Miami-Dade & the Biscayne Bay Futures - Resilency | Infrastructure - Collectanea by Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism

Miami-Dade & the Biscayne Bay Futures Resilency | Infrastructure

Collectanea

Edited by

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark Prof. Martha Kohen R. A. Maria E. Barrios

Research from the University of Florida Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism

ÂŠ 2020 University of Florida Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism

Miami-Dade & the Biscayne Bay Futures Resilency | Infrastructure

Collectanea collectanea: Latin, collected ideas, also : literary items forming a collection.

Edited by

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark Prof. Martha Kohen R. A. Maria E. Barrios

Research from the University of Florida Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism

Table of Contents

SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 07 CREDITS ................................................................................................... 09 MAP OF PROJECTS .................................................................................... 13 FROM BISCAYNE BAY TO THE EVERGLADES UNESCO World Field Workshop ................................................................... 15 Master Plan ...................................................................................... 17 1. A New Front for Miami .................................................................. 19 2. Miami Urban Fabric ...................................................................... 29 3. Memento Miami ........................................................................... 39 Post UNESCO World Field Workshop - La Sapienza University of Rome .............. 51 Master Plan ...................................................................................... 57 4. The Case of Brickell ....................................................................... 59 5. Miami Basin ................................................................................ 69 6. The Evergaldes ............................................................................. 75 University of Florida 7. Atlas Islands ......................................................................................... 85 8. Biscayne Island ..................................................................................... 95 9. Sobe Fortress ........................................................................................ 99 10. Podium Towers ...................................................................................115 11. Sea Belt .......................................................................................... ..125 MIAMI RIVER BASIN The Miami River 6’ under .......................................................................... 131 12. Innovation District + Canal Communities ...................................... 135 13. Miami Urban Future .................................................................. 149 14. Habitat Miami Resilience ........................................................... 155 15. Miami Urban Artery .......................................................................... 167 16. Liberty Peak ...................................................................................... 187 17. Modular by the River .......................................................................... 193 18. Everglades Bay Cont’d ....................................................................... 202 INFRASTRUCTURE + ENERGY 19. Trans Port / Miami Port ....................................................................... 211 20. The Miami - Havana Ferry Connection ................................................. 227 21. Virginia Key Water Treatment ............................................................. 235 22. Blue Rescue ....................................................................................... 243 23. Tri-Line ............................................................................................. 255 24. Ecotri-City ......................................................................................... 267

Summary

Miami-Dade and the Biscayne Bay futures The School of Architecture (SOA UF) and the Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism (CHU DCP UF) have developed exploratory visioning projects for South Florida since 2014. Institutional context/ Introduction This collection of projects were proposed within the following institutional contexts and partnerships, involving academic institutions, NGOs, and public officials: University of Florida Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism Workshops School of Architecture Graduate Courses Levin College of Law College of Journalism and Communications, VR Lab University of São Paulo FAUSP (Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de São Paulo) Research Group Fluvial Metropolis FAUSP University La Sapienza Rome Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Dipartimento di Architettura e Urbanistica UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture NGO’s

iNTA International Network of Tropical Architecture Van Alen Institute Catalyst Miami AIA Miami UIA2020 RIO

Public Office Miami Dade Commission The proposals aim at visioning an interdisciplinary convergence, that will dare broad scale actions in the mitigation of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise consequences for the vulnerable region of Miami Dade, home to almost 3 million inhabitants, and part of the South Florida Metropolitan Area of more than 6 million. The ideas take into consideration are not only the risk abating strategies, but incorporate environmental conservation, water management, energy generation, transportation, housing, economic development and quality of life for all. Coordinated by the Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism with the strong support in particular from our UNESCO partners, the ideas were developed through Graduate Studios, Independent Studies, Master Research Thesis, doctoral thesis and multilateral Workshops and Conferences. They have been disseminated through lecture sessions, exhibitions, publications and are available in our website: www.chu.dcp.ufl.edu Martha Kohen & Nancy Clark, CHU Directors

Credits About CHU The Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism proposes new paradigms for the evolution of water-based settlements. From retrofitting the metropolis to envisioning future cities on the water, we advocate a reconsideration of fluvial urbanism and coastal landscapes and a recalibration of our settlement patterns in the context of climate variability, waste and energy management, global economic shifts, environmental migration and population growth.

Book Credits: Editors Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark Prof. Martha Kohen Graphics Editor: R. A. Maria E. Barrios Mitchell Clarke 8

Participants: Silvia Aloisio - La Sapienza University | Architect | Ph.D. Kai-Uwe Bergmann - Miami Resiliency Studio | Partner BIG Architects Nancy M. Clark - Miami Resiliency Studio | Florida São Paulo Dialogues | Director CHU Martha Kohen - Florida São Paulo Dialogues | Florida Settlement Typologies | Director CHU Michael Kuenstle - Asso. Prof. of Architecture | University of Florida | Architect Alexandre Delijaicov - Florida São Paulo Dialogues | Coordinator Grupo Metrópole Fluvial Milton Braga - Florida São Paulo Dialogues | Prof. Universidade de São Paulo | MMBB Partner Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Sustainable Urban Quality, Chairholder | Prof. of Architecture Anna Irene Del Monaco - UNESCO Sustainable Urban Quality, SG | Prof. of Architecture | Ph.D. Tomaso Monestiroli - Professor of Architecture Politecnico di Milano | Ph.D. Francesco Menegatti - Professor of Architecture Politecnico di Milano | Ph.D. Francesco Napolitano - Professor of Hydraulic Engineer Sapienza University | Ph.D. Daniella Levine Cava - District 8 Commissioner, Miami-Dade County Julie Harrington - Director Center for Economic Forecasting and Analysis at FSU, Steering Committee Member Florida Climate Institute Jayantha Obeysekera - Director Hydrologic & Environmental Systems Modeling Department South Florida Water Management District, Technical Lead for Climate Change and Climate Variability Investigations Dario Orlando - Post Doc | Hydraulic Engineer | Sapienza University | Ph.D. Alfonso Peres-Mendez - Prof. of Architecture | University of Florida Alessandro Romano - Hydraulic Engineer | Sapienza University | Ph.D. Anzhelika Arbatskaya William Arthur Maria E. Barrios Gibson Bastar Timothy Beecken Roberto Bove Consuelo Camerota Giorgio Capponi Carmen Chan Lian Chen Mitch Clarke Livia Cococcia Kimberly Connell Martina Coppola Douglas Crawford Federica Cucchi Blaire Davis

Kaylee Delhagen Calvin Di’Nicolo Kristen K. Evans Krista Farmer J. Alex Fernandez Marzia Fiume Hector Garcia Jaysen Good Mason Ip Jonathan Jimenez Melissa Jones Jaeyoung Joo Chang Liu Madison Macheske Arch. Valentino Matteis Zilsalina Mendieta Kaitlin Myers

Anthony Nasko Douglas Nassar Teresa Pagano Ben Peace Arch. Marcos Petroli Evan Vander Ploeg Luca Pozzati Agnese Riccomagno Marta Rigato Aayush Shah Akessandro Stracqualursi Pruthvi Talluru Matthew Vetterick Zhizhou Wang Lok Wong Xuancheng Zhu

Miami-Dade & the Biscayne Bay Futures Resilency | Infrastructure

Collectanea

Research from the University of Florida Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism 11

Map of Proposals 1. A New Front for Miami 2. Miami Urban Fabric 3. Memento Miami 4. The Case of Brickell 5. Miami Basin 6. The Evergaldes 7. Atlas Islands 8. Biscayne Island 9. Sobe Fortress 10. Podium Towers 11. Sea Belt 12. Innovation District & Canal Communities 13. Miami Urban Future 14. Habitat Miami Resilience 15. Miami Urban Artery 16. Liberty Peak 17. Modular by the River 18. Everglades Bay Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d 19. Trans Port / Miami Port 20. The Miami - Havana Ferry Connection 21. Virginia Key Water Treatment 22. Blue Rescue 23. Tri-Line 24. Ecotri-City

3,6,18

10,11

23 16

20 24

21 17 2,5,12 13,14,15

N.T.S

1,4,8

From Biscayne Bay to the Everglades Part I

UNESCO World Field Workshop Sea Level Rise & the Future of Coastal Urban Settlements

Prof. Lucio Barbera UNESCO Sustainable Urban Quality & Urban Culture, Chairholder

Prof. Anna Irene Del Monaco Secretary General

Prof. Martha Kohen Senior Partner

World Lab Field

Sea Level Rise & the Future of Coastal Urban Settlements

The UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture (UNESCO Chair) together with the Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism (CHU) at the University of Florida co-organized a two week international workshop examining specific problems of sea level rise and its related effects on urban structures (financial centers, tourist settlements, leisure centers) and infrastructures (water management, mobility, energy generation) as exemplified in the Miami-Dade region and applicable world-wide. The workshop concentrated its attention on the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Miami aquatic future,â&#x20AC;? with the intentions of proving the possible sea level rise adaptive strategies to be applied to any modern multifunctional, multicultural metropolis. In Miami, the extent and complexity of the relationship between human developments and aquatic ecosystems form the most valuable and suitable World-Field Laboratory in which to situate this workshop. This environment offered the conditions that enable to explore the full spectrum of problems that can be found within other coastal or lagoon regions in the world that face similar threats, regardless of differences in urban density. Therefore the expected outcomes of the workshop are useful to better define and visualize general strategies of:

Adaptation of the existing settlement and productive systems. Protection and defense of historical places and natural singularities. Substitution of urban, functional and residential typologies. Retreat and environmental migration to safer territories and urban locations.

Master Plan

1 18

A New Front for Miami Arch. Valentino Matteis | Arch. Marcos Petroli | Federica Cucchi | Luca Pozzati | Agnese Riccomagno Prof. Arch. Tomaso Monestiroli

EXISTING CONDITIONS

THE WATERFRONT

PREDICTED SEA LEVEL RISE

PRECEDENTS

San Alfonso del Mar, Chile

Juno Beach, Florida

Highline, New York City

PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

ISLAND OVERVIEW & CONNECTION TO MAINLAND

ADDITIONAL GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

PROPOSED VIEWS & CONNECTIONS

2 28

Miami Urban Fabric Anzhelika Arbatskaya | Roberto Bove | Giorgio Capponi Marta Rigato | Douglas Nassar

Silvia Aloisio | Prof. Lucio Barbera | Prof. Anna Irene Del Monaco

THE FORMULA & AREA OF STUDY

BUILDABLE VOLUME

POSSIBLE SCENARIOS

SITE DEVELOPMENT

INNOVATION HUB PROPOSAL

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT & TYPOLOGIES

3 38

Memento Miami

memento v. lat. [imperat. of meminisse «remember», therefore: «remember!»].

CONCEPT & MASTER PLAN

DESIGN COMPONENTS Waterways

Green Areas

Roads

Public Areas

Built Areas

New Downtown / City Center

New Edge Condition

New Marina

SCHEMATIC TYPOLOGIES Low-Rise Housing / Single Family High Rise / Mixed Use Pier Housing

Floating Housing

New Piers

PUBLIC SPACE ADAPTATION CONCEPT

NEW CITY CENTER CONCEPT

OVERALL VIEWS

From Biscayne Bay to the Everglades Part 2

Post UNESCO World Field Workshop La Sapienza University of Rome

CHALLENGES & OPORTUNITIES

PROJECT SITES

The Case of Brickell La Sapienza University of Rome Luca Pozzati

The Case of Brickell Luca Pozzati

EXISTING CONDITIONS

6â&#x20AC;&#x2122; SEA LEVEL RISE PROJECTIONS

POPULATION DENSITY

SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

INCOME

2 PHASES

4 FT

6 FT

AT SEA LEVEL IN RESPECT TO GROUND LEVEL

2 FT 62

4 FT

FIRST CHALLENGE: FLOODING HOW WOULD IT HAPPEN?

PHASE 1: FROM THE SEA + RIVER

PHASE 2: FROM THE SEA + RIVER + GROUND NON APPLICABILITY OF THE GROUND LIFTING HYPOTHESIS

TYPES OF BUILDINGS SUITABLE FOR RISING THE GROUND UP

TYPES OF BUILDINGS NOT SUITABLE

SECOND CHALLENGE: SALT WATER INTRUSION

FRESH WATER PUMPING

CURRENT SITUATION

4 FT

Phase 1: Vertical + Lateral Infiltration of Salt Water

Pumping of Fresh + Salt Water

6 FT

Phase 2: Infiltration of Salt Water

Pumping of Salt Water

PROJECT STRATEGIES

4 FT SEAWALL

COLLECTION DRAINGAE PUMPING OF RAINWATER

PODIUM SYSTEM

MASTER PLAN FOR BRICKELL

DIAGRAM OF OPERATION - AREA A

PROTOTYPE ADAPTATION

Miami Basin La Sapienza University of Rome Marta Rigato

The Everglades La Sapienza University of Rome Teresa Pagano

SITE DEVELOPMENT

From Biscayne Bay to the Everglades Part 3

University of Florida & Partner Institutions

Atlas Islands J. Alexander Fernandez | Evan Vander Ploeg

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

Atlas Islands J. Alexander Fernandez | Evan Vander Ploeg LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGIES

POPULATION AFFECTED IN SOUTH FLORIDA

Within the district of Miami, South Beachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bayside coast is vulnerable to large, seasonal tidal events and the devastating effects of sea level rise. Dunes on the east coast provide a crucial passive method of protection from these tidal and storm events. The passive system of resiliency and protection through additive land is the inspiration for the creation and development of a string of new connected barrier islands on the vulnerable Biscayne Bay side that will extend as far north as Mid Beach. The string of new islands will isolate a portion of the bays coastal water and therefore aid in controlling water intrusion in the bay and also conforming itself to the existing boat movement patterns. In addition, a network of canals surgically cut within the fabric of South Beach will help mitigate any flooding events that threaten the islands from below. Development along the newly created landmass will act harmoniously with the prevailing South Beach lifestyle and also find itself contributing to its already vibrant community. Retail, recreation, housing, nightlife, and even a new sports arena are all developed with economic and transportation efficiency in mind. Critical to this proposal is the coupling of a long-term solution to the water crisis with the promise of an increase in valuable waterfront development amounting to an urban resiliency adaption plan that pays for itself. MIAMI BEACH WATER USAGE

COMPARISON OF TAMPA DESALINATION PLANT

NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE DEBT GROWTH

INFRASTRUCTURE MITIGATION FUNDING | PASSIVE 90

INFRASTRUCTURE MITIGATION FUNDING | TOTAL 91

NEW PROTECTIVE BARRIER ISLANDS IN BISCAYNE BAY

Biscayne Island Hector Garcia

Prof. Martha Kohen

Biscayne Island Hector Garcia BEFORE

AFTER

SOBE Fortress Carmen Chan | Jonathan Jimenez

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

SOBE Fortress Carmen Chan | Jonathan Jimenez

Miami Beach is an international destination known for its luxurious lifestyle and its prime location on the water. Generating nearly half of the total expenditures of visitors for all of Greater Miami, South Beach is threatened against rising sea-levels, as well as both storm and tidal flooding. SOBE Fortress proposes the use of public space and transportation as defensive strategies against water, seeking to protect the island and its historical districts. Public spaces such as commercial areas, promenades, parks, and marinas weave themselves around South Beach and become the floodable fortifications that protect the island. In addition, canals are introduced along the current roadways to relieve the pressure of rising water through Miamiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s porous limestone foundation. The project recognizes that the quality of life in South Beach cannot be changed overnight, so the proposals for each district are through 2025, 2050, and 2100 master plans. These master plans set guidelines for the elevation construction, and preservation of infrastructure and land and creates four new districts: Lincoln, 5th Street, Alton, and Collins. Lincoln and 5th Street districts are the most similar in that they are prominent entry points as well as commercial corridors. Alton is the most vulnerable district as it is the lowest point of South Beach, while Collins is the most naturally protected. Transportation, through a series of parking garages and marinas along the major entry points, promote the use of pedestrian, bicycle, and boat traffic on the island. 100

Sea levels will RISE 101

Total Expenditures (Millions)

25 20 17

18.8

20.7

21.8

22.8

15 10 5

2009

2010

2011

2012

Greater Miami

$22.9 billion a year

Miami Beach

$10.6 billion a year

2013

$288 per day

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OVERNIGHT VISITOR

South Beach

8,054,020

66%

Lodged in Miami Beach

Lincoln Road

5,444,971

69%

Lodged in Miami Beach

Nightlife

2,079,677

25%

Lodged in Miami Beach

MOST VISITED ATTRACTIONS IN MIAMI BEACH

102

200 175.55

Expenditures ($)

150

168.84 134.43

100

94.14 63.43

Lodging

Meals

Transportation Entertainment

Shopping

Type of Expenditures

TOTAL EXPENDITURES PER PARTY

Hotel Room Tax: 2%

$33.7 Million

Food + Beverage Tax: 3%

$26.9 Million

2013

$60.6 Million

MIAMI BEACH TOURISM COLLECTIONS

103

3’ Defense Line 7’ Defense Line

DEFENSE STRATEGIES 104

Lincoln District

Alton District

5th Street District

Collins District

NEW CONFIGURATION OF DISTRICTS 105

ALTON DISTRICT 2100

COLLINS DISTRICT 2100

106

107

LINCOLN ROAD DISTRICT 2100

5TH STREET DISTRICT 2100

108

109

ALTON 2050 IMPLEMENTATIONS: Public connection to water New base flood elevation for future development Green space acting as defense system

ALTON 2100

110

111

5TH STREET 2050 IMPLEMENTATIONS: Passive/active defense methods Alternated transportation Marina/Boardwalk public linkage

5TH STREET 2100

112

113

Podium Towers Zilsalina Mendieta

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Prof. Martha Kohen

115

Podium Towers Zilsalina Mendietta

There are currently thousands of residential condominium towers lining Florida’s beaches and Intracoastal Waterways with more being constructed each year. Potential buyers are not required by law to be alerted to the properties at risk status. As sea level rises, by mid-century the lower floors of these structures could be submerged, calling into question the validity of an owner’s 30 year mortgage. There is no doubt this real estate is as idyllic as it is expensive. Rather than displacing whole communities, we propose constructing a new podium infrastructure connecting the towers and creating an artificial ground for “street level” activities to occur. This new urban-scape infrastructure will serves as the primary means for mobility along the newly created islands as the natural coastlines recede inland. Florida settlement pattern along the beach is emblematic of many beach cities nationally and internationally. We believe this concept is portable and could be employed in other coastal cities around the globe where the condo tower typology is prevalent.

Phase 01 | Current Condition

116

Phase 02 | Structural + Foundational Preparation

NORTH FLORIDA JACKSONVILLE STRATEGIC HIGH RISE NODAL CLUSTERS

CENTRAL FLORIDA INNER COASTAL INLET LINEAR CONFIGURATION

SOUTH FLORIDA MIAMI HIGH DENSITY HIGH RISE MULTILEVEL CLUSTERS

Phase 03 | Addition of Commercial Podium

Phase 04 | Addition of Civic + Community Infrastructure

117

MASTER PLAN

118

119

PODIUM SECTION

120

JACKSONVILLE STRATEGIC HIGH - RISE NODAL CLUSTERS

INTRACOASTAL INLET LINEAR CONFIGURATION

HIGH - DENSITY/HIGH - RISE MULTI - LEVEL CLUSTER

121

PODIUM CONNECTOR 122

123

The Seabelt

Maria E. Barrios | Jaysen Good | Madison Macheske Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Prof. Martha Kohen

125

The Seabelt

Maria E. Barrios | Jaysen Good | Madison Macheske An Exploratory Visioning: Sea Belt for the Barrier Islands Existing conditions of the high-rise towers along the coastline do not foresee preparatory measures to address the rising water. Vehicular transportation is the primary access mode. With the changing water levels and the predicted flooding of the streets, the access modality will be impaired. Though 90% of the towerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s living spaces could continue to be operative after remediation strategies, the present ground and second levels would require innovative restructuring ways to maintain inhabitation. The proposal reimagines the connector spine introducing three distinct levels. The upper level, as public space, pedestrian oriented and a carrier of public transportation, the intermediate level as the location of infrastructural equipment and as new access to the towers. The lower level will be the access to marinas and water based public transportation. The Sea Belt enables us to visualize the future connection of the Barrier Island to mainland. The towers ocean fronts reimagine themselves, following the erosion of the sandy beaches, through the addition of salt water pools and other amenities engaging the resource of the open ocean waters.

Please find our latest video at:

https://chu.dcp.ufl.edu/seabelt/

126

127

SEABELT OVERVIEW & PERSPECTIVES

128

129

Miami River Basin

130

The Miami River 6â&#x20AC;&#x2122; under Silvia Aloisio | Consuleo Camerota | Akessandro Stracqualursi

131

HOW CAN WE HELP?

Miami, as well as the entire territory of Florida, consists of karst soil. The water extends down the rocky platform. If the sea level rise, the water comes up and the area will be affected by floods.

Our aim is to save the maximum quantity of built soil elevating it up to 7â&#x20AC;&#x2122; above the present Sea Level.

THE FORMULA HYPHOTESIS:

132

133

River Bassin Innovation District & Canal Communities Silvia Aloisio

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Porf. Martha Kohen

135

River Bassin Innovation District & Canal Communities Dr. Silvia Aloisio

Recombinant City proposes a high density settlement with mixed uses and public space. The canalized artificial island would extends the city into the sea by floatable docks, parks and houses and, at the same time, the sea will enter the town punctuated by a network of canals that help control and manage water fluctuations. The development maintains the existing road infrastructure to bind the existing fabric to the new settlement. Mangroves are reintroduced to defend the artificial island and will over time create a large public landscape and urban space for the city.

136

MODULAR SYSTEM

137

SITE DEVELOPMENT

138

139

MASTER PLAN

140

BEFORE & AFTER VIEWS

141

NEW COASTAL COMMUNITIES

142

143

144

FLOATING COMMUNITIES

145

PROPOSED INNOVATION HUB / CITY CENTER BEFORE

AFTER

146

147

Miami Urban Future Akessandri Stracqualursi

149

Miami Urban Future Akessandri Stracqualursi

150

151

152

153

Habitat Miami Resilience Consuelo Camerota

155

Habitat Miami Resilience Consuelo Camerota

Two ideas in one: a new settlement system, to save Miami from raising sea level, with relatively low costs, and densifying the city by stratifying it, without sacrificing the comfort of American single-family homes. Starting from these concepts, the project takes care of condominium services (swimming pools, piers, sports fields, communal green areas, etc.), to the problem of supplying drinking water, with a cistern which becomes a solarium and panoramic terrace, accommodation, trying to establish a diologue between the built and the new waterfront on the canals. The complex can accommodate up to 350 people, with a maximum height of 6 floors (19.8 m), made up of 314 modules prefabricated base stacked in various combinations and connected by steel cables. The dimensions of these modules vary between 5m x 10m and 6m x 12m. The construction technique used is Steel Frame, which allows not only the prefabrication and assembly of light and self-supporting frames, but also a certain speed of execution and a reduction in construction costs, making the project “affordable”. The units, 73 in total, consist of 2 to 4 modules and range from a minimum of 80 square meters to a maximum of 160 square meters, making them suitable for singles, couples or families, up to a maximum of 6 people. While the apartments on the ground floor can be reached through a series of pedestrian paths and have direct access to a garage and a private dock, the residences on the upper levels are served by 12 vertical connection systems and large balconies , can take advantage of 57 garages, 92 uncovered parking spaces and 7 piers condominium (about 90 berths). The 13 types are offset from each other, thus providing each unit with one or more large terraces [up to 4) which rest on the roof of the type below, allowing you to enjoy direct views of the canal. The slip also promotes natural ventilation and better exposure, even for north-facing buildings to reach out the residences towards the water, the overhangs, the views, allowing to establish a direct relationship, like a constant dialogue, between the built and the water. CURRENT CONFIGURATION single-family homes

NEW CONFIGURATION multifamily buildings Classic system: single-family house 100% on ground situation at 6ft: 100% flooded

156

Densification: multi-family houses 53% ground - 46% water situation at 6ft: apply formula

New Typology: “tetris” new acquatic viability 53% ground - 46% water condominium piers

MASTER PLAN CONFIGURATION

SITE SECTIONS

157

LEGEND restrooms

RAIN GARDENS - SUDS (Sustainable Urben Drainage Systems)

laundry / storage room public garage condominium parking garage rain gardens pervious surface

ACCESSIBILITY vertical access private main access private secondary access condominium parking garage access access private garage access to the panoramic terrace / solarium It involves creating a slight hollow area, providing it with a highly draining substrate and planting suitable plants so that it can take in rainwater and then release it within 24-48 hours at the most. They increase biodiversity and require very limited maintenance. Temporary water retention, which varies from 20 to 50%, reduces the amount of water that is conveyed into the existing network and reduces its collapse. They thus help the functioning of the sewers, counteracting the effects of overbuilding. It has been calculated that up to 70% of the pollutants of rivers, lakes and seas are conveyed by surface runoff waters. The rain gardens instead create a form of phytodepuration. Residues of phosphorus pesticides, heavy metals and porch are filtered by the plants and the soil.

158

PERVIOUS GROUND CONDITIONS

LEGEND

MINI-GOLF VERTICALE

restrooms laundry / storage room private balcony / terraces

ACCESSIBILITY vertical access residence access mini-golf access access to the panoramic terrace / solarium vertical connection to docks

Reinventing Miami Spring, creates the opportunity to innovate, to offer specific solutions for the area, trying to respect and strengthen the resident's relationship with the city and with the surrounding environment. Why minigolf? Golf has an imposing significance for the Miami Springs neighborhood: it began to be practiced there with a six-hole course in 1897. In 1921 the Curtis Bright Ranch Company fround the city of Hialeah imagining building a community adjacent to the Miami River, whose golf club was later bought by the city of Miami. Today the Miami Springs Golf Course has become the first municipal golf compound in Dade County. Inserting a small vertical minigolf inside the residential complex therefore means in some way paying respect to this historical heritage.

159

UNIT CONFIGURATION

160

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: STEEL FRAME

ADVANTAGES 1. Speed of Construction

With this system, all the structural elements and the systems for the casing are made in the workshop and easily assembled on site. Construction times can be reduced by up to three times, given that the long drying times of mortars and plasters, typical of troditioning construction systems, are eliminated. 2. Energy saving, room comfort and durability The technical-constructive solutions and the materials that can be adopted with the construction system steel make it possible to achieve very energy performance high. It is possible to obtain a better livability of the internal environments and a high thermal and acoustic insulation and therefore better climatic comfort. The systems can be easily integrated into the structure, in special counter walls, thus allowing easier and quicker maintenance.

3. Eco-sustainability The LSF system has a reduced environmental impact both in the rheolization phase and at the â&#x20AC;&#x153;end of lifeâ&#x20AC;? of the building, because it is 100% recyclable or be recycled countless times without losing any of its properties. there reduction of construction site waste and reduced CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. 4. Economic Convenience The reduced implementation times lead to a faster return of the irwest. The lightness of the structures ensure a reduction in the relevant costs the foundation works. This system also allows for rationalization of manpower, better management of work teams affecting construction site costs.

161

TYPOLOGIES

162

163

164

165

Miami Urban Artery Mitch Clarke | Melissa Jones

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

167

RECREATION FIELDS + COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Miami Urban Artery Mitch Clarke | Melissa Jones

Over the course of the past century, the Miami River has been retrofitted from a natural course to an artificial canal for industrial purpose. Lack of local ecology coupled with salt water intrusion and the effects of sea level rise have become the top threats to the region. In addition to the environmental threats, a lack of social gathering and connection combined with the effects of the economic crisis have rendered the area as an urban wasteland. Our goal is to use the river’s edge as an urban strategy to mitigate ecological concerns as well as adapt to the rising seas. By introducing programmable cultural spaces with adaptable ecology, we hope to bring a more connected urban fabric to the river’s edge and throughout the surrounding neighborhoods. Our development strategy includes a “kit of parts” built upon the current Miami Greenway project that has been underway for the past 11 years. The project is split into two phases of retrofitting; one for the vast maritime industry along the river the other for community use. The act of retrofitting the Miami River’s industrial sector accounts for public access to the waterfront while still protecting the multi-billion dollar economic investments of businesses. The retrofitting for community use takes the needs of the community and combines it with the needs for the environment. Programs such as theatre space, urban gardening, and recreational fields are juxtaposed to wetlands, estuaries, and marshes to stitch together a cohesive riverfront. This “urban artery” serves as a connective tissue to filter into the riverfront area.

168

CULTURAL CENTER + BOARDWALK

URBAN GARDENING + WATER RECREATION

169

STRATEGIC KIT OF PARTS

ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

URBAN DEVELOPMENT 170

Recreation & Boardwalk

Playgrounds

Cultural Spaces

Water Recreation

Community Gardens 171

THE PROPOSAL LINKS 4 MILLION SQ. FT. OF NEW PERVIOUS LAND WITH...

172

...SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MIAMI “URBAN ARTERY”. 173

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

EDGE CONDITION BRAKEDOWN

7.37%

Pervious Edge (Soft)

30%

63.63%

Pervious edge (Hard) Impervious Edge

174

THE MIAMI GREENWAY PROPOSED IN 2001

76,657

feet of onroad/offroad trails

Miami Greenway Proposal: - Social linkage through neighborhoods along river - Increase public interaction with the river - Promoting increase of public space through beautification

The Proposal: -

Address sea level rise at 3 feet: Create floodable zones (strategically located vacant lots) Create fortified zones (Industrial/marina lots) Adress Salt water intrusion in the Biscayne Aquifer: Increase pervious surface by 2 million sq. feet along the river edge Increase pervious surface by additional 2 million sq. feet through retrofitting industrial lots River Restoration: Re-introducing natural ecology Introducing Program linkage specific to each neighborhood

175

INDUSTRIAL SITES & VACANT LOTS

REQUIREMENTS FOR ZONES ALONG THE MIAMI RIVER

176

RE-PURPOSED EDGE/SURFACE CONDITIONS

177

MULTIPLE SITE INTERVENTIONS

178

179

MULTIPLE SITE INTERVENTIONS

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181

URBAN GARDENING & WATER RECREATION

182

183

RETROFFITED EDGE FOR GALLERIES & ECOLOGY

184

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Liberty Peak

Anthony Nasko | Aayush Shah | Pruthvi Talluru Prof. Martha Kohen

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Liberty Peak

Anthony Nasko | Aayush Shah | Pruthvi Talluru According to the Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey â&#x20AC;&#x153;Miami is one of the worst places for first-time home buyersâ&#x20AC;?. Miamiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home prices have skyrocketed over the years and the demand for well-designed affordable housing in the city is now more than ever. The proposal aims to develop a modular alternative to the redevelopment of the Liberty City neighborhood in Miami. Thus, providing a better standard living for more than 300 families that fall under the low-income criteria. The proposal focuses on affordability, innovative design and sustainability, quality of life, high density, and emphasizes this through the method of efficient prefabricated and modular construction.

188

SITE PLAN

189

MODULE CONFIGURATION

190

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Modular by the River Ben Peace

Prof. Martha Kohen

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Modular by the River Ben Peace

The project called for modular, prefabricated units built offsite that could be delivered and installed with minimal manual labor post production. An area that would require this as a future asset would include the low-income, low-level areas of South Florida that would be directly affected by sea-level rise in the future. Mapping a 2 foot and 3 foot sea level rise scenario, one being aimed for at 2050 and the other 2075 if current carbon trends are not slowed (based on Climate Central modeling, powered by NOAA) revealed locations along the Miami River Basin would be high risk. Superimposing these sea-level projections with Miami-Dadeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demographic information demonstrated that Little Havana had some of the higher population densities along with higher poverty rates as well as being susceptible to regional flooding and submerging as the sea rises. This made the location perfect for introducing cheap, fast, prefabricated living modules to displace those who will be affected in the area. SITE PLAN

194

SECOND FLOOR

195

ASSEMBLY

196

197

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

198

199

VIEWS

200

201

Everglades Bay Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d Hector Garcia

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Prof. Martha Kohen

203

Everglades Bay Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d Hector Garcia BEFORE

AFTER

204

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APARTMENT VIEWS

206

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Infrastructure & Energy

University of Florida & Partner Institutions

209

TransPort

Matthew Vetterick | Kaylee Delhagen Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

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TransPort

Matthew Vetterick | Kaylee Delhagen Transportation is the linchpin of Miami, as the movement of goods and people is among the primary industries that allow Miami to thrive. The two primary transportation hubs for both goods and people are the Miami International Airport (MIA) and Port Miami. MIA is currently undergoing major renovations due to aging facilities and runways. By the year 2050, MIA is expected to increase by 20 million passengers a year. PortMiami is also expecting substantial growth both in number of cruise passengers and number of shipping containers. Both MIA and PortMiami have no more room in their current locations to expand for this expected growth. In order to alleviate the strain on these two primary hubs, we propose building an entirely new airport and re-locating the existing port. The new Air+Port would be located three miles off the coast of Miami Beach, which would allow for saving in fuel used in ships and shorter travel distances into Miami and Miami Beach for visitors. As a means of protection against storm surge, an arrangement of barrier islands would be incorporated into the overall structure of the new facility, with the primary barrier island being the new port and the secondary one an ecological barrier island that partially sits under the raised airport. In order to offset some of the costs of construction, the current port would be redeveloped as a mixed-used community to accommodate population in the greater Miami area.

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DENSITY

214

MASTER PLAN

215

(MIA) PASSENGER TRAFFIC + EXPECTED 216

750-800 ACRES MORE FOR 20M PASSENGERS 217

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PROPOSED RAIL CONNECTIONS 219

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

220

221

AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE CURVE

222

WATERWAYS UNDER PRESERVATION

223

AIR + PORT

224

225

Infra structure & Energy

The Miami-Havana Ferry Connection William Arthur

Assoc. Prof. Michael Kuenstle | Prof. Alfonso Perez-Mendez

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The Miami-Havana Ferry Connection William Arthur

GROWTH OF HAVANA 1519-1900 1500-1600

1600-1750

1750-1850

1850-1900

228

Until October 31, 1962, it was possible to travel by overnight ferry from Miami, Florida to Havana, Cuba. The end of this service, and other tourist-related industries in Cuba marked the closing of an era which saw rapid expanses in hotel, shopping and entertainment establishments. The effects of this tourism were two-directional and profoundly affected the fabric of both cities. While U.S. tourism to Cuba has been frequently highlighted, the steady stream of Cuban middle class tourism to Miami was also a significant component of the development of a sustainable industry in South Florida. The physical connection between the cities of Miami and Havana via ferry was crucial for the tourism business, and also of important cultural significance in contributing to the impression of a seamless cultural continuity across the sea. Reconnecting the ferry service and its public exposure would act upon the collective mind in strengthening the link between the two cities, and reinstate the reciprocities in tourism and culture as well as socio-political and economic exchange. Miami-Havana Ferry Connection explores the reciprocal potential that public/private investment in enhancing the ferry service might have for urban development and economic opportunities.

Terminal Design: Havana Section Through Building Envelope + Courtyard Space

Terminal Design: Miami Section Through Main Concrete Structure + Courtyard 229

PROPOSED VIEW BETWEEN THE AMERICAN AIRLINES ARENA & THE NEW TERMINAL 230

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PROPOSED HAVANA TERMINAL UNDER CONSTRUCTION

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Virginia Key Water Treatment Krista Farmer | Lok Wong

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

235

Virginia KeyWater Treatment Krista Farmer | Lok Wong

A growing population, aging infrastructure, and salt water intrusion pose a significant threat to the Biscayne aquifer and the quality of water throughout Miami-Dade Country. It is becoming increasingly urgent to address means to provide a clean water sources that anticipates a growth in need while protecting the limited water supply available to Miami. Aging wastewater and water treatment infrastructure is expected to cost over $1 billion to repair. The 62 year old Central district waste water treatment plant situated on Virginia Key is at risk from rising seas and storm surge beginning at 3 feet. Through a phased decommissioning of the old plan and decentralization to the mainland, Virginia Key is transformed into an ecological water treatment park that promotes educational awareness and provide social space for outdoor recreation. 236

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2015 2,724,623 people

2020 2,885,439 people

2030 3,206,287 people 238

AGING INFRASTRUCTURE AT RISK 239

Decentralized Plant

THE NEW VIRGINIA KEY

240

SITE PLAN

241

Blue Rescue Jaeyoung Joo | Chang Liu

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

243

Blue Rescue Jaeyoung Joo | Chang Liu

The city of Miami faces challenges of urban sprawl, heavy rain, and flooding of its environment. The change in the flow of water through the Floridian and Biscayne Aquifer has exacerbated the issue of water in the region. It is projected that up to 70 % of the drainage capacity of the 28 coastal flood/salinity control structures protecting southeast Florida from flooding and saltwater intrusion could be lost with sea level rise at less than 1 foot. Adaption solutions may require the addition of high-capacity pumping stations costing millions of dollars each. The Blue Rescue focuses on the need for new pumping stations and fresh water demands by creating pumping stations parks. The project focuses on the need for the new pumping stations and fresh water by creating pumping station parks located in the most vulnerable areas in Miami that would hold water during flooding and provide recreation areas by incorporating social infrastructure unique to the neighborhood it occupies.

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Miami is SINKING 245

RESCUE CENTERS

246

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ARTIFICIAL BASINS

PUMP FIELDS

248

OBSERVATORY

PROMENADE

BOTANICAL GARDEN

VERTICAL FARMING

249

PUMP STATION IN USE DURING FLOODING SITUATION

250

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PLAZA DURING A FLOOD 252

253

Tri-Line Chen Lien | Zhizhou Wang

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

255

Tri-Line Chen Lien | Zhizhou Wang

The city of Miami currently faces three threats: the rising seas, increase in storm intensity, and tidal flooding. The goal of this project is to tackle these issues through a series of interventions that will combine the strategies of discharge, storage, and fortification to mitigate the effects of climate change. Increased watersheds into the Miami River, Little River, and the C-8 canal is alleviated by the introduction of the Blue Line, a new canal system that runs parallel to an existing cargo rail line. The Blue line will hold and delay water flow using ecology to filter water before being introduced into the Biscayne Bay. The Green Line provides parks and diverse habitats while acting as a green land reservoir in the event of heavy rain or flooding. Finally, the Red Line is a floodable fortification that runs along the Biscayne Bay waterfront introducing civic amenities and recreation areas in order to provide phases protection against the rising seas over the next century

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TRI-LINE URBAN STRATEGIES

258

WATER CIRCULATION

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262

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Eco-Tricity Blaire Davis | Mason Ip

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark | Arch. Kai-Uwe Bergmann

267

3â&#x20AC;&#x2122; SEA LEVEL RISE IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY 268

Eco-Tricity Blaire Davis | Mason Ip

With the ever growing population in Miami, the city looks to meet its energy demands by the year 2100 and the existing infrastructure has its flaws. The Turkey Point Nuclear Generation Station, located 20 miles south of the city of Miami is exposed and vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surge, and hurricane damage. With a combined capacity of 3300 MW, Turkey Point is the largest generating station in Florida, the sixth largest power plant in the United States, and supplies all of south Florida with nuclear power. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 impacted development and communities within a 50 mile radius in Japan. A similar disaster at Turkey Point would seriously impact the entire Miami-Dade county area, including the 161,566 people living within a 10 mile radius of the station. Less perilous but equally problematic is the huge demand of nuclear energy on water sources. Currently, Turkey Point requires approximately 114 million gallons of water for cooling. With the Gulf Stream a mere 25 miles off the coast of Miami, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time for Florida to consider the benefits and the potential of tidal power generation. Eco-TriCity is located in the Gulf Stream 21 miles east of Miami where a tidal energy turbine array is proposed to replace all of the nuclear energy generated by Turkey Point. Phase one of the development includes a Tidal Research Institute as its anchor to propose a new age of energy generation.

Depth of Site

DEPTH OF SITE

269

270

MELTDOWN IMPACT IN SOUTH FLORIDA

271

NUCLEAR GAS

Productivity

3 GWh

114 million gallons/day

Productivity

0 GWh

0 million gallons/day

million population) : 3.4 GWs (24,125 GWh)

272

30 24

“Nuclear Power generates nuclear waste that has to b kept apart from people for something like one to six million years. We don’t have any idea how to protect something for a miillion years.”- South Miami Mayor Phillip Stodard (may 2013)

Nuclear Reactors

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

Spent Nuclear Waste

2015 Katrina

1992

Opal

1990

Category 5

Category 2

Floyd

Category 4

Andrew

Storm Surge Height (Feet)

Turkey Point Nuclear Plant

Years

273

The power plant of the future...

274

...covers 71% of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface

275

TIDAL INSTITUTE

276

277

DEVELOPMENT PHASES

278

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Mobility

PROGRAM DIAGRAMS

279

280

PROPOSED VIEWS

281

284

285

$120.00 ISBN 978-0-578-74782-8

12000>

9 780578 747828