Chapter 20: Pharmacology Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following effects is related to activation of -adrenergic receptor sites? a. Activation of guanyl cyclase b. Skeletal muscle contraction c. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation d. Release of inflammatory mediators ANS: C
Activation of -adrenergic receptor sites on airway smooth muscle results in activation of adenyl cyclase, which increases the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and skeletal muscle stimulation. -agonists can also inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators through stabilization of the mast cell membrane, which will slow the progression of the inflammatory cascade. REF: p. 373 2. Which of the following adverse effects is likely to be experienced by patients who use
nonselective 2-adrenergic agonists? a. Tremor b. Tachypnea c. Bradycardia d. Blurred vision ANS: A
The most common adverse effect observed with the use of selective agents are tremors caused by stimulation of the 2-receptors in skeletal muscle, which is less likely with inhalational therapy than with parenteral or oral therapy. Tachycardia and vasodilatation are observed when -receptors are stimulated on the heart and peripheral vasculature. On initiation and with high-dose treatment, a reduction of serum potassium concentrations can also be seen. REF: p. 374 3. Which of the following statements accurately describes levalbuterol? a. It is composed of both (R)- and (S)-albuterol. b. The d-isomer is the most active compound. c. A dose of 0.63 mg is equipotent to 1.25 mg of racemic albuterol. d. The d-isomer possesses a longer duration of action. ANS: B
Albuterol is composed of both (R)- and (S)-isomers of albuterol. Levalbuterol is the active isomer of albuterol (R-albuterol) and is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasms in adults and children. In studies of asthma treatment in the pediatric patient,
