CEPM Pipeline Task Force Report

FEATURE

Highlights of the Draft Report from the Pennsylvania Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force Recommendations for Future Natural Gas Pipeline Development The shale

impacts, many transmission gas boom in lines inevitably Pennsylvania has cross precipitated a communities flurry of pipeline and traverse development sensitive activity. As areas such as natural gas farms, forests, production from mountains, and unconventional wetlands. wells has grown, Routing so too has pipelines the need for so as to be pipelines that cost-effective move the gas Laying pipelines in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Photo Courtesy of George Sheldon/Shutterstock.com but also from well to market. environmentallyOver the next several 2030 (The Nature Conservancy). friendly and years, Pennsylvania is expected to Given the magnitude of growth community-sensitive is often a see tremendous growth in its natural in the pipeline network, the potential complicated process.

In addition gas pipeline network. Some experts for impacts to local communities and to engineering and designing the estimate that the number of miles of the natural landscape is great.

While pipeline itself, companies must acquire pipeline in the Commonwealth could pipeline projects are typically designed to rights of way, easements, and other quadruple, growing from about 12,000 minimize community and environmental land rights for construction. miles today to about 48,000 miles in

Furthermore, the framework in which pipelines are regulated is complex.

Multiple agencies at the federal, state, and local levels have some role in regulating interstate natural gas transmission lines from construction to operation and maintenance. Because no single agency oversees pipeline development, the permitting, review, and oversight of natural gas pipeline projects can seem incohesive or disjointed.

Consequently, companies working to build pipelines and members of the general public who want to know more about pipeline development in their community may have difficulty finding the information they need.

Appreciating the complexity of the regulatory environment and the growing need for clarity about the pipeline development process, Governor Tom Wolf formed the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force in May 2015. The task force was formed as a part of an effort to develop policies and guidelines that will assist in the planning, permitting, construction, and operation of natural gas pipelines. Appointees to the task force include members of local, state, and federal governments; members of the oil and gas industry; and representatives from both non-profit and for-profit organizations.

The Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force has held five meetings in 2015.

The task force split into 12 workgroups, each of which was charged with the task of exploring a single issue in-depth. The twelve issues taken on by the workgroups were: Agriculture, Conservation, County Government, Emergency Preparedness, Environmental Protection, Historical/Cultural/Tribal Involvement, Local Government, Natural Gas End Use, Pipeline Safety/Integrity, Public Participation, Siting/Routing, and Workforce/Economic Development Issues. The task force used the dialogue from the workgroups to inform the content and form of the draft report.

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Agencies Involved in the Oversight and Regulation of Natural Gas Pipelines

Federal

State

Local

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)

Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)

Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA)

Public Utility Commission (PUC)

County/Township/ Borough Planning Commission & Council

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR)

At the federal level, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) oversees the transmission and sale of natural gas, which includes reviewing and permitting the siting of interstate natural gas pipelines and storage facilities. Also at the federal level, the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA), an arm of the US Department of Transportation, w o r k s t o e n s u re t h a t n a t u ra l g a s, petroleum, and other hazardous materials are transported by pipeline safely.

At the State level, the Public Utility Commission (PUC ) enforces federal regulations pertaining to the design, installation, operation, and maintainenance of pipelines lines. It is important to note that while the PUC may establish regulations that are more stringent than those at the

federal level, Pennsylvania, is one of two states that has no additional regulations.

T h e Pe n n s y l va n i a De p a r t m e n t o f Environmental Protection (DEP) also has regulatory authority. Specifically, the DEP oversees pipelines that cross streams and wetlands. The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) is involved in the oversight of construction, operation, and maintenance of pipelines on public lands that are a part of the Pennsylvania State Park or State Forest systems.

At the local level, municipal governments, including cities, townships, and boroughs, may enact zoning and subdivision ordinances which guide or restrict the siting of pipeline-related surface facilities.

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Recommendations Made by the Task Force Workgroups The Draft Report produced by the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force includes an overview of the pipeline development process in Pennsylvania, a description of the mission of the Task Force, a list of the Task Force members, and the recommendations made by the workgroups. The 184 recommendations made by the workgroups address a host of issues, ranging from community involvement to emission reductions.

Included in the report with each recommendation is a detailed explanation of the issue at-hand (e.g., potential landscape impacts, emergency training, stakeholder engagement, etc.) along with a list of the agencies relevant to implementing or facilitating the recommendation, a justification for the approach described, a list of challenges for implementation, resources that might prove useful in providing additional guidance, and a brief discussion of the issues or impacts addressed by the recommendation. The initial overview included in the report, coupled with the substantive discussions of each recommendation, provides a wealth of information for those unfamiliar with natural gas pipeline development.

While each workgroup developed separate recommendations, a number of common themes emerged. Many of the recommendations and best practices listed are similar. The frequency with which these themes appear and the emphasis placed on each suggests that calls for better coordination, more communication, greater consistency in rules and regulations, enhanced efforts to prevent accidents, improved monitoring of pipelines, and additional efforts to mitigate impacts are the key takeaways from the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force Draft Report.

Coordination: Several workgroups recognized a need for greater coordination in the pipeline development process. This includes both inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional coordination.

Consistency: Consistent and predictable rules, regulations, and operating procedures for transmission lines are necessary for pipeline projects to be successful. Natural gas companies and property owners alike expect the decisions of regulators to follow a pattern.

Calls for consistency were highlighted in the recommendations made by the Environmental Protection and Siting and Routing Workgroups, both of which stressed the value of consistency for the industry and the general public.

Prevention: With the possibility of accidents, leaks, and/or other undesirable impacts, several workgroups called for reasonable and appropriate preventive measures. Preventive measures help to reduce risks to human health and “Through smart safety as well as the environment. The planning, Pennsylvania Conservation and Natural Resources, can experience Emergency Preparedness, Environmental Protection, and Pipeline Safety and economic prosperity, Integrity Workgroups all cite hazard achieve energy prevention as a cornerstone of pipeline development. security, and protect Monitoring: Tracking and recording the environment and conditions before, during, and after pipeline development is paramount communities� to the success of not only the project -John Quigley, Secretary PA itself, but also the community and DEP environment adjacent to the project.

Several workgroups called for additional measures to monitor conditions on the ground. Calls for enhanced air, land, environments.

Communication: The workgroups also and water quality monitoring programs near pipelines appear throughout the identified communication as an integral report. part of future pipeline development.

Mitigation: Finally, a number Communication and information sharing of workgroups called for additional among private firms, public officials, reasonable and appropriate measures residents, agencies, and the general public to mitigate, repair, or otherwise facilitates a better understanding of address issues associated with pipeline pipeline projects. Publishing information development. Wetland, stream, forest, online and/or creating databases and water quality mitigation efforts were (e.g. Geographic Information System cited throughout the report. The report databases) helps to inform stakeholders emphasizes that mitigation efforts are about the status of proposed and ongoing projects. Furthermore, improved key to reducing any impacts that pipeline communication helps to alleviate tensions development may have on communities between opposing parties during pipeline and/or the enviornment. For a full listing of the recommendations, refer to the development (e.g. private landowners and the companies looking to accumulate table on the next page. land rights for pipeline construction).

Because numerous agencies oversee pipeline projects and because pipelines often cross a number of jurisdictions, the task force workgroups stressed the importance of coordinated efforts and streamlined processes. The importance of coordination was particularly pronounced in the recommendations made by the Emergency Preparedness, Environmental Protection, Local Government, Natural Gas End Use, and Siting and Routing Workgroups. Each of these groups stressed the fact that improved coordination and collaboration promotes more effective and efficient regulatory

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Recommendations Submitted by the Task Force Workgroups Agriculture

Conservation & Natural Resources

County Government

Emergency Preparedness

Environmental Protection

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1. Educate Landowners on Pipeline Development Issues

2. Build a GIS Database of PA’s Farms

1. Communicate Pipeline Development Conservation Practices to the Public 2. Develop Public Access to Pipeline GIS Information 3. Use a Landscape Approach for Planning and Siting Rightof-Way Corridors 4. Give Special Consideration to Protected / Designated Lands in Pipeline Siting 5. Mitigate the Loss of Public Use of Public Lands Resulting from Pipeline Development 6. Avoid Geological Hazards During Planning 7. Implement Full-Time Environmental Inspections During Pipeline Construction 8. Monitor Water Quality During Construction 9. Require Post-Construction Monitoring for 5 Years 10. Tie Permitting Standards to the Duration of Impact 11. Implement a Mitigation Bank to Improve Water Quality 12. Reduce Forest Fragmentation in Pipeline Development 13. Promote Biodiversity in Pipeline Development

14. Develop Rare Species Work Windows to Avoid Impacts 15. Minimize Impacts to Riparian Areas at Stream Crossings 16. Promote Wildlife Habitat Opportunities Along Pipeline Corridors 17. Restore and Maintain a Border Zone in Forested Areas 18. Minimize Aesthetic Impacts in Pipeline Development 19. Minimize Recreational Impacts in Pipeline Development 20. Provide Recreational Opportunities in Pipeline Development 21. Reseed Right-of-Ways Using Native Plants 22. Use Pennsylvania-Sourced Plant and Seed Vendors and Landscape Services 23. Require Performance-Based Metrics for Long Term Maintenance of Right-of-Ways 24. Prevent Invasive Plant Species Establishment 25. Finalize Functional Protocols for Impacts and Offsets 26. DEP Should Follow the 2008 Final Mitigation Rule for all Mitigation Sites

1. Counties Should Partner in Implementation of Task Force Recommendations 2. Counties Should Include Pipelines Development in County Comprehensive Plans 3. Counties Should Make GIS Mapping Available to Operators and Require Them to Provide Their Mapping to Counties and Municipalities 4. Develop Training Opportunities for County Officials 5. Develop Tools to Educate the Public on Pipeline Development

6. Operators Should Engage in Timely Communications 7. Develop Advisory Standards for Pipeline Setback and Buffers 8. Amend Municipalities Planning Code to Empower County Comprehensive Plan

1. Standardize Emergency Response Plans 2. Train Emergency Responders 3. Require Infrastructure Mapping 4. Coordinate Pipeline Mapping Plans 5. PUC Should Develop a Comprehensive List of Pipeline Classifications 6. Enhance Emergency Response Training for Responder Agencies

7. Create County/Regional Safety Task Forces 8. Provide Training to Local Emergency Responders 9. Assess Need for Additional Training for Local Responders 10. Establish Protocol for Emergency Movement of Heavy Equipment during Off-Hours 11. Assign a 9-1-1 Address to Pipeline-Related Facilities 12. Authorize a Fee for Emergency Response to Pipeline Incidents

1. Establish Early Partnerships and Coordination in Relationships with Regulatory Agencies 2. Establish Early Coordination with Local Non-Governmental Groups 3. Establish Early Coordination with Local Landowners and Lessors 4. Project Sponsors Should Review Pennsylvania Stormwater BMP Manual

5. Sponsors Should Review the Pennsylvania Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual 6. Sponsors Should Request Pre-Application Meetings with Regulatory Agencies 7. Sponsors Should Perform Alternative Analysis to Avoid/ Minimize Impacts 8. Develop Standard Water Quality Monitoring Practices

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9. Require Shared Right-of-Ways 10. Empower GIS Mapping 11. Create a Commonwealth Library of Pipeline Information 12. Require Pipeline Abandonment Plans

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9. Develop An Advanced High-Quality Environmental Resources Planning Tool 10. Sponsors Should Use Landscape Level Planning 11. Minimize Water Withdrawals for Testing 12. Do Not Locate Pipelines Parallel to Streams Within its 100-Year Floodway 13. Employ Smart Timing of Construction 14. Assess Potential Subsurface Hazards in Planning 15. Route Pipelines to Minimize Disturbance to Forest Interiors 16. Avoid Steep Slopes and Highly Erodible Soils 17. Share Rights-of-Ways 18. Identify Barriers to Sharing Rights-of-Ways 19. Establish Setbacks from Wetlands and Watercourses 20. Use Dry Seals for Centrifugal Compressors 21. Minimize Methane Emissions During Compressor State Shutdown Periods 22. Use Pump-Down Techniques Before Maintenance and Repair 23. Develop Plans for Construction, Operation, and Maintenance 24. Implement Directed Inspection and Maintenance Program for Compressor Stations Environmental Protection (cont’d) 25. Implement Wetland Banking/Mitigation Measures 26. Use Antidegredation Best Available Combination of Technologies to Protect EV and HQ Waters 27. Avoid Dams and Reservoirs 28. Avoid Water and/or Wastewater Discharge 29. Develop Plans for No Net Loss of Forests in Headwater Watersheds 30. Develop Plans for No Net Loss of Forested Riparian Buffers 31. Develop Plans for No Net Loss of Wetlands 32. Study Long-Term Impacts of Pipeline Infrastructure on Water Resources and Sensitive Landscapes 33. Minimize Methane Emissions 34. Minimize Impacts of Stream Crossings 35. Conduct Research to Improve Revegetation BMPs 36. Require ShutOff Valves for Liquid Product Pipelines 37. Use Dust Suppression Controls Near Water Resources 38. Test Efficacy of Silt Fencing 39. Test Soils in Acid Deposition Impaired Watersheds to Identify Need for Additional Liming 40. Sponsors Should Review the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) Environmental Review Tool

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41. Develop Construction Sequencing Plan 42. Stockpile Topsoil During Construction for Use in Restoration 43. Soften Forest/Right-of-Ways Edges and Promote Canopy Closure 44. Create Onsite Habitat 45. Prevent Invasive Species from Entering Sites 46. Ensure Ecologically Sensitive Revegetation of Right-of-Ways 47. Conduct Site Monitoring (Quantitative) 48. Conduct Regular Site Maintenance 49. Properly Use and Maintain Pipeline Components 50. Implement Leak Detection and Repair for all Above-Ground Components of Pipeline Infrastructure 51. Clarify Remediation of Spills Under Shale Regulation 52. Establish Forest Mitigation Program 53. Implement Electronic Permit Submissions for Chapters 102 and 105 54. Establish Electronic Payment for Chapters 102 and 105 Permit Fees 55. Evaluate Need for Hard Copies of Chapter 102 and 105 Permit Submissions 56. Evaluate Erosion and Sediment Control General Permit (ESCGP-2) Expedited Review 57. Ensure Adequate Agency Staffing for Reviewing Pipeline Infrastructure Projects 58. Evaluate DEP Retention and Attrition of Staff and Succession Planning 59. Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Permit Decision Guarantee Policy 60. Evaluate the Permit Decision Guarantee Priority Status Hierarchy 61. Increase DEP Staff Training 62. Eliminate Duplicate Questions in Erosion and Sediment Control General Permit (ESCGP-2) Notice of Intent (NOI) 63. Create Pipeline Erosion and Sediment Control Manual 64. Consider Limited Permit Review Assistance Using Qualified Contractors 65. Convene Annual Regulatory Agency Meetings 66. Re-Assess and Update Standing Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) between State and Federal Agencies 67. Incorporate Cumulative Impacts into Applications and Review Process 68. Conduct Joint Agency Coordination Meetings During PreApplication and Planning 69. Assess Oil and Gas Programs’ Chapter 102 Training

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Recommendations Submitted by the Task Force Workgroups (cont’d) 1. Improve Communications with Landowners 2. Consult with Federally Recognized Tribes on Section Historical/Cultural/ 106-Related Projects 3. Consult with Citizens’ Groups, Including Heritage and Tribal Historical Organizations and Non-Federally Recognized (NFR) Tribes for Oil and Gas Development

Local Government

Natural Gas End Use

Pipeline Safety & Integrity

1. Communicate Early and Often with Local Government Officials

2. Minimize Impact on Local Roads 3. Allow Local Regulation for Surface Facilities

1. Create A State Level Permit Coordinator 2. Create Regional Energy Corridors and Energy Action Teams 3. Create Energy Opportunity Zones

4. Expand Distribution System Improvement Charge (DSIC), Act 11 of 2012 5. Develop Municipal Guidelines for Natural Gas Distribution Lines

1. Require Leak Detection Survey Schedules 2. Require Leak Repair Schedules 3. Establish Publicly Available Pipeline Inspection Information 4. Require A Cathodic Protection Program 5. Require An Integrity Management Program (IMP) for Gathering Pipelines 6. Authorize PA Public Utility Commission (PUC) Regulation of Non-Jurisdictional Pipelines 7. Require Best Practices and Standards for Production Lines Located Beyond the Well Pad and Gas Gathering Lines in

Class 1 Locations 8. Establish Mapping/GIS for Emergency Response 9. Designate PA1Call As Enforcement Agency for Underground Utility Line Protection Law 10. Enhance Public Awareness via Mapping/GIS 11. Create A Public Education Program on Gathering Systems 12. Enhance Public Awareness of Pipeline Location 13. Develop Public Education Program for Emergencies

1. Establish Statewide Pipeline Information Resource Center 2. Adopt Guidelines for Public Participation Public Participation 3. Amend General Information Form to Require Information on Public Participation

Siting & Routing

Workforce & Economic Development

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4. Implement Best Practices for Upstream and Midstream Oil and Gas Development that Fall Outside of USACE Permit Areas 5. Conduct Early Outreach with Affected Communities 6. Conduct County-Based Siting and Mitigation Research

4. Form Pipeline Advisory Committee 5. Require Publication of Intent to Apply for DEP Permits Association with Pipeline Development 6. Issue Annual Report Implementations on the PITF Recommendations

1. Utilize Planning Process Appropriate for the Scale of the Pipeline Project 2. Create an Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee to Resolve Conflicting Construction Requirements 3. Create a Statewide Technical Review Committee Within DEP for Multi-Region Pipeline Applications 4. Create a Taskforce of Affected Stakeholders to Study the Creation of New Regulatory Entity, or Empower Existing Regulatory Entity to Review and Approve the Siting and Routing of Intrastate Gas Transmission Lines

5. Create DEP Plans and Procedures Design Manual for Pipeline Construction 6. Create Third Party Consultant Staffing at DEP 7. Expand PA1Call for All Classes of Pipelines 8. Pipeline Developers Should Engage with Private and Governmental Stakeholders and Educate Landowners 9. Invest in Digital Infrastructure to Improve Data Availability

1. Commission Workforce Assessment and Economic Development Impact Study 2. Enhance STEM Education 3. Promote Apprenticeship and On-the-Job Training 4. Attract Military Veterans to the Energy Workforce 5. Conduct a State Employee Workforce Audit to Identify Training and Other Needs of Pertinent State Agencies 6. Enhance Workforce Training

7. Develop a Pipeline Map 8. Coordinate Project Management for Projects Using Natural Gas in PA 9. Create Last Mile Funding 10. Expand Distribution System Improvement Charge (DSIC) to Cover Pipeline Payback Period Extension, Advertising Cost

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Workforce & Economic Development (cont’d)

11. Encourage Natural Gas Use in Ports 12. Develop Targeted Investment, Business Attraction Effects and Regional Energy Hubs 13. Collaborate to Promote Downstream Shale Manufacturing Opportunity 14. Encourage Virtual Pipeline (Trucking) Delivery Systems 15. Allow Creation of Natural Gas Municipal Authorities

The Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force will accept public comments on the Draft Report until Tuesday December 29, 2015.

You can read the report in its entirety and submit comments by visitng the website of the Department of Environmental Protection (www.dep.pa.gov). Also, you can contact the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force at RA-EPPITF@pa.gov.

The recommendations made in the Draft Report are not final and may change based on comments from the public, discussions between members and workgroups of the Task Force, and observations made by other organizations. The Task Force will reconvene on December 16, 2015 and again on January 13, 2016 to modify and finalize the report. The Final Report is to be submitted to Governor Tom Wolf by February 2016.

Moving Forward: Recommendations to the Task Force The scope of the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force Draft Report is broad. The document provides a wealth of information about a number of important issues pertaining to natural gas pipeline development. And while the comprehensive approach taken in the Draft Report is useful, moving forward, the Task Force will need to take a more focused approach by organizing and prioritizing the list of 184 recommendations and providing more in-depth analysis.

The Task Force should focus on some of the recommendations that are most desirable and/or most feasible

16. Compile Funding and Resource Guidebook 17. Support Natural Gas for Compliance with Pennsylvania’s Clean Power Plan (CPP) 18. Assess Requirement of Consulting Services for Permitting 19. Ensure Pipeline Permit Consistency 20. Reform Application of the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Index (PNDI)

to implement, keeping in mind that pipeline development is estimated to afftect 300,000 thousand acres of land in the Commonwealth (The Nature Conservancy). Alternatively, the Task Force might consider organizing the recommendations by time horizon, identifying which recommendations could or should be implemented in the shortterm, mid-term, and long-term.

By focusing on fewer recommendations and/or prioritizing the recommendations, the Task Force can signal to policymakers which aspects of pipleine development are most critical.

Modifications to the Draft Report require, however, input from all stakeholders. It is imperative that members of the general public, policymakers, local officials, and members from the industry provide input over the coming weeks. Only then will the Final Report submitted to Governor Tom Wolf prove informative, meaningful, and representative of diverse interests.

Public input is paramount to the success of the Final Report of the Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force which will be submitted to Governor Tom Wolf February 2016.

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The Role of GIS in Future Pipeline Development Geographic Information System (GIS) software is a tool that allows users to spatially visualize data. GIS can store and map many different types of information including demographic, economic, political, and topographic data. The maps created using GIS software are easy to share and can be used by the industry, regulators, and the general public alike.

The Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force noted the usefulness of GIS and recommended the establishment of GIS pipeline databases.

The benefits of establishing a GIS database for natural gas pipelines are numerous. Such a database would help the industry plan the safest and most costeffective routes possible given human, environmental, topographic, and other constraints. The community would benefit by having the ability to see the locations of pipelines and proposed projects. Such a tool would facilitate communication as property owners would have the opportunity to review pipelines electronically. Finally, GIS would help regulators by allowing them to monitor pipeline networks and tie permits, reports, inspections, and other important documents to specific locations.

GIS will prove to be an invluable tool in the construction, operation, and maintenance of natural gas pipeline networks.

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A New Initiative of the W&J Center for Energy Policy and Management

The Shale Gas Knowledge Hub is a project undertaken by the W&J College Center for Energy Policy and Management with the generous funding and support of the Richard King Mellon Foundation. The mission of the Knowledge Hub is to be a source of objective information about shale gas development in southwestern Pennsylvania so that the citizens of the region can better understand the risks and opportunities presented by the development and make informed decisions about it.

The Knowledge Hub will identify critical and emerging issues pertaining to shale gas development in southwestern Pennsylvania; aggregate, analyze, and summarize data, information, and research related to shale gas development; disseminate knowledge about shale gas development to members of the general public; and conduct training and outreach activities

for local government officials and the public on issues related to shale gas development in their communities.

The W&J Center for Energy Policy and Management has two partners in the Knowledge Hub. The first partner, the Environmental Law Institute, is a non-

Panel discussion on Land Use, Zoning, and Addressing Impacts of Shale Gas Drilling After the PA Supreme Court Act 13 Rulings. Event hosted by the Shale Gas Knowledge Hub on June 4, 2015.

The Washington & Jefferson College Center for Energy Policy and Management is dedicated to fostering the development of energy policies that minimize environmental impacts and promote economic growth. The CEPM facilitates the exchange of information by bringing together scientists, industry leaders, elected officials, advocates, and citizens to engage with polices while ensuring that these conversations take place in a spirit of mutual respect and concern for the common good. In addition, the CEPM coordinates the development and publication of the W&J Energy Index, which measures the nation’s progress toward energy independence and security; and facilitates research opportunities, internships, and hands-on experiences in energy and energy-related issues for W&J students.

partisan policy and research organization located in Washington, D.C., which is dedicated to healthy environments, prosperous economies, and vibrant communities.

The second partner is the Pittsburghbased Local Government Academy, a non-profit and non-partisan organization, which supports a strong and responsive local government by developing local leaders, educating public employees and the public, and promoting collaboration.

The Richard King Mellon Foundation invests in the future of southwestern Pennsylvania and in the protection and restoration of America’s environmental heritage. Its current giving priorities are regional economic development and conservation, along with education and human services and nonprofit capacity building.

Shale Gas Knowledge Hub www.shalehub.org Diana Stares, Director, Center for Energy Policy and Management dstares@washjeff.edu Corey Young, Shale Gas Program Coordinator cyoung2@washjeff.edu (724) 531-6863