Religion & Faith Brochure

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Ahlan Wa Sahlan

Welcome to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, founded by King Abdullah I, and currently ruled by King Abdullah II son of the late King Hussein. Over the years, Jordan has grown into a stable, peaceful and modern country. While Jordan is known for the ancient Nabataean city of Petra,

carved from rock over 2000 years ago, it also offers much more for the modern traveller, from the Jordan Valley, fertile and ever changing, to the remote desert canyons, immense and still. Whether you are a thrill seeker, a historian, or you just want to relax, Jordan is the place for you.

Content Biblical Jordan Bethany Beyond the Jordan Madaba Mount Nebo Mukawir Tall Mar Elias Anjara Pella As-­Salt Umm Qays Umm Ar-­Rasas Jerash Petra Hisban The Dead Sea & Lot’s Cave Amman Aqaba The King’s Highway Letters of Acknowledgement Itineraries

2 4 6 8 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24

Jordan Tourism Board: Is open Sunday to Thursday (08:00-­17:00).

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BIBLICAL JORDAN The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has proven home to some of the most LQpXHQWLDO %LEOLFDO OHDGHUV RI WKH SDVW $EUDKDP -RE 0RVHV 5XWK (OLMDK -RKQ WKH %DSWLVW -HVXV &KULVW DQG 3DXO WR QDPH D IHZ $V WKH RQO\ DUHD ZLWKLQ WKH +RO\ /DQG YLVLWHG E\ DOO RI WKHVH JUHDW LQGLYLGXDOV -RUGDQ breathes with the histories recorded in the Holy Bible. 7KURXJK WKH ZRUGV RI WKH SURSKHWV $EUDKDP -RE DQG 0RVHV LQ WKH %LEOH V 2OG 7HVWDPHQW WKLV ODQG LV ZKHUH *RG oUVW PDQLIHVWHG +LPVHOI WR PDQ +HUH $GDP DQG (YH PD\ KDYH VWRRG LQ WKH IRUPHU *DUGHQ RI (GHQ LQ DQ DUHD DORQJ WKH QRUWKZHVW EDQN RI WKH 5LYHU -RUGDQ QRZ known as Beysan (Beth-­shean). When Cain killed his brother Abel and ZDV EDQLVKHG E\ *RG WR WKH DUHD kHDVW RI (GHQy KH PD\ ZHOO KDYH VRXJKW VKHOWHU DW RQH RI WKH WKUHH VLWHV HDVW RI WKH 5LYHU -RUGDQ ZKLFK ODWHU become known as the ‘Cities of Refuge’.

Aaron’s Tomb

,W ZDV LQ -RUGDQ ZKHUH WKH SURSKHW 0RVHV MRXUQH\HG ZLWK WKH ,VUDHOLWHV where John the Baptist heralded in the New Testament of the Christian

IDLWK DQG ZKHUH -HVXV &KULVW WKULYHG 7KLV VSLULWXDO DUHD ZDV NQRZQ DV WKH k3ODLQV RI 0RDEy LQ WKH 2OG 7HVWDPHQW DQG k3HUDHDy LQ WKH 1HZ 7HVWDPHQW ,W VSDQV D ZLGH UHDFK IURP WKH (DVW EH\RQG WKH IDPRXV EDSWLVPDO ULYHU WR the West on the shores of the Dead Sea.

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7UXO\ WKH KLVWRU\ -RUGDQ KROGV LV LPPHQVH 7KLV LV ZKHUH -DFRE ZUHVWOHG ZLWK WKH $QJHO RI *RG ZKHUH /RW V ZLIH ZDV WXUQHG LQWR D SLOODU RI VDOW ZKHUH -RE ZDV WHVWHG DQG UHZDUGHG IRU KLV IDLWK and where Elijah ascended to heaven. This is the land through which Moses led the Israelites on WKHLU pLJKW IURP (J\SW ZKHUH KH GHOLYHUHG *RG V /DZ WKH VLWH RI -HVXV EDSWLVP WKH JDWKHULQJ JURXQGV RI WKH oUVW GLVFLSOHV DQG ZKHUH WKH +RO\ 7ULQLW\ WKH )DWKHU 6RQ DQG +RO\ 6SLULW manifested itself.

Baptism Site

DID YOU KNOW? In the Book of Genesis, God refers to the Jordan River Valley around the Dead Sea as the “Garden of the Lord,� and it is believed to be the location of the Garden of Eden.

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-RUGDQ ERDVWV VRPH RI WKH ZRUOG V HDUOLHVW FKXUFKHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH QG RU UG FHQWXU\ CSUD\HU KDOO DW %HWKDQ\ %H\RQG WKH -RUGDQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ FKXUFK DW 8PP 4D\V DQG WKH UHPDLQV RI ZKDW LV EHOLHYHG WR EH WKH ROGHVW SXUSRVH EXLOW FKXUFK LQ WKH ZRUOG LQ $TDED 7KH WK FHQWXU\ %\]DQWLQH FKXUFK RI 6W *HRUJH LQ 0DGDED LV KRPH WR WKH ZRUOG UHQRZQHG PRVDLF pRRU PDS RI -HUXVDOHP DQG WKH +RO\ /DQG 0RVW RI WKH +RO\ VLWHV LQ -RUGDQ KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLoHG DQG H[FDYDWHG and are easily accessible to visitors.

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BETHANY BEYOND THE JORDAN 7KH VLWH DFNQRZOHGJHG ERWK LQ WKH %LEOH DQG %\]DQWLQH DQG 0HGLHYDO WH[WV KDV EHHQ LGHQWLoHG WR H[WHQG IURP 7HOO DO .KDUUDU (OLMDK V +LOO 7DOO 0DU (OLDV LQ $UDELF WR WKH -RKQ WKH %DSWLVW &KXUFK DUHD RQ WKH HDVWHUQ EDQN RI WKH 5LYHU -RUGDQ Tell al-­Kharrar is the same place from which Elijah is believed to have ascended to KHDYHQ LQ D ZKLUOZLQG RQ D FKDULRW RI oUH 7KRXJK -HVXV &KULVW V GLYLQLW\ ZDV DFNQRZOHGJHG EHIRUH KLV ELUWK KH GLGQ W ODXQFK his public ministry at Bethany Beyond the Jordan until the age of 30. During his WKUHH GD\ VWD\ DW %HWKDQ\ -HVXV SUD\HG WR *RG IRU WKH oUVW WLPH DQG JDWKHUHG KLV oUVW GLVFLSOHV q 6LPRQ 3HWHU $QGUHZ 3KLOLS DQG 1DWKDQDHO %HWKDQ\ IRUPHG SDUW RI WKH HDUO\ &KULVWLDQ SLOJULPDJH URXWH EHWZHHQ -HUXVDOHP WKH -RUGDQ 5LYHU DQG 0RXQW 1HER 7RGD\ WKH DUHD V $UDELF QDPH LV DO 0DJKWDV q 7KH 3ODFH RI %DSWLVP ,Q VWXQQLQJ DUFKDHRORJLFDO GLVFRYHULHV LGHQWLoHG WKLV DV WKH H[DFW VLWH ZKHUH -RKQ KDG EHHQ OLYLQJ DQG FDUU\LQJ RXW KLV EDSWLVPV 3RWWHU\ FRLQV VWRQH REMHFWV DQG DUFKLWHFWXUDO UHPDLQV FRQoUP WKH VLWH ZDV XVHG LQ WKH HDUO\ VW FHQWXU\ $' GXULQJ WKH WLPH RI -HVXV DQG -RKQ Bethany Beyond the Jordan

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7KH UG FHQWXU\ 5RPDQ EXLOGLQJ GHFRUDWHG ZLWK PRVDLFV LV EHOLHYHG WR EH DQ HDUO\ &KULVWLDQ C3UD\HU +DOO q SUREDEO\ WKH HDUOLHVW EXLOGLQJ IRU WKLV VSHFLoF XVH WR KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLoHG DQ\ZKHUH LQ WKH ZRUOG &ORVHU WR WKH -RUGDQ 5LYHU DUH WKH UHPDLQV RI oYH PHPRULDO FKXUFKHV built by early believers. Records of such churches remained throughout WKH ,VODPLF SHULRGV D VLJQ RI FRQWLQXHG &KULVWLDQ 0XVOLP FRH[LVWHQFH in Jordan. Pope John Paul II visited Bethany Beyond the Jordan during his 0DUFK SLOJULPDJH WR -RUGDQ DQG WKH +RO\ /DQG DQG LW ZDV GHVLJQDWHG as a Jubilee Year 2000 pilgrimage site by the Catholic Church in the Middle (DVW DORQJ ZLWK 0RXQW 1HER 0XNDZLU 7DOO 0DU (OLDV DQG $QMDUD

Directions 7DNH WKH 'HDG 6HD +LJKZD\ :KHQ \RX UHDFK WKH 6XZD\PHK ,QWHUVHFWLRQ WDNH D ULJKW WXUQ QRUWKERXQG IROORZLQJ WKH VLJQV WR WKH VLWH %HWKDQ\ LV around 45 minutes away from Amman. For further details please refer to: www.baptismsite.com Churches at Bethany

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MADABA .QRZQ LQ WKH 2OG 7HVWDPHQW DV 0HGHED 0DGDED DQG LWV KLQWHUODQGV DUH located in central Jordan. These lands were featured in narratives related to 0RVHV DQG WKH ([RGXV 'DYLG V ZDU DJDLQVW WKH 0RDELWHV ,VDLDK V RUDFOH DJDLQVW 0RDE DQG .LQJ 0HVKD RI 0RDE V UHEHOOLRQ DJDLQVW ,VUDHO 6RPH RI WKH oQHVW DUW RI WKH HDUO\ &KULVWLDQ FHQWXULHV FDQ VWLOO EH VHHQ LQ 0DGDED DQG LWV VXUURXQGLQJ UHJLRQV %HWZHHQ WKH WK DQG WK FHQWXULHV $' the prosperous ecclesiastical center of Madaba produced one of the world’s ULFKHVW FROOHFWLRQV RI %\]DQWLQH PRVDLFV PDQ\ RI ZKLFK DUH ZHOO SUHVHUYHG 6HYHUDO FKXUFK pRRU PRVDLFV FDQ VWLOO EH VHHQ LQ WKHLU RULJLQDO ORFDWLRQV ZKLOH others are displayed in the Madaba Archaeological Park. The park houses -RUGDQ V ROGHVW PRVDLF q D VW FHQWXU\ %& pRRU IURP WKH +HURGLDQ SDODFH fortress at Machaerus.

Mosaic Detail in Madaba

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Directions Take the Airport Highway south from Amman. After DERXW NP WXUQ ZHVWZDUG IROORZLQJ WKH VLJQV Madaba is 45 minutes away from Amman.

DID YOU KNOW? In keeping with Jordan’s commitment to restore and preserve its mosaic masterpieces, Madaba’s extensive Archaeological Park and Museum complex encompasses the remains of several Byzantine churches, including the outstanding mosaics of the Church of the Virgin and the Hyppolytus Hall, part of a 6th century mansion.

Saint George church

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Serpentine Cross

-RVKXD 0RVHV VXFFHVVRU FURVVHG WKH -RUGDQ 5LYHU ZLWK KLV SHRSOH DW D SRLQW GLUHFWO\ RSSRVLWH -HULFKR 7RGD\ WKLV IRUG LV NQRZQ DV %HWKDEDUD RU Beit ‘Abarah (house of the crossing). It is believed this may be the same ford NQRZQ LQ WKH %LEOH DV %HWK EDUDK %HWK DUDEDK DQG %HWKDQ\ %H\RQG WKH -RUGDQ 7KLV KDV ORQJ EHHQ LGHQWLoHG DV WKH SODFH ZKHUH FHQWXULHV ODWHU WKH SURSKHWV (OLMDK DQG (OLVKD GLYLGHG WKH -RUGDQ V ZDWHUV kWR ULJKW DQG WR OHIWy and crossed to the eastern bank of the river.

Mount Nebo became a place of pilgrimage for early Christians from -HUXVDOHP and a small church was built there in the 4th century to commemorate the HQG RI 0RVHV OLIH 7KRXJK WKH FKXUFK ZDV H[SDQGHG LQ WKH WK DQG WK FHQWXULHV VRPH RI WKH RULJLQDO VWRQHV UHPDLQ

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7KH 6HUSHQWLQH &URVV ZKLFK VWDQGV MXVW RXWVLGH WKH VDQFWXDU\ LV V\PEROLF RI WKH EURQ]H RU EUD]HQ VHUSHQW WDNHQ E\ 0RVHV LQWR WKH GHVHUW DV ZHOO DV WKH FURVV XSRQ ZKLFK -HVXV ZDV FUXFLoHG 7KH FXUDWLYH VHUSHQW ZUDSSHG DURXQG D SROH GHVLJQDWHG WR VSDUH WKH ,VUDHOLWH IROORZHUV IURP GHDWK ZRXOG ODWHU EHFRPH the symbol of the pharmaceutical industry.

Historical Display

,Q WKH \HDU WKH ODWH 3RSH -RKQ 3DXO ,, FRPPHPRUDWHG WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH QHZ PLOOHQQLXP ZLWK D VSLULWXDO SLOJULPDJH WR WKH +RO\ /DQG VWDUWLQJ KLV visit with prayers in the basilica at Mount Nebo. The viewing platform erected for Pope John Paul’s visit remains and is used by pilgrims to enjoy the same panoramic scene. Mount Nebo was designated as a Jubilee Year 2000 pilgrimage site by the &DWKROLF &KXUFK LQ WKH 0LGGOH (DVW DORQJ ZLWK %HWKDQ\ %H\RQG WKH -RUGDQ 0XNDZLU 7DOO 0DU (OLDV DQG $QMDUD

Directions 7DNH WKH $LUSRUW +LJKZD\ GLUHFWO\ WR 0DGDED URDG VLJQV ZLOO OHDG \RX ZHVWZDUG IURP 0DGDED WR 0RXQW 1HER ZKLFK LV DERXW PLQXWHV DZD\ Mosaic Detail

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MUKAWIR MUKAWIR

7KH VW &HQWXU\ $' 5RPDQ -HZLVK KLVWRULDQ -RVHSKXV LGHQWLoHG WKH DZH inspiring site of Machaerus (modern-­day Mukawir) as the palace-­fortress of +HURG $QWLSDV WKH 5RPDQ DSSRLQWHG UHJLRQDO UXOHU GXULQJ WKH OLIH RI -HVXV &KULVW ,W ZDV KHUH DW WKLV KLOOWRS IRUWLoHG SDODFH RYHUORRNLQJ WKH 'HDG 6HD region and the distant hills of Palestine and Israel that Herod imprisoned and EHKHDGHG -RKQ WKH %DSWLVW k+H ZDV EHKHDGHG DIWHU 6DORPH V IDWHIXO GDQFHy Matthew 14:3-­11. /LNH LWV VLVWHU VLWH 0DVDGD RQ WKH RSSRVLWH VLGH RI WKH 'HDG 6HD 0DFKDHUXV ZDV DOVR WKH VFHQH RI D 5RPDQ VLHJH GXULQJ WKH oUVW -HZLVK UHYROW DJDLQVW Rome. The site is easily reached by car from Madaba. Mukawir is also one of the designated pilgrimage sites for the year 2000. The top of Mountain of Mukawir overlooks a breathtaking view of the Dead Sea. The summit can be reached after climbing a winding staircase up the mountain.

Directions Mukawir

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TALL MAR ELIAS, ANJARA TALL MAR ELIAS

Tall Mar Elias

$VVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH 3URSKHW (OLMDK 7DOO 0DU (OLDV LV very close to the ruins of a village known as Listib. It is EHOLHYHG WKDW WKLV SODFH ZDV IRUPHUO\ 7LVKEL WKH KRPH RI (OLMDK D QDWLYH RI *LOLDG LQ 7UDQVMRUGDQ .LQJV 7KH SUHVHQFH RI WZR FKXUFKHV EXLOW RQ WKH 7DOO KLOOWRS DW WKH HQG RI WKH %\]DQWLQH SHULRG VXEVWDQWLDWHV WKH fact that this was a religious site. It is believed that Elijah’s ascension to Heaven in a FKDULRW RI oUH WRRN SODFH DW :DGL $O .KDUUDU LQ %HWKDQ\ Beyond the Jordan. Referred to in the Bible as ‘Barreya’ LQ $UDELF C3HUHD LQ )UHQFK DQG CWKH GHVHUW LQ (QJOLVK many scholars believe this to be the Holy place that was YLVLWHG E\ 0RVHV (OLMDK -RKQ WKH %DSWLVW DQG -HVXV &KULVW 7KH VLWH DW 7DOO 0DU (OLDV LQFOXGHV H[WHQVLYH DUFKLWHFWXUDO UHPDLQV VFDWWHUHG DFURVV WKH VXPPLW RI WKH KLOO WKDW ULVHV DERYH /LVWLE WR WKH VRXWKHDVW

Directions Anjara Church

ANJARA 7KH DQFLHQW WRZQ RI $QMDUD LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH KLOOV RI *LOHDG HDVW RI WKH -RUGDQ 9DOOH\ 7KH %LEOH PDNHV PHQWLRQ RI WKLV WRZQ DV D SODFH ZKHUH -HVXV KLV PRWKHU Mary and his disciples passed through and rested in a nearby cave. 7KH FDYH ZKLFK KDV ORQJ EHHQ D +RO\ SODFH IRU SLOJULPV KDV QRZ EHHQ commemorated with the Church of Our Lady of the Mountain. The cave was DOVR GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH &DWKROLF &KXUFKHV RI WKH 0LGGOH (DVW DV RQH RI WKH oYH

DID YOU KNOW? Pella is known to have been inhabited for most of the past 6,000 years, mainly due to its strategic location at the junction of north-­south and east-­ west trade routes. It was named ‘Pella’ during the Hellenistic period when the soldiers of Alexander the Great named their settlements after their leader’s Macedonian birthplace.

7HOO 0DU (OLDV LV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ NP QRUWKZHVW RI $PPDQ DQG DSSUR[LPDWHO\ NP QRUWKZHVW RI $MOXQ SLOJULPDJH VLWHV IRU WKH <HDU 7KH RWKHUV ZHUH 0RXQW 1HER 0DFKDHUXV 7DOO 0DU (OLDV QHDU $MOXQ DQG %HWKDQ\ %H\RQG WKH -RUGDQ

Directions 7DNH WKH -HUDVK ,UELG +LJKZD\ QRUWK IURP $PPDQ $W WKH HQWUDQFH WR -HUDVK MXVW EHIRUH WKH UXLQV IROORZ WKH VLJQV LQGLFDWLQJ WKH URDG ZHVWZDUG WR $QMDUD $QMDUD LV PLQXWHV away from Jerash.

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PELLA, AS-SALT PELLA

Pella

6RPH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW HYHQWV LQ WKH OLYHV RI ,VDDF V WZLQ VRQV -DFRE DQG (VDX took place in ancient Jordan. The sites of Penuel (modern-­day Pella) and Mahanaim were where Jacob stopped GXULQJ KLV pLJKW IURP 0HVRSRWDPLD WR &DQDDQ 7KH\ KDYH ORQJ EHHQ LGHQWLoHG ZLWK WZR VLWHV LQ QRUWK FHQWUDO -RUGDQ 7HOXO HG 'DKDE DO *KDUEL DQG 7HOXO HG Dahab al-­Sharqi (the eastern and western hills of gold). A massive Bronze and Iron Age temple recently discovered at Pella is thought to be the best-­preserved temple from Old Testament times anywhere in the Holy Land. The discovery strongly indicates that Pella is the site of ancient Penuel. ,Q ,VODPLF WLPHV 3HOOD WKHQ NQRZQ DV 7DEDTHW )DKO ZLWQHVVHG D GHFLVLYH EDWWOH between Muslims and Christian Romans.

Directions 7DNH WKH -RUGDQ 9DOOH\ 5RDG QRUWKERXQG UHDFKHG HLWKHU E\ 'HDG 6HD +LJKZD\ WKURXJK 1DXU RU WKH $UGD URXWH WKURXJK 6DOW WKLV URXWH LV VKRUWHU KRXU DZD\ from Amman.

As-­Salt

AS-SALT -RE LV RQH RI WKH HDUOLHVW SDWULDUFKDO oJXUHV LQ WKH %LEOH ZKRVH ERRN LV RQH RI WKH ZRUOG V JUHDW PDVWHUSLHFHV RI UHOLJLRXV OLWHUDWXUH 7KH &LW\ RI $V 6DOW QRUWKZHVW RI -RUGDQ V FDSLWDO $PPDQ KRXVHV WKH WRPE VKULQH RI -RE 7KH VWRU\ RI -RE ZKR HQGXUHG JUHDW KDUGVKLSV LV UHJDUGHG DV RQH RI WKH ROGHVW LQ WKH %LEOH

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$V 6DOW LV DOVR WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH WRPE VKULQH RI WKH SURSKHW -HWKUR ZKR ZDV 0RVHV IDWKHU LQ ODZ )XUWKHUPRUH LW LV WKH VLWH RI WKH WRPEV RI -DFRE V VRQV -DG and Asher.

Directions 'ULYH NP WR WKH QRUWKZHVW RI $PPDQ DERXW PLQXWHV IROORZLQJ WKH signs.

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Umm Qays Umm Qays 8PP 4D\V LV D VSHFWDFXODU GHVWLQDWLRQ D FRPELQDWLRQ RI $QFLHQW *UDHFR 5RPDQ UXLQV LQWHUWZLQHG ZLWK houses of an Ottoman village. Many of the structures RI 8PP 4D\V DUH EXLOW ZLWK EODFN EDVDOW VWRQH JLYLQJ the city a grand and unique feel. 'XULQJ WKH WLPH RI WKH 1HZ 7HVWDPHQW QRUWKHUQ Jordan was the region of the Roman Decapolis PHDQLQJ CWHQ FLWLHV LQ *UHHN 7KLV LV WKH SODFH where Jesus taught the people about the Kingdom of *RG DQG SHUIRUPHG KLV PLUDFOHV

Umm Qays $ UDUH oYH DLVOHG EDVLOLFD IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ ZDV UHFHQWO\ GLVFRYHUHG DQG H[FDYDWHG DW 8PP 4D\V )URP WKH LQWHULRU FKXUFK RQH FDQ VS\ D Roman-­Byzantine tomb over which the church was built. Such a distinctive architectural arrangement strongly indicates that it was built to commemorate the very spot where the Byzantine faithful believed that Jesus performed his miracle.

7KH ROG 'HFDSROLV FLW\ RI *DGDUD PRGHUQ GD\ 8PP 4D\V boasts spectacular panoramic views overlooking the Sea RI *DOLOHH ,W LV KHUH WKDW -HVXV SHUIRUPHG WKH PLUDFOH RI WKH *DGDUHQH VZLQH FDVWLQJ VSLULWV RXW RI D GHPHQWHG PDQ DQG LQWR D KHUG RI SLJV ZKLFK WKHQ UDQ GRZQ WKH KLOO LQWR WKH ZDWHUV RI WKH 6HD RI *DOLOHH DQG GURZQHG

DID YOU KNOW? Evidence of the Nabataeans at Petra was already dwindling and when Christianity spread across the Byzantine Empire, Petra became the seat of a bishopric and a monument was converted to a church -­ the Urn Tomb. Recent excavations have exposed three churches, one of them paved with coloured mosaics.

Directions Take the Jerash-­Irbid Highway north from Amman. Upon reaching the city of Irbid DQ KRXU GULYH IROORZ WKH VLJQV WKDW ZLOO WDNH \RX WR 8PP 4D\V 8PP 4D\V LV around 60 minutes away from Irbid.

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UMM AR-RASAS UMM AR-RASAS This rectangular walled city is mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments RI WKH %LEOH ,W ZDV IRUWLoHG E\ WKH 5RPDQV DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\ HPEHOOLVKHG E\ local Christians with Byzantine-­style mosaics over 100 years into the start of WKH 0XVOLP 8PD\\DG UXOH 0RVW RI WKH FLW\ QRZ OLHV LQ UXLQV EXW WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO VWUXFWXUHV LQ LWV HDVWHUQ SDUW WKDW KDYH EHHQ H[FDYDWHG DQG UHVWRUHG Just outside the city walls is the recently unearthed Church of Saint Stephen. ,WV SHUIHFWO\ SUHVHUYHG RXWVWDQGLQJ PRVDLF pRRU LV WKH ODUJHVW RI LWV NLQG WR EH GLVFRYHUHG LQ -RUGDQ VHFRQG RQO\ WR WKH ZRUOG IDPRXV PRVDLF PDS DW 0DGDED The mosaic depicts the images of 27 Old and New Testament cities of the Holy /DQG ERWK HDVW DQG ZHVW RI WKH 5LYHU -RUGDQ Just 2km north of Umm Ar-­Rasas is the highest standing ancient tower in -RUGDQ ULVLQJ P KLJK ZLWK QR GRRU RU LQQHU VWDLUFDVH %HOLHYHG WR KDYH EHHQ XVHG DV D SODFH RI VROLWXGH E\ HDUO\ &KULVWLDQ PRQNV WRGD\ LW LV LQKDELWHG RQO\ E\ pRFNV RI ELUGV Mosaic Detail

Directions 6RXWK RI 0DGDED LQ WKH WRZQ RI 'KLEDQ D URDG OHDGLQJ HDVW WDNHV \RX WR WKH VLWH $OWHUQDWLYHO\ \RX FDQ OHDYH $PPDQ RQ WKH 'HVHUW +LJKZD\ SDVVLQJ 4DVWDO DQG -L]D DQG WXUQ ZHVW VKRUWO\ DIWHU 'DE D

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JERASH JERASH -HUDVK IRUPHUO\ NQRZQ DV *HUDVD LV LQGLVSXWDEO\ WKH PRVW FRPSOHWH DQG EHVW SUHVHUYHG *UDHFR 5RPDQ FLW\ LQ WKH 0LGGOH (DVW QRWHG LQ WKH %LEOH DV WKH kUHJLRQ RI WKH *DUDVHQHVy 0DUN /XNH 8:26). ,Q D ODUJH HFFOHVLDVWLFDO FRPSOH[ ZLWKLQ WKH FLW\ there is a fountain where Byzantine citizens once annually celebrated Jesus’ miracle of turning ZDWHU LQWR ZLQH 7RGD\ WKH k)RXQWDLQ &RXUWy within Jerash is a popular destination for modern pilgrims who want to re-­enact the travels and teachings of Christ.

Hadrian’s Gate

7KH FRORQQDGHG VWUHHWV SOD]DV WHPSOHV SDYHG SDWKZD\V WKHDWUHV DQG oIWHHQ %\]DQWLQH FKXUFKHV make Jerash the second most important historical GHVWLQDWLRQ IRU WRXULVWV LQ -RUGDQ DIWHU 3HWUD

DID YOU KNOW? As they were leaving the EXUQLQJ FLW\ RI 6RGRP /RW V ZLIH GLVREH\HG *RG V order not to look back and was turned into a pillar of VDOW *HQHVLV /RW and his two daughters VXUYLYHG DQG pHG WR D FDYH near the small town of =RDU PRGHUQ GD\ 6Do ,Q WKH %RRN RI *HQHVLV *RG UHIHUV WR WKH -RUGDQ River Valley around the 'HDG 6HD DV WKH k*DUGHQ RI WKH /RUG y DQG LW LV believed to be the location RI WKH *DUGHQ RI (GHQ

-RUGDQ KDV D UDSLGO\ GHYHORSLQJ oQH DUWV VFHQH DQG $PPDQ LQ SDUWLFXODU LV KRPH Directions to several excellent galleries and exhibition centers. These transformed the Take the northbound Amman-­Jerash Highway. Follow thehave signs. Jerash is just into aaway focalfrom pointAmman. for local and international artists who regularly exhibit 45city minutes here.

15

PETRA PETRA 'XULQJ WKH WLPH RI -HVXV DQG WKH $SRVWOHV RQH RI WKH (DVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ V JUHDWHVW WUDGLQJ FHQWHUV ZDV ORFDWHG LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ FLW\ RI 3HWUD 7KLV H[WHQVLYH URFN FXW FDSLWDO RI WKH 1DEDWDHDQ .LQJGRP pRXULVKHG GXULQJ 1DEDWDHDQ UXOH IURP WKH UG FHQWXU\ %& WR WKH HDUO\ QG FHQWXU\ $' ZKHQ LW ZDV RFFXSLHG E\ WKH 5RPDQ (PSHURU 7UDMDQ The Bible’s Old Testament seems to make mention of Petra under several SRVVLEOH QDPHV LQFOXGLQJ 6HOD DQG -RNWKHHO .LQJV 'XULQJ WKH ([RGXV 0RVHV DQG WKH ,VUDHOLWHV SDVVHG WKURXJK WKH 3HWUD DUHD LQ (GRP 0RVHV ZDV QHYHU DOORZHG WR HQWHU WKH +RO\ /DQG DV KH GLVREH\HG *RG V FRPPDQGV WR VSHDN WR D URFN WR EULQJ IRUWK ZDWHU FKRRVLQJ WR VWULNH LW LQVWHDG (Numbers 20:10-­24). Local tradition says that the spring at Wadi Musa (Valley RI 0RVHV MXVW RXWVLGH 3HWUD LV WKLV VDPH SODFH

Ad Deir (The Monastery) ZHUH EXLOW RQ WKH VXPPLW RI WKH PRXQWDLQ ZKLFK WRGD\ DWWUDFWV SLOJULPV IURP DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG $DURQ LV EHVW UHPHPEHUHG IRU WKH EHDXWLIXO EOHVVLQJ WKDW *RG commanded him to give people: /DWHU 3HWUD ZDV DOPRVW FHUWDLQO\ WKH ODVW VWDJLQJ SRVW RI WKH WKUHH NLQJV ZKR WRRN IUDQNLQFHQVH JROG DQG P\UUK WR KRQRU WKH EDE\ -HVXV LQ %HWKOHKHP 0DWWKHZ 7KH .LQJ $UHWDV PHQWLRQHG LQ &RULQWKLDQV ZDV D Nabataean king who ruled Petra.

16

$DURQ WKH oUVW +LJK 3ULHVW RI WKH %LEOH DQG WKH EURWKHU RI 0RVHV DQG 0LULDP GLHG LQ -RUGDQ DQG ZDV EXULHG LQ 3HWUD DW 0RXQW +RU QRZ FDOOHG -DEDO +DUXQ LQ $UDELF 0RXQW $DURQ $ %\]DQWLQH FKXUFK DQG ODWHU DQ ,VODPLF VKULQH WRPE

Directions 7DNH WKH 'HVHUW +LJKZD\ VRXWKERXQG $IWHU NP WXUQ ULJKW IROORZLQJ the signs indicating the route to the city. Petra is about 3 hours from away Amman.

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HISBAN HISBAN +LVEDQ LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH HGJH RI WKH KLJKODQG SODWHDX overlooking the northern tip of the Dead Sea and the Lower Jordan Valley. 0RGHUQ GD\ +LVEDQ LV ZLGHO\ LGHQWLoHG ZLWK RQH RI WKH &LWLHV RI WKH 3ODLQ +HVKERQ GXH WR WKH VLPLODULW\ LQ WKHLU names (Numbers 21:26). Formerly ruled by the Amorite .LQJ 6LKRQ WKLV UHJLRQ RI FHQWUDO -RUGDQ ZDV UHIHUHQFHG LQ WKH 6RQJ RI 6RORPRQ k{\RXU H\HV DUH OLNH SRROV LQ +HVKERQy /DWHU IRUWLoHG LQ WKH 5RPDQ %\]DQWLQH SHULRG +LVEDQ DOVR FDOOHG (VEXV ZDV DQ LPSRUWDQW VWDWLRQ RQ HDUO\ &KULVWLDQ pilgrims’ route from Jerusalem to Mount Nebo via the Jordan River.

Cave at Hisban

0RGHUQ +LVEDQ YLOODJH LV WKH oUVW PDMRU DQWLTXLWLHV VLWH on the King’s Highway south of Amman. Some scholars

DID YOU KNOW? Six tombs, from different periods, have been found hollowed out of the rock beneath the mosaic-­ FRYHUHG pRRU RI WKH 0RVHV Memorial Church at Mount Nebo. In the present presbytery you can see remnants of mosaics, the earliest of which is a panel with a braided cross. The Serpentine Cross, which stands just outside the sanctuary, is symbolic of the brass serpent taken by Moses into the desert and the cross upon which Jesus ZDV FUXFLoHG

-RUGDQ KDV D UDSLGO\ GHYHORSLQJ oQH DUWV VFHQH DQG $PPDQ LQ SDUWLFXODU LV KRPH EHOLHYH WKDW WKH QHDUE\ 7HOO -DOXO LV D EHWWHU FDQGLGDWH IRU DQFLHQW +HVKERQ %RWK VLWHV RQO\ PLQXWHV E\ FDU excellent IURP $PPDQ KDYH H[FDYDWHG DQG FDQ EH have HDVLO\ YLVLWHG 7HOO the RI to several galleries andEHHQ exhibition centers. These transformed +LVEDQ KDV EHHQ HTXLSSHG ZLWK VLJQV DQG ZDONZD\V WKDW DOORZ YLVLWRUV WR DSSUHFLDWH LWV city into a focal point for local and international artists who regularly exhibit PDQ\ DQFLHQW UHPDLQV IURP WKH ,URQ $JH *UDHFR 5RPDQ %\]DQWLQH DQG PHGLHYDO ,VODPLF here. periods. Directions 7DNH WKH 1DXU 5RDG IURP WKH 'HDG 6HD +LJKZD\ +LVEDQ LV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ PLQXWHV away from Amman.

17

THE DEAD SEA & LOT’S CAVE THE DEAD SEA & LOT’S CAVE 7KH 'HDG 6HD LV RQH RI WKH PRVW GUDPDWLF SODFHV RQ (DUWK ZLWK LWV VWXQQLQJ natural environment equally matched by its powerful spiritual symbolism. 7KH %LEOH YDULRXVO\ FDOOV LW WKH k6HD RI $UDEDKy WKH k6DOW 6HDy RU WKH k(DVWHUQ 6HDy 0HGLDHYDO WH[WV UHIHU WR LW DV kWKH 'HYLO V 6HDy EXW WKH $UDE SHRSOH KDYH always known it as Bahr Lut (Lot’s Sea). 7KH LQIDPRXV 6RGRP DQG *RPRUUDK DQG RWKHU FLWLHV RI WKH 'HDG 6HD 3ODLQ ZHUH subject to some of the most dramatic and enduring Old Testament stories. In *HQHVLV *RG VDLG KH ZRXOG GHVWUR\ WKH FLWLHV RI 6RGRP DQG *RPRUUDK EHFDXVH of the inhabitant’s wicked and arrogant ways. But Abraham successfully DUJXHG ZLWK *RG WKDW /RW DQG DQ\ RWKHU ULJKWHRXV SHRSOH VKRXOG EH VSDUHG /RW DQG KLV WZR GDXJKWHUV VXUYLYHG DQG pHG VHHNLQJ UHIXJH LQ D FDYH RQ D KLOOVLGH QHDU WKH VPDOO WRZQ RI =RDU PRGHUQ GD\ 6Do +HUH DURXQG WKLV VDPH FDYH %\]DQWLQH &KULVWLDQV EXLOW D FKXUFK DQG PRQDVWHU\ GHGLFDWHG WR 6DLQW /RW 7KH PRQDVWHU\ FRPSOH[ KDV EHHQ H[FDYDWHG DQG FDQ HDVLO\ EH YLVLWHG WRGD\ Salt Formations +RZHYHU DV WKH\ ZHUH OHDYLQJ WKH EXUQLQJ FLW\ RI 6RGRP /RW V ZLIH GLVREH\HG *RG V RUGHU QRW WR ORRN EDFN DQG ZDV WXUQHG LQWR D SLOODU RI VDOW *HQHVLV $ URFN IRUPDWLRQ VWDQGV QHDU WKH 'HDG 6HD VDLG WR EH WKH UHPDLQV RI WKH salt pillar that was Lot’s wife.

18

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Lot’s Cave

Salt Pillars

The events in the lives of Abraham and Lot probably took place during the Early or Middle Bronze Age DURXQG %& $OWKRXJK QRW FRQoUPHG WKH remains of the ancient walled towns of Bab ed-­Dhra’ DQG 1XPHLUD LQ WKH VRXWKHDVWHUQ 'HDG 6HD FHQWUDO SODLQ DUH EHOLHYHG WR EH WKH VLWHV RI WKH FLWLHV RI 6RGRP DQG *RPRUUDK 7KH\ both still show evidence RI GHVWUXFWLRQ E\ D oUH ZKLFK WRRN SODFH LQ WKH (DUO\ %URQ]H $JH DIWHU ZKLFK WKH\ ZHUH QHYHU UH LQKDELWHG 7KH WKUHH RWKHU &LWLHV RI WKH 3ODLQ ZHUH C$GPDK =HERLLP DQG %HOD WKDW LV =RDU

*HQHVLV 7KH remains of these places are still buried somewhere around the Dead Sea. By the 6th century AD in the early Christian era -­ more WKDQ \HDUV DIWHU WKH HYHQWV IURP *HQHVLV WKH ODQG of Jordan was dotted with Christian monasteries and churches.

DID YOU KNOW?

During the 1st millennium BC, the Kings’ Highway linked the kingdoms of Edom, Moab and Ammon. Several centuries later, the Nabateans used this road as a trade route for luxury goods such as frankincense and spices coming from the southern Arabian peninsula. When the Romans took over the area, they remodeled the road to meet Roman standards for troop transport, and renamed it the Via Nova Traiana. The highway has long been an important pilgrimage route for both Christians and Muslims alike.

7KH HQWLUH OHQJWK RI WKH 'HDG 6HD V HDVWHUQ VKRUH IURP WKH 5LYHU -RUGDQ LQ WKH 1RUWK WR WKH EURDG SODLQ RI VDOW IRUPDWLRQV DW WKH VRXWKHUQ HQG LV HDVLO\ DFFHVVLEOH RQ oQH roads from central and southern Jordan.

Directions Take the Airport Highway until you see the Dead Sea sign. Take a right and follow the signs. Lot’s Cave is around 1.5 hours away from the Dead Sea.

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AMMAN AMMAN 7KH -RUGDQLDQ FDSLWDO $PPDQ LV PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH %LEOH E\ WKH QDPH RI 5DEDWK $PPRQ LQ WKH VWRU\ RI .LQJ 2J DQ $PPRQLWH .LQJ IDPHG IRU EHLQJ D giant of a man (Deuteronomy 3:11). 7KH FLW\ ZDV DOVR NQRZQ DV 3KLODGHOSKLD QDPHG VR LQ WKH UG FHQWXU\ %& DIWHU the Ptolemic ruler Philadelphus. $PPDQ WRGD\ ERDVWV D QXPEHU RI LPSRUWDQW UXLQV LQFOXGLQJ WKH 5RPDQ 7KHDWUH D 5RPDQ WHPSOH DQG VHYHUDO %\]DQWLQH FKXUFKHV 7KH DUFKHRORJLFDO PXVHXP VLWXDWHG LQ WKH &LWDGHO RZQV RQH RI WKH oQHVW FROOHFWLRQV RI DQFLHQW DUWLIDFWV LQ WKH 0LGGOH (DVW LQFOXGLQJ VRPH RI WKH &RSSHU 'HDG 6HD VFUROOV 7KH PRGHUQ FDSLWDO LV ZHOO NQRZQ IRU LWV H[FHOOHQW LQIUDVWUXFWXUH PXVHXPV IDVFLQDWLQJ VKRSV JRXUPHW UHVWDXUDQWV OX[XULRXV KRWHOV DQG UHFUHDWLRQDO facilities.

Citadel

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AQABA AQABA 7KH oUVW VLWH LQ VRXWKHUQ -RUGDQ PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH ([RGXV LV (]LRQJHEHU 1XPEHU Ezion-­geber and Elath (or Eloth) were port towns ORFDWHG DW RU QHDU WKH 5HG 6HD SRUW RI $TDED They are best known for their roles during the ,URQ $JH D IHZ KXQGUHG \HDUV DIWHU WKH WLPH RI WKH ([RGXV 7KHVH ORFDWLRQV DUH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK both King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba 'HXWHURQRP\ DV ZHOO DV 7KH &KURQLF :DUV between the kings of Judah and Edom (1 Kings .LQJV ,Q UHFHQW \HDUV ZKDW LV EHOLHYHG WR EH WKH ROGHVW purpose-­built church in the world has been discovered in Aqaba.

Oldest Purpose-­Built Church in the World

DID YOU KNOW? Herod Antipas became governor of Machaerus after marrying a 1DEDWDHDQ SULQFHVV EHOLHYHG WR be the daughter of King Aretus IV %& q $' LQ RUGHU WR FHPHQW a Herodian-­Nabataean alliance. +RZHYHU KH DOVR PDUULHG KLV VLVWHU LQ ODZ +HURGLD D relationship that was strongly opposed by John the Baptist. As D UHVXOW +HURG LPSULVRQHG DQG beheaded John at Machaerus (Mark 6: 14-­29). The forces of King Aretus later defeated Herod Antipas’ army in 36 AD. This was subsequently interpreted by many as divine retribution for the death of John the Baptist.

21

THE KING’S HIGHWAY THE KING’S HIGHWAY The King’s Highway is the world’s oldest continuously used communication URXWH ,W XVHG WR OLQN DQFLHQW %DVKDQ *LOLDG DQG $PPRQ LQ WKH 1RUWK ZLWK 0RDE (GRP 3DUDQ DQG 0LGLDQ LQ WKH 6RXWK $EUDKDP D FRPPRQ SDWULDUFK RI -HZV &KULVWLDQV DQG 0XVOLPV DOLNH ZRXOG certainly have used this route on his journey from Mesopotamia to Canaan. ,Q WKH %LEOH 7KH .LQJ V +LJKZD\ LV oUVW PHQWLRQHG E\ QDPH LQ 1XPEHUV ZKHQ 0RVHV OHG WKH ([RGXV WKURXJK VRXWKHUQ -RUGDQ 0RVHV DVNHG WKH .LQJ RI (GRP LI KH DQG KLV SHRSOH FRXOG kJR DORQJ WKH .LQJ V +LJKZD\y GXULQJ WKHLU MRXUQH\ WR &DQDDQ EXW KLV UHTXHVW ZDV GHQLHG 7KH .LQJ V +LJKZD\ LV DOVR UHIHUHQFHG LQ DQ HDUOLHU VWRU\ LQ *HQHVLV LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH IRXU .LQJV IURP WKH 1RUWK 7KH\ DWWDFNHG 6RGRP DQG *RPRUUDK DQG WKH WKUHH RWKHU &LWLHV RI WKH 3ODLQ +HVKERQ +LVEDQ 0HGDED 0DGDED DQG .LU 0RDE .DUDN q WDNLQJ /RW KRVWDJH RQO\ WR EH FKDVHG DQG EHDWHQ E\ Abraham.

7RGD\ WKLV VFHQLF URXWH LV D oQH SDYHG URDG WKDW ZLQGV GLSV WZLVWV DQG UDPEOHV WKURXJK WKH KHDUW RI WKH -RUGDQLDQ KLJKODQGV SDVVLQJ WKURXJK WKH FRXQWU\ V most stunning landscapes and some of its most important ancient sites.

22

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Letters of Acknowledgement “ Your Royal Highness,

“We are overwhelmed with joy for the generous granting of continuous and endless attention with the objective of shedding light upon the

Determining Jesus Christ’s baptism site is not an easy task today, but

Baptismal Site, the virtuous place in which Jesus Christ was baptized by

we are taking guidance from the verses of the Holy Book, as well as the

John the Baptist, and the Holy Site which embodies the magnanimous life,

history and holy tradition of the Orthodox Church…we can identify that

the place is the dwelling of the Spirit eternally bestowed thus giving life to

the baptism area of the Lord Jesus Christ, the place where John the Baptist

the believers in Jesus Christ throughout the ages. This site has become the

baptized Him in Transjordan, is on the east bank of the river facing

meeting place of God and the human being, in which interpenetrate the

-HULFKR DQG DERXW VHYHQ PLOHV IURP WKH ZDWHUFRXUVH pRZ RI WKH ULYHU LQ

past with the present and the future, transforming all periods of history

the Dead Sea. From this, we show that the Baptism Site of our Lord and

into spiritual breaths of faith which become deep-­rooted in the hearts of

Savior Jesus Christ lies in the lands of the Hashemite Kingdom

the faithful throughout ages and generations… The antiquities which

of Jordan, exactly on the east bank of the river.”

ZHUH UHFHQWO\ GLVFRYHUHG LQ WKH -RUGDQLDQ WHUULWRU\ GDWH EDFN WR WKH oUVW Christian tradition and give it historic value.”

Erinious 1 Patriarch of the Holy City

Bishop Salim Sayegh Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General for Jordan

Michel Sabbagh Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem

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BIBLICAL ITINERARIES One Day Itinerary: Day 1: Amman City Tour, Madaba, Mount Nebo, and Bethany

Beyond the Jordan

5 Day Itinerary: Day 1. Umm Qays, Jerash -­ Overnight in Amman Day 2. Bethany Beyond the Jordan, Madaba, Mount Nebo -­ Overnight in Amman Day 3. Mukawir, Umm Ar-­Rasas, Karak -­ Overnight Petra Day 4. Petra, Sila’, and Lot’s Cave -­ Overnight in Amman Day 5. Amman Citadel, Roman Theatre, Museums

8 Day Itinerary:

Day 1. Jerash, Ajlun, Pella, and Umm Qays -­ Overnight in Amman Day 2. Amman City Tour and Desert Castles -­ Overnight in

Amman Day 3. Madaba, Mount Nebo, and Karak -­ Overnight in Petra

24

Day 4. Petra -­ Overnight in Petra Day 5. Wadi Rum -­ Overnight in Wadi Rum Day 6. Aqaba -­ Overnight in Aqaba Day 7. Lot’s Cave, Lot’s Wife and the Dead Sea -­ Overnight

at the Dead Sea

Day 8. Bethany Beyond the Jordan -­ Return to Amman

For more itineraries, please check our website: www.VisitJordan .com

Mukawir

Jordan Tourism Board Tel : +(962-­6) 5678444 Fax: +(962-­6) 5678295 P.O.Box 830688 Amman 11183, Jordan email: info@visitjordan.com visitjordan www.visitjordan.com

English I ‌þâˆ?‚EG

Copyright Š Jordan Tourism Board 2013. All Rights Reserved. All text, images, graphics, and other materials within this brochure are subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights of the JTB. 7KHVH PDWHULDOV PD\ QRW EH UHSURGXFHG GLVWULEXWHG RU PRGLoHG ZLWKRXW WKH H[SUHVV ZULWWHQ SHUPLVVLRQ RI -7%

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