1.1 Geographic distribution of monetary poverty head count ratio, 2018

MAP 1.1

Geographic distribution of monetary poverty head count ratio, 2018

Poverty rate (%) 58.8–63.1 53.0–58.7 44.4–52.9 38.5–44.3 31.0–38.4 21.7–30.9 13.8

Sources: Chad INSEED 2018 (ECOSIT 4) and World Bank 2020. W N

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The regional variation in poverty is amplified by geographic disparities in market access and connectivity. Poverty is concentrated in rural and isolated areas, where access to public services and connectivity to the rest of the country are quite limited. An analysis of market access indicates that a large portion of the population lives more than an hour’s drive from the nearest market. This geographic distance is compounded by a lack of private vehicle ownership and limited public transit options. There is significant overlap between regions with poor market access and those with high rates of multidimensional poverty. Furthermore, public service delivery is hindered by severe infrastructure constraints: many roads lack proper maintenance, while others are vulnerable to insecurity. Improving the capacity of local governments to deliver goods and services in rural areas, which will significantly contribute to poverty reduction, will require complementary improvements in infrastructure, transportation, connectivity, and security.

The wide spatial disparity in poverty is a key factor influencing domestic migration, acting both as a motivation for migrating and as a barrier to mobility. As of 2018,42 percent of the working-age population had migrated at some point in their lives. Welfare status influences migration decisions, with a higher percentage of nonpoor than poor working-age individuals migrating domestically. The lower rates of poverty among migrants may point to the economic benefits