Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Chapter 3: West Bank and Gaza: Links among Income, Jobs, and Food 93

References Atamanov, Aziz, and Nethra Palaniswamy. 2018. “West Bank and Gaza Poverty and Shared Prosperity Diagnostic 2011–2017.” World Bank, Washington, DC. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2016. Methods for Estimating Comparable Rates of Food Insecurity Experienced by Adults throughout the World. Rome: FAO. Gansey, Romeo, Alia Aghajanian, and Jawad Al-Saleh. Forthcoming. Welfare and Distributional Impacts of Covid-19 in the West Bank and Gaza. Washington, DC: World Bank. OCHA (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations). 2020a. “COVID-19 Emergency Situation Report 1, March 24.” OCHA, East Jerusalem. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/covid-19 -emergency-situation-report-1. OCHA (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations). 2020b. “COVID-19 Emergency Situation Report 6 (21–28 April 2020).” OCHA, East Jerusalem. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/covid-19 -emergency-situation-report-6. PCBS (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics). 2018. “Socio-Economic and Food Security Survey.” https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents /socio-economic_food_security_survey_sefsec_2018_full_repor_02.09t.pdf. PCBS (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics). 2020. “Press Release on the Results of the Labour Force Survey Second Quarter 2020 (April–June 2020).” Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Ramallah, Palestine. http://www.pcbs .gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_Ar_9-9-2020-LF-ar.pdf. Roser, Max, and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina. 2021. COVID-19 Data Explorer (published online at OurWorldInData.org), https://ourworldindata.org /explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer. World Bank. 2020. “Economic Developments in the Palestinian Territories.” World Bank, Washington, DC. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country /westbankandgaza/publication/economic-developments-in-the-palestinian -territories-november-2020. World Bank. 2021. Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee. Washington, DC: World Bank.

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Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Published on Jan 20, 2022

World Bank Publications

"COVID-19 is one of multiple crises to have hit the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in the decade following the Arab Spring. War, oil price declines, economic slowdowns, and now a pandemic are tearing at the social fabric of a region characterized by high rates of unemployment, high levels of informality, and low annual economic growth. The economic costs of the pandemic are estimated at about US$227 billion, and fiscal support packages across MENA are averaging 2.7 percent of GDP, putting pressure on already weak fiscal balances and making a quick recovery challenging. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, MENA was the only region in the world experiencing increases in poverty and declines in life satisfaction. Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region investigates how COVID-19 changed the welfare of individuals and households in the region. It does so by relying on phone surveys implemented across the region and complements these with microsimulation exercises t

Articles inside

Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Articles inside

Introduction

Transmission Channels

Conclusion

Large Poverty Setbacks

Sensitivity Analysis

Key Messages

References

Sector and More Likely to Work in Sectors Affected during the Pandemic

Impacts on Household Welfare and Poverty

How the Study Is Conducted

Suffer the Biggest Income Losses

How This Study Fits into the Literature on Economic Shocks

References

Future Scenarios

An Innovative Methodological Approach

Key Messages

References

Notes

How the Study Is Conducted

Precrisis Situation: Poverty and Labor Markets

Introduction

Notes

Key Messages

Conclusion

5.3 Most Djiboutians Are Returning to Normal Workloads

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Key Messages

Which Households Were Most Likely to Declare Lower Living Standards

during the COVID-19 Surge

Distributed in Key Transmission Channels

Phone Surveys to Quickly Check on Living Standards

References

Conclusion

Key Messages

Introduction

A Complex Link: Food Insecurity, Income Loss, and Job Loss

COVID-19 Impacts on Household Welfare

More Than Doubled

Key Messages

Impacts on Employment: Work Stoppages

Reference

2.1 Limitations of Phone Surveys

Conclusion

to Paint a COVID-19 Picture

Key Messages

Introduction

Preexisting Structural Problems

Introduction

Key Messages

Future Shocks

COVID-19-Induced Shocks

Notes

Message 2: COVID-19 Is Just One of the Severe Socioeconomic Challenges Facing the Region

References

Variations in Size and Timing of Containment Measures