www.citytadka.com/story/surat-tops-smart-cityranking/

Surat city gives you an different experience living in it, the people here, the festivals, the culture here and how can we forgot about food. Surat is very famous for its food all over India. You could find dozens food items here like Locho, Khaman, Ghari, Fafda and much more. Their is famous saying, “Surat nu jaman ne Kasi nu maran” It means that if you dine in Surat or die in Kasi your soul will attain ultimate satisfaction.

Fig 1.3 : Tapi River showing City Profile Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapti_River

Fig 1.4 : People and food Source : https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/photos/street-vendor-makefast-food-at-juhu-beach-in-mumbai/17079

Apart from the food here Surat is a city of people and places. There are many famous places which adds to the city. You could find from old colonial structures at times of Britishers, Old pols in Surat, Old fort and other historic buildings to new modern side of the city. There are many famous places like Dumas beach, Surat Castle, Colonial tower, British cemeteries, Botanical Garden etc. Surat city is amalgamation of modern culture with its old indigenous culture. A city full of people, food, markets, and culture, a perfect blend all the things making the city to its fullest. Fig 1.5 : Essence of Surat City Source : Author

A Brief History The chapter of time of Surat which reflects the beginning of boom in commercial activities and markets . Surat formerly known as Suryapur, is the commercial capital city of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Second largest commercial hub of western India after Mumbai. Surat was once the largest city in India. It has one of the highest GDP growth rates in India at 11.5% as of 2008. Surat was the primary port of India during the Mughal period, a distinction it lost to Bombay during the British Raj. Local traditions state that the city was founded in the last years of the fifteenth century by a Brahman named Gopi, who called it Suryapūr (City of the Sun). In 1512 and 1530 Surat was burned and ravaged by the Portuguese Empire who were trying to maintain influence in the area. In 1608, ships from the British East India Company started docking in Surat, using it as a trade and transit point( Saahil, 2012 ). After the British East India Company started trading via Surat. Their seem to be high rise of trading activities and people from various land started trading from Surat. This is major threshold for the markets in Surat. At its zenith, Surat was popularly viewed as the city of Kubera, the God of Wealth( Saahil, 2012 ). Surat is an ancient city and port by all evidence and had been through centuries a Centre of maritime trade. The city was very populous and full of merchants. The city had a very considerable number of foreign settlers. Apart from the Europeans, there were Turks, Jews, Arabians, Persians and Armenians( Parveen, 2014).

Fig 1.6 : Old Surat Map Source : https://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Surat

Introduction

A very important sea port and frequented Surat was a prominent port of the empire in the Mughal period and it came in to prominence during at the starting of the 17th century, after the discovery of swally hole ( Parveen, 2014). Fig 1.7 : Illustration of Surat Port Source : https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/ news-photo/illustration-of-surat-port-from-baldeus-malabar-coromandel-news-photo/170979197?adppopup=true

Surat was a great port and commercial center. Goods were brought up the river in boats. The boats were moored at flight of steps. This port and town were 20km up the river Tapti. Ocean going vessels could not come up to Surat. They anchored at Suwli road where unloading happens. ( Parveen, 2014). Fig 1.8 : Picture of Trade via banks of Tapi Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/ india/surat/

In 1612, Britishers started to established ‘KOTHIS’ for the first time in Surat. Basically it works as Storage centre or Warehouse for the storage of goods which are unloaded from the port(SMC).

Fig 1.9 : Warehouse of East India Company Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/ india/surat/

The vendors at that time due to the boom of commercial markets became very wealthy. This is an illustration of Vendors at that time in Surat.

Fig 1.10 : Illustration of Vendor of that era Source : https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/asia/ india/surat/

Introduction

In 1664 the Maratha King Shivaji attacked Surat, a key Mughal power center, and a wealthy port town which generated a million rupees in taxes. Shivaji’s army sacked Surat for nearly 3 weeks, looting both the Mughal and Portuguese trading centers. Men’s were killed but the poor were spared. Shortly Afterwards in 1668, the British East India company established a factory in Bombay (Mumbai) and Surat began its relative decline concurrent with the rise of British interests in Bombay(Saahil, 2012). Thus, started the downfall of Surat City, the trading activities decreased, the ship making factories started to collapse. This bring a huge downfall for the growth of markets in Surat.

Fig 1.11 : Picture of Shivaji with his troops Source : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sack_of_Surat_by_Shivaji.jpg

In 1883-84 after the establishment of municipality, ‘Shanivari Market’ is established, which is large market of selling large variety of items and also showing the rise of importance for markets in Surat had started.

Fig 1.12 : Shanivari Market Source : https://www.patrika.com/surat-news/shanivari-bazar-will-reopened-saturdey-3494038/

Later in 1936, under the new municipality the first market was formed which is ‘Bhagal Market’(SMC). After that many other markets started to formed in the walled city, a structure is started taking shape.

Fig 1.13 : Picture of Bhagal Market Source : Author

Introduction

This shows the journey of Surat had been gone through during all the time. At the time of Boom, at downfall and when it started to again gather itself in context of markets.

Introduction

Overview of Markets Surat once was a large hub for trading activities. There are variety of markets that could be seen in Surat. Markets in any city reflect the culture of that city. Same goes with the city of Surat, You could find different markets of Textile, markets of clothes, markets of vegetables,fruits etc. Also, there are markets which are seasonal, people from far come to sell their products which are Tibetan market, pok market etc. People of Surat tend to enjoy all sorts of markets with full energy. Focusing on the Vegetable, fruit, edibles and daily market the old Surat or the walled city contains high density of these markets. People have adapted these markets from place to place. Their is an slight variations seen on different places. In the walled city the big cluster of these markets could be seen, moving towards the newer parts of Surat the concentration of these markets varies. For example, some areas like Adajan, the distribution of markets are more of encroachments and in areas like Vesu, Piplod the distribution of markets are of mix typology combining all Municipal markets and encroachment markets. Their is no such a rigid system of arrangement of these markets. Some areas may have a lack of markets while some areas will have dozens on them. Density aspect will be touched in the later of chapters will all other details as well.

Fig 1.14 : Illustration of Marketplace Source : Author

Introduction

Fig 1.15 : Picture of Chauta Bazzar Source : https://www. citytadka.com/story/chautabaazar/

Fig 1.16 : Picture of Bhagal Market Source : Author

Fig 1.17 : Picture of Tibetan Market ( Seasonal ) Source :https://www.citytadka. com/story/surti-wintershopping-at-tibetian-marketchowk/

Introduction

Making Chaos Unhygienic Food

Unhygienic Spaces

Current Scenario Looking at the condition of existing markets in Surat, one thing that I can assure you is this is not what we need as markets in our cities. Surat is linked with various sector of markets but here we are only talking and addressing about the vegetable, fruits and all the markets which we required in day to day life. Markets in Surat or to extent in any city are formed via 3 major ways which are Natural Markets where the markets are functioning at that place for a long period of time even before the municipalities are even formed, so that they get an easement of functioning the market at that place for example Chauta Bazzar would be good example of this category. Next comes the Government Markets where the markets are made by the Urban local bodies existing in that area, in this case SMC( Surat municipal Corporation) has made some markets in Surat. Lastly Encroachment Markets the markets which are formed illegally at a place, encroaching the roads , walkways and started talking ownership of that place.

Introduction

Traffic Congestion

Blocking Roads No utilities

Fig 1.18 : Illustration of Marketplace Source : Author

This subjects are only based upon how a market exists in a place, but the major question here is that of the condition. Talking about the markets in Surat the condition of markets are very dilapidated state. Surat is very fast growing city and also ranks among top in Smart cities but in the contradiction their is lack of growth in basic public sector like markets which we encounter on daily basis. Majority of the markets here doesn’t have proper infrastructure where their would be a designated place of vending activities only few markets which are made by SMC has some infrastructure which also lagging in various elements, Also no proper utilities like toilets, garbage are provided in any markets. Moreover, many urban level issues are also generated by the markets like producing chaos on the roads, traffic congestion, roads and walkway blockage, etc. These markets became Grey areas in Surat. People are neglecting the role and impact of daily public spaces on the people as well as on a city. By understanding the existing scenario gives me an clear overview of the condition which also guides me in further studies as well.

Introduction

Vision To bring a change of notion in the minds on people about these markets and to improve and update the condition of existing markets taking in consideration of vendors as well as users using the place.

Aim Making a market place by amalgamating newer and older values which will be a blend of various public related activities and it would be interwoven with the urban environment promoting urban activities, also treated as a major magnet for the people living in the vicinity areas.

Objectives To challenge and change the ideology of markets To provide spaces which is made by fusion of various public spaces. To provide innovative solution in outline of markets and change the perspective of looking at it. To provide a wider level and comprehensive solution

Introduction

Research Questions These are some of my pre-thoughts or questions which is tried to provide an answer with my thesis and in the end you will get my perception of solving the problem.

Why Markets could not be cherish as good public spaces ?

What is the way to amalgamate market with other public functions which would work alongside each other ? How could I analyze the existing issues to provide a holistic solution in the outline of markets ?

How to make spaces which indulges people to interact, socialize and make them feel of change which is coming in the sector of markets ?

? 45

Methodology Base Study & Research The first step towards the solution is to understand the topic and to start conducting research on it.

Problem Identification Identifying about the problems and issues which I wanted to solve.

Analysis Second step comes the analysis part which involves in depth analysis of the topic.

Case Studies Taking inspiration from all the similar works and ideas from around the world.

Introduction

History and Markets of Surat. Understanding Current Scenario of Markets

Base Understanding + Site Selection

Understanding the Gap Types and Working of Market Literature review

Macro activity analysis Micro activity analysis Context analysis Site level analysis

Studying similar scale of projects having solve the problems with a unique solution

Approach to Design After getting all the data required for project, its time to start with the design solution.

Understanding Design Concerns

Understanding Project Program

Introduction

02 Chapter

Research This section talks about the research that I conducted to understand the topic more deeply and thoroughly. It will bring down to understand the base for everything, What is market, how they were evolve, how they work in city and much more. Leading to a more clear understanding for the topic , also acting as step to move forward with the studies.

Evolution of Markets Public Space

Need for Public Space What makes good Public Spaces ?

Markets as good Public Space Market as community hubs Development of Markets Need for a Change Working of Markets in Surat Types of Markets in Surat

Evolution of Markets Markets have always been a center of social, economic and cultural exchange. Over a period of time, the concept of Markets has changed in its spatial arrangement and offerings. Traditional Bazaars were usually situated in close proximity to ruling palaces or places of religious importance for practical reasons. The locations of marketplaces were judiciously chosen to provide traders protection, and also because such locations generated substantial demand for goods and services. They also acted as connecting points along the regional, national, and international trade routes through which cities were connected and goods, culture, people, and information could be exchanged. The traditional Silk Route is one of the appropriate examples of such connection. The existence of the concept of marketplaces was developed in around 3000 BC in forms of Bazaars, according to the documented records.The word ‘Bazaar’ originated from the Persian word ‘bāzār’, and was derived from the Pahlavi (Middle Iranian) word ‘baha-char’ meaning “the place of prices”. The concept of Bazaar slowly gained popularity and got different names in different nations. For instance, in Italian it was known to be as ‘Bazzara’, in Spanish as ‘Feria’, in Portuguese: ‘Meracado, in Swedish: ‘Marknad’, in German: ‘Basar”, in Turkish: ‘Pazar’, in Greek: ‘Ayopa’, in Arabic: ‘Soug’, and in English: ‘Bazaar’/‘Market’( Upadhyay Rajni, 2017 ).

Research

Fig 2.1 : Picture showcasing Bazaar/Market Source : https://creativeakademy.org/2015/12/in-bazaars-of-hyderabad-question-answer-english-literature.html

Research

Fig 2.2 : Painting showing the markets of Pre-Mauryan period Source : https://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/History/Mauryas/ History-of-Mauryan-Empire-Part-4.html

The chronology of Indian Bazaars can be dated back to the Pre-Mauryan period (middle of 1st millennium BCE) which showcased the appearance of the urban centres of North India in the Gangetic plain. Kautilya’s Arthasastra describes planned and organised selling places of flowers, perfumes, and toiletries and other forest produce items. Contrary to these organised markets lied the markets of Puhar in Southern India. It was a bustling urban centre with market square, streets, and boulevards with the profusion of activities and cacophony and modern-day fair( Upadhyay Rajni, 2017 ).

Fig 2.3 : Painting showing the markets of Chola period Source : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Villages.png

The markets of Chola period, roughly 850 to 1279 CE, the commercial markets in streets for the sale of grains, textiles, jewellery, copperware and leather work was famous. Marketing institution such as nagaram or commercial urban centres which included kadai(shops), angadi(markets), perangadi (a big market in the inner city). In this period, temples were the active buyer of livestock, aromatic substances, oil, rice, lentils, spices, vegetables and flowers and played an important economic role( Upadhyay Rajni, 2017 ).

Research

Fig 2.4 : Painting showing the markets of Mughal period Source : https://twitter.com/indoislamicpage/status/1191224165434413056

Mughal Period (1526 to 1757) was the emergence of power communities of Khattris from Punjab, Aggarwals, Oswal, Maheshwari. With the advent of industrial production in the late 18th century, there was mass production of cheap products in the cities enabling villagers to purchase them. By the 17th century, the nature of marketing had taken one of its biggest leaps since its early development. Permanent shops with more structured trading hours were beginning to replace the traditional market structure in a more formalized and institutionalized manner( Upadhyay Rajni, 2017 ).

Fig 2.5 : Picture depicting markets of early Colonial period Source : https://www.ft.com/content/7e811ed3-614b-4c59-a4b1-f1cc194df65d

The initial encounter with Europe and early colonial period (1498 to 1857) with the Portuguese, middlemen played an important role and specialized local markets such as haats evolved. Many kings and emperors also contributed to the development of unique characters of markets in their reign. Meena Bazaar in Old Delhi, Begum Bazaar in Hyderabad, and Johari Bazaar in Jaipur gained their unique characteristics over hundreds of years of their evolution. Chandni Chowk in Delhi that is spread over 500 hectares inhabits over 200,000 people and also has thousands of shops. It is still considered one of the busiest markets of India( Upadhyay Rajni, 2017 ). Research

Public spaces Healthy public spaces are the springboard for revitalizing communities, whatever they are and wherever they are. That an attractive, active, wellfunctioning public space can jumpstart economic development in a community – from a small rural town to a big city – is being recognized increasingly around the world. Public spaces are a vital ingredient of successful cities. They help build a sense of community, civic identity and culture. Public spaces facilitate social capital, economic development and community revitalization( pps.org, 2010 ).

Fig 2.6 : Elements for a Great Space Source : https://www.pps.org/article/grplacefeat

Research

Need for Public Spaces From the earliest civilizations, humans have cultivated a sense of community and culture through public spaces. In ancient Greece, the Agora (literally meaning “assembly” or “gathering place”) was a geometric square hosting meetings, tribunals, and debates. In the Middle Ages, peasants congregated at the lively marketplace to trade and socialize. ( Faith Ruetas, n.d. ) Although Indian law requires 15% of land to be allocated for green space, neighborhoods continue to lack public spaces. Indian cities have seen a substantial increase in the demand for commercial and residential property development, which has resulted in the majority of public spaces being encroached onto or redeveloped for other purposes. The remaining spaces are frequently ignored and left to deteriorate, which discourages the population from using them.( Health bridge, n.d. )

What makes good Public Spaces ? ( pps.org, 2010 )

Great public spaces are those places where celebrations are held, social and economic exchanges occur, friends run into each other, and cultures mix. They are the “front porches” of our public institutions – libraries, field houses, schools – where we interact with each other and government. When theses spaces work well, they serve as the stage for our public lives.

Access & Linkages A successful public space is easy to get to and get through; it is visible both from a distance and up close. The edges of a space are important as well. A row of shops along a street is more interesting and generally safer to walk by than a blank wall.

Uses & Activities Activities are the basic building blocks of great places: They are the reasons why people visit in the first place, and why they continue to return. They are also what makes a place special or unique.

Comfort & Image Comfort includes perceptions about safety, cleanliness, and the availability of places to sit - the importance of giving people the choice to sit where they want is generally underestimated.

Sociability When people see friends, meet and greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, they tend to feel a stronger sense of place or attachment to their community - and to the place that fosters these types of social activities. Research

Market as good Public spaces

( pps.org, 2010 )

Public markets can be some of the most impactful and welcoming public spaces in our cities and towns, improving public health, and offering inclusive access to entrepreneurship. Public markets are not just places of commerce. Successful markets help grow and connect urban and rural economies. They encourage development, enhance real estate values and the tax base, and keep money in the local neighborhood. Public markets also offer low-risk business opportunities for vendors and feed money back into the rural economy where many vendors grow, raise and produce their products. The spin-off benefits of markets are numerous. From increasing access to fresh, healthy food to providing important revenue streams, markets positively impact local businesses, governments and residents. But, perhaps most important is the way markets serve as public gathering places for people from different ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic communities. As one of the few places where people comfortably gather and meet, markets are our neighborhoods’ original civic centers.

Markets as Community Hubs Strong relationships between the market and other organizations rooted in the neighborhood are assets that can contribute to the success of the market. Markets are great places to showcase a wide variety of community organizations’ programs and offerings while simultaneously supporting the mission of the market. To make your market a great community gathering place, you must consider all of the factors that go into making a great place: A variety of uses and activities that build off and synergize with the vendors. Accessible to the community and linked to its surrounding spaces. A comfortable, fun, and attractive place. A social place that is a center of community life. 56

Research

Fig 2.7 : Benefits of Public Markets Source : https://www.pps.org/article/the-benefits-of-public-markets

Development of Markets A great market makes visitors feel like they are experiencing something special. Your market should be a place where neighbors can be proud of their history, culture, people, and community. Over time, residents should understand that their market space is unique to their town because of the types of food and merchandise that is for sale. Many typologies of market are formed over the years of time.

Research

Open Air Marketplace

Inside Public Buildings

The marketplace in which the items are sold under open sky. This type of markets are very famous.

Markets prevailing inside any public buildings like inside multilevel parking, where the ground floor acts as market.

Fig 2.8 : Open Air Marketplace

Fig 2.9 : Markets inside Public buildings

Source : https://finestayslovenia.com/where-toshop-buy-groceries/open-air-markets/

Source : https://www.pps.org/article/the-benefits-of-public-markets

Enclosed Markets

Street Markets

The markets which function itself in closed environments . Shopping malls would be a good example for it.

The markets which are formed covering the streets and generally of linear structure.

Fig 2.10 : Enclosed Markets

Fig 2.11 : Street Markets

Source : https://pixabay.com/photos/shopping-mall-shopping-centre-4033020/

Source : https://in.pinterest.com/ pin/185773553369306861/

Research

Market in Sheds A Semi-open sort of markets which function itself under these metal sheds.

Fig 2.12 : Markets in Sheds Source : https://www.pps.org/article/marketcities-barcelona-offers-a-hopeful-glimpse-ofthe-future

Research

Need for a Change

Fig 2.13 : Libraries back in Time Source : https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/blogs/post/a-glimpse-of-libraries-past/

Fig 2.14 : Libraries of today times Source : https://in.pinterest.com/pin/185773553369306861/

We can see a lot progression and update in the public spaces like Libraries. The above images show us how the libraries from the past vs todays libraries and change it brought alongside with it. In the Past, Libraries were just a place where their were books and people came to read them. But, now a days people are started to know the impact and important of these public spaces and little by little started to add many other elements which affect the change we are seeing today.

Research

Fig 2.15 : Picture showing Museuems of the Past Source : https://www.britannica.com/topic/Louvre-Museum

Fig 2.16 : Picture showing todays museum and the change in it over the years of time Source : https://in.pinterest.com/pin/185773553369306861/

A similar case, talking about another public space which is ‘Museum’. A lot has changed with this typology as well and it will continue in future too. People at first looked it as building of historic artifacts and over years many people started to integrated different ideas and perspective to it. Due to that little innovations and upgradations it has evolved over the years.

Research

Fig 2.17 : Picture of the markets of Past Source : https://www.oldindianphotos.in/2011/06/spice-market-india-1875.html

Fig 2.18 : Picture showing current Markets Source : Author

Why No Change ? Why No Upgradation ?

Research

I am not here to debate about the earlier time structures vs nowadays structures. But, the idea here is show the changes that are coming over the years in all other public places like Museums, Libraries, Theaters, Gardens, etc. We can see a change in all other public spaces. But, when we look towards our important public spaces which are markets, no such development or improvement could be seen. They are same as they were back in the time as well. Why are the people neglecting the important spaces like market ? Why no improvements or changes could be seen in markets over the years ? As per me, their are different ways to look at a scenario. If we look these markets normally, we could found that its basically find a place where trade happens, but in reality there is a lot that we are missing. For some time if we look at this markets from a different angle, we could found major amount of people visits it regular and daily basis for their daily needs which makes it good Public spaces. Now these markets are mostly linked with places where it could be accessed easily by the public like at edges of roads, at junctions, nodes which makes them good Urban Spaces. Earlier, markets tend to formed at an edge of the roads, and considering that time their were no cars and people indulges to walk pass the roads to travel. In that scenario the markets at that time were functional. But, now times have changed a lot, people started using different modes of transports and roads were not the same as they were. We need to find better ideas and solutions to upgrade these markets. Due to the lack of knowing and lack of construction upgradation earlier the markets are not much of developed, but now what is stopping us to re-think these markets? We have to change and break our ideology for the markets. Why isn’t the market be designed ? What is their is big complex for the markets which also act as public spaces as well ? why not use dead and unused roof for market ? Why not make multi-level markets consisting various other sectors as well ? the list of these ‘why’ will be going on and on. We have to imply those crazy ideas into it. It doesn’t matter if the design or an idea fails in functioning, because what matters is the effort applied for the change and the change will happen with all the little ‘ developing steps ‘.

Research

Working of Markets in Surat To propose a market, It becomes very important to analyze and understand the working structure and working pattern of the existing markets in the Surat city. The first link of the chain in markets is Farmers, who grow the produce. After, that the produce from the farmer is streamed into 3 channels. 84% of the produce is sent to the AMPC market which is the wholesale market of Surat. From there it is further subdivided into 3 channels. Individual Retailers who directly take the produce from their dealer, Individual Consumers directly take their items from there, but very less individual consumers tend to buy from wholesale as it sells items on large chunks of quantity. Lastly, their is transport services which transport the items from wholesale market to the individual markets and isolated retailers. Other 16% of the produce from the farmers are reached directly to the markets or to the individual consumers.

Inferences Wholesale markets is first stop of the produce where it can distributed throughout the city. In a proper market transport services plays an important role as the produce from the APMC market comes through this transport and proper provision should be provided.

Research

Produce coming from the Farmer 84 % [a]

16 % [a]

of the produce

APMC Market ( Wholesale Market )

Selling of the stock to the individual retailers of the city

of the produce

Selling of the produce to the markets directly.

Selling of the produce to the consumers directly.

Transport Services

Selling of the stock to the individual consumers

Individual Markets

Isolated Retailers Research

Types of Market in Surat Various types of market exists in a city. Types of market gives variations in selling patterns of the vendors which basically varies from place to place. In the process of jotting down the markets I had observed many types of markets at different locations. In this I study all the types of categories of markets that prevails in Surat city. Their are 4 types of market that exists they are as follows.

01. Major Markets This are the markets which are made by the Surat Municipal cooperation (SMC) or they are naturally existed in the area for a long period of time which became permanent at that place.

Fig 2.19 : Sketch showing major markets Source : Author

Fig 2.20 : Picture showing major market, Surat Source : Author

Research

02. Mobile Markets This type of markets are majorly found in many places of Surat. A mobile module for items to display also called “laari”. It is found in clusters or as individual seller.

Fig 2.21 : Sketch showing mobile markets Source : Author

Fig 2.22 : Picture showing mobile market, Surat Source : Author

Fig 2.23 : Picture showing mobile market, Surat Source : Author

Research

03. Semi-Mobile Markets In this the vendors are not mobile in nature but they are temporary i.e. they are not sole owners of a place but they temporarily sits and sells at a fixed place like along roadsides or encroaching a street lane.

Fig 2.24 : Sketch showing semi-mobile markets Source : Author

Fig 2.25 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat Source : Author

Fig 2.26 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat Source : Author

Research

04. Commercial Markets This are the new types of markets in which vendor sells inside a shop of a commercial complex. This type of market are permanent in nature. Only found in newer areas on Surat.

Fig 2.27 : Sketch showing commercial markets Source : Author

Fig 2.28 : Picture showing commercial market, Surat Source : Author

Fig 2.27 : Picture showing commercial market, Surat Source : Author

Research

03 Chapter

Analysis This section talks about the process of Analysis which I went through. The process leads to identification of Gaps for the market, density of markets in Surat, Statistic about the markets, site selection process. Moreover, it shows the in-depth analysis of some of the markets in Surat. This data from the analysis will become the base data for the proposal.

City-Level Market Analysis - Understanding the Zones - Plotting Markets Current Issues Site Selection Process Detail-Level Market Analysis - Understanding Macros - Understanding Micros Understanding Context

City Level Market Analysis First of all, to understand the existing market structure of the Surat. A broader level analysis is required in order to understand the location, densities of market, their condition, etc. This plays a huge role as base data for building up the project. This whole process of City level market analysis is subdivided into 3 parts which are as follows.

1. Understanding the Zones To understand the markets in all over Surat city. I started first with the understanding of Surat city and all its zones. Currently, there are 7 zones of Surat city i.e. Central zone, North zone, South Zone, South-West Zone, South Zone, East Zone, South-east zone which are shown in the Fig 3.1 . I understand the zones and what are the characteristic of the zones as well.

Analysis

02 03

06a 01 06b

01. Central Zone 02. North Zone 03. West Zone 04. South-west Zone 05.South Zone 06a. East Zone 06b. South-east Zone

Fig 3.1 : Picture showing semi-mobile market, Surat Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.2 : Diagram showing Central Zone

Fig 3.3 : Diagram showing North Zone

Source : Author

01. Central Zone

02. North Zone

Dense Commercial and Residential area

Dominant Diamond and Textiles Industries with Dense Residential Zone. Major Working population from Outsiders of other states and District

Fig 3.4 : Diagram showing West Zone Source : Author

03. West Zone Dense and Major Residential area

Analysis

Fig 3.5 : Diagram showing South west Zone Source : Author

04. South-West Zone Major Residential and Government and Private Institution, College, university and School. Organized Commercial and Partly industrial

Fig 3.6 : Diagram showing South Zone

Fig 3.7 : Diagram showing East Zone

Source : Author

05. South Zone

06b. East Zone

Dense Industrial, obnoxious and hazardous Industrial Area Dominant with Industrial Work Population with major homeless people

Textiles Market, Storage, Commercial and Dense Residential Area.

Fig 3.8 : Diagram showing South East Zone Source : Author

06a. South-East Zone Many Textiles Market, Storage, Commercial and Dense Residential Area. Dominant Residents are for industrial and commercial workers of lower and lower middle Class.

Analysis

2. Study of Markets in Surat I plotted all the locations of markets by traveling whole city in and out. After this rigorous session of plotting the markets which are shown in Fig 3.9 I understand the density of markets of all the individual zones and gather statistical data from it.

Fig 3.9 : Location of all markets in Surat Source : Author

Analysis

01. Central Zone This Zone contains the most amount of markets in Surat. It is the older part of Surat which contains some old markets also. Density is high. These markets are spread uniformly in all the directions. Population: 408760[b] people Per market load: 34063 people

Fig 3.10 : Markets in Central Zone Source : Author

02. North Zone North zone is more inclines towards working population due to the textile factories there. The markets here are more chaotic and amalgamates with markets of items use in day to day usage. Population: 705163[b] people Per market load: 100737 people

Fig 3.11 : Markets in North Zone Source : Author

Analysis

03. West Zone This Zone the markets are more densify towards the entrance point of the zone. The spread of the uniform towards the front and very chaotic towards the rear.

Population: 424986[b] people Per market load: 53123 people

Fig 3.12 : Markets in West Zone Source : Author

04. South-West Zone This zone contains the least amount of markets, even after most developed area in Surat this area encounters unorganized & under-developed markets. People tends to buy vegetables from local unauthorized encroachments at junctions. Population: 3,47,447[b] people Per market load: 1,15,815 people

Fig 3.13 : Markets in South-West Zone Source : Author

Analysis

05. South Zone This area is major industrial area. The density of markets are accumulated towards the mid spine of area which targets more residencies. Population: 6,95,028[b] people Per market load: 1,39,005 people

Fig 3.14 : Markets in South Zone Source : Author

06. East + South East Zone East zone is subdivided in 2 parts. East zone itself and south-east zone. South east zone contains low density of markets and at uniform distances. Whereas, east zone contains more density of markets due to its large site area and more population. But, it only densified in the front areas and creates a gap for the rear ends. Population: 18,85,442[b] people Per market load: 1,17,840 people

Fig 3.15 : Markets in East and South East Zone Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.16 : Map showing Major/Minor Markets in Surat Source : Author

Major / Minor Markets

25.5%

Major markets are the one which are very much large or formed by Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) and well famous around and Minor are the ones which are naturally formed with clusters of people.

74.5% Major markets Minor markets

Fig 3.18 : Pie chart of Major & Minor Markets Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.17 : Map showing Organization Markets in Surat Source : Author

13.72%

Organization of Markets There are different markets in context of organization i.e. Organized markets, unorganized markets, semi-organized. Organized markets are basically markets that are provided proper locations for vending. Unorganized markets are haphazardly grown out markets. Semi-organized are mix of both of markets.

9.2% 82.36% Unorganized Semi- organized Organized

Fig 3.19 : Pie chart showing organization of Markets Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.20 : Map showing Nature of Markets in Surat Source : Author

13.72%

Nature of Markets Markets could be temporary or permanent in nature. Permanent markets tend to more fixed to the particular place and has a distinct place for their activity. Whereas, in temporary markets vendors grow markets out of encroachments which do not have given fix place.

86.28% Temporary Permanent

Fig 3.22 : Pie chart showing nature of Markets Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.21 : Map showing Condition of Markets in Surat Source : Author

19.7%

Condition of Markets Major markets in the city are poor in condition and lacks in basic facilities like infrastructure, sanitation etc.

71.3% Poor Condition Moderate Condition Fig 3.23 : Pie-chart showing condition of Markets Source : Author

Analysis

Inferences • The quantity of Major markets are very less compare to Minor ones. • All the zones lacks in major markets in their vicinity expect Central zone it covers 3 major markets which is sufficient according to its size. • Majority of the markets are unorganized. • Need for organized markets could be seen more in Zones like Southwest, Central, North, East & West. • Most of the markets are poor in condition • There is high need for to improve market condition of the city. • The ratio of temporary markets over permanent markets are very high. • The structure of markets in the city is highly inclined towards the temporary markets and encroachments.

Analysis

Current Issues After analysis and observing the markets in Surat city. I have figure out some major issues with markets and how to wrongly the structure has been laid. This is very important to understand the mistakes society is making and also the vendors which creating these issues. Somewhere, the Municipal corporation has also failed at some points and not properly maintaining the markets all around the city. Even for the land-uses very less lands to no lands have been alloted for the markets which makes the rise on the encroachments all over the city. These issues have been generated because we lacked in the laying the proper system for markets in the city. I have tried to showcase all the issues in a pictorial manner where are as under.

Unhygienic spaces No proper utilization of spaces

Fig 3.24 : Picture of an existing market Source : Author

Making urban elements unusable for public. Blocking Side roads

Fig 3.25 : Encroachments at public walkways Source : Author

Analysis

Unorganized spaces Blocking roads

Fig 3.26 : Roadside market encroachment Source : Author

No proper circulation space Using any places for vending

Fig 3.27: Roadside market encroachment Source : Author

Congesting Roads

Creating an environment of havoc and chaos on roads Fig 3.28: Mobile vendors selling at road Source : Author

Deteriorated Infrastructure

Fig 3.29 : Picture showing market condition Source : Author

Analysis

Inferences Looking at the current issues with the markets, two major issues could be seen in the city. Urban & Infrastructure issues. Urban issues address the overall city issues and infrastructure issues look towards the built environment, utilities, etc.

Urban Issues Randomize encroachments making congestion on the roads. Due to lack of services they ended up degrading the urban environment in many ways like making city dirty by dumping their waste on roads or making chaos and nuisance on the roads. Urban facilities of the city are also very much affected due this haphazard encroachments. They generally encroach on the roads and footpaths made for the use of public and decrease the functionality aspects of it as they are now fully unusable.

Infrastructure Issues Majority of markets are unorganized with no infrastructure facilities. For the markets made and developed under the urban local bodies ( SMC ) are also deprived of the basic infrastructure facilities. No sanitation measures , no basic facilities for vendors as well as consumers like proper parking, no space for walking, lack of space to accommodate all the vendor resulting more encroachments. Lack of proper spaces for the vendors could be seen in the overall city as well.

Addition to this Surat city a major need for proper market spaces and also to re-look towards these markets to change its current condition.

Analysis

Site Selection Process This shows the process of Site selection for the project.

Gap

Major Green Area having less density of people.

Market Area covered 500 m Radius Circle = under the market ( 10 min Walk) Fig 3.30 : South-West zone Source : Author

Analysis

1. Area For Proposal South -West zone is the area selected for the proposal of my project. South- West zone is the largest in terms of size over all the zones in Surat. It contains major newer development in the city. It contains high density of household population and the zone also excels in prominent night life food culture of the Surat. This zone also inculcates many high standard education institutes like SVNIT, VNSGU. At present there are only 3 markets existing in the area. By looking at the area that comes under it or the area in which the market serves, we could get the area of gap in this region. Major gap for the markets could be seen in the north part of the Zone, the southern parts in the zone are mostly farm lands and consist of very less density of people. Having a site in the northern part is more beneficiary for the people and also very much practical decision. Approximately, the zone needs four to five markets to balance out the gap in the area. My focus is to select one potential site only and propose my design over it.

Area :

111.912[b] Km²

Population :

3,47,447[b]

No. of Markets :

Load on Single Market :

115816

Reasons For Selection • Having the highest area compare to other zones and major household population the zone lacks in number of markets. • Structure & Quality of markets are very poor compare to development in the area. • With the high paced development, essential public amenities like markets are neglected & no proper provisions are given. • This area has a high scope for modern development which goes in with my idea.

Analysis

Fig 3.31 : Site options in South-West Zone Source : Author

Site 02 Site 01

Site 03

Site 04

There are four Site options selected in the South-west zone. Locations of sites are varied and spreads over different parts in all the zone.

Site 01 (2.0 Ha) • Major Residence around. • High Potential for Market • Private land

Fig 3.32 : Image of Site 01 Source : Author

Analysis

Site 02 (2.2 Ha) • Major Residence around. • Central connected to all places in South-west zone. • High Potential for Market & Public space. • Public land. • High impact location Selected Site

Fig 3.33 : Image of Site 02 Source : Author

Site 03 (2.5 Ha) • Location is a bit far away. • Transportation could be a problem. • Surrounded by high rises & high density of residence. • Low potential for amalgamation of market and public space. • Private land. Fig 3.34 : Image of Site 03 Source : Author

Site 04 (1.7 Ha) • Public Land. • Very far away from the center and the major residences in the zone. • Area of site is also a bit small. • Shape of site is a good point here, makes it more functional having very less waste of space. Fig 3.35 : Image of Site 04 Source : Author

Analysis

Detail Level Market Analysis After city level analysis comes the more detailed level of market analysis. In this analysis I have tried to go into some more depth and analyzed in depth of some different markets in Surat. This Analysis goes into 2 major parts i.e. Understanding Macros and Understanding Micros. This sort of study of markets let me understands the day to day activities, where current markets are lagging what are their problems which I could address in my proposal.

Understanding Macros Understanding Macros deals with the understanding and analyzing of all the macro activities that are happening in the market throughout the day from opening to closing time. This understanding is conducted on 3 markets which are Bhagal Market, Saiyedpura Market and City light Market. There are reasons for selecting this markets. Bhagal market is one of the major markets located in the walled city of Surat which shows the traditional working of markets. Saiyedpura market is recently created by SMC some years down the line to understand the flaws municipal markets lags in. City light market is located in the same locality where my site is located in order to understand the people behavior and functioning pattern of the market in that area. These all helps building the program of the project as well.

Analysis

Fig 3.36 : Image of Bhagal Market Source : Author

Bhagal Market , Central Zone

Pros No barrier between different vendors making the space feel like one.

Cons Entrance of vehicular traffic inside the market making area chaotic and not suitable for pedestrian activities. Vehicular movement also generate dust making vegetables around unhygienic. Infrastructure of market is very lacking behind in terms of basic facilities like toilet, dustbins, etc. Analysis

Morning Activities 6-8 AM

8-10 AM

• Surat Municipal Corporation ( SMC ) garbage truck arrives at 9 AM.

• Unloading is done during this time and all vendors are setting their stalls up at 6 AM to 7 AM. • Supplies are brought via Rickshaw, tempo, small truck, mopads, laari.

• Vendors started to set up their stalls at this time.

Fig 3.37 : All activities at market in morning period Source : Author

Analysis

• Surat Municipal Corporation ( SMC ) cleaners arrive at 9.30 AM

• Other shops of different items like spices, pulses, dairy products also opens at this time.

Afternoon Activities 12-4 PM

• Vendor switching places and went for other activities like lunch and rest.

Evening Activities 6-8 PM

• Intensity of buyers are maximum during these time and the intensity of vehicles also increases at this time. • People started to wrapping up their stalls and shops around 8 PM to 8.30 PM

• Intensity of buyers also slows down during this period of time.

• People selling refreshments like cold drinks, eateries, snacks during different intervals at this time. Fig 3.38 : All activities at market in afternoon period Source : Author

Analysis

8-10 PM

• Mostly buyers are for the purchase of fruits at this time.

• Market closes at 9.30 PM and vendors tend to store their extra stuff in market itself or some vendor own their storage spaces for it. • No toilet facilities are as such is provided in the market

Fig 3.39: All activities at market in Evening period Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.40 : Image of Saiyedpura Market Source : Author

Saiyedpura Market , Central Zone

Cons • No cleanness and some stalls are placed adjacent to public dustbin making the vegetables • No electricity and related facilities are given in the market like fan, light etc. • No proper arrangement of the vegetables is seen here. Vendors haphazardly arranged their working space.

Analysis

Morning Activities 6-8 AM

• Vendors arrive at 7 AM and started cleaning their workplace.

8-10 AM

• Surat Municipal Corporation ( SMC ) garbage truck arrives at 8 AM

• Market begin to settle up at 7.30 AM and vendors started to open their stalls.

• Refreshment around the market started at this time.

Fig 3.41 : All activities at market in Morning period Source : Author

Analysis

• Internal market opens at 9.00 AM which is mostly used as storage space and not as a market and after that the remaining vendors started open their stalls.

Afternoon Activities 12-4 PM

6-8 PM

• The number of buyer’s increases highly at this time and create chaos as space is very conjusted for walking.

Market Closes at 4 PM

•

Vendors started to close their stalls by 1 PM and intensity of buyers started to fall after that .

• Market closes at 4 PM and after that it is used as sit-out spaces by the public. Fig 3.42 : All activities at market in Afternoon period Source : Author

Analysis

Fig 3.43 : Image of City Light Market Source : Author

City Light Market , South-West Zone

Pros • Basic facilities are provided well enough. • Their is an organic waste composting machine for the market for the wastage management.

Cons • No boundaries between parking and market which leads to people entering with their vehicles • No storage facilities • Boundary between different vendors is their which removes the idea of market as a whole and more feels like individual selling units.

100 Analysis

Morning Activities 6-8 AM

• Unloading is done during this time and all vendors are setting their stalls up from 7 AM. • Supplies are brought via Rickshaw, tempo, small truck, scooters.

• Intensity of buyers are more in the morning as their is joggers park near area and people tends to buy vegetables after their early morning jog.

8-10 AM

• Cleaners arrive at the market at 8.30 AM • Surat Municipal Corporation ( SMC ) garbage truck arrives at 9 AM

• Refreshment started to arrive at the market like hot beverages, snacks, etc. at this time.

Fig 3.44 : All activities at market in Morning period Source : Author

Analysis

101

Afternoon Activities 6-8 AM

Evening Activities 8-10 AM

• Intensity of buyers is least at this time.

• Intensity of sale of fruits items increase in this period of time.

• Few vendors started to wrap up their stalls and load the extra supplies into their personal cars or rickshaws to their storage due to non availability of it.

• Market closes at 9 PM and vendors put their vegetables at the market due to absence of storage space with wet gunny bags to prevent vegetables from aging.

Fig 3.45 : All activities at market in Afternoon & Evening period Source : Author

102

Analysis

Extra Facilities

• Organic Waste composing is provided

• Proper Facilities for toilet are provided within the market.

Fig 3.46 : Extra facilities in market Source : Author

Inferences After studying three different markets and all the activities inside it throughout the day. The understanding for the program gets clear, and what elements needed for the proposal. Below are some considerations for program which I observed in this study and wanted to incorporate in my proposal.

Loading / Unloading Area

Refreshment Areas

Storage Provisions

Cleaning Provisions

Recreational Areas

Utilities

Analysis

103

Understanding Micros

Vendor

Fig 3.47 : Illustration of a Vendor Source : Author

Vendors require a proper set of requirements in order to function well. This analysis try to capture the minute details about a vendor and what are their basic requirements and how to improve the existing scenario it is essential to understand the current problems and state of it. I have listed down all the essentials which I observed in the market. They are Display area, Weighing Scale, Storage, Electricity, Money Safe, Water Sprinkler, Space, Micro storages and Waster bin.

104 Analysis

Display Area A proper display area for the vendors to showcase their products to the buyers Weighing Scale It is also very important element in market and helps to check to weights of items before selling. Storage The extra items which are left to be sold at the end of the day requires a proper storage space. Electricity It is the must for every vendor as they require it in terms of comfort as fan, charging, lighting, etc. Money Safe There should a safe for the vendors to store their money.

Water Sprinkler Perishable items require a timely sprinkling of water to prevent them from drying and aging faster. Space The required space for a vendor apart from other in order to stand or sitting purposes.

Micro Storages For the storage of other stuff like polythene bags, pens, account book etc. Wastage Bin A area or bin for the disposal of wastage during the day.

Analysis

105

Observation from Markets 75 cm

150 cm (min.)

75 cm

Fig 3.48 : Minimum sitting space for a vendor

Fig 3.49 : Minimum selling area of a vendor

Source : Author

Fig 3.50 : No storage spaces and dustbins for vendors Source : Author

Fig 3.51 : Minimum selling area of a vendor Source : Author

Inferences • Existing markets are running on a very edge of outdation and many functions are required to rethink in today’s time like design of pods, ambiance, etc. • Even any small activity is like selling of area, sprinkling of water on food has its unique importance and could be design to achieve maximum efficiency .Similar functions should be attached in accordance. • All the activities are to be assigned with a program like loading and unloading areas, cleaning room, garbage area, etc. • Also market activities are also interconnected with many other activities like retail market and other people usually engaged. So, related programs should be design like that.

106 Analysis

4k m

3k m

2k m

1k m

Understanding Context

Fig 3.52 : Location of eateries around the site Source : Author

Fig 3.53 : Surtis eating outside among families

Fig 3.54 : Surat people out at eateries

Source : https://www.citytadka.com/story/chandi-padwo/

Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnMs3RjAMzo

• Their is strong resemblance of language & character of Surat food culture is reflected in this area. • The Area has a good opportunity for introducing this essences of this culture After the introduction of these functions the site could get dual nature which make the site happening all the time and could eventually became main Centre of public and urban activities.

Analysis

107

04 Chapter

Case Studies This section talks about the projects which I took as a reference to understand many aspects which could be beneficiary for the project.

108

Avadh Shilpgram Yagan Square Batlic Station Market Inferences

109

Fig 4.1 : Image of Avadh Shilpgram Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello)

Avadh Shilpgram Project Location : Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Built-up Area : 29,784 m² Architects : Archohm Climate : Humid & Subtropical Year : 2016

Introduction

Introducing a kind of ride through spaces and experiences that are controlled and enhanced through architectural forms and materiality. The visual mélange produces an architectural scenario for the activity of leisure and pleasure, an indulgence in shopping as well as the feeling of partaking in actions related to craft and culture. It creates an urban scope that inserts itself within a different reality; like in an amusement park, a bubble of reality within the everyday reality of the city outside(Archdaily, 2016) 110

Case Studies

Intention for Study • It is a good showcase of an urban market which is evolved and designed keeping the essence of the context alive. • The scale of the project throws that complexities and to understand all the functions as well.

Concept An elliptical form enables a smooth corner-free circulation; it narrows down while spiraling inward, and emulates the density and vibrancy of the Lucknowi Bazaars of yesteryears; the bazaars with the streets that got progressively narrower. The built environment is an interpretative collage, a gesture saluting the unique traditional architecture of the Roomi Darwaza and the Imambaras(Archdaily, 2016).

Fig 4.2 : Site Layout Source : Archello

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111

Planning The project is planned in elliptical layout. The plan reflects the indigenous market tradition of Lucknow, all the market area is spread on the ground with these beautiful long passages guiding the way of the people to the center of the structure and gives that essence of street market more in a contemporary manner. Moreover, in addition to this amazing street shopping experience it is also designed to make full out of leisure activities, on the site you could find various sitting spaces, green pockets, green lawns which adds up to the project. It has also kept in mind about the extra possibilities and advancement that a contemporary market must have like exhibition halls, banquet halls, kids play areas, offices for administration, food courts etc. Avadh Shilpgram indeed provides generous facilities to visitors and artisans. The arch, being an important element of the architecture of the city of Lucknow, is introduced as a skin to the inner face of the buildings. It is given a ‘make-over’ in a contemporary style even while continuous access is allowed beneath it(Archohm, 2016).

Fig 4.3 : Ground Floor Plan Source : Archello

112

Case Studies

Fig 4.4 : First Floor Plan Source : Archello

Having the number of floors limited to 2 only and spreading the structure in ground makes sure that people experience it at humane scale and it would give that feel of street bazaars.

Fig 4.5 : Site Sections Source : Archello

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113

Facade & Character

Facade plays an important role in this market. All the shops are aligned alongside the long elliptical passage and facade helps to create a buffer zone as well as work as an element. Their is an long corridor in between the shops and it is joined with long fabricated arches. Adequate daylighting, proper air circulation through cross ventilation further adds the dimension of comfort to the design. Its articulation has been realized through a contemporary interpretation of traditional elements of arches and Jaalis (Archohm, 2016).

Fig 4.6 : Facade Images

Fig 4.7 : Detail image of Arches

Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello)

Public Spaces All between the long street bazaar passages their is good integration of public spaces as well. People like to have that leisure spaces in between to sit and relax through their journey inside the site. Green lawns & pockets indulges people to relax and give a sense of peace within this hustle of the market.

114

Fig 4.8 : Craft Court

Fig 4.9 : Image of Central Area

Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello)

Case Studies

Fig 4.10 : Linear Passage Way of Avadh Shiplgram Source : Andre J Fanthome(Archello)

Red Agra

Steel

Concrete

Kota Stone

Fig 4.10(a) : Materials

Materials Materials used in the project give a warm feel and contemporary look materials such as red Agra stone for cladding, MS members for arches, Concrete for framework, Pavement in Kota Stone in cladding are used mainly. The unique concept along with the form, scale, materials and elements that render the architecture give an iconic building to the city of Nawabs and the people of Lucknow(Archdaily, 2016).

Case Studies

115

Fig 4.11 : Image of Yagan Square Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Yagan Square Project Location : Perth, Australia Built-up Area : 11,500 m² Architects : ASPECT Studios, Lyons, iredale pedersen hook architects Climate : Tropical ( Max. Temp. is 25º and Min. Temp. is 12º ) Year : 2018

Introduction

Client : Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority

Yagan Square is a project of local and state significance for the city of Perth and Western Australia, located at the east end of the new MRA Citylink development which seeks to physically reconnect Northbridge with the Perth’s CBD (and the Swan River). Yagan Square is a major civic space and performance venue, a flora reserve, a fresh food market, public realm art destination, a watercourse play-scape, a digital animation venue and an indigenous education/visitor information center(Archdaily, 2018). 116

Case Studies

Intention for Study • It shows us a very good example for the amalgamation of Public and market elements into each other and to understand it. • To understand weaving of urban spaces into the project • To explore various ideas for public spaces and how could a small site area could be made into good public and open spaces.

Concept The design concept imagines Yagan Square as an integral and active part of the city, knitted into, and extending the existing circulation systems and street fabric of its surrounds, while forming new relationships and ways of experiencing the city. The square has been designed to host major festival events, as well as cater for day to day busking, performances and activities. (Archhello, 2018).

Program The project consists of 3 levels. Lower part of the building consists of Market related functions like Main market , Retail market. With addition to large welcoming public space. Above it there are offices, kiosks and some eateries. Upper part is made majorly of public spaces and chill areas like cafe’ , seating space, garden, plays-paces etc. • • • • • • • • • •

Market Hall Market Plaza Retail Shops Eateries Kiosks Offices Seatings Public Spaces Cafe/Bar Terrace Garden Play spaces

Fig 4.12 : Image of Amphitheater Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Case Studies

117

Planning Yagan Square emerges out of the ground, a tilted platform with geological references of fissures, cracks and gullies eroded in the middle to create an informal meeting place, that breaks free from the ground in the south west corner. A semi underground space is formed by this gesture, a deep ‘cavelike space that is protective and carefully removed from the exterior city bustle. Moments of wonder are embedded in the concrete soffit, passages of light and view connect the children’s play space above to market hall customers below( Archello, 2018 ). Having a simple thought by connecting all the spaces with public areas which blends all other functions. The site is on a slope due to the subway passing below the site. Due to which it creates dynamic steps in the project leading to the rooftop and public spaces on the upper levels. It creates this long lasting experience for the people passing through this square, as it connects major areas through long passages. Overall Yagan Square is a perfect mix and blend of public and market functions with the addition of other recreational activities.

Fig 4.13 : Isometric View Source : Archello

118

Case Studies

Recreational Areas Recreational Areas are a good feature of the project as it makes people relax at that place. Recreational Areas includes the soft scape, Water line, Green pockets, etc. These spaces are made at the center of the project making large open space interconnecting all other functions. The ratio of recreational area to the hard built is in proportion that the project seems at an humane scale. There is no define boundary to access these areas which makes them more functional, and increases the chances of people integration and engagement.

Fig 4.14 : Entrance view

Fig 4.15 : Green Areas of Project

Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Urban Edges Making a public oriented spaces, the edges of the structure plays an important role in that. Yagan square deals with this edges very effectively. The walkway supports with a sit-out or a eateries kiosk which makes the people to stops and appreciate the space .

Fig 4.16 : Eateries Kiosk & Seating

Fig 4.17 : Urban spaces & seatings alongside

Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Case Studies

119

Rooftop

This project gives back the people a wonder-full and dynamic public hotspot on the roof of the structure, above market to its fullest. Having rooftop public spaces make the people to get good views and make them curious to explore the project. It also gives back the green patches back to the site which is initially taken away by the building. Their is a irregular space roof on the amphitheater integrated with lighting system making it usable and create a sense of a place at night also.

Fig 4.18 : Amphitheater at Night

Fig 4.19 : Spaces at rooftop

Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Accessibility The projects offers a very good accessibility from every side. Even with challenges of site and levels the project very well suffices the equal accessibility from all sides. It emerges the projects more and gets an opportunity to invite more people into it. Also the points of accessibilities are also very straight forward making it more functional.

120

Fig 4.20 : Image showing various ways to enter

Fig 4.21 : Entrance view at evening

Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Case Studies

Fig 4.22 : Bird View of Yagan Square Source : Peter Bennetts(Archello)

Fig 4.23 : Elevation 01 Source : Archello

Fig 4.24 : Elevation 02 Source : Archello

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121

Fig 4.25 : Image of Batlic Market Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily)

Batlic Station Market Project Location : Tallinn, Estonia

Climate : Humid continental climate

Built-up Area : 25,000 m2

Year : 2017

Architects : KOKO architects Floors : 3

Introduction The Baltic Station Market is located in north Tallinn between the city’s main railway station and the popular residential district of Kalamaja. The aim of the reconstruction design was to create a contemporary and diverse market, while also preserving the historic character of the market with all of its hustle and bustle and chaotic nature. We added to the pre-existing context to attract the widest target audience possible - from rail passengers to local residents, young people to tourists, and everyone who happens to be passing through the area(Archdaily, 2017). 122

Case Studies

Intention for Study • To understand the program and integrity of various functions with each other. • Understand to make a space urban hot-spot for people. • To understand how light and volumes take role in making of market • To understand the spaces and organization of spaces. • It shows the society, newer terms and ideals to look at a market.

Program The market is divided into 3 layer of floors each with different amount of functions in them. Level 01 has mostly all sorts of second-hand goods and clothing. Level 02 is dedicated for the market and other market related activities. Level 03 is mainly of individual retail shops and underground parking as well.

People selling variety of different good like clothing, second hand goods etc.

Functions of main market as well other market related functions like outdoor market etc.

01 02 03

Functions related to individual retail shops and underground parking facilities.

Fig 4.26 : Section 01 Source : Archdaily

Case Studies

123

Fig 4.27 : Ground Floor Plan Source : Archdaily

Outdoor Market

Restaurant

Food Market

Toilets

Retail Market

Mechanical Area

Fig 4.29 : First Floor Plan Source : Archdaily

124

Retail Market

Toilets

Antiques Market

Mechanical Area

Restaurant

Storage Area

Case Studies

Storage Area

Fig 4.28 : Basement Plan Source : Archdaily

Parking

Food Market

Outdoor Market

Retail Market

Mechanical Area

Planing Batlic market is planned in such a way that it can gather the crowd from all the directions due to its flexible open accessibility from all its edges. Outer areas are for public areas and outdoor market when makes it easier for the people to grab their daily items without roaming into whole market. The main market is kept at the center making it connected to all other functions. The underlying architectural idea of the new market is to draw attention to these powerful structural elements. The market is held together and covered by a striking roofscape that forms the exterior envelope of the building, both in terms of form and function. The new extension includes a sawtooth roof following a gradual longitudinal axis, in line with shape and size of the original buildings. The roof is an eye-catching, unique and central element underlying the sustainable features of the building, while creating a diverse and contemporary local market(Archdaily, 2017). Fig 4.30 : Line Chart of all functions Source : Archdaily

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125

Urban & Public Spaces Next to the outdoor market at the front is the Hommikuväljak (Morning Square) with the Õhtuväljak (Evening Square) on the other side of the building – their names referring to the best time of the day to spend time in either. The squares are connected by ramps and terraces, lined with cosy areas for eating and sitting, a children’s playground, and terraces for cafés and restaurants. During the evenings and into the night people can walk through and enjoy the same area lit-up (Archdaily, 2017).

Fig 4.31 : Urban spaces outside

Fig 4.32 : Wide open walkways

Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily)

Light & Volumes Light is an important feature when talking about the markets. Batlic market creates large volumes and cutouts to pierce the light from its slits opening in the roof to capture light right to the bottom of market. It provides the spaces and transitional spaces a dynamic touch and user could able to see all the activities happening on all levels.

126

Fig 4.33 : Interior of Food market

Fig 4.34 : Transition Spaces

Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily)

Case Studies

Fig 4.35 : Image of Retail shops Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily)

Fig 4.36 : Section 02 Source : Archdaily

Fig 4.37 : Kiosks

Fig 4.38 : Market Inside

Source : Tõnu Tunnel (Archdaily)

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127

Inferences Avadh Shiplgram • To make the spaces of market spread on ground which gives an essence of traditional markets and also gives a sense of place. • To make & arrange the massing of the building with back idea of Context and Climate. • To Restrict vehicular entry at some point and encourage people to walk inside the site. • To make leisure spaces like green pockets, green lawns, seatings which amplifies the interest of people for the site. • Addition of different other functions other than market which goes hand to hand with it making & thinking it as more than just a market place. • To use materials which also enhances the feel of market place.

Yagan Square • To amalgamate efficiently all other spaces with market. • To add urban functions on the edges of the building which indulges people and make spaces more active. • To provide solutions for public spaces more effectively and increase the horizon for it. • To design proper entrances and accessibilities to the site which should be direct and functional. • Making entrance of the site more wide and welcoming for more people to attract with some point of interest at it.

128

Case Studies

Batlic Station Market • Making interior spaces such that it could penetrate natural light and ventilation throughout all the floors. • To create all the spaces which are interconnected with themselves and to arrange functions in hierarchy according to usability. • To create urban spaces at the edges of the site which makes the people to take a pause.

Case Studies

129

05 Chapter

Project Site & Analysis This section talks about the site where the project is to implemented and with that all the analysis of different layers of the site.

130

Location of Project Neighborhood Landmarks Site Land-use Figure Ground Road Networks Detail Site Parameters Climatic Analysis SWOT Analysis

131

Location of Project The Project is located in the South-West Zone of Surat. Project is located at the heart of the South-West Zone, where it is accessible for people through all the sides. This zone also contains major resident population in Surat. It is located such that it also connects other zones as well. This sort of location allow to make a project inclined huge part towards the public domain.

Fig 5.1 : Key map of South West Zone Source : Author

West Zone

Central Zone

ver

i Tapi R

South-West Zone South Zone

Fig 5.2 : Location of Site Source : Author

132

Project Site & Analysis

oa d

Neighborhood

nak

Li City

Ro ad

um as

ad Ghod-Dod Ro

Na Gu ru

oad

ght R

oad R l na

ad ala Ro

agd ana M

Udh

Fig 5.3 : Site Neighborhood Source : Author

The neighborhood of site contains many important and major roads like Dumas Road which connects central Surat directly to the Dumas beach, City light road, Udhana Magdala Road, Ghod-Dod Road and Guru Nanak Road. The structure of the roads in the neighborhood is uneven and informal. Alongside the site passes the Canal under the road. Neighborhood of the site seems to very much developed and high scope for future development as well. Majorly the people here comes under high income group and the nature of development is more residential apartments and row houses. Their are large green open plots just adjacent to the site called ‘ Panas Gam’. These green plots are the agricultural lands which is owned by the government and maintained by the Agriculture University which conducts various experiments on agriculture products. Having such neighborhood challenges and opens the horizon for new ideas as well.

Project Site & Analysis

133

Landmarks Indoor Stadium 1.3 KM ( 10 min )

Kavi Narmad Library 1.2 KM ( 10 min )

Agricultural University 0.8 KM ( 5 min ) Science Center 0.95KM ( 5 min )

Jogger’s Park 0.5 KM (2 min )

SVNIT 2 KM ( 20 min )

VNSGU 2.2 KM ( 21 min ) Fig 5.4 : Site Landmarks Source : Author

Site is surrounded by various major landmarks. Near site the landmarks are more towards public oriented like Science center, Jogger’s park, Indoor Stadium, Kavi Narmad Library. Apart from these site also has Institutional Landmarks like SVNIT and VNSGU. Accessibility of Wholesale market for the transport of fresh veggies to the market is very important. The site is located at a distance of 7.6 Km from the APMC Wholesale market which is basically 12 min drive.

APMC Market

Site

Project Site & Analysis

Fig 5.5 : Map showing connection of APMC & site Source : Author

134

( 12

tim Km 7.6 sport n tra in

Fig 5.6 : Jogger’s Park Source : https://www.citytadka.com/ place/joggers-park/

Fig 5.7 : Kavi Narmad Library Source : https://www.suratmunicipal. gov.in/Services/NarmadCentralLibrary

Fig 5.8 : Indoor Stadium Source : https://global.alucobond.com/ pandit-dindayal-upadyay-indoor-stadium

Fig 5.9 : Agriculture University Source : https://in.worldorgs.com/ catalog/surat/hostel/aspee-shakilam-agricultural-biotechnology-institute-boys-hostel

Project Site & Analysis

135

Fig 5.10 : Science Center Source : Author

Fig 5.11 : SVNIT College Source : https://www.quora.com/Cansomeone-share-me-pictures-of-theSVNIT-Surat-campus

Fig 5.12 : VSNGU College Source : https://www.indcareer.com/ exams/2014/ph-d-entrance-exam2014-veer-narmad-south-gujarat-university-surat

Fig 5.13 : APMC Market Source : https://www.vtvgujarati.com/ news-details/surat-apmc-made-cnggas-from-vegetables

136

Project Site & Analysis

Site

Fig 5.14 : Site Source : Author

Located at the South-west in Surat, Site has very high scope for multidisciplinary activities and making an active urban market & public space. Topography of site is flat. Area in which the site is located is the newer areas of Surat which are developing at an high rate. Site is surrounded by lush green farm lands of government which makes good image of the place by passing from it. Having a good structure makes the project stand out as no other development is around.

Project Site & Analysis

137

Landuse

Site

Fig 5.15 : Landuse Map Source : Author

Education

Public Purpose

Private

Govt. Housing Commercial

Land-use of Site is Public usage . The area contains high amount of private lands. The area around the site will be going to develop as an active public area. So, the junction will become an important node in the future. Other land-uses like commercial areas, have very less density around the site.

138

Project Site & Analysis

Figure Ground

Site

Fig 5.16 : Figure ground map Source : Author

Built

Built = 22 %

Open

Open = 78 %

Road

Looking at the figure ground analysis major built up is seen on the peripheral radius leaving the adjacent government lands. Urban fabric seems to a fine grain with a lot of open spaces between.

Project Site & Analysis

139

Road Networks

Site

Fig 5.17 : Road Networks Source : Author

Primary Road - 60 m Wide Secondary Road - 32 m Wide Tertiary Road - 18 m Wide

Variety of vehicles operate together from cars, trucks to scooters. Site is attached to primary road having 60 m width and with a Secondary Road 32m wide. The condition of roads seems good except some of the tertiary roads. Traffic seems to managed effectively, but there is congestion seen at the peak hours on the node adjacent to site

140 Project Site & Analysis

Detail Site Parameters Site Measurements Measurement of Site are shown in Fig . Majorly the site is exposed towards the road site. Shape of the site is mostly rectangular which gives benefit over space wastage.

Fig 5.18 : Site Measurements Source : Author

Legalities The F.S.I of the site is 1.8 and permissible builtup area is 41,400 m2. Permissible height is 45 m. The buildings alongside this road has major high-rise apartments.

Fig 5.19 : By-laws applied on Site Source : Author

Project Site & Analysis

141

Setbacks & Build-able Area These are the setback margin to be left in the site as per GDCR. Total build-able area leaving the margins is 19,150 m2.

Fig 5.20 : Setbacks & Build-able area on Site Source : Author

Vegetation Their is a dense amount of plantation of Neem trees alongside the edge of the site.

Fig 5.21 : Vegetation on Site Source : Author

142

Project Site & Analysis

Fig 5.22 : Features on Site Source : Author

Existing Condition & Disturbance There are many other features that are present on the existing site which are shown in the Fig. 5.22 Major amount of noise is coming from main Canal road having the public and Market functions in more introverted environment is beneficiary. Fig 5.23 : Noise level on Site Source : Author

Project Site & Analysis

143

Views to Site Photographic documentation of the Site.

Fig 5.24 : Reference Plan Source : Author

Fig 5.25 : View of Site from Canal Road

Fig 5.26 : View of Site having connection with road.

Source : Author

Fig 5.27 : Overall view of site from angle

Fig 5.28 : View of site from outside

Source : Author

144 Project Site & Analysis

Fig 5.29 : Site with background of dense trees

Fig 5.30 : Adjacent side of the Site

Source : Author

Fig 5.31 : View of site from inside

Fig 5.32 : View of site towards the road

Source : Author

Fig 5.33 : View of site from angle

Fig 5.34 : Pit of drainage in site

Source : Author

Views from Site Positive and Negative views are shown, which are viewed from the site.

Fig 5.35 : Positive & negative views Source : Author

Project Site & Analysis

145

Climatic Analysis Latitude : 21°11’45.4’’ N Longitude : 72°49.814’ E Country : India Altitude : 13 meters Climate Type : Tropical

Fig 5.36 : Monthly Temperature Source : https://www. meteoblue.com/en/ weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/surat_ india_1255364

Fig 5.37 : Yearly average weather Source : https://www. meteoblue.com/en/ weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/surat_ india_1255364

Monthly Weather in Surat Weather of Surat is Tropical. Overall the average temperature of Surat is 34º Celsius ( 93.2 Fahrenheits ), Maximum Temperature reaches upto 45º Celcius and Minimum temperature reaches to 12º Celsius. Precipitation is high in the months of mid June to mid September. Average annual rainfall is about 1143 mm.

146 Project Site & Analysis

Fig 5.38 : Wind data Source : https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/surat_india_1255364

Wind Analysis Majority of winds comes from the South West and South of South West direction. The speed of wind increase in the months of May, June, July. This analysis plays an vital role in massing of these public project which should supply adequate amount of wind all over the place.

Inferences • Open public spaces should be covered with a structure or by any vegetation. • The direction of winds would be taken as a benefit in designing the functions. • All functions are made that receive proper day lighting and ventilation.

Project Site & Analysis

147

+ -

+ Fig 5.39 : Illustration Source : Author

148 Project Site & Analysis

SWOT Analysis Strengths • Site is located at the heart of the zone. • High Scope for newer developments is possible in the area. • Scope for Market with urban activities is high as lack of public spaces is seen in the precinct which is beneficiary for the site. • Major domain around the site is residential which tends to indulge with the site more frequently. • Site is surrounded by agricultural lands on 2 sides which doesn’t have any construction on it. So, good amount of unobstructed light,wind and views could be obtained.

Weakness • There are many dilapidated and abandoned structures around the site which could decrease the image of that place.

Opportunities • People in the precinct tends to shop vegetables at morning after having a walk or a jog from jogger’s park, having an extension of it to the site would make easier for the people and it will also act as catalyst for urban spaces there. • Around the site there are agricultural land of government. Functions could be incorporate in the design which goes with it. • It is adjoined to a urban walkway along one edge. So, it gives an opportunity to create an active urban edge.

Threat • The workers working in the farm lands besides the site could infiltrate in site which causes may cause a threats like vandalism and theft.

Project Site & Analysis

149

06 Chapter

Program Derivation This section talks about the Detail Area program for the project and also shown my calculations behind the deriving the area program.

150

Calculations Area Program

151

Calculations All the calculations of areas, functions and detail elemental area are shown. This are calculated to show the basic minimum area need for the project. It may or may not be change in the final design outcome.

Fig 6.1 : Pod Area Calculation

Fig 6.2 : Storage Calculation

Source : Author

Fig 6.3 : Vegetable & Fruit Storage Area Source : Author

Fig 6.4 : Storage Calculation for Dairy Products Source : Author

152

Program Derivation

Fig 6.5 : Bill Counter Area Calculation Source : Author

Fig 6.6 : Storage Calculation of Pulses & Spices Market Source : Author

Fig 6.7 : Outdoor Market Calculations

Fig 6.8 : Multipurpose Space Area

Source : Author

Project Derivation

153

Fig 6.9 : Reception Area Calculation

Fig 6.10 : Staff Area Calculations

Source : Author

Fig 6.11 : Waiting Area Calculation

Fig 6.12 : Calculation of Loading / Unloading Areas

Source : Author

Fig 6.13 : Toilet Area Calculation Source : Author

Fig 6.12 : Calculation of Loading / Unloading Areas Source : Author

154

Program Derivation

Fig 6.14 : Toilet Area Calculation Source : Author

Fig 6.15 : Selling Area Calculations

Fig 6.16 : Sitting Calculation

Source : Author

Fig 6.17 : Kitchen Calculations Source : Author

Project Derivation

155

Fig 6.18 : Cleaning Room Calculation Source : Author

Fig 6.19 : Billing Counter Area Source : Author

Fig 6.20 : Garbage Collection / Disposal Area Calculations Source : Author

156

Program Derivation

Fig 6.21 : Calculations for Restaurant Source : Author

Project Derivation

157

Area Program 1

Market Space

Qty.

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m)

40 Pods

160

1.1 Vegetable Market Selling Area 20% Circulation Space Storage ( Dry + Cold )

250 2

300

600

1010

~1200

1.2 Fruit Market Selling Area

30 Pods

20% Circulation Space Storage ( Cold )

120 80

250

450

~500

1.3 Dairy Products Area Storages ( For Selling )

10 units

1.2

20% Circulation Space Cash Counter ( For billing purposes )

12 20

~60

1.4 Pulses & Spices Market Selling Area

10 vendors

250

Individual Storage Area

10 vendors

250

20% Circulation Space

100

600 1.5 Outdoor Market Selling Area

30 Pods

120

1.6 Other Space 1000

Multipurpose Public Space

1.7 Administration (min.) 1

50 People

Accounts Department

8 people

Help Desks

Reception Area Waiting Area

4 people

Office Head Cabin

Toilet

Tea Room / Lunch Room

30 27

20% circulation

209

1.8 Unloading / Loading Area

158

Area for loading / unloading

Platform Area Program Derivation

1.9 Toilet Facilites

20 vehicles

400

20 vehicles

240

640

~210

Accounts Department

8 people

Help Desks

4 people

Office Head Cabin

Toilet

Tea Room / Lunch Room

Qty.

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m) 209

Area forArea loading / unloading Selling

2040 vehicles Pods

20 4

Platform Area Space 20% Circulation

20 vehicles

400 160 240 250

Storage ( Dry + Cold )

300

20% circulation

Market Space

1.1 Unloading Vegetable Market 1.8 / Loading Area

1.9 Toilet Facilites

640 600 1010

~210

~1200

Women

1.2 W/C Fruit Market Selling Area Urinal Wash Basin 20% Circulation Space 20 % Circulation Storage ( Cold )

30 Pods 0

4 2.5

120 0

250

6 80 14.4 250

Men W/C

1.3 Urinal Dairy Products Area Wash Basin Storages ( For Selling ) 20 % Circulation 20% Circulation Space

Cash Counter ( For billing purposes )

1.4 Pulses & Spices Market 2 Refreshment Area Selling Area

2.1 Canteen Individual Storage Area

70.4 450

0.5

6 10 units

1 1.2

6 12 14.4 20

75.4

~80

~60

Qty. 10 vendors

Min. Area (sq.m) 25

Area( sq.m)

10 vendors 1

25 10

250

100

250 10 100 1000

Kitchen

Toilet services ( min)

30 Pods 1

4 10

Selling Area 20% Circulation Space Sitting Space ( 100 Capacity )

1.5 Outdoor Market

Outdoor Sitting ( depends on design ) Selling Area Billing Counter

600 100

(as per design)

120 10

1165

1.6 Other Space

~80 ~500

~1200

1000

Multipurpose Public Space

2.2 Sitting Pockets

(as per design)

1.7 Administration (min.) Reception Area

50 People Qty. 8 people

Area(16sq.m) 30 50 40 100 30 4 27

Help Desks

4 people

1 Min. Area 2 (sq.m) 2

Office HeadRoom Cabin 3.1 Cleaning

21 2 3 1 2

30 25 20 25 30 2

Waiting Area

Hygienic Area Accounts Department

Toilet 3.2 Garbage Collection Area Tea Room / Lunch Room Garbage Disposal Area 20% circulation

154 209

1.8 Unloading / Loading Area Area for loading / unloading

20 vehicles

20 Min. Area Platform Area vehicles Note4: This valuesServices are minimum and tend to change with 20 design Qty. of project. 12 Extra (sq.m) ATM 10 0.3

1.9 Toilet Facilites 20% Circulation Women

400

Area(240 sq.m) 640 3

W/C

Urinal

2.5

~160 ~210

Project 4 Derivation 50 0

159

Garbage Disposal Area

154

Extra Services

Qty.

ATM

Min. Area (sq.m) 0.3

20% Circulation

~160

Area( sq.m) 3 ~1

4 5

Urban Spaces

Qty.

5.1 Recreational Spaces

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m)

Sitting Spaces Continuation of Jogging track

( As per Design)

Green Pockets / Green Spaces Public Promenads

Eateries

Qty.

6.1 Restaurant / Café ( single) Reception + Waiting Area

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m)

50 people

500

Kitchen

Service Area

Sitting Area

573

Individual Area ( no. depends on design)

~560

6.2 Food Street (single) Area ( Single Stall ) Sitting Space

8 - 10 people

Single Stall Area ( no. depends on design)

Retail Spaces

Qty.

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m)

7.1 Single Retail Outlet area ( min. )( Single) Display Area Storage Area( 20% of Display area )

Billing Counter

Small Office

Other Services HVAC, Fire systems, Mechanical Services, Electrical Room, Horizontal & Vertical Circulations

Qty.

Min. Area (sq.m)

Area( sq.m)

20 % of Project Area

2000

Basement

Table 6.1 : Area Program Source: Author 160 Program Derivation

1500 Total Area

10,347

~50

Client The client of the project will be Surat Municipal Corporation(SMC), Hence the land use is under public and the project is also formulated for the public purpose. They will allot a body which runs the administration of whole project.

Bye-Laws Area of Project : 23,000 m2

Height Restrictions : 45 m

F.S.I : 1.8

Setbacks :

Build-able Area : 19,150 m2

North Side 9m

Build -able Volume : 41,400 m2

West side 9m South Side 4.5m East Side 4.5m

Project Derivation

161

07 Chapter

Design Development This section talks about the development of design and various stages of development. Some pre- determinants which I incorporate in my design process. Development of Zoning and Formation of Massing is also discussed throughly.

162

Design Determinants Zoning Process Zoning Explanation Form Development

163

Design Determinants Design determinants shows the key elements and experiences which I would incorporate in my design proposal.

Street Market Experience Creating a new market with the context of Indian markets must be make in contemporary manner but the essence of markets also should reflect in accordance with the design as well. Fig 7.1 : Illustration of Street market Source : Author

Sense of a place Creating spaces which make people realizes a sense for that place. A sense of ownership, an attachment towards the spaces as well.

Fig 7.2 : Illustration of Sense Source : Author

.... ....

Fig 7.3 : Illustration of public space Source : Author

164 Design Development

Great Public spaces Amalgamating Public spaces effectively with market spaces, enhances the environment and make people to visit such place more frequently.

Efficient Connection of Spaces All the functions & spaces should be linked in a manner that the whole project feels like one. Even having contrast with the nature of functions in it, all with get blended together.

Fig 7.4 : Illustration of connection Source : Author

Minimal & Impact-full Having a minimalist design gets more emphasizes upon the functions and those functions are used more efficiently and it will create good impact on the users too.

Fig 7.5 : Abstract illustration of minimal Source : Author

Versatile and Adaptive Spaces Having a place which possess the element of versatility and adaptability of different spaces brings out variations and flexibility in spaces making the user more engaged towards the project. Fig 7.6 : Illustration of Source : Author

Design Development

165

Zoning Process

Farm Land

Public Land

Stage 01

Public Land

Fig 7.7 : Stage 01 Source : Author

Firstly, A Central Principal axis is created in the site which passes through the site and connecting both the roads in a straight line . This Principal Axis will act as a central part for the project which will a multi-usable active public space throughout the day and around which all the functions will develop. The reasons for this decision as stated as under: • Easy & Efficient connection with both the roads and passes through the Site connecting all the functions around it. • It creates a sense of focus which is more effective and functional rather many offset roads leading to confusion for the user. • It will make the functions more directly accessible and easy for the user. • It will act main public street attracting people from the urban spaces outside directly inside the site.

166

Design Development

Farm Land

Public Land

Stage 02

Public Land

Fig 7.8 : Stage 02 Source : Author

The second step is zoning and to eases the process all functions are segregated into 4 parts i.e. Urban Spaces which includes all the urban elements which are going to incorporate in the project. Urban Active Functions which includes Restaurants, Eateries, Cafes, Food street which could easily blend with urban spaces and more active in that area. Public Spaces which has Public promenades, Amphitheater etc. Daily Functions are the functions which are daily essentials for the people like Vegetable market , Fruit market, Retail shops, ATM, etc. All the urban spaces are kept at the edge adjoining both the roads which makes it easy for the people to slide inside. Addition to that the urban active spaces are kept side to side with the urban spaces which enhances the experience of the people. The Daily functions are kept close to the main road which makes it easily accessible from outside making it convenient for public. Public spaces are kept joining both the zones and in addition it is kept introvert from outside but equally active inside. Design Developement

167

Farm Land

Public Land

Stage 03

Public Land

Fig 7.9 : Stage 03 Source : Author

Now, more detail level of zoning is done, In this more detail area for Major functions like Market, Eateries, Food street, Outdoor market are assigned. The Food street is given alongside the principal axis which impulses people to enter into site and gives an active environment during night. Outdoor Market is also given outside the main market space which helps people to buy extra items other than market and also inculcates the outside encroachment of hawkers into it. There is one main Public space which is merged with the urban spaces and also public spaces are scattered around it.

168

Design Development

Farm Land

Public Land

Stage 04

Public Land

Fig 7.10 : Stage 04 Source : Author

Addition of 2 Major square along the Principal Axis i.e. Market Square & Public Square. Squares are created to open up the spaces and break the linear monotony of the axis which also enhances the experience. Also these square gives a sense of a place and create an essence of traditional street market.

Design Developement

169

Entry

0 5

A 4

8 B

7 7 1

Entry

Fig 7.11 : Bubble Diagram Source : Author

A. Market Square B. Public Square

170

Design Development

0. Canteen 1. Vegetable Market 2. Fruit Market 3. Dairy Market 4. Outdoor Market 5. Pulses, Spices

Market 6. Loading / Unloading Area 7. Food Street 8. Restaurants 9. Public Space 10. Toilets

Zoning Explanation This is the finalized zoning diagram with all the major functions which defines the space. I have also interconnected all the functions for efficient functioning of spaces. At the center you can see the principal axis which is joining both the ends of the road with 2 major square i.e. Market square and Public square which acts a focal point for the project. The market spaces selling vegetables, fruits, dairy products are kept on the right side of axis and even close to the main entrance which makes them easier to access and they are also interconnected with each other making easier for the user to buy everything in one go. Pulses, Grains & Spices market is placed opposite to this market, reason being that people do not tend to buy pulses, grains and spices every day so to bifurcated the flow of both customers making less congestion in spaces. Outdoor markets are kept at the edge of market square which will provide an essence of street market and also help to regulate and incorporate haphazard road encroachments. Their is seamless transition between market square and public square. It contains all leisure activities. I have kept the edge of public square with food eateries which brings out the feel of food street and their will be good connections which lead the people from the market to make some leisure time as well. Restaurants are placed at the edge facing the urban walkway which attracts the people to the site makes the whole edge more active and lively with all sorts of urban activities. Apart from all these activities other activities like retail markets, administration, cafes are on the upper level. Their will be a large active public space introvert in site which is connected from all the areas.

Design Developement

171

Form Development

Fig 7.12 : Step 01 Source : Author

A mass is extruded on the site leaving the margins as per guidelines .

Fig 7.13 : Step 02 Source : Author

02 172

The principal axis is created cutting diagonally through the site connecting major roads on the periphery of the site.

Design Development

Fig 7.14 : Step 03 Source : Author

Voids are then made on and around the principal axis which will concentrate major public activities i.e. Market square and Public Square. Other voids are also carved out to give recreational and service spaces

Fig 7.15 : Step 04 Source : Author

Changing the volumes as per the function inside and giving dynamic green spaces on and around the structure.

Design Developement

173

08 Chapter

Final Design Proposal This section shows my final design proposal and all the Drawings, Views, Details and other things related to the Project.

174

175

Isometric View

Fig 8.1 : Isometric View Source : Author

45%

176

Recreational Spaces

The spaces like Garden, Water Body, Open public sitting spaces, green spaces that are involved in recreational activities.

Final Design Proposal

Commercial Spaces Commercial spaces like Retails spaces in the project.

15%

Market Spaces All the market spaces like Vegetable market, Fruit market, Dairy market, Pulses grain & Spices market

15%

Eateries

Food streets, Restaurants, Food Courts all the functions related to food.

Fig 8.2 : Entrance View of the Market Source : Author

Final Design Proposal

177

Program Diagram

Second Floor Cafe

First Floor Food Court Retail Spaces Administration

Ground Floor Vegetable Market Pulses, Grain, & Spices Market Dairy Market Outdoor Market Canteen Restaurants Food Street

Fig 8.3 : Program Diagram Source : Author

178

Final Design Proposal

Farm Land

ad l Ro e l na a d i a n e C n Ca m w La 0 S 6 T BR e an L TS BR

rk pa s r e

n sio

g Jog

n Ca

Proposed Joggers Park

te Ex

Farm Land

Public Land

Public Land Residential Area

Walkway Urban Pedestrian

Existing Joggers Park

Looking at the contextual plan, an extension of existing joggers park is made which connects the market and end to the urban walkway adjacent to the market site. The people here tends to buy vegetables and other supplies when they come for their morning walk or jog. The reason for this is to make easier for the people visiting the joggers park at early morning to buy their items at morning. Also it will create a long urban edge passing along the market.

d oa

al R

Residential Area

Legends

1. Main Market building 2. Spices, Grain & Pulses Market + Retail Market building 3. Food Street 4. Restaurants, Food Courts, Cafe ( Eateries building ) 5. Recreational Area

a. Market Square b. Public Square

Fig 8.4 : Master Layout & Context Layout Source : Author

25m

Master Layout Final Design Proposal

179

ad Ro e l id l na na Ca m w a e C an 60 SL T BR ne La S T BR

Ground Floor Layout 10

ark p s r

g f Jo

io ns

te Ex

10 1

10 8

12 c

The overall layout of the market is made taking in consideration of blending of versatile spaces. A long axis passes through the site which acts as main axis and along side it majority of functions are designed. It gives a traditional market like experience passing through here and it smoothly joints with the public square where all the public related activities happens. The axis is the main backbone of the project on which it is standing. Multiple entrances are provided for pedestrian people and vehicular entries also. Alongside, separate services entries are provide for activities like loading/ unloading, entry to office, garbage truck entry. All the elements are majorly spread on the ground giving the user more horizontal movements and all the functions are interconnected to each other as well. Parking for two wheelers, four wheelers are also provided both for the market and public spaces.

a 7

2 9

Legends

b 3

5 11

rian Walkway Urban Pedest

11 13 14 10 Fig 8.5 : Ground floor layout Source : Author

180

25m

Final Design Proposal

1. Canteen 2. Vegetable Market 3. Fruit Market 4. Toilet Block 5. Storage Area ( Cold & Dry ) 6. Dairy Market 7. Outdoor Market 8. Pulses, Grains, & Spices Market 9. Unloading Area 10. Parking 11. Food Street 12. Restaurants 13. Water Body 14. Garden a. Market Square b. Public Square c. Service Area

Entry Point Service Entry Point

ad Ro e l id l na na Ca m w a e C an 60 SL T BR ne La S T BR

First Floor Layout Looking at the functions around the market square I have tried to create a loop of both the buildings with a connection of bridge which lends people to move easily from any market to any market without any hurdles or complications, Also people could start any where in the market and could reach any place in the market . Upper spaces have functions of administration, retail market and cafe.

ark p ers

sio

ten Ex

Jo of

c 3

Legends 1 2

1. Retail Market 2. Administration 3. Food Court

rian Walkway

a. Market Square b. Public Square c. Service Area

Entry Point

Urban Pedest

Service Entry Point

Fig 8.6 : First floor layout Source : Author

25m

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Top Floor Layout Recreational Spaces is designed over the top of the main market building which make people who are coming for buying at market to experience leisure time around with green lawns, there are multiple sitting spaces and also an informal amphitheater and a viewing deck where people could experience the views of market spaces and also views of context. Cafe is designed at the top floor of the eateries building where people go, could have a sip of coffee with the beautifull views around the site.

1 b

Legends 1. Public Recreational Area 2. Rooftop Cafe a. Market Square b. Public Square Entry Point Service Entry Point

Fig 8.7 : Top floor layout Source : Author

182

25m

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Site Sections

Vegetable Market

Recreational Space

Food Court

25m

Pulses, Grains & Spices Market

Recreational Space

Basement

Outdoor Market

Retail Market

Basement

Market Square

Two Wheeler Parking

Food Street

Restaurant

Food Street

Sitting Area

Water Body

Recreational Area

Fig 8.8 : Site Sections Source : Author

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Main Market Ground Floor 0

1 5 4

3 15

10 16

25m

The main market consist of 3 market i.e. Vegetable market, fruit market, Dairy market. Main entrance to the market is from the market square , many other entrances and exits are also designed for efficient movement. Large opening are provided at the edge of vegetable market which brings constant north light and this edge also works as loading/ unloading area as well as an active edge of people to sit. Opposite to the opening is a recreational area which could be used both by vendors as well as people for relaxing under a shade, grass-pavers are used as floor for loading / unloading area which also brings a sense of continuity and visual connectivity with the green space. A large green courtyard is provided between the link of all three markets, below it is the fruit market and beside it dairy market. The function of courtyard is to bring the light to the market and plays role of space to sit and relax for a bit. Two storages are provided in the market building, dry storage and cold storage. Storages play an active role in the market which stores the extra items at the end of the day from the vendors and also stores ample amount of supplies in cases of emergency. Dry storage are for the non perishable items like potato, onion etc. Cold storage is for the perishable items like fruits, etc. Dairy market is designed along the edge of the axis making it easier for the people to directly buy dairy products without much hassling in the market. Moreover, Outdoor market is also at the edge of axis which accommodate road side encroachments , their is no fix definition of function in these market.

7 14 11

3 9

1. Sitting Area 2. Kitchen 3. Toilet 4. Storage area 5. Billing Area 6. Vegetable Market 7. Dairy Market 8. Outdoor Market a. Market Square b. Public Square

Entry / Exit Point Fig 8.9 : Ground floor plan of Main market Source : Author

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9. Fruit Market 10. Loading / Unloading Area 11. Courtyard 12. Dry Storage 13. Cold Storage 14. Cleaning Room 15. Garbage Area 16. Recreational Area

Canteen

Market

Outdoor Market Fig 8.10 : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

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Market Square The main square of the project which is dedicated for the all the market related activities and could also act as a huge public plaza which gives the user to experience of openness and appreciation for the building. Also this marks the entrance to the central aisle of the market which is visually connecting all the functions of the market. It concentrates the major market activities in and around itself. This square captures the typical essence of the street market with retail stores on the periphery of the square.

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Fig 8.11 : View of Market Square Source : Author

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Canteen Canteen plays a vital role in the market complex to provide the vendors and buyers with a constant supply of refreshment which they need throughout the day. Canteen will also work as an anchor attracting joggers of the joggers’ park to have tea, juice or any such refreshments.

188

Fig 8.12 : View of Canteen Source : Author

189

Market Pod Design Display Number Plate of Pod

Micro Storages + Locker

Light System Structural Member

Fig 8.13 : Vendor’s Pod design Source : Author

Sink for Sprinkling of Water on veggies and fruits

Provision for Electric sockets Display Area

Market pod is custom designed from the observation of the existing requirements of a vendor alongside with the problems faced by him. Fig. 8.13 shows the design of the pod. The market pod is made of concrete which is to be on site along with the wooden work like drawers, light system etc and plumbing lines should also attached to the pod as well for inbuilt sinks.

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5m Area for Single Vendor

10 m

Fig 8.1 : Source : Author

3.3 m

0.52 m

Fig 8.14 : Plan & Section of Pod Source : Author

Micro Storages + Locker

Concealed Lighting Fixture

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Vegetable Market The Market place is designed in such a way that it is a closed structure yet have the essence of an open market. The edge of the market is treated in such a way that a visual connection with the outdoor space is established.

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Fig 8.15 : View of Market 01 Source : Author

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Vegetable Market The visual connection with the outdoor space can be seen in the view. The transition space from built to open is designed to be an active edge by providing sitting on the edge inviting people from inside to the outside.

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Fig 8.16 : View of Market 02 Source : Author

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1. Reception + Waiting Area 2. Help Desk 3. Toilet 4. Staff Area 5. Head office cabin 6. Pantry + Dining area 7. Staff Entry 8. Plantation 9. Retail Shops 10. Staff Parking 11. Bridge 12. Way to Rooftop Public Space Entry / Exit Point

11 2

12 Fig 8.17 : First Floor of Main market Source : Author

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25m

Main Market First Floor First floor consists of retail spaces and administrative functions. The administration is important body which maintains and runs the whole site. It solves problems of vendors, manages and sells the retail spaces, do regular maintenance of site and much more. Retail market is where you could find many varieties of different items.

Retail Spaces

Lounge Area

Office Area Fig 8.18 : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

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1. Seating Squares 2. Organic Seating 3. Stepped Seating 4. View Deck Entry / Exit Point

4 3

Fig 8.19 : Top floor of Main market Source : Author

198

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25m

Main Market Top Floor Top floor is designed as green, energetic public spaces with color full and varied shades which creates this dynamic mood of the space and indulge people to site and explore. Various inorganic sitting are to make the space much more comfortable, where people come sits, takes a good strawl around the roof, where children play, people could see good views in and around the sites. Moreover, the color shades convert itself into good lights in the night. Ultimately a fun space for people.

Rooftop Recreational Spaces Fig 8.20 : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

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Retail Shop

Fruit Market

Rooftop Recreational Area

Courtyard

Stepped Seating

Vegetable Market

Canteen

Detail Sections

Rooftop Recreational Area

Sections reflect the simplicity and functional behavior of a market. I have tried to play with volumes. The vegetable market have double height volume which also brings major day light to the building. Whereas the fruit market is lower in height reason being, the wind from south west would enter from openings at fruit market towards the vegetable market making a speed of wind coming from a smaller place to large place which circulate wind properly inside the market. Moreover, Outdoor market is designed keeping vendor in mind. If we look at the section a skylight is provided which gives light to the display items he is selling and a niche is given which could only access by the vendor to store his stuff at the end of the day.

Organic Seating

Skylight Retail Shops Seating + Loading/ Unloading

Vegetable Market Fig 8.21 : Detail Sections Source : Author

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Outdoor Market

Market Square

Pulses Market Ground Floor 1. Individual Vendor Area 2. Toilet Block 3. Loading / Unloading Platform 4. Loading / Unloading Area 5. Outdoor Market 6. Way to Retail Shops 7. Two wheeler Parking Entry / Exit Point

5 6 1 7 1

25m

Fig 8.22 : Ground floor of Pulses Market Source : Author

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View of Pulses, Grains & Spices Market Fig 8.23 : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

Market which provides pulses, grains and spices. Designing of this market is to create a large walking space separated by both sides shops of vendors. A whole shop for a vendor which consist selling area, display area, billing area. There are total 8 different vendors and different shops. Main entrance of the market is from the market square and many entries and exits are there. It also contains the stairway which lead to the retails spaces above.

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Pulses Market First Floor 1. Retail Shops 2. Toilet Block 3. Recreational / Green Area 4. Bridge Connecting Other Markets 5. Two Wheeler Parking Entry / Exit Point

3 1

1 4

Fig 8.24 : First floor of Pulses Market

25m

Source : Author

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203

Retail Market space Retail stores on the first floor of both the market blocks are interconnected with a bridge which is overlooking to both the squares and the main aisle of the complex.

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Fig 8.25 : View of Retail market Source : Author

Detail Section

Storage Area for Vendors

Skylight for proper lighting in Outdoor Market

Retail Shop

Cutout for Light to Penetrate inside

Green Area

Market Area Racks for Display of Various Spices and other items

Outdoor Market

Fig 8.26 : Detail Section Source : Author

Basement Parking

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Eateries Ground Floor

Ramp to Basement 6 m wide

1 :1

Restaurants is designed at the ground floor of eateries building. The opening of the restaurants is towards the roads attached with a wide pedestrian walkway making people to slip inside. The ramp adjoining it leads to the basement for parking.

1 4 2

Restaurant

5 6

4 2

Food Street

1 4

1. Seating Area 2. Reception + Waiting Area 3. Toilet 4. Kitchen Entry / Exit Point

Service Entry / Exit Point

25m Fig 8.27 : Ground floor of Eateries

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Source : Author

Fig 8.27(a) : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

5. Service Area 6. Food Street 7. Service Core 8. Loading / Unloading area

Food Street

Fig 8.28 : Night view of Food street Source : Author

The Public square of the Market Complex is a very diverse space having diversified functions. The space acts as food-street, public sitting and a transition space between various spaces of the complex.

Final Design Proposal

207

Food Street This narrow street aisle is an extended food street of the Public Square. This space looks very vibrant due to its vibrant colored semi-covered roofing. Shaded sitting space is provided at the center of this street.

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Fig 8.29 : Food Street Source : Author

Eateries First Floor

Fig 8.30 : First floor of Eateries Source : Author

1. Seating Area 2. Kitchen 3. Toilet 4. Service Core 5. Service Area

1 2

2 3 5

Entry / Exit Point

25m

Service Entry / Exit Point

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209

Food Court A Dynamic space on the external edge of the site facing the existing urban walkway which will act like an inviting element of the complex attracting people to enter the complex.

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Fig 8.31 : View of Food Court Source : Author

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Public Square A large open recreational space which serves as a major link connecting and joining the market functions with public functions. Many activities leads to this place and it will remain the most active space with all the hustle and bustle of people all day long.

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Fig 8.32 : View of Public Square Source : Author

Final Design Proposal

213

Fig 8.33 : Top floor of Eateries Source : Author

4 3

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25m

1. Seating Area 2. Kitchen 3. Toilet 4. Service Core 5. Overhead Water Tank

Entry / Exit Point Service Entry / Exit Point

Eateries Top Floor At the top floor is cafe where people could come in the evening and could enjoy the cold winds and lighted city views with a cup of hot coffee. The whole terrace is covered by wooden pergolas which provide shade in the afternoon and also it is covered by vegetation which furthers brings cool air and shade to cafe. Overall, a warm place to have a cup of coffee and some snacks.

Cafe Fig 8.34 : Visualizing Spaces Source : Author

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Basement Plan Basement Located at the northwest corner of the site below the eateries block and pulses, spices & retail market Total Capacity = 75 vehicles

1 :1

0R am

25m

1. Four Wheeler Parking 2. Two Wheeler Parking 3. Staff Parking 4. Service Core Entry / Exit Point Fig 8.35 : Basement Plan & Reference Plan Source : Author

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Detail Sections Planter which acts as a soft element on food court

Glass covering which makes the space semi cover and penetrates high amount of light Glass covering over the service area

Opening to provide light in the kitchen at day time

O.H.W.T

Seating Area Kitchen Planter with integrated sitting space for public

Restaurant Kitchen

Service Area Food Street

Public Walkway

Basement Fig 8.36 : Detail Section Source : Author

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217

Glass covering which makes the space semi cover and penetrates high amount of light

Frame Structure using metal elements

Wooden Pergola covering the roof top cafe

O.H.W.T

Cafe

Lift Shaft

Food Court

Restaurant

Stairs

Service Core

Fig 8.37 : Detail Section Source : Author

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Basement

Recreational Space

Fig 8.38 : View of Recreational Spaces Source : Author

An overlooking water element is provided on the southern part of the site which acts as recreational area and also as an climatic factor to keep the whole space cool.

Final Design Proposal 219

Recreational Space Sitting space provided on the periphery of the water element acts as a major leisure attraction for the public. While sitting various activities on the other side of the water-body is seen.

220

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Fig 8.39 : View of Recreational Spaces Source : Author

Final Design Proposal

221

Loading / Unloading Area A space having multipurpose and versatile abilities and could transform itself accordingly very well. At day the space is all spread by vendor unloading their supplies. At afternoon a silent place where vendors could eat their food and relax. The grass pavers makes the sense of continuity of recreational area to the market..

222

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Fig 8.40 : View of Loading / Unloading Area of Market Source : Author

Final Design Proposal

223

Rooftop Recreational Area A Dynamic spaces with lush greenery all along. Where people could come sit, enjoy, The colorful shade further brings color the area giving it a different feel and connected by this contrasting walkways making the space much more vivid.

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Fig 8.41 : View of Rooftop recreational spaces Source : Author

Final Design Proposal

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Other Details Structure The construction is designed in RCC frame structure. Different types and methods are used of frame work in the project. For large spans and double height space over main market are supported by Post tension beams that could span up-to 18 m of length. For smaller construction like outdoor market normal RCC construction is done. For the Restaurant block certain places shear walls are used to column less spaces which leads directly to basement.

Fig 8.42 : Post Tension Beams Source : https://www.utraconindia.com/post-tension-overview.html

Fig 8.43 : Shear Walls

Technology

Source : https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CF.1943-5509.0001012

Organic Waste Compositor Organic Waste compositing machine is a machine which converts all the organic green waste from the market to proper compost. It is located along with the garbage area. All the wastage from the market could be collected by cleaning workers at an regular time interval during the day. This compost could be use in the adjacent agriculture lands as well and the wastage could be converted into usage by sustainable means.

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Fig 8.44 : Organic Waste compositing machine Source : https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/f-125-organic-waste-composting-machine-6884213012.html

HVAC System To store the perishable items cold storages are used in the design. To maintain the lower temperatures certain HVAC systems are to be fit which contains a evaporator unit and condensing unit, Fig 8.45 shows the working of HVAC system in cold storage. Fig 8.45 : System of HVAC for Cold storages Source : https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/ cold-storage-condensing-units-and-evaporators-maintenance-19124011797.html

Materials Various materials are used collectively in the project. The intention for selecting the materials is to make project more resistance to wear and tear as it is highly used by people on daily basis. Material in cladding such as Red Agra is applied on the exterior facade of the market which gives a sense of warmth to surrounding a feeling of introverted street type market inside the complex. The areas such as outdoor market and loading / unloading areas are dealt with exposed RCC and plaster work which is habituated and resists day to day wear tear and also gives a feel of rawness. Spaces along the public square also done in the similar manner. The principal axis is paved with cobble stone which makes a sense of division are creates a sense of place by creating an introverted ambiance. In the eateries building corten steel is used in the facade which makes it a center of attraction for the people passing and leading them to the site . Each and every material has its own usage with respect to the design.

Concrete

Red Agra

Plaster

Corten Steel

Cobble Stone

Fig 8.46 : Materials

Final Design Proposal

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09 Chapter

End Chapter This section talks about the more wider solutions of my concept and some ending conclusions of the project.

228

Bigger Picture Conclusion References

229

Bigger Picture Above proposal only solves the problem of a particular area. But when I say Re-thinking and Re-imaging Ideology of markets it also refers to understand and to address the bigger problem which is currently the city is dealing with. A Bigger Picture gives a clarity of a solution at an more larger scale which is the urban scale of the Surat City. If we want to Re-think and Re-imagine the ideology of markets that goes through the city as a whole not at particular area. The major problem which I found in the markets are its irregular structure having a very uneven density which leads to increase in encroachments. So, the first step to taken here is a create a concept of ‘10 min Walk’ in which from every location their is a market at a distance of 10 min walking. So, for that imagine a circle of radius 800 m and in that area their must a market. This results to eliminate the gap of markets in the areas which automatically decreases the roadside encroachments because all that people could now be accommodate in the markets. Beside that in every zone a pass through system should be applied in which all the supplies that are collected at the wholesale market should be transfered and divided in sub-wholesale markets which are to alloted in every zone, from where the supplies is transported to all the markets in that particular zone. This results to reduce the load on one wholesale market for all the supplies. All the transitional wholesale markets or sub wholesale markets should be controlled by SMC only. Also, some parameters are to be set for the designing of such markets. Minimum area of sites for these markets would be 10,000 m2. Functions of these markets should also accommodate public spaces, green areas, eating spaces, urban spaces which could also create many micro urban centers within the city to help people with all leisure activities apart from market functions.

800 m Radius Circles ( 10 m Walking )

Fig 9.1 : Illustration of Concept Source : Author

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Location of Market

Fig 9.2 : An Example of Market Distribution Source : Author

The above Fig 9.2 Shows an example for market distribution all over the city in which the yellow highlighted area covered by the market. This are not the final locations of the markets but an example to showcase the concept. For better implementation of the a proper survey is required in the city which could identify all the potential sites in that zone. There are many markets which are old which needs to be renovate as well. At some places the density are very high and some places are low. This process will makes the homogeneous density all over the city and also makes the condition better all over the city. Making the markets connected within certain distance and time parameter also reduces amount of vehicles and road side parking problems in the city to some extent.

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Fig 9.3 : View of Public Square Source : Author

Conclusion At the end creating a space which serves day to day life of the people, giving them new levels of possibilities to experience normal spaces in much different and a broader way which could change the peoples perspective of thinking a marketplace. A space where people could feel the warmth of the traditional markets sufficing their leisure needs to. As an architect it becomes very important to break some monotonous stereotypes and give back the society to look at the day to day spaces with new excitement, joy and amusement. Thesis gives us the power to engrave solutions and tackle the problems which are invisible to most of the society.

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References 1. ASPECT Studios.(2017) Yagan Square. Retrieved from https://www. archdaily.com/897487/yagan-square-lyons-architects-plus-iredalepedersen-hook-architects-plus-aspect-studios?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_projects and https://archello.com/project/yagansquare 2. Archohm.(2016). Avadh Shilpgram. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily. com/793889/avadh-shilpgram-archohm 3. Health Bridge.(2010). Creating great public spaces in India. Retrieved from https://healthbridge.ca/images/uploads/library/HB_Partner_Case_ Studies_ESAF_Creating_Great_Public_Spaces_in_India_WEB-rgb.pdf 4. Koko Architects.(2017).Batlic Station Market. Retrieved from https:// www.archdaily.com/897487/yagan-square-lyons-architects-plus-iredalepedersen-hook-architects-plus-aspect-studios?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_projects 5. Parveen S.(2014). Surat: As a Major Port-Town of Gujarat and its Trade History. Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19issue5/Version-6/K019566973.pdf 6. Project for Public Spaces.(n.d.). What Makes a Successful Place? Retrieved from https://www.pps.org/article/grplacefeat 7. Project for Public Spaces.(2010). Endless Bounty: The Transformative Benefits of Public Markets. Retrieved from https://www.pps.org/article/ the-benefits-of-public-markets 8. Ruetas F.(n.d.). The Need for Public Spaces. Retrieved from https://www. re-thinkingthefuture.com/designing-for-typologies/a2583-the-need-forpublic-spaces/ 9. Saahil(2012). History Of Surat. Retrivied from https://historyinworld. blogspot.com/2012/05/history-of-surat.html 10. Surat Municipal Corporation.(n.d.). Introduction. Retrieved from https:// www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/TheCity/Introduction 11. Surat Municipal Corporation.(n.d.). History. Retrieved from https://www. suratmunicipal.gov.in/TheCity/History 12. Upadhyay R.(2017). The idea and evolution of Bazaars. Retrieved from https://urbanupdate.in/the-idea-and-evolution-of-bazaars/ [a] Sonawane M.(2012). Study of Existing Vegetable Marketing Channel with Special Emphasis on Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC), Dumbhal, Surat, THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE, 7(1), 78-81. [b] Data as per Surat Municipal Corporation

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