1.2 Geographic distribution of multidimensional poverty index, 2018

MAP 1.2

Geographic distribution of multidimensional poverty index (MPI), 2018

MPI 71.1–74.2 69.7–71.0 65.5–69.6 64.6–65.4 59.0–64.5 57.3–58.9 18.2–57.2

Sources: Chad INSEED 2018 (ECOSIT 4) and World Bank 2020. W N

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of migration, but they are also influenced by selection bias: poverty itself may prevent some individuals from migrating.

Chad’s migration phenomenon does not accelerate urbanization. The country’s urbanization rate is very low compared to the SSA average and has remained broadly unchanged for 25 years. Indeed, poor migrants disproportionately migrate from rural areas to other rural communities: 74 percent of poor migrants were previously located in rural areas, of which 87 percent ended up in another rural location. Only 4 percent of poor migrants originating in rural communities move to N’Djamena, and 9 percent move to other urban areas. Nonpoor migrants, however, demonstrate greater mobility: those in rural communities still disproportionately migrate to other rural areas, but at a lower rate than their poor counterparts. A larger proportion of nonpoor migrants move to N’Djamena: 16 percent of those who originated in rural areas and 27 percent of those who originated in other urban areas. Variations in migration patterns between poor and nonpoor households are likely influenced by the unique barriers to migration experienced by the poor. While poor individuals may be less able to migrate due to financial constraints, they potentially stand to benefit more from migration, particularly if they move from rural to urban areas. In Chad, poor people migrate to follow their parents (24 percent), rejoin their family (21 percent), get married (33 percent), look for better opportunities (7 percent),