USA Corporate Tax Guides

Page 1

Worldwide Corporate Tax Guide 2022

New York, New York GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

1 Manhattan West

New York, NY 10001

+1 (212) 773-3000

Fax: +1 (212) 977-9359

+1 (212) 773-5116 +1 (212) 773-5582 +1 (212) 773-5583 +1 (212) 773-5584

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

David Abrahams

+ 1 (212) 773-1212 (resident in Hoboken)

Humberto Allemant Salas

Mobile: +1 (201) 661-1126 Email: david.abrahams@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-6246

Mobile: +1 (917) 497-2877 Email: humberto.allemant@ey.com

Anthony Ammirato +1 (516) 336-0204 (resident in Jericho) Mobile: +1 (631) 965-2153 Email: anthony.ammirato@ey.com

Rebecca Attwell

Matthew Berger

+1 (212) 773-0519 Mobile: +1 (347) 306-8722 Email: rebecca.attwell@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-4440 Mobile: +1 (908) 675-4044 Email: matthew.berger@ey.com

Peter Breckling +1 (516) 336-0227 (resident in Jericho) Mobile: +1 (631) 988-1822 Email: peter.breckling@ey.com

Anne Buscaglia, +1 (212) 773-0276

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (917) 549-0081 Email: anne.buscaglia@ey.com

David Caracciolo +1 (203) 674-3025 (resident in Stamford) Mobile: +1 (646) 250-8636 Email: david.caracciolo@ey.com

 Danielle C. Clark, Global Withholding +1 (203) 674-3693

Tax Reporter, Financial Services

Mobile: +1 (914) 414-3233 Organization (resident in Stamford) Email: danielle.clark@ey.com

Leland J. Cleland +1 (212) 773-4044

Mobile: +1 (713) 553-8417 Email: leland.cleland@ey.com

Catherine Daly, +1 (212) 773-1539

Financial Services Organization

Joseph Esperance

Mobile: +1 (914) 954-3367 Email: catherine.daly@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-7174 Mobile: +1 (917) 520-7943 Email: joseph.esperance@ey.com

Karen Ganesh, +1 (212) 773-3070 Financial Services Organization Email: karen.ganesh@ey.com

Marc D. Ganz

+1 (212) 773-2229

Mobile: +1 (917) 613-8766 Email: marc.ganz@ey.com

Bryan Glanzberg +1 (212) 773-8512 Mobile: +1 (732) 616-5764 Email: bryan.glanzberg@ey.com

1877 United States ey.com/GlobalTaxGuides

John Griffin,

International Tax

+1 (212) 773-1998

Mobile: +1 (914) 953-3691

Quantitative Services Email: john.griffin02@ey.com

JD Hamilton

 Chris J. Housman, Financial Services

+1 (212) 773-8350

Mobile: +1 (917) 647-0384 Email: jd.hamilton@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-6490

Mobile: +1 (704) 776-1968 and Transaction Services Leader Email: chris.housman@ey.com

Organization Region — International Tax

Serge Huysmans

Zsuzsanna Kadar

Mitchell Kops

Keith E. Kube,

+1 (212) 773-2710

Mobile: +1 (917) 861-9230 Email: serge.huysmans@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-5453

Mobile: +1 (203) 609-1504 Email: zsuzsanna.kadar@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-4983

Mobile: +1 (203) 589-5169 Email: mitchell.kops@ey.com

+1 (201) 551-5064 Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (917) 952-8525 (resident in Hoboken) Email: keith.kube@ey.com

Dennis Kriek

+1 (212) 773-5212

Mobile: +1 (917) 769-1685 Email: dennis.kriek@ey.com

David Lasker, +1 (212) 773-1999 Financial Services Organization Email: david.lasker@ey.com

Lisa Lim

+1 (212) 773-4756

Mobile: +1 (646) 812-5694 Email: lisa.lim@ey.com

Lauren Lovelace, +1 (212) 773-8790 Financial Services Organization

Marcellin Mbwa-Mboma

Daniel Minkis

Mobile: +1 (646) 483-2927 Email: lauren.lovelace@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-4784

Mobile: +1 (203) 451-2453 Email: marcellin.mbwamboma@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-7085

Mobile: +1 (646) 660-0095 Email: daniel.minkis@ey.com

Tina Minozzi, +1 (212) 773-1348 International Tax Quantitative Services Email: tina.minozzi@ey.com

Leo F. Naughton

+1 (212) 773-4998

Mobile: +1 (914) 519-7032 Email: leo.naughton@ey.com

Karen Petrosino, +1 (212) 773-0375

Financial Services Organization

Zach Pouga

Mobile: +1 (551) 579-2664 Email: karen.petrosino@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-8518 Email: zach.pouga.tinhaga@ey.com

James D. Sauer +1 (212) 773-1161 Mobile: +1 (646) 359-2447 Email: james.sauer@ey.com

Dmitri Semenov,

Financial Services Organization

+1 (212) 773-2552

Mobile: +1 (347) 528-7598 Email: dmitri.semenov@ey.com

Donna Siemaszko, +1 (212) 773-1908

International Tax Mobile: +1 (646) 894-8524

Quantitative Services Email: donna.siemaszko@ey.com

Tony Sportelli

+1 (212) 773-5417

Mobile: +1 (732) 832-6240 Email: anthony.sportelli@ey.com

Michael Stamm, +1 (212) 773-4946

International Tax Quantitative Services Email: michael.stamm@ey.com

1878 u ni TED s T aTE s

Charlene Tsai,

+1 (201) 551-5238

Email: charlene.tsai@ey.com (resident in Hoboken)

Financial Services Organization

Charlie Walsh

Jeffrey A. Weiss

+1 (516) 336-0274

Mobile: +1 (631) 708-4529

Email: charlie.walsh@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-0626

Mobile: +1 (917) 952-8199

Email: jeffrey.weiss@ey.com

Ann Wilbur, +1 (212) 773-0909

International Tax Quantitative Services

International Transactions

Frank A. Caratzola

Cindy Lin

Gabe Taubenfeld

Mobile: +1 (917) 902-0569

Email: ann.wilbur@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-6388

Mobile: +1 (917) 331-8059

Email: frank.caratzola@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-8057

Mobile: +1 (646) 715-2030

Email: cindy.lin1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-2030

Mobile: +1 (516) 318-5930

Email: gabe.taubenfeld@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network (for Asia-Pacific and Latin America Tax desks, see separate listings in this chapter)

Asmaa Ali, Middle East and +1 (212) 773-1657 North Africa (MENA)

Email: asmaa.ali1@ey.com

Mark Alon, Israel +1 (212) 773-7087

Email: mark.alon1@ey.com

Tobias Appl, Germany +1 (212) 536-1318

Email: tobias.appl2@ey.com

Sarah Belshaw, United Kingdom +1 (212) 466-9157

Email: sarah.belshaw1@ey.com

Michael Bertschinger, Switzerland +1 (212) 466-9855

Email: michael.bertschinger1@ey.com

Sebastiaan Boers, Netherlands +1 (312) 879-3682 (resident in Chicago)

Mobile: +1 (408) 904-9678

Email: sebastiaan.boers1@ey.com

Jasan Bsharat, Germany +1 (212) 773-7213

Email: jasan.bsharat1@ey.com

Jose Antonio Bustos, BEPS +1 (212) 773-9584

Email: joseantonio.bustos@ey.com

Andres Carracedo, Spain +1 (212) 773-2482

Email: andres.carracedo.insua1@ey.com

Karl Doyle, Ireland +1 (408) 947-4977 (resident in San Jose)

Email: karl.doyle@ey.com

Gamze Durgun, Turkey +1 (212) 466-9542

Email: gamze.durgun1@ey.com

Eric Duvoisin, Switzerland +1 (212) 773-0762

Email: eric.duvoisin@ey.com

Deirdre Fenton, Ireland +1 (212) 773-0019

Email: deirdre.fenton1@ey.com

Job Grondhout, Netherlands +1 (415) 984-7684 (resident in San Francisco)

Email: job.grondhout@ey.com

Lital Haber, Israel +1 (212) 466-9677

Email: lital.haber1@ey.com

Daan Hoogwegt, Netherlands +1 (312) 879-3698 (resident in Chicago)

Email: daan.hoogwegt1@ey.com

Serge Huysmans, BEPS +1 (212) 773-2710

Mobile: +1 (917) 861-9230

Email: serge.huysmans@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1879

Laura Katsma, Netherlands

+1 (415) 894-8923 (resident in San Francisco

Email: laura.katsma2@ey.com and San Jose)

Brigitte Keirby-Smith, Pan Africa

Gabor Kiss, Hungary

Richard Kocsis, Hungary

+1 (212) 466-9450

Email: brigitte.f.keirby-smith1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-1395

Email: gabor.kiss2@ey.com

+1 (415) 984-7772 (resident in San Francisco)

Oscar Kruse, Nordics

Email: richard.kocsis1@ey.com

+1 (212) 466-9967

Email: oscar.kruse1@ey.com

Paul Macdonald, United Kingdom +1 (212) 773-6406

Email: paul.macdonald1@ey.com

Terrence Melendez, Caribbean +1 (212) 773-2798 Email: terrence.melendez1@ey.com

Sylwia Migdal, Poland

+1 (212) 773-0095

Mobile: +1 (646) 595-7814 Email: sylwia.migdal1@ey.com

 Ana Mingramm, +1 (212) 773-9190 Head of Global Tax Desk Network Mobile: +1 (917) 328-8464 Email: ana.mingramm@ey.com

Maaike Muit, BEPS +1 (212) 773-2761 Email: maaike.c.muit@ey.com Trevor O’Brien, Canada +1 (416) 943-5435 Email: trevor.obrien@ca.ey.com

Dele Olaogun, Africa

+1 (212) 773-2546

Mobile: +1 (917) 952-3970 Email: dele.olaogun@ey.com

Xavier Picha, Luxembourg +1 (212) 536-1355 Mobile: +1 (917) 353-1059 Email: xavier.picha@ey.com Mathieu Pinon, France +1 (212) 773-2021 Email: mathieu.pinon1@ey.com Rodin Prinsen, Netherlands +1 (212) 773-0018 Email: rodin.prinsen1@ey.com

Andres Ramirez-Gaston, +1 (312) 879-3898 Luxembourg (resident in Chicago) Email: andres.ramirezgaston@ey.com Nadine Redford, BEPS +1 (212) 773-3786 Email: nadine.k.redford@ey.com

Daniel Rees, United Kingdom +1 (212) 360-9507 Email: daniel.w.rees1@ey.com

Melanie Rottgardt, Germany +1 (415) 894-8000 (resident in San Francisco) Email: melanie.rottgardt1@ey.com Stefan Ruest, Switzerland +1 (415) 894-4317 (resident in San Francisco) Email: stefan.ruest@ey.com

Thomas Schmitz, Germany +1 (212) 773-4014 Email: thomas.schmitz@ey.com

Graham Shaw, United Kingdom +1 (212) 773-6064 Mobile: +1 (646) 430-2119 Email: graham.shaw@ey.com

Francisco Silva, Portugal +1 (415) 984-7373 Email: francisco.silva1@ey.com

Dirk-Jan (DJ) Sloof, Netherlands +1 (212) 773-1903 (resident in New York) Mobile: +1 (917) 834-5748 Email: dirkjan.sloof@ey.com

Max ‘t Hart, Netherlands +1 (212) 466-9161 Email: max.t.hart1@ey.com

Frederic Vallat, France +1 (212) 773-5889 Mobile: +1 (646) 236-0530 Email: frederic.vallat@ey.com

1880 u ni TED s T aTE s

Willy van Exel, BEPS

Jean-Charles Van Heurck, BEPS

+1 (212) 773-3969

Email: willy.vanexel@ey.com

+1 (212) 360-9813

Email: jean-charles.van.heurck1@ ey.com

Bas van Stigt, Netherlands (OME) +1 (212) 773-7682

Pieter-Jan Wouters, Belgium

Emiliano Zanotti, Italy

Email: bas.van.stigt1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-7514

Email: pieter-jan.wouters1@ey.com

+1 (212) 360-9330

Email: emiliano.zanotti2@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network (Financial Services)

Alex Magee, United Kingdom

Paloma Nunez

+1 (212) 773-3130

Email: alex.s.magee1@ey.com

+1 (312) 468-2645 (resident in Chicago)

Aine O’Connor, Ireland

Alexandre Pouchard, Luxembourg

Email: paloma.nunez@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-7848

Email: aine.oconnor1@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-3007 (resident in Chicago)

Mobile: +1 (646) 675-3201

Email: alexandre.pouchard@ey.com

Lucy Wang, China Mainland +1 (312) 879-6305 (resident in Chicago)

Email: lucy.wang1@ey.com

Pablo Wejcman, +1 (212) 773-5129 Argentina and Latin America

Mobile: +1 (646) 295-8054

Email: pablo.wejcman@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network (Transaction Tax Advisory)

Chintan Gala, India +1 (212) 360-9667

Mobile: +1 (347) 574-2332

Email: chintan.gala@ey.com

Lars Goldhammer, Germany +1 (212) 773-0181

Email: lars.goldhammer1@ey.com

Taisuke Hamano, Japan +1 (212) 466-9994

Email: taisuke.hamano1@ey.com

Martijn Mulder, Netherlands +1 (212) 773-4581

Alex Prince, United Kingdom

Email: martijn.mulder2@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-1093

Mobile: +1 (917) 832-2461

Email: alex.prince@ey.com

Celso Sousa Paranhos, Brazil +1 (212) 466-9716 Email: celso.paranhos@ey.com

Edwin van Keulen, +1 (212) 773-7542

Transaction Tax Advisory Mobile: +1 (347) 237-6916 Desk Leader, Netherlands

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Dominik Betz

Luigi Bucceri

Ela Choina

(resident in Los Angeles)

Alex Cotopoulis

Email: edwin.vankeulen@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-0024

Mobile: +1 (917) 244-3887

Email: dominik.betz1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-5346

Mobile: +1 (347) 453-0616

Email: luigi.bucceri@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2935

Mobile: +1 (708) 351-8223

Email: ela.choina@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-8216

Mobile: +1 (917) 499-4688

Email: alex.cotopoulis@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1881

Gino Dossche

+1 (212) 773-6027

Mobile: +1 (646) 637-4191 Email: gino.dossche@ey.com

Edel Flynn +1 (212) 773-3759

Mobile: +1 (917) 972-2813 Email: edel.flynn@ey.com

Anne Freden, US Leader,

+1 (415) 894-8732

Mobile: +1 (925) 588-6212 (resident in San Francisco) Email: anne.freden@ey.com

VAT practice

Michael Gallacher

Yigal Harkavy

Maria Hevia Alvarez

Kishan Madhok

Rita Mate-Kasza

+1 (212) 773-7954

Mobile: +1 (917) 471-4348 Email: michael.gallacher@ey.com

+1 (212) 536-1332

Mobile: +1 (929) 343-8500 Email: yigal.harkavy1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-6754

Mobile: +1 (646) 831-2187 Email: maria.heviaalvarez@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-0051

Mobile: +1 (929) 228-6363 Email: kishan.madhok1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-0606

Mobile: +1 (929) 385-4603 Email: rita.mate-kasza1@ey.com

Steve Patton +1 (212) 773-2827 Mobile: +1 (917) 833-8713 Email: steve.patton1@ey.com

My Lai Phung

Claire Tam

+1 (212) 773-9838

Mobile: +1 (646) 256-3187 Email: my.lai.phung1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-5413

Mobile: +1 (347) 313-5418 Email: claire.tam@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – EMEIA Transfer Pricing –Global Tax Desk Network

Ronny Waldkirch, Germany

+1 (212) 773-9192 and EMEIA Transfer Pricing Mobile: +1 (917) 391-3867 Email: ronny.waldkirch1@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Asia-Pacific Business Group – Global Tax Desk Network

Sam Barrett, Asia-Pacific

+1 (312) 892-2759 Regional Tax, OME Email: sam.barrett1@ey.com (resident in Chicago)

David Burns, Australia +1 (212) 773-5280 Email: david.burns1@ey.com

Sherilyn Chan, Singapore +1 (212) 466-9669 Email: sherilyn.chan1@ey.com

Min Fei, China Mainland +1 (212) 773-5622 Mobile: +1 (917) 349-2381 Email: min.fei@ey.com

Chris J. Finnerty, +1 (212) 773-7479 Asia-Pacific Business Group Leader Mobile: +1 (208) 309-0689 Email: chris.finnerty@ey.com

Jessica Fulgencio, Philippines +1 (212) 466-9747 Email: jessica.divina.e.fulgencio1@ey.com

Kenny Guo, China Mainland +1 (312) 892-3195 (resident in Chicago) Email: kenny.guo1@ey.com

Luke Hookings, Australia +1 (212) 773-3000 Pratik Kamdar, India +1 (312) 892-2807 (resident in Chicago) Email: pratik.b.kamdar1@ey.com

1882 u ni TED s T aTE s

Pongpat Kitsanayothin, +1 (312) 879-6797 Asia-Pacific Regional Tax Email: pongpat.kitsanayothin@ey.com (resident in Chicago)

Clement Lim, Singapore +1 (312) 879-6344 (resident in Chicago) Email: clement.lim2@ey.com

Alvin Lin, China Mainland +1 (212) 360-9008 Email: alvin.sh.lin1@ey.com

Rex Lo, Hong Kong SAR +1 (212) 773-7590 Email: rex.lo1@ey.com

Ryan Lu, China Mainland +1 (212) 360-9650 Email: ryan.lu@ey.com

Gagan Malik, +1 (212) 773-5211 Asia-Pacific Regional Tax Email: gagan.malik1@ey.com

Amelia Malley, +1 (212) 360-9499 Asia-Pacific Operating Model Email: amelia.malley@ey.com Effectiveness

Shan Min Tay, Australia

+1 (212) 773-6342 Email: shan.tay1@ey.com

Aditya Modani, India +1 (669) 649-8967 (resident in San Jose) Email: aditya.modani1@ey.com

Pariyanuch Ngamcherdtrakul, +1 (212) 773-7512 Thailand Email: pariyanuch.ngamcherdtrakul1@ ey.com

Ly Nguyen, Vietnam +1 (212) 466-9748 Email: ly.vu-uyen.nguyen@ey.com

Aria Prakasa, Indonesia +1 (212) 773-3378 Email: aria.prakasa1@ey.com

Ajith Raghunath, +1 (212) 773-6046 Asia-Pacific Regional Tax Email: ajith.raghunath1@ey.com Naomi Ross, Australia +1 (212) 773-3000 (beginning October 2022) Dhara Sampat, +1 (212) 773-3340 Asia-Pacific Regional Tax Email: dhara.sampat2@ey.com Roshan Samuel, India +1 (212) 773-2776 Email: roshan.samuel1@ey.com

Deep Shah, India +1 (212) 773-7704 Email: deep.shah3@ey.com Young Ju Song, Korea (South) +1 (212) 773-4496 Email: young.ju.song1@ey.com

Ryuta Tosaki, Japan +1 (212) 466-9801 Email: ryuta.tosaki1@ey.com

Lucy Wang, China Mainland +1 (312) 879-6305 (resident in Chicago) Email: lucy.wang1@ey.com Charlotte Wong, +1 (212) 466-9746 Asia-Pacific Regional Tax Email: charlotte.wong1@ey.com

Diana Wu, China Mainland +1 (408) 947-6873 (resident in San Jose) Mobile: +1 (510) 676-6806 Email: diana.wu@ey.com

Di Yang, China Mainland +1 (212) 773-6825 Email: di.yang@ey.com

Bee-Khun Yap, Asia-Pacific +1 (212) 773-1816 Regional Tax/ASEAN Mobile: +1 (408) 608-4802 Email: bee-khun.yap@ey.com

Madeline Zulli, Australia +1 (212) 466-9749 Email: madeline.zulli1@ey.com

Asian Business Services

Hiro Furuya, Japanese Business

+1 (214) 754-3404 Services – Transfer Pricing Email: hiroaki.furuya@ey.com (resident in Dallas)

u ni TED s T aTE s 1883

Max Hata, Japanese Business

+1 (212) 773-5522 Services, Global and Americas Leader

Mobile: +1 (310) 387-5856 Email: max.hata@ey.com

Sandra Jin, China Mainland +1 (216) 583-4301 (resident in Cleveland) Mobile: +1 (614) 565-3638 Email: sandra.jin@ey.com

Sho Murai, Japanese Business

+1 (212) 773-9576 Services, Transfer Pricing

Mobile: +1 (475) 259-9036 Email: sho.murai1@ey.com

Pariyanuch Ngamcherdtrakul, +1 (212) 773-3000 Thailand (beginning September 2021)

Makoto Nomoto, Japan

+1 (212) 773-3794

Mobile: +1 (917) 743-0224 Email: makoto.nomoto@ey.com

Jo (Jiuhong) Xie, China Mainland +1 (312) 879-5114 (resident in Chicago)

Laura Wu, China Mainland

Mobile: +1 (440) 533-5747 Email: jiuhong.xie@ey.com

+1 (617) 585-0987 (resident in Boston)

Mobile: +1 (508) 479-5620 Email: laura.wu@ey.com

Xiaoqing Zhang, China Mainland +1 (617) 375-3792 (resident in Boston) Mobile: +1 (508) 479-6725 Email: xiaoqing.zhang@ey.com Wei Zheng, China Mainland +1 (212) 773-1719 Mobile: +1 (862) 703-9607 Email: wei.zheng1@ey.com

Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Zulay Arevalo, Colombia +1 (212) 773-9138 Email: zulay.a.arevalo.garcia1@ey.com

Jose Juan Carbajal Gastelum, +1 (212) 773-9556 Mexico Email: jose.carbajal@ey.com

Jesus Castilla, Mexico +1 (305) 415-1416 (resident in Miami) Email: jesus.castilla@ey.com Roberto Chapa Espinosa, Mexico +1 (212) 773-6790 Email: roberto.chapa@ey.com

Carmen Encarnacion +1 (305) 415-1644 (resident in Miami) Mobile: +1 (917) 972-5053 Email: carmen.encarnacion@ey.com

Mauricio Escandon, Mexico +1 (212) 773-5716 Email: mauricio.escandon.fernandez@ ey.com

Paulo Espindula +1 (305) 415-1311 (resident in Miami) Email: paulo.espindula@ey.com Carlos Gonzalez, Mexico +1 (713) 750-4517 (resident in Houston) Email: carlos.gonzalez2@ey.com Enrique Gonzalez Cruz, Mexico +1 (713) 750-8107 (resident in Houston) Mobile: +1 (832) 948-9943 Email: enrique.cruz@ey.com

Terri Grosselin +1 (305) 415-1344 (resident in Miami) Mobile: +1 (305) 495-1608 Email: terri.grosselin@ey.com Sofia D. Hernandez, Chile +1 (212) 773-5528 Email: sofia.d.hernandez@ey.com Rik Jansen, Mexico +1 (212) 773-1562 Mobile: +1 (718) 915-8540 Email: rik.jansen@ey.com

Aline Milla, Brazil +1 (212) 773-5365 Email: aline.milla@ey.com

1884 u ni TED s T aTE s

Tak Morimoto

+1 (213) 977-4320 (resident in Los Angeles)

Gabriela Moura, Mexico

Ernesto Ocampo

Mobile: +1 (310) 467-1924

Email: tak.morimoto@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-9409

Email: gabriela.moura1@ey.com

+1 (858) 535-7383 (resident in San Diego)

Agustina Paradiso, Argentina

Enrique Perez Grovas, Mexico

Mobile: +1 (619) 410-3642

Email: ernesto.ocampo@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-3688

Email: agustina.p.paradiso1@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-1594

Mobile: +1 (917) 499-0735

Email: enrique.perezgrovas@ey.com

Jose Manuel Ramirez, Mexico +1 (212) 773-3144

Email: jose.manuel.ramirez@ey.com

Naara Ramirez, Mexico

+1 (305) 415-1322 (resident in Miami)

Email: naara.y.ramirez@ey.com

Alejandra Sanchez De La Garza, +1 (312) 879-3597 Mexico (resident in Chicago)

Mobile: +1 (214) 437-0052

Email: alejandra.sanchez@ey.com

Adriana Sanmarti

+1 (305) 415-1906 (resident in Miami)

Email: adriana.sanmarti@ey.com

Manuel Solano +52 (55) 1101-6437 (resident in Mexico City)

New York: +1 (212) 773-8114

Mobile: +1 (646) 460-2610

Email: manuel.solano@ey.com

Ricardo Vargas, +1 (212) 773-2771 Mexico and Latin America

Mobile: +1 (914) 318-0023

Email: ricardo.vargas@ey.com

Pablo Wejcman, +1 (212) 773-5129 Argentina and Latin America

Mobile: +1 (646) 295-8054

Email: pablo.wejcman@ey.com

Luz Zapata, Mexico +1 (212) 466-9481

Email: luz.a.zapata.bonilla1@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Tax Desks Abroad

Russell Antonevich

+46 (8) 520-58-567 (resident in Stockholm)

Email: russell.antonevich@se.ey.com

Dmitri Bordeville +49 (6196) 996-24138 (resident in Frankfurt)

Email: dmitri.bordeville@de.ey.com

Ben Carter, Transfer Pricing +44 (20) 7806-9063 and Operating Management

Mobile: +44 7385-345-156 Effectiveness

Email: ben.carter@uk.ey.com (resident in London)

Paula Charpentier

+33 7-60-36-47-18 (resident in Paris)

Email: paula.charpentier@ey-avocats.com

Dr. Amir Chenchinski

+972 (3) 568-7124 (resident in Tel-Aviv)

Mobile: +972 (54) 473-6299

Email: amir.chenchinski@il.ey.com

Karen Coil +1 (403) 206-5158 (resident in Calgary)

Email: karen.coil@ca.ey.com

Lydia Conklin

+49 (89) 14331-21521 (resident in Munich)

Email: lydia.conklin@de.ey.com

Ryan Coupland

+1 (403) 206-5405 (resident in Calgary)

Mobile: +1 (403) 819-6643

Email: ryan.coupland@ca.ey.com

Austin Dail +49 (89) 14331-20072 (resident in Munich)

Email: austin.dail@de.ey.com

Tom Day +49 (89) 14331-16549 (resident in Munich)

Carmen L. Encarnacion

Mobile: +49 (160) 939-16549

Email: thomas.day@de.ey.com

+33 1-46-93-60-00 (resident in Paris)

u ni TED s T aTE s 1885

Ashley Fedyshyn

+852 2629-3195 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Email: ashley.fedyshyn1@hk.ey.com Richard E. Felske +1 (604) 643-5448 (resident in Vancouver) Mobile: +1 (514) 927-8236 Email: richard.e.felske@ca.ey.com

George B. Guedikian +1 (416) 943-3878 (resident in Toronto) Mobile: +1 (416) 710-0912 Email: george.b.guedikian@ca.ey.com

Max Hata +81 (3) 3503-1100 (resident in Tokyo)

Kevin Hughes

+852 2515-4107 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Email: kevin.m.hughes@hk.ey.com Zsuzsanna Kadar +49 (89) 14331-0 (resident in Munich) (beginning September 2022)

Leif Jorgensen

+44 (20) 7951-1445 (resident in London) Mobile: +44 7825-257-232 Email: ljorgensen@uk.ey.com Peter Kao +86 (21) 2228-2788 (resident in Shanghai) Email: peter.kao@cn.ey.com

Ann-Kristin Kautz +49 (6196) 996-24423 (resident in Frankfurt) Email: ann-kristin.kautz@de.ey.com Michael Kent +44 (20) 7951-9786 (resident in London) Mobile: +44 7385-345-155 Email: michael.kent2@uk.ey.com

Joe Kledis +973 3356-1183 (resident in Manama) Email: joe.kledis@bh.ey.com Christian Koller +41 (58) 286-46-75 (resident in Zurich) Email: christian.koller@ch.ey.com David Lanza +44 (20) 7951-7140 (resident in London) Email: david.lanza1@uk.ey.com Tal Levy +972 (3) 568-7151 (resident in Tel-Aviv) Email: tal.levy@il.ey.com Noah Lewis, +44 (20) 3523-4346 Head of US Desk Email: noah.lewis1@uk.ey.com (resident in London)

Ling Lin +86 (21) 2228-6830 (resident in Shanghai) Email: ling.lin3@cn.ey.com Jeremy F. Litton +852 2846-9888 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Email: jeremy.litton@ey.com Lilian Liu +852 2629-3896 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Email: lilian.l.liu@hk.ey.com Peggy Lok +852 2629-3866 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Mobile: +852 6012-0498 Email: peggy.lok@hk.ey.com

Josh McKniff +973 3360-1050 (resident in Manama) Email: josh.mcKniff@bh.ey.com

John Michalowski +44 (20) 7951-2000 (resident in London) David Padykula +44 (20) 7951-1864 (resident in London) Email: david.padykula@uk.ey.com

Chait Panday

+1 (416) 943-2072 (resident in Toronto) Email: chait.panday@ca.ey.com Michael Parets +41 (58) 286-3392 (resident in Zurich) Email: michael.parets@ch.ey.com

Radhika Patel +1 (416) 943-3264 (resident in Toronto) Email: radhika.patel@ca.ey.com

Campbell Perry +65 6718-1066 (resident in Singapore) Email: cap.perry1@sg.ey.com

Asif Rajwani +1 (416) 943-2626 (resident in Toronto) Mobile: +1 (416) 476-1712 Email: asif.rajwani@ca.ey.com

1886 u ni TED s T aTE s

Itai Ran

+972 (3) 623-2729 (resident in Tel-Aviv)

Mobile: +972 (54) 562-0281

Email: itai.ran@il.ey.com

Denis Rousseau

+1 (514) 879-8058 (resident in Montreal)

Mobile: +1 (514) 240-7786

Email: denis.rousseau@ca.ey.com

Amit Sachdeva

+44 (20) 7951-7071 (resident in London)

Mobile +44 7385-345-242

Email: amit.sachdeva4@uk.ey.com

Erica Scott-Young

+44 (20) 7951-8314 (resident in London)

Email: escott-young@uk.ey.com

Lee-Bryan Serota +49 (6196) 996-26450 (resident in Frankfurt)

Email: lee.b.serota@de.ey.com

Lu Shen +86 (21) 2228-8832 (resident in Shanghai)

Email: lu.shen@cn.ey.com

Hannah Shepley

+44 (20) 7951-4729 (resident in London)

Email: hannah.shepley2@uk.ey.com

Gabriel Soto +44 (20) 7951-7214 (resident in London)

Email: gabriel.soto2@uk.ey.com

Jillian Symes +44 (20) 7951-7863 (resident in London)

Mobile: +44 7717-782-501

Email: jsymes@uk.ey.com

Anna Tagalakis

+1 (514) 879-8215 (resident in Montreal)

Email: anna.tagalakis@ca.ey.com

Michael Teper

+1 (416) 943-2952 (resident in Toronto)

Email: michael.teper@ca.ey.com

Scott Thompson +44 (20) 7951-7140 (resident in London)

Email: scott.thompson2@uk.ey.com

Joe Toce +44 (20) 7951-0253 (resident in London)

Email: jtoce@uk.ey.com Sean Trahan +44 (20) 7197-0868 (resident in London)

Email: sean.trahan@uk.ey.com George Tsitouras +1 (514) 874-4427 (resident in Montréal)

Mobile: +1 (514) 993-4427

Email: george.tsitouras@ca.ey.com Andrea Walker +41 (58) 286-3111 (resident in Zurich)

Email: andrea.walker@ch.ey.com

Mallory Whitley +33 1-46-93-60-00 (resident in Paris) (beginning September 2022)

Emad Zabaneh

+1 (416) 943-2221 (resident in Toronto)

Mobile: +1 (416) 993-1738

Email: emad.m.zabaneh@ca.ey.com

Bridget Zhao +86 (21) 2228-8115 (resident in Shanghai)

Email: bridget.bj.zhao@cn.ey.com

Winona Zhao +852 2515-4148 (resident in Hong Kong SAR) Email: winona.zhao1@hk.ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

Sarah Belin-Zerbib, France, Financial +1 (212) 773-9835 Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (646) 713-7560

Email: sarah.belinzerbib@ey.com

Danielle C. Clark, +1 (203) 674-3693 Global Withholding Tax Reporter, Mobile: +1 (914) 414-3233 Financial Services Organization Email: danielle.clark@ey.com (resident in Stamford)

Lee Holt,

+1 (212) 773-9636 Capital Markets Leader

Mobile: +1 (917) 232-7056

Email: lee.holt@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1887

 Chris J. Housman,

+1 (212) 773-6490 Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (704) 776-1968 Region — International Tax and Email: chris.housman@ey.com Transaction Services Leader

Karla Johnsen

+1 (212) 773-5510

Mobile: +1 (347) 834-0423 Email: karla.johnsen@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Operating Model Effectiveness (OME)

Scott Layne

+1 (212) 773-1997

Mobile: +1 (516) 395-7352 Email: scott.layne@ey.com

Kendra McDermand +1 (703) 747-1133 (resident in Tysons)

Mobile: +1 (917) 769-5007 Email: kendra.mcdermand@ey.com

Al G. Paul +1 (202) 327-6056 (resident in Washington, DC) Mobile: +1 (703) 969-2352 Email: al.paul@ey.com

Ana Maria Romero +1 (212) 773-7165 Mobile: +1 (773) 272-1077 Email: anamaria.romero@ey.com

Jeffrey A. Weiss

+1 (212) 773-0626

Mobile: +1 (917) 952-8199 Email: jeff.weiss@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Anne Bost, +1 (212) 773-3635 Financial Services Organization Email: anne.bost@ey.com Jimmy Callaghan, +1 (212) 773-4803 Financial Services Organization Email: jimmy.callaghan@ey.com Greg Crough

+1 (212) 773-7648 Mobile: +1 (347) 266-0867 Email: greg.crough@ey.com David Elwell, +1 (201) 551-5011 Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (646) 467-3647 Email: david.elwell@ey.com Daniel Falk +1 (212) 360-9706 (resident in Jericho) Mobile: +1 (917) 502-4755 Email: daniel.falk@ey.com

Tracee J. Fultz, +1 (212) 773-2690 Global TP Competency Leader Mobile: +1 (917) 816-6452 Email: tracee.fultz@ey.com

Timothy Gunning, +1 (212) 773-5866 US-East Region Mobile: +1 (347) 703-7855 Transfer Pricing Leader Email: timothy.gunning@ey.com

Alex Gurevich, +1 (617) 585-0392 Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (617) 905-5922 (resident in Boston) Email: alexander.gurevich@ey.com Michael Halloran +1 (212) 773-7226 Mobile: +1 (646) 251-9634 Email: michael.halloran@ey.com

Robbert Kaufman +1 (212) 773-6046 Mobile: +1 (706) 825-6510 Email: robbert.kaufman@ey.com

Scott Layne +1 (212) 773-1997 Mobile: +1 (516) 395-7352 Email: scott.layne@ey.com

Keith Lowenhar +1 (201) 551-5026 (resident in Hoboken) Mobile: +1 (516) 205-3571 Email: keith.lowenhar@ey.com

1888 u ni TED s T aTE s

Anupam Malhotra

+1 (212) 773-9171

Mobile: +1 (646) 894-9592

Email: anupam.malhotra@ey.com

Mary Margiotta, +1 (212) 773-0249

Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (917) 208-3183

Email: mary.margiotta@ey.com

Sho Murai +1 (212) 773-9576

Atsushi Nishimura

Tatyana Pashova

Email: sho.murai1@ey.com

+1 (212) 360-9701

Email: atsushi.nishimura2@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-4830

Email: tatyana.pashova@ey.com

Ana Maria Romero +1 (212) 773-7165

Email: anamaria.romero@ey.com

Matthew Sambrook +1 (212) 360-9838

Mobile: +1 (604) 868-2696

Email: matthew.sambrook1@ey.com

Jonathan Thompson, +1 (212) 773-4791

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (929) 442-6470

Transfer Pricing Leader Email: jonathan.thompson2@ey.com

Norah Walsh

+1 (212) 773-3435

Email: norah.walsh@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Steve Clausen

Howard Gold

Elizabeth Harvey

Ilya Katsman

+1 (212) 773-2844

Mobile: +1 (917) 544-9936

Email: steve.clausen@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-3849

Mobile: +1 (646) 418-6347 Email: howard.gold@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-5726

Mobile: +1 (917) 526-0324

Email: elizabeth.harvey@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-0197

Mobile: +1 (212) 447-9934

Email: ilya.katsman@ey.com

 James Keim, +1 (212) 773-9447

US-East Region International Tax

Mobile: +1 (973) 202-3793 and Transaction Services Leader Email: james.keim@ey.com Brian Korbutt

+1 (212) 773-7830

Mobile: +1 (312) 485-3420

Email: brian.korbutt@ey.com

Karen Lambert

+1 (212) 773-2765

Mobile: +1 (203) 240-1640 Email: karen.lambert@ey.com

Allen Lin +1 (212) 773-8105

Mobile: +1 (347) 510-7951

Email: allen.lin1@ey.com

Gary Mandel

+1 (212) 773-3326

Mobile: +1 (917) 841-2080 Email: gary.mandel@ey.com

 Thomas Matragrano, +1 (212) 773-1824

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (646) 321-1661 Region – Transaction Tax Email: thomas.matragrano@ey.com Advisory Leader

Lynne Mauroner

+1 (212) 773-0625

Mobile: +1 (919) 949-4366

Email: lynne.mauroner@ey.com

Klaus Metz +1 (212) 773-4206

Mobile: +1 (516) 724-4056

Email: klaus.metz@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1889

Anthony W. Patten

+1 (212) 773-5764

Mobile: +1 (516) 343-6581 Email: anthony.patten@ey.com

Anthony D. Rao +1 (212) 773-5425

Mobile: +1 (201) 819-8536 Email: anthony.rao@ey.com

Alex Saffi

Eric Sapir

+1 (212) 773-9161

Mobile: +1 (203) 241-0347 Email: alexander.saffi@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-5293

Mobile: +1 (917) 440-0791 Email: eric.sapir@ey.com

David Shurberg, +1 (212) 773-1575

Financial Services Organization

Jonathan Stevens

Mobile: +1 (202) 361-7664 Email: david.shurberg@ey.com

+1 (212) 360-9203

Mobile: +1 (212) 991-8361 Email: jonathan.stevens@ey.com

Scott Walters +1 (212) 773-9158

Mobile: +1 (917) 232-2559 Email: scott.walters@ey.com

 Auri L. Weitz, +1 (212) 773-8809

Americas International

Mobile: +1 (516) 792-6453 Tax and Transaction Services Email: auri.weitz@ey.com

Private Equity Leader

Chris Wheeler

+1 (212) 773-2558 Mobile: +1 (202) 215-4553 Email: chris.wheeler@ey.com

Martin Williams, +1 (212) 773-1883 Financial Services Organization Email: martin.williams@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

+1 (212) 773-2801 Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002 Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com

Terence Cardew, +1 (212) 773-3628

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (551) 206-4088 Leader of Business Tax Services Email: terence.cardew@ey.com

Business Tax Advisory

Rebecca DiGangi

Global Compliance and Reporting

Tommy Rinaldo

Global Trade

Parag Agarwal

+1 (201) 551-5008 Mobile: +1 (646) 373-7600 Email: rebecca.digangi@ey.com

+1 (203) 674-3348 Email: tommy.rinaldo@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-6785 Email: parag.agarwal@ey.com

Sergio Fontenelle +1 (212) 466 9780 Mobile: +1 (347) 268-7215 Email: sergio.fontenelle@ey.com

Oleksii Manuilov

+1 (212) 773-5263 Mobile: +1 (917) 376-6911 Email: oleksii.manuilov@ey.com

Donahue & Partners LLP (Alliance Law Firm)

Jean-Baptiste Barberot, Luxembourg +1 (212) 787-1981 Mobile: +1 (347) 820-2699 Email: jeanbaptiste.barberot@dp.ey.com Emilie Boot, Netherlands +1 (212) 773-3000

1890 u ni TED s T aTE s

Julie Claeys, Belgium

+1 (212) 773-2112

Mobile: +1 (718) 213-6076

Email: julie.claeys@dp.ey.com

Mathieu Girotto, Luxembourg +1 (212) 466-9722

Mobile: +1 (917) 826-3868

Email: mathieu.girotto1@dp.ey.com

Janine Labusch, Luxembourg +1 (212) 360-9878

Mobile: +1 (718) 664-8041

Email: janine.labusch1@dp.ey.com

Lisa le Feber, Netherlands

Ralph Mulder, Netherlands

+1 (212) 466-9940

Mobile: +1 (347) 277-5635

Email: lisa.le.feber1@dp.ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2824 (resident in Chicago)

Christiane Rosenbaum, Germany

Mobile: +1 (646) 830-2484

Email: ralph.mulder@dp.ey.com

+1 (212) 773-9505

Mobile: +1 (347) 670-5778

Email: christiane.rosenbaum@dp.ey.com

Martijn Udo de Haes, +1 (212) 773-2392 Netherlands

Jan Verhaart, Netherlands

Mobile: +1 (347) 366-0922

Email: martijn.udodehaes@dp.ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8535 (resident in San Francisco)

Tax Technology and Transformation

Neil Bromberg

Mobile: +1 (415) 529-8741

Email: jan.g.verhaart@dp.ey.com

+1 (212) 773-9011

Email: neil.bromberg@ey.com

Courtney Ford +1 (201) 551-5145 (resident in Hoboken)

Email: courtney.ford@ey.com

Nicole Lugo +1 (212) 773-1162

Email: nicole.lugo@ey.com

Jon Meyer +1 (212) 773-3777

Email: jonathan.meyer@ey.com

Justin O'Brien +1 (201) 551-5033 (resident In Hoboken)

Email: justin.obrien@ey.com

Jeffrey Penn +1 (212) 466-9435

Email: jeffrey.penn@ey.com

Greg Reeves + 1 (212) 773-3208

Email: gregory.s.reeves@ey.com

Eric Romanoff +1 (212) 773-5720

Email: eric.romanoff@ey.com

Colleen Sebra +1 (212) 773-6238

Email: colleen.sebra@ey.com

Emma Coral Spektor +1 (212) 773-8335

Email: emma.spektor@ey.com

Mike Weinberg +1 (212) 773-2355

Email: mike.weinberg@ey.com

Atlanta, Georgia GMT -5

In general, all faxes to the persons listed below should be sent to their efax numbers. Please contact the persons listed below to obtain their efax numbers.

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (404) 874-8300

Fax: +1 (404) 817-4305 Suite 1000 Atlanta, GA 30308-2215

55 Ivan Allen Jr. Blvd.

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Jeffrey Greenstein

+1 (404) 817-5606

Mobile: +1 (678) 643-3024

Email: jeffrey.greenstein@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1891

Lewis King

Steve Skor

Steve Stoffel

+1 (404) 817-5471

Mobile: +1 (704) 941-9822

Email: lewis.king@ey.com

+1 (404) 817-4489

Mobile: +1 (678) 612-2955 Email: steve.skor@ey.com

+1 (404) 541-8488 Email: steve.stoffel@ey.com

Aaron Topol, +1 (404) 817-5459

US-Central Region Mobile: +1 (404) 444-3292

International Tax and Email: aaron.topol@ey.com Transaction Services Leader

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Brian Burrell

+1 (404) 541-7094

Mobile: +1 (404) 210-1606 Email: brian.burrell@ey.com

Jay Camillo, +1 (404) 817-5035

Global Operating Model Mobile: +1 (404) 226-4744 Effectiveness Leader Email: jay.camillo@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Brice Bostian

+1 (404) 541-7204 Email: brice.bostian@ey.com

Mary (Molly) Ericson, +1 (404) 817-5525

International Tax and Transaction Mobile: +1 (404) 354-6383 Services Bankruptcy Leader Email: molly.ericson@ey.com

Jeffrey Gibbs

+1 (404) 541-7136

Mobile: +1 (864) 275-5012 Email: jeffrey.gibbs@ey.com Donnie Stephenson +1 (404) 817-5135

Mobile: +1 (850) 572-9943 Email: donnie.stephenson@ey.com

Matt Taylor +1 (404) 817-4642 Email: matt.taylor@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Kendall Rector

Business Tax Services

 John Buice,

+1 (404) 541-7116 Email: kendall.rector@ey.com

+1 (404) 817-5925 Tax Market Leader Mobile +1 (404) 234-7079 Email: john.buice@ey.com

Global Trade

Cameron Gauntner

+1 (404) 817-5637

Mobile: +1 (404) 934-7773 Email: cameron.gauntner@ey.com

Austin, Texas GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (512) 478-9881

Fax: +1 (512) 473-3499 Suite 1800

401 Congress Avenue

Austin, TX 78701

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Jamie Thorvilson Wolfe

Global Compliance and Reporting

Logan Gearheart

+1 (512) 473-1689 Mobile: +1 (773) 383-6132 Email: jamie.thorvilson@ey.com

+1 (512) 542-7734 Email: logan.gearheart@ey.com

1892 u ni TED s T aTE s

Global Trade

Rodney Appling

Nesia Warner-Isidore

+1 (512) 473-1685

Mobile: +1 (713) 447-3068

Email: rodney.appling@ey.com

+1 (214) 969-9741 (resident in Dallas)

Mobile: +1 (512) 680-8409

Email: nesia.warner@ey.com

Baltimore, Maryland GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (410) 539-7940 621 East Pratt Street

Fax: +1 (410) 783-3832 Baltimore, MD 21202

Business Tax Advisory

Arun Subhas

Global Compliance and Reporting

Dave Schenck

+1 (410) 986-0961

Mobile: +1 (443) 413-4324

Email: arun.subhas@ey.com

+1 (410) 234-4344

Email: david.schenck@ey.com

Boston, Massachusetts GMT -5

In general, all faxes to the persons listed below should be sent to their efax numbers. Please contact the persons listed below to obtain their efax numbers.

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (617) 266-2000 200 Clarendon Street Boston, MA 02116

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

 Craig Hillier, Americas International +1 (617) 375-1283

Tax and Transaction Services Leader

Christopher Kelley

Michael F. Lutz

Mobile: +1 (617) 223-7252

Email: craig.hillier@ey.com

+1 (617) 375-2401

Mobile: +1 (617) 827-9162

Email: christopher.kelley@ey.com

+1 (617) 585-1899

Mobile: +1 (617) 905-8687

Email: mike.lutz@ey.com

Neelu Mehrotra, +1 (617) 585-0387

International Tax Quantitative

Email: neelu.mehrotra@ey.com Services (resident in Providence)

Elisabeth Schadae Percelay, +1 (617) 375-1405

Financial Services Organization Email: elisabeth.schadae.percelay@ey.com

Sonia Shah

+1 (617) 585-0466

Mobile: +1 (617) 233-7403

Email: sonia.shah@ey.com

Carter L. Vinson, +1 (617) 585-0961

Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (617) 455-2504

Email: carter.vinson@ey.com

Jacqueline Washburn, +1 (617) 585-3529

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (617) 816-8826

Email: jacqueline.washburn@ey.com

 Jeremy Welford, +1 (617) 375-1410

US-East Region International

Mobile: +1 (310) 480-1766

Corporate Tax Advisory Leader Email: jeremy.welford@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Legal Entity Rationalization

Denise Guarino

+1 (617) 585-3592

Mobile: +1 (978) 806-7714

Email: denise.guarino@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1893

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Lisa Blanchard

+1 (617) 375-8362

Mobile: +1 (617) 645-2736 Email: lisa.blanchard@ey.com

Kevin Burke +1 (617) 585-0446

Mobile: +1 (617) 869-1167 Email: kevin.burke@ey.com

Alexander Gurevich, +1 (617) 585-0392

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (617) 905-5922 Email: alexander.gurevich@ey.com

Candice King

Tony Noce

+1 (617) 585-0756

Mobile: +1 (781) 405-9309 Email: candice.king@ey.com

+1 (617) 375-1450

Mobile: +1 (617) 259-7156 Email: tony.noce@ey.com

Pablo Ornelas, +1 (617) 375-2324

Financial Services Organization Email: pablo.castroornelas@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Dane Heilner

+1 (617) 585-0771

Mobile: +1 (857) 654-6799 Email: dane.heilner@ey.com

Michael Jacoby +1 (617) 375-3787

Mobile: +1 (617) 755-7926 Email: michael.jacoby@ey.com

Doug Miller

Mark W. Pepler

Gary E. Silacci

+1 (617) 375-1490

Mobile: +1 (617) 694-2717 Email: douglas.miller@ey.com

+1 (617) 375-1489 Mobile: +1 (207) 837-1113 Email: mark.pepler@ey.com

+1 (617) 585-3423

Mobile: +1 (617) 359-6412 Email: gary.silacci@ey.com

Eric Wolpe +1 (617) 585-6865

Mobile: +1 (617) 965-0009 Email: eric.wolpe@ey.com

Chinese Business Services

Laura Wu +1 (617) 585-0987 Mobile: +1 (508) 479-5620 Email: laura.wu@ey.com

Xiaoqing Zhang +1 (617) 375-3792 Mobile: +1 (508) 479-6725 Email: xiaoqing.zhang@ey.com

Business Tax Advisory

Heather Sundram

Global Compliance and Reporting

Chad MacPherson, US-East

+1 (617) 585-0402

Mobile: +1 (267) 258-3177 Email: heather.sundram@ey.com

+1 (617) 585-0417

Corporate Income Tax Email: chad.macpherson@ey.com Market Co-Leader

Tax Policy and Controversy

Laura Prendergast

+1 (732) 516-4042 (resident in Metropark)

Mobile: +1 (732) 245-9920 Email: lauram.prendergast@ey.com

1894 u ni TED s T aTE s

Buffalo, New York GMT -5

In general, all faxes to the persons listed below should be sent to their efax numbers. Please contact the persons listed below to obtain their efax numbers.

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (716) 843-5000 1500 Key Tower

Fax: +1 (716) 843-5175 50 Fountain Plaza Buffalo, NY 14202

Global Compliance and Reporting

Rick Tan

+1 (716) 843-5187

Email: patrick.tan@ey.com

Charlotte, North Carolina GMT -5

In general, all faxes to the persons listed below should be sent to their efax numbers. Please contact the persons listed below to obtain their efax numbers.

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (704) 372-6300 Suite 3800

Fax: +1 (704) 331-1853 (Tax) 100 N. Tryon Street +1 (704) 331-1979 (Tax) Charlotte, NC 28202

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Nick D’Antoni

+1 (704) 335-4224

Mobile: +1 (843) 450-8222

Email: nick.dantoni@ey.com

Doug Bailey, +1 (704) 954-7853 Financial Services Organization Email: doug.bailey@ey.com C. Eddie Holland, +1 (704) 331-1939 Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (704) 604-7781 Email: eddie.holland@ey.com

Stephen Marquardt

+1 (704) 335-4262

Mobile: +1 (713) 470-7363

Email: stephen.marquardt@ey.com  Scott C. Shell

+1 (704) 331-2056

Mobile: +1 (704) 236-1381

Email: scott.shell@ey.com

Amanda Shumaker

+1 (919) 981-2985 (resident in Raleigh)

Email: amanda.shumaker@ey.com W. Shawn Smith, +1 (704) 331-1951 Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (704) 516-7822

Email: shawn.smith@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing Sarah McCarthy

+1 (704) 331-1809

Mobile: +1 (612) 414-5997

Email: sarah.mccarthy@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory George Harrison

+1 (704) 331-2082

Mobile: +1 (704) 451-6766

Email: george.harrison@ey.com

Global Trade

Jay Bezek

Business Tax Services

Keith Garus,

+1 (704) 331-1975

Mobile: +1 (704) 964-3431

Email: jay.bezek@ey.com

+1 (704) 331-1805 Tax Market Leader

Mobile: +1 (704) 280-3609

Email: keith.garus@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1895

Tax Technology and Transformation

Tim Carpenter

Mobile: +1 (704) 318-9160 Email: tim.carpenter@ey.com

Chris Dobson, +1 (704) 338-0592

Financial Services Organization Email: chris.dobson@ey.com Leader

Anne Farrar

+1 (704) 417-1342 Email: anne.farrar@ey.com

Natalie Phelan +1 (704) 331-2079 Email: natalie.phelan@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Kevin Larsh

+1 (704) 331-1995 Email: kevin.larsh@ey.com

Chicago, Illinois GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (312) 879-2000 155 North Wacker Drive

Fax: +1 (312) 879-4029 Chicago, IL 60606-1787

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Carl Bornholdt

Thomas W. Bottomlee

+1 (312) 879-3232 Mobile: +1 (847) 224-1577 Email: carl.bornholdt@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2780

Mobile: +1 (847) 962-7241 Email: tom.bottomlee@ey.com

Anthony Calabrese, +1 (312) 879-6037

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (312) 292-7801 Email: anthony.calabrese@ey.com

J Russell Carr

+1 (312) 879-4684 Mobile: +1 (847) 710-4684 Email: russell.carr@ey.com

Daniel Farrell, Financial Services +1 (312) 879-3033 Organization Email: dan.farrell@ey.com

Maureen Garcia +1 (312) 879-5313 Mobile: +1 (630) 632-2210 Email: maureen.garcia@ey.com

Kevin Glen, +1 (312) 879-6257

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (847) 987-9499 Email: kevin.glen@ey.com

Jeremiah James +1 (312) 879-3968 Email: jeremiah.james@ey.com

Melissa Mathias, +1 (312) 879-2984

Financial Services Organization Email: melissa.mathias@ey.com

Simon Moore +1 (312) 879-4580 Mobile: +1 (847) 275-5189 Email: simon.moore@ey.com

Michael Moran, +1 (312) 879-3144

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (646) 696-1347 Email: michael.moran2@ey.com

Chad Munz +1 (312) 879-2366 Mobile: +1 (224) 300-8710 Email: chad.munz@ey.com

Paul C. Pencak

+1 (312) 879-5152 Mobile: +1 (630) 712-7100 Email: paul.pencak@ey.com

Sean P. Thompson +1 (312) 879-3918 Mobile: +1 (847) 975-3708 Email: sean.thompson@ey.com

1896 u ni TED s T aTE s

Anna Voortman

Stacy Wabeke

Gregory R. Walker

+1 (312) 879-3264

Mobile: +1 (312) 480-6557

Email: anna.voortman@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-3297

Mobile: +1 (616) 430-1415

Email: stacy.wabeke@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2813

Mobile: +1 (773) 398-9095

Email: greg.walker@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network

Sebastiaan Boers, Netherlands

+1 (312) 879-3682

Mobile: +1 (408) 904-9678

Email: sebastiaan.boers1@ey.com

Daan Hoogwegt, Netherlands +1 (312) 879-3698

Sarah Logan, United Kingdom

Email: daan.hoogwegt1@ey.com

+1 (312) 892-2482

Email: sarah.logan2@ey.com

Andres Ramirez-Gaston, +1 (312) 879-3898 Luxembourg

Email: andres.ramirezgaston@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – EMEIA Financial Services –Global Tax Desk Network

Paloma Nunez

+1 (312) 468-2645

Email: paloma.nunez@ey.com

Alexandre Pouchard, Luxembourg +1 (312) 879-3007

Mobile: +1 (646) 675-3201

Email: alexandre.pouchard@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Asia-Pacific Business Group – Global Tax Desk Network

Sam Barrett, OME

+1 (312) 892-2759

Email: sam.barrett1@ey.com

Kenny Guo, China Mainland +1 (312) 879-2000

Email: kenny.guo1@ey.com

Pratik Kamdar, India +1 (312) 892-2807

Email: pratik.b.kamdar1@ey.com

Pongpat Kitsanayothin +1 (312) 879-6797

Email: pongpat.kitsanayothin@ey.com

Clement Lim, Singapore +1 (312) 879-6344

Email: clement.lim2@ey.com

Lucy Wang, China +1 (312) 879-6305

Email: lucy.wang1@ey.com

Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Alejandra Sanchez de la Garza, +1 (312) 879-3597

Mexico Mobile: +1 (214) 437-0052

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Ronan Le Gall

Email: alejandra.sanchez@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-5140

Email: ronan.legall@ey.com

Volodymyr Rog +1 (312) 892-2696

Mobile: +1 (412) 499-1674

Email: volodymyr.rog@ey.com

Global Trade

Nathan Gollaher

+1 (312) 879-2055

Mobile: +1 (630) 728-4778

Email: nathan.gollaher@ey.com

Sharon Martin +1 (312) 879-4837

Mobile: +1 (512) 922-4697

Email: sharon.martin1@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1897

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

Tim Kerr

Timothy J. Wichman

+1 (312) 879-2371 Email: tim.kerr@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2282

Mobile: +1 (202) 294-4208 Email: timothy.wichman@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing Melissa Cheng

+1 (312) 879-5980 Email: melissa.cheng@ey.com

 Rebecca Coke, +1 (312) 879-2762

US-Central Region Transfer Email: rebecca.coke@ey.com Pricing Leader

Wesley Cornwell

+1 (312) 879-4227

Mobile: +1 (773) 620-6568 Email: wes.cornwell@ey.com

Tobin E. Hopkins +1 (312) 879-3137

Mobile: +1 (312) 203-2790 Email: tobin.hopkins@ey.com

Mischa van der Kamp

+1 (312) 879-6599

Mobile: +1 (312) 730-2300 Email: mischa.vanderkamp@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Michele Burtschi, +1 (312) 879-2992

International Tax and Mobile: +1 (317) 431-4284

Transaction Services Email: michele.burtschi@ey.com Tax Quality Leader

Joshua Ebner

+1 (312) 879-2960 Email: joshua.ebner@ey.com

Matthew Hofheimer +1 (312) 879-2515 Email: matthew.hofheimer@ey.com

Mark Lowry +1 (312) 879-3699 Mobile: +1 (847) 421-8137 Email: mark.lowry@ey.com

John Simon +1 (312) 879-4300 Mobile: +1 (770) 403-0033 Email: jfsimon@ey.com

Steve Starzynski

+1 (312) 879-4818 Mobile: +1 (415) 260-2445 Email: steve.starzynski@ey.com

Dan White, US-Central Region +1 (312) 879-4195

Transaction Tax Advisory Leader Mobile: +1 (314) 255-9991 Email: dan.white@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Kevin Chadwell,

+1 (312) 879-2884

Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (901) 219-8010 Email: kevin.chadwell@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Joseph Wohlleb

Business Tax Services

Kevin Chadwell,

+1 (513) 612-1456

Mobile: +1 (513) 391-1321 Email: joe.wohlleb@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-2884 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (901) 219-8010 Email: kevin.chadwell@ey.com

Tax Technology and Transformation

Coskun Cavusoglu

+1 (312) 879-5743 Email: coskun.cavusoglu@ey.com

Kimberly Deeb +1 (312) 879-3518 Email: kimberly.deeb@ey.com

1898 u ni TED s T aTE s

Andrea Gronenthal

Eric Rausch

+1 (312) 879-3158

Email: andrea.gronenthal@ey.com

+1 (312) 879-6241

Email: eric.rausch@ey.com

Cincinnati, Ohio GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (513) 612-1400 221 East 4th Street

Fax: +1 (513) 612-1730 Suite 2900 Cincinnati, OH 45202

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Tyler Martus

+1 (513) 612-1448

Email: tyler.martus@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Karl Rothfuss

Global Trade

Jack Harvey

Justin Shafer

+1 (513) 612-1568

Mobile: +1 (513) 307-5917

Email: karl.rothfuss@ey.com

+1 (513) 612-1586

Mobile: +1 (513) 295-9297

Email: jack.harvey1@ey.com

+1 (513) 612-1745

Mobile: +1 (513) 258-8687

Email: justin.d.shafer@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Paul Walker

Global Compliance and Reporting

Julie Brown

+1 (513) 612-1620

Email: paul.walker@ey.com

+1 (937) 225-0135

Email: julie.brown1@ey.com

Cleveland, Ohio GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (216) 861-5000 950 Main Avenue

Fax: +1 (216) 583-2013 Suite 1800 Cleveland, OH 44113

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Atirek Ratani

+1 (216) 583-1282

Email: atirek.ratani@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Rupesh Santoshi

+1 (412) 644-7814 (resident in Pittsburgh)

Mobile: +1 (612) 206-1510

Email: rupesh.santoshi@ey.com

Jeffrey Veleke

+1 (412) 644-0418 (resident in Pittsburgh)

Mobile: +1 (412) 889-4265

Email: jeffrey.veleke@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Jim Ramsey,

+1 (216) 861-5000 Tax Market Leader

Mobile: +1 (312) 523-9508

Email: james.ramsey@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Matthew Hofheimer

+1 (312) 879-2515 (resident in Chicago)

Email: matthew.hofheimer@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1899

Chinese Business Services

Sandra Jin

Global Compliance and Reporting

Amanda Schaub

+1 (216) 583-4301 Mobile: +1 (614) 565-3638 Email: sandra.jin@ey.com

+1 (614) 232-7418 Email: amanda.schaub@ey.com

Columbus, Ohio GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (614) 224-5678 Suite 200

Fax: +1 (614) 232-7939 800 Yard Street

Grandview Heights, OH 43212

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Atirek Ratani

+1 (216) 583-1282 (resident in Cleveland) Email: atirek.ratani@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Rupesh Santoshi +1 (412) 644-7814 (resident in Pittsburgh) Mobile: +1 (612) 206-1510 Email: rupesh.santoshi@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Matthew Hofheimer +1 (312) 879-2515 (resident in Chicago) Email: matthew.hofheimer@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Jim Ramsey, +1 (216) 861-5000 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (312) 523-9508 (resident in Cleveland) Email: james.ramsey@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Matt Prescott

+1 (614) 297-3400 Email: matthew.prescott@ey.com

Dallas, Texas GMT -6

EY

+1 (214) 969-8000

Fax: +1 (214) 969-8587 Suite 2000 Dallas, TX 75219

2323 Victory Avenue

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Phillsun Kang, +1 (214) 969-8871 Financial Services Organization Email: phillsun.kang@ey.com Gordon Lewaren, +1 (214) 969-0652 Financial Services Organization Email: gordon.lewaren@ey.com

Lisa Parnell, +1 (817) 348-6004 Financial Services Organization Email: lisa.parnell@ey.com Steven Penning +1 (214) 969-8649 Mobile: +1 (402) 250-5974 Email: steven.penning@ey.com

Riaz Salam +1 (214) 969-0861 Mobile: +1 (512) 767-5886 Email: riaz.salam@ey.com

Joy Scott +1 (214) 969-0843 Email: joy.scott@ey.com

Jamie Thorvilson Wolfe +1 (512) 473-1689 (resident in Austin) Mobile: +1 (773) 383-6132 Email: jamie.thorvilson@ey.com

1900 u ni TED s T aTE s

Jon Wyma

+1 (214) 969-9852

Mobile: +1 (214) 755-5552

Email: jon.wyma@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Barrett Benoit

+1 (214) 969-9772

Mobile: +1 (214) 597-3534

Email: barrett.benoit@ey.com

Hiro Furuya, Japanese Business +1 (214) 754-3404 Services — Transfer Pricing Mobile: +1 (972) 800-0488 Email: hiroaki.furuya@ey.com

Matt Jennings

+1 (214) 665-5076

Email: matt.jennings@ey.com

 Katherine Pinzon, +1 (713) 750-4655 Americas Transfer Mobile: +1 (305) 799-7674 Pricing Leader Email: katherine.pinzon@ey.com (resident in Houston)

Business Tax Advisory

Charles Carr, +1 (214) 754-3280 Private Client Services Email: charles.carr@ey.com

Jamison Meredith, +1 (214) 969-8119

US-West Region Mobile: +1 (214) 676-6364

Quantitative Services Leader Email: jamison.meredith@ey.com

Robert Stover +1 (214) 969-8321 Email: bobby.stover@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jay Fenlaw, US-West Tax and +1 (214) 969-8259

Finance Operate (TFO) Leader

Tax Policy and Controversy

Mobile: +1 (214) 707-3568 Email: jay.fenlaw@ey.com

Tina Boldt, Account and Interest +1 (214) 969-8476

Group Leader

Mobile: +1 (214) 478-9019 Email: tina.boldt@ey.com

Emron Pratt +1 (214) 969-9845

Mobile: +1 (214) 244-1493 Email: emron.pratt@ey.com

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Eva Velin

Global Trade

Armando Beteta

+1 (214) 969-8953

Mobile: +1 (972) 854-3563

Email: eva.velin1@ey.com

+1 (214) 969-8596

Mobile: +1 (972) 743-2639

Email: armando.beteta@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

John Dixson

Brandon Hayes

Kelly Worle

Mark Maurer

+1 (214) 754-3568

Mobile: +1 (214) 929-1605

Email: john.dixson@ey.com

+1 (408) 947-5615

Mobile: +1 (617) 320-0371

Email: brandon.hayes@ey.com

+1 (214) 969-0852

Mobile: +1 (480) 313-0508

Email: kelly.worle@ey.com

+1 (214) 969-8758

Mobile: +1 (917) 583-7147

Email: mark.maurer@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1901

Tax Technology and Transformation

Claire Dornak

+1 (713) 750-4918 Email: claire.dornak@ey.com

Stephen Hernandez +1 (214) 754-3432 Email: stephen.hernandez@ey.com

Denver, Colorado GMT -7

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (720) 931-4000

370 17th Street, Suite 4800 Fax: +1 (720) 931-4444 Denver, CO 80202

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Andrew J. Cooper

+1 (720) 931-4505

Mobile: +1 (720) 878-6900 Email: andrew.cooper@ey.com

John Ridgley +1 (720) 931-4758 Email: john.ridgley@ey.com

Tax Policy and Controversy

Alice Harbutte

Global Compliance and Reporting

Matt Lazzeri

+1 (720) 931-4011 Email: alice.harbutte@ey.com

+1 (720) 931-4676 Email: matt.lazzeri@ey.com

Detroit, Michigan GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (313) 628-7100

Fax: +1 (313) 628-7101 777 Woodward Avenue Suite 1000 Detroit, MI 48226-3529

One Kennedy Square

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory Derek Burgess

+1 (616) 336-8235 (resident in Grand Rapids) Mobile: +1 (616) 633-8297 Email: derek.burgess@ey.com

Steven C. DeMers

Greg Lambrecht

+1 (313) 628-8490 Mobile: +1 (734) 634-0019 Email: steven.demers@ey.com

+1 (313) 628-8536 Mobile: +1 (313) 220-1251 Email: greg.m.lambrecht@ey.com

Daniel McMann +1 (313) 628-8740 Mobile: +1 (313) 720-3389 Email: daniel.mcmann@ey.com

 Jeffrey M. Michalak, +1 (313) 628-8460 Global International Tax and Mobile: +1 (248) 207-1629 Transaction Services Leader Email: jeffrey.michalak@ey.com

Mark J. Mukhtar,

+1 (313) 628-7150

International Tax Quantitative Mobile: +1 (248) 840-0525 Services Email: mark.mukhtar@ey.com

Stephen E. Slazinski

Business Tax Services

Daniel F. Kelley,

+1 (313) 628-8909 Mobile: +1 (248) 703-8785 Email: stephen.slazinski@ey.com

+1 (313) 628-8929 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (312) 593-5355 Email: daniel.kelley@ey.com

1902 u ni TED s T aTE s

Indirect Tax

Chris Gunder,

US-Central Region

Leader of Indirect Tax

+1 (313) 628-8820

Mobile: +1 (330) 612-3251

Email: chris.gunder@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Mike Beeman

+1 (616) 336-8256 (resident in Grand Rapids)

Email: michael.beeman@ey.com

Wes Cornwell +1 (312) 879-4227 (resident in Chicago)

Email: wes.cornwell@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

John Simon

+1 (312) 879-4300 (resident in Chicago)

Tax Policy and Controversy

Trevor Wetherington

Chinese Business Services

Sandra Jin

Mobile: +1 (770) 403-0033

Email: jfsimon@ey.com

+1 (313) 628-8439

Mobile: +1 (248) 417-0040

Email: trevor.wetherington@ey.com

+1 (216) 583-4301 (resident in Cleveland)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jodie Cosbey

Mobile: +1 (614) 565-3638

Email: sandra.jin@ey.com

+1 (313) 628-8953

Email: jodie.cosbey@ey.com

Houston, Texas GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (713) 750-1500 1401 McKinney Street

Fax: +1 (713) 750-1501 Suite 2400 Houston, TX 77010

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Sarah Busker

+1 (713) 750-1598

Mobile: +1 (281) 627-4331

Email: sarah.busker@ey.com

Kristy Ton +1 (713) 750-4942

Trey Whitten

Marc de Louw

Email: kristy.ton@ey.com

+1 (713) 750-5965

Email: trey.whitten1@ey.com

+1 (713) 750-4899

Mobile: +1 (832) 740-0511

Email: marc.delouw@ey.com

Amy (Ritchie) Reneau, +1 (713) 750-5276

US-West Region EY Law Leader

Mobile: +1 (512) 423-8655

Email: amy.reneau@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Mark Camp

+1 (713) 750-4883

Mobile: +1 (832) 754-3192

Email: mark.camp@ey.com

Purvez Captain, Global Leader — +1 (713) 750-8341

Oil & Gas Transfer

Pricing Services

Larry Eshleman

Mobile: +1 (832) 722-8454

Email: purvez.captain@ey.com

+1 (713) 750-8384

Mobile: +1 (832) 687-9541

Email: larry.eshleman@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1903

Kelly Hales

+1 (713) 750-8141

Mobile: +1 (832) 428-8836 Email: kelly.hales@ey.com

Bill Macey +1 (713) 750-1283 Mobile: +1 (713) 705-3062 Email: bill.macey@ey.com

Katherine Pinzon, +1 (713) 750-4655

Americas Transfer Pricing Leader

Mobile: +1 (305) 799-7674 Email: katherine.pinzon@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Carlos Gonzalez

+1 (713) 750-1500 Email: carlos.gonzalez2@ey.com

Enrique Gonzalez Cruz, Mexico +1 (713) 750-8107 Email: enrique.cruz@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Tim Devetski

Brett Enzor

+1 (713) 750-4597

Mobile: +1 (832) 202-8496 Email: tim.devetski@ey.com

+1 (214) 969-8980

Mobile: +1 (917) 325-4432 Email: brett.enzor@ey.com

John Fiorito, +1 (713) 750-5149 US-West Region Transaction Mobile: +1 (832) 833-0278

Tax Advisory Leader Email: john.fiorito@ey.com

Mitra Ghaemmaghami

+1 (713) 750-1585 Email: mitra.ghaemmaghami@ey.com

Christopher J. Lallo +1 (713) 750-5159 Mobile: +1 (832) 731-6417 Email: chris.lallo@ey.com

Patrick Renckly

Business Tax Advisory

Patricia Bartoskewitz

+1 (713) 750-8233 Mobile: +1 (412) 877-9723 Email: patrick.renckly@ey.com

+1 (713) 750-1220 Mobile: +1 (713) 818-8600 Email: patricia.bartoskewitz@ey.com

Robert Gonzales, +1 (713) 751-2024

Private Client Services Mobile: +1 (281) 221-7106 Email: robert.gonzales@ey.com

D. Brock Griffiths, +1 (713) 750-5295

Private Client Services Mobile: +1 (703) 980-0211 Email: brock.griffiths@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jessica Blackmon

Tax Controversy

+1 (713) 750-8630

Mobile: +1 (225) 802-5247 Email: jessica.blackmon@ey.com

Steven M. Diamond, US-West +1 (713) 750-8277

Region Tax Controversy Leader Mobile: +1 (713) 502-2153 Email: steven.diamond@ey.com Sheri Wilcox +1 (713) 750-8163 Email: sheri.wilcox@ey.com

Global Trade

Michael Leightman

+1 (713) 750-1335 Mobile: +1 (713) 598-2848 Email: michael.leightman@ey.com

Bryan Schillinger +1 (713) 750-5209 Mobile: +1 (713) 385-0305 Email: bryan.schillinger@ey.com

1904 u ni TED s T aTE s

Indianapolis, Indiana GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (317) 681-7000 Chase Tower

Fax: +1 (317) 681-7216 111 Monument Circle Suite 4000

Indianapolis, IN 46204

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Stephen Slazinski

+1 (313) 628-8909 (resident in Detroit)

Email: stephen.slazinski@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Rebecca Coke, +1 (312) 879-2762 US-Central Region Transfer

Email: rebecca.coke@ey.com

Pricing Leader

Karl Rothfuss

+1 (513) 612-1568 (resident in Cincinnati)

Mobile: +1 (513) 307-5917

Email: karl.rothfuss@ey.com

Mischa van der Kamp

+1 (312) 879-6599 (resident in Chicago)

Mobile: +1 (312) 730-2300

Email: mischa.vanderkamp@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Dan Corsaro

Business Tax Services

Daniel F. Kelley,

+1 (317) 681-7154

Mobile: +1 (317) 446-3908

Email: daniel.corsaro@ey.com

+1 (313) 628-8929 Tax Market Leader

Mobile: +1 (312) 593-5355 (resident in Detroit)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Molly Murphy

Email: daniel.kelley@ey.com

+1 (317) 681-7309

Email: molly.murphy@ey.com

Irvine, California GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (949) 794-2300 18101 Von Karman Avenue

Fax: +1 (949) 437-0590 Suite 1700 Irvine, CA 92612-1007

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Revital Gallen,

+1 (949) 437-0302 Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (973) 420-4120

Email: revital.allen@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Melody Leung

John Nagy

Business Tax Advisory

Joseph Cruz, Private Client Services

Global Compliance and Reporting

John Chadwick

+1 (949) 437-0423

Mobile: +1 (714) 425-3022

Email: melody.leung@ey.com

+1 (949) 437-0386

Mobile: +1 (949) 244-7932

Email: john.nagy@ey.com

+1 (949) 437-0276

Mobile: +1 (949) 280-5010

Email: joseph.cruz@ey.com

+1 (949) 437-0764

Email: john.chadwick@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1905

Global Trade

Sundar Markandan

+1 (949) 838-3372 Email: sundar.markandan@ey.com Anand Raghavendran +1 (949) 437-0480 Email: anand.raghavendran@ey.com

Todd Smith +1 (949) 437-0354 Mobile: +1 (949) 903-0338 Email: todd.r.smith@ey.com

Kansas City, Missouri GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (816) 474-5200

Fax: +1 (816) 480-5369 1200 Main Street Suite 2500

One Kansas City Place

Kansas City, MO 64105-2143

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Ron Pierce

+1 (816) 480-5229 Mobile: +1 (816) 668-8176 Email: ron.pierce@ey.com

Steven Resnikoff +1 (314) 290-1728 (resident in St. Louis) Mobile: +1 (612) 889-3809 Email: steven.resnikoff@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Erin Benedict +1 (314) 290-1286 (resident in St. Louis) Email: erin.benedict@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Michelle Brady +1 (314) 290-1307 (resident in St. Louis) Email: michelle.brady@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Joseph R. Robinson,

+1 (314) 290-1349 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (314) 322-6748 (resident in St. Louis) Email: joseph.robinson@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jason Carlstedt

Tax Technology and Transformation

Jonas Cook

+1 (816) 480-5335 Mobile: +1 (913) 558-6335 Email: jason.carlstedt@ey.com

+1 (816) 480-5527 Email: jonas.cook@ey.com

Los Angeles, California GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (213) 977-3200 725 S. Figueroa Street

Fax: +1 (213) 977-3978 5th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90017-5418

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

David Gill

+1 (213) 977-3844

Mobile: +1 (626) 437-6997 Email: david.gill@ey.com

Michael Harper +1 (213) 240-7110 Email: michael.harper1@ey.com

Manish Patel +1 (213) 977-3846 Email: manish.patel@ey.com

1906 u ni TED s T aTE s

Bryant Turner,

Financial Services Organization

Justin Yin

+1 (213) 977-7775

Email: bryant.turner@ey.com

+1 (213) 977-3641

Email: justin.yin@ey.com

Cynthia Yu +1 (213) 240-7005

Mobile: +1 (626) 399-8951

Email: cynthia.yu@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

Lena Hines

+1 (213) 977-1532

Mobile: +1 (213) 660-6836

Email: lena.hines@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Melody Leung

+1 (949) 437-0423 (resident in Irvine)

Steve Sideris

Mobile: +1 (714) 425-3022

Email: melody.leung@ey.com

+1 (213) 240-7590

Mobile: +1 (860) 670-5918

Email: steven.sideris@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Michelle Albert

+1 (213) 977-3299

Email: michelle.albert@ey.com

Richard Fung +1 (213) 977-5856

Mobile: +1 (626) 278-4330

Email: richard.fung@ey.com

Torsdon Poon +1 (213) 977-3183

Mobile: +1 (202) 327-8005

Email: torsdon.poon@ey.com

Amy F. Ritz +1 (213) 977-7753

Mobile: +1 (310) 213-0380

Email: amy.ritz@ey.com

Todd Stein +1 (213) 977-7719 Email: todd.stein@ey.com

Zane Tominna

Global Compliance and Reporting

+1 (213) 977-3535 Email: zane.tominna@ey.com

 Greg Brubach, US-West +1 (213) 977-3862 Region Leader, Email: gregory.brubach@ey.com Global Compliance and Reporting

Randy Carpenter,

+1 (805) 778-7026

US-West Corporate Income Mobile: +1 (805) 469-7303 Tax Market Co-Leader randy.carpenter@ey.com

Business Tax Advisory

Eric Block, US-West Region

+1 (213) 977-3455

Private Equity Portfolio Tax Mobile: +1 (310) 850-8825 Segment Market Leader Email: eric.block@ey.com  Kimberly Harrington, +1 (213) 977-3432 US-West Region Leader, Business Email: kim.harrington@ey.com Tax Advisory and Business Tax Services – Private Client Services

Daniel Karnis

+1 (213) 977-3867

Mobile: +1 (678) 200-9510

Email: daniel.karnis@ey.com

Andy Park, Private Client Services + 1 (213) 977-3023

Mobile: +1 (213) 446-1508

Email: andy.park@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1907

Indirect Tax

Ali Vahdat, US-West Region

+1 (213) 977-3941

Leader, Indirect/State and Mobile: +1 (415) 218-7998

Local Tax Email: ali.vahdat@ey.com

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Ela Choina

+1 (312) 879-2935 Mobile: +1 (708) 351-8223 Email: ela.choina@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Tak Morimoto, Mexico

Tax Technology and Transformation

Ryan Malizio

+1 (213) 977-4320 Email: tak.morimoto@ey.com

+1 (213) 977-3620 Email: ryan.malizio@ey.com

Immaculate Nantale +1 (213) 202-8923 Email: immaculate.nantale@ey.com

Louisville, Kentucky GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (502) 585-1400 Suite 1200

Fax: +1 (502) 584-4221 400 West Market Street Louisville, KY 40202

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Tyler Martus

+1 (513) 612-1448 (resident in Cincinnati) Email: tyler.martus@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Karl Rothfuss +1 (513) 612-1568 (resident in Cincinnati) Mobile: +1 (513) 307-5917 Email: karl.rothfuss@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Paul Walker +1 (513) 612-1620 (resident in Cincinnati) Email: paul.walker@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Eric Scott

+1 (502) 585-6554 Email: eric.scott@ey.com

Metropark, New Jersey GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (732) 516-4200 99 Wood Avenue South Fax: +1 (732) 516-4412 P.O. Box 751 Iselin, NJ 08830-0471

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Andrea Varga

+1 (732) 516-4417 Mobile: +1 (848) 333-6500 Email: andrea.varga@ey.com Michael Luke

+1 (212) 773-4071 Mobile: +1 (973) 668-0363 Email: michael.luke@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

+1 (212) 773-2801 Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002 Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com

1908 u ni TED s T aTE s

Global Compliance and Reporting

Abdul Ajani

Miami, Florida

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (732) 516-4252

Email: abdullatif.ajani@ey.com

+1 (305) 358-4111

Fax: +1 (305) 373-3170 700 NW 1st Avenue Suite 1500 Miami, FL 33136

2 Miami Central

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Patricia M. Iribarren

Augusto Oliveira,

Financial Services Organization

Mike Perez

+1 (305) 415-1324

Mobile: +1 (305) 297-5700

Email: patricia.iribarren@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1810

Mobile: +1 (917) 678-6096

Email: augusto.oliveira@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1818

Mobile: +1 (786) 236-9784

Email: mike.perez@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Patty Burleson

Jost Funke

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Enrique Agresott Garcia

+1 (305) 415-1442

Mobile: +1 (330) 294-8158

Email: patty.burleson@ey.com

+1 (305) 358-4111

Mobile: +1 (305) 608-2744

Email: jost.funke@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1742

Mobile: +1 (201) 381-9885

Email: enrique.agresottgarcia@ey.com

Dominic Mackey +1 (305) 415-1629

Mobile: +1 (786) 731-0553

Email: dominic.mackey2@ey.com

Adriana Trujillo Castellanos

+1 (305) 514-1369

Mobile: +1 (305) 608-4835

Email: adriana.trujillo.castellanos@ ey.com

Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Jesus Castilla +1 (305) 415-1416

Transaction Services US Inbound Email: jesus.castilla@ey.com

Carmen Encarnacion

Paulo Espindula

Terri Grosselin

+1 (305) 415-1644

Mobile: +1 (917) 972-5053

Email: carmen.encarnacion@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1311

Email: paulo.espindula@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1344

Mobile: +1 (305) 495-1608

Email: terri.grosselin@ey.com

Naara Ramirez +1 (305) 415-1322

Adriana Sanmarti

Email: naara.y.ramirez@ey.com

+1 (305) 415-1906

Mobile: +1 (914) 707-1373

Email: adriana.sanmarti@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1909
GMT -5

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Elizabeth Arrendale,

+1 (305) 415-1483 Americas Transaction Tax Email: elizabeth.arrendale@ey.com Advisory Leader

Lauren Byrne, +1 (212) 773-9886 Financial Services Organization

Mobile: +1 (917) 657-2083 Email: lauren.byrne@ey.com

David Petrillo +1 (215) 448-5067 Email: david.petrillo@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Richard Bruguera

+1 (305) 415-1702 Email: richard.bruguera@ey.com Heather Nisbeth, +1 (561) 955-8263 US-Central Region Leader, Email: heather.nisbeth@ey.com Global Compliance and Reporting

Milwaukee, Wisconsin GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP +1 (414) 273-5900

875 East Wisconsin Avenue Fax: +1 (414) 223-7200 Milwaukee, WI 53202-5405

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory Nathan Beadle

+1 (317) 681-7061 (resident in Indianapolis) Mobile: +1 (612) 396-8364 Email: nathan.beadle@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing Michael Halloran +1 (612) 371-8611 (resident in Minneapolis) Mobile: +1 (646) 251-9634 Email: michael.halloran@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory Maryann D’Angelo +1 (612) 371-8570 (resident in Minneapolis) Mobile: +1 (703) 608-6868 Email: maryann.dangelo@ey.com Matthew Hofheimer +1 (312) 879-2515 (resident in Chicago) Email: matthew.hofheimer@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Anne M. McDonald,

+1 (612) 371-8612 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (612) 770-5565 (resident in Minneapolis) Email: anne.mcdonald@ey.com Ryan Chance +1 (414) 223-7406 Email: ryan.chance@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Shawn Puechner

Tax Technology and Transformation

Judy Hsiung

+1 (414) 223-7402 Mobile: +1 (414) 892-4001 Email: shawn.puechner@ey.com

+1 (414) 223-7422 Email: judy.hsiung1@ey.com

Minneapolis, Minnesota GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (612) 343-1000 220 South Sixth Street Fax: +1 (612) 371-6788 Suite 1400 Minneapolis, MN 55402

1910 u ni TED s T aTE s

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Kyle Cannon

Travis Kokal

+1 (612) 371-6381

Mobile: +1 (651) 329-5607

Email: kyle.cannon@ey.com

+1 (612) 371-8404

Email: travis.kokal@ey.com

Marja Lutsep, +1 (612) 371-8583

Financial Services Organization

Jim Zrust

Mobile: +1 (646) 856-2030

Email: marja.lutsep@ey.com

+1 (612) 371-6295

Mobile: +1 (651) 210-0800

Email: jim.zrust@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Peter Griffin

Nicholas Schaffer

+1 (612) 371-6932

Mobile: +1 (612) 201-7051

Email: peter.griffin@ey.com

+1 (612) 371-6728

Mobile: +1 (612) 384-8999

Email: nicholas.schaffer@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Maryann D’Angelo

+1 (612) 371-8570

Mobile: +1 (703) 608-6868

Email: maryann.dangelo@ey.com

Kevin Kaiser, +1 (312) 879-4538

Financial Services Organization Email: kevin.kaiser@ey.com Business Tax Services

Anne M. McDonald, +1 (612) 371-8612

Tax Market Leader

Global Compliance and Reporting

Matt Tisdel

Tax Technology and Transformation

Todd Bixby

Mobile: +1 (612) 770-5565

Email: anne.mcdonald@ey.com

+1 (404) 817-5123

Email: matt.tisdel@ey.com

+1 (612) 371-1697

Email: todd.bixby@ey.com

David Nickson + 1 (612) 371-6866

Email: david.nickson@ey.com

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

Two Commerce Square

+1 (215) 448-5000

Fax: +1 (215) 448-4069

2001 Market Street, Suite 4000 +1 (215) 841-2643

Philadelphia, PA 19103-7096

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

John J. Brady

+1 (215) 448-5377

Mobile: +1 (215) 479-2006

Email: john.brady@ey.com

Brett Cagliuso +1 (215) 448-5119

International Transactions

Timothy J. Nugent

Email: brett.cagliuso@ey.com

+1 (215) 448-4032

Mobile: +1 (609) 388-4807

Email: timothy.nugent@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Olga Manziy

+1 (215) 841-0384

Mobile: +1 (215) 317-5885

Email: olga.manziy@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1911

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

Business Tax Advisory

Dolly Jacobs

+1 (212) 773-2801

Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002 Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-1303

Mobile: +1 (703) 307-4275 Email: dolly.park@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Robert Melnick

+1 (215) 448-4172

Mobile: +1 (609) 313-2845 Email: robert.melnick@ey.com

Won Shin +1 (215) 448-5813

Mobile: +1 (610) 329-2841 Email: won.shin@ey.com

Tax Policy and Controversy

Bill O’Meara

Global Compliance and Reporting

Matt Jacoby

+1 (215) 448-5616 Email: bill.omeara@ey.com

+1 (215) 448-5878 Email: matthew.jacoby@ey.com

Phoenix, Arizona GMT -7

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (602) 322-3000

One Renaissance Sq. Fax: +1 (602) 322-3023 Ste. 2300

Two North Central Phoenix, AZ 85004

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Safali Bhakta

+1 (602) 322-3313 Email: safali.bhakta@ey.com

Andrew J. Cooper +1 (720) 931-4505 (resident in Denver) Mobile: +1 (720) 878-6900 Email: andrew.cooper@ey.com

Dinesh Kakwani

Global Compliance and Reporting

David Damro

+1 (602) 322-3316 Mobile: +1 (917) 939-3950 Email: dinesh.kakwani@ey.com

+1 (602) 322-3033 Email: david.damron@ey.com

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (412) 644-7800

One PPG Place Fax: +1 (412) 644-0477 Suite 2100 Pittsburgh, PA 15222

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Atirek Ratani

+1 (216) 583-1282 (resident in Cleveland) Email: atirek.ratani@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Rupesh Santoshi

+1 (412) 644-7814

Mobile: +1 (612) 206-1510 Email: rupesh.santoshi@ey.com Jeffrey Veleke +1 (412) 644-0418 Mobile: +1 (412) 889-4265 Email: jeffrey.veleke@ey.com

1912 u ni TED s T aTE s

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Dan White

+1 (312) 879-4195 (resident in Chicago)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Angela Weidman

Mobile: +1 (314) 255-9991

Email: dan.white@ey.com

+1 (412) 804-7682

Email: angela.weidman@ey.com

Portland, Oregon GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (503) 414-7900

Fax: +1 (503) 414-7990 Suite 1050 Portland, OR 97258

One S.W. Columbia Street

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Andy Brown

+1 (206) 262-7011 (resident in Seattle)

Email: andy.brown@ey.com

Michael Ferguson

+1 (206) 654-7485 (resident in Seattle)

Tracy Fisher

Mobile: +1 (206) 910-1541

Email: michael.ferguson@ey.com

+1 (503) 414-7935

Mobile: +1 (408) 309-1523 Email: tracy.fisher@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Michael Bowes

+1 (408) 947-5597 (resident in San Jose)

Mobile: +1 (408) 802-8072

Email: michael.bowes@ey.com

Nikhil Jain, +1 (503) 414-7958 Financial Services Organization Email: nikhil.jain@ey.com Anne Welsh Mobile: +1 (206) 999-4537 (resident in Seattle)

Global Trade

James Lessard-Templin

Global Compliance and Reporting

Tim Rinehart

Tax Technology and Transformation

Terri Beigh

Email: anne.welsh@ey.com

+1 (503) 414-7901

Email: james.lessardtemplin@ey.com

+1 (503) 327-2928

Email: tim.rinehart@ey.com

+1 (503) 327-2923

Email: terri.vining@ey.com

Richmond, Virginia GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

The Edgeworth Building

2100 East Cary Street Suite 201 Richmond, VA 23223

+1 (804) 344-6000

Fax: +1 (804) 344-6067

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Sonya Mann

+1 (804) 344-4511

Mobile: +1 (619) 243-9719

Email: sonya.mann@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1913

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

Business Tax Advisory

Dolly Jacobs

Global Compliance and Reporting

Mark Gauthier

Tax Technology and Transformation

Erika Aderholz

+1 (212) 773-2801 Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002 Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-1303 Mobile: +1 (703) 307-4275 Email: dolly.park@ey.com

+1 (860) 725-3905 Email: mark.gauthier@ey.com

+1 (804) 344-6092 Email: erika.aderholz@ey.com

St. Louis, Missouri GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (314) 290-1000

The Plaza in Clayton Fax: +1 (314) 290-1882 Suite 1300 190 Carondelet Plaza St. Louis, MO 63105-34334

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Ron Pierce

+1 (816) 480-5229 (resident in Kansas City) Mobile: +1 (816) 668-8176 Efax: +1 (866) 357-0336 Email: ron.pierce@ey.com

Steven Resnikoff

+1 (314) 290-1728 Mobile: +1 (612) 889-3809 Email: steven.resnikoff@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing Erin Benedict +1 (314) 290-1286 Email: erin.benedict@ey.com

Tobin E. Hopkins

+1 (312) 879-3137 (resident in Chicago) Mobile: +1 (312) 203-2790 Email: tobin.hopkins@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Michelle Brady

+1 (314) 290-1307 Mobile: +1 (312) 952-5384 Email: michelle.brady@ey.com

Dan White +1 (312) 879-4195 (resident in Chicago) Mobile: +1 (314) 255-9991 Email: dan.white@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Joseph R. Robinson,

+1 (314) 290-1349 Tax Market Leader Mobile: +1 (314) 322-6748 Email: joseph.robinson@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Kara Meister

+1 (314) 290-1780 Mobile: +1 (314) 651-8400 Email: kara.meister@ey.com

1914 u ni TED s T aTE s

Salt Lake City, Utah GMT -7

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (801) 350-3300 178 South Rio Grande Street

Fax: +1 (801) 350-3456 Suite 400

Salt Lake City, UT 84101

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

David Gill +1 (213) 977-3844 (resident in Los Angeles)

Mobile: +1 (626) 437-6997

Email: david.gill@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Steve Sideris

+1 (213) 240-7590 (resident in Los Angeles)

Mobile: +1 (860) 670-5918

Email: steven.sideris@ey.com

Business Tax Advisory

Joseph Cruz

+1 (949) 437-0276 (resident in Irvine)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Rick Manning

Mobile: +1 (949) 280-5010

Email: joseph.cruz@ey.com

+1 (801) 350-3461

Email: rick.manning@ey.com

San Antonio, Texas GMT -6

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (210) 228-9696 1800 Frost Bank Tower

Fax: +1 (210) 242-7252 100 West Houston Street San Antonio, TX 78205

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Jamie Thorvilson Wolfe

+1 (512) 473-1689 (resident in Austin)

Business Tax Advisory

Lisa Springs, Private Client Services

Global Compliance and Reporting

Trey Tschirhart

Mobile: +1 (773) 383-6132

Email: jamie.thorvilson@ey.com

+1 (210) 242-7212

Email: lisa.springs@ey.com

+1 (210) 242-7280

Email: trey.tschirhart@ey.com

San Diego, California GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (858) 535-7200 4370 La Jolla Village Drive

Fax: +1 (858) 535-7777 Suite 500 San Diego, CA 92122

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Manish Patel

+1 (213) 977-3846 (resident in Los Angeles)

Email: manish.patel@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network

Laura Martinez Ramos, BEPS +1 (858) 535-7728

Email: laura.martinez.ramos1@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1915

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

John Nagy

+1 (949) 437-0386 (resident in Irvine)

Mobile: +1 (949) 244-7932

Email: john.nagy@ey.com

Business Tax Advisory

Joseph Cruz

+1 (949) 437-0276 (resident in Irvine)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Chad Crocker

Mobile: +1 (949) 280-5010 Email: joseph.cruz@ey.com

+1 (858) 535-7793

Email: chad.crocker@ey.com

Latin America Business Center – Global Tax Desk Network

Ernesto Ocampo, Mexico

Indirect Tax

+1 (858) 535-7383

Mobile: +1 (619) 410-3642 Email: ernesto.ocampo@ey.com

Lynlee Brown, Global Trade +1 (858) 535-7357

Mobile: +1 (760) 715-4151 Email: lynlee.brown@ey.com

San Francisco, California GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (415) 894-8000

Fax: +1 (415) 894-8099 Suite 1600 San Francisco, CA 94105-2907

560 Mission Street

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Stephen Bates, +1 (415) 894-8190 National Tax Mobile: +1 (415) 806-1044 Email: stephen.bates@ey.com

Daniel Fletcher, +1 (415) 894-8884 Financial Services Organization Email: daniel.fletcher@ey.com Zak Perryman +1 (415) 894-4395 Email: zak.perryman@ey.com

Nadia Serikova +1 (415) 894-8813 Email: nadia.serikova@ey.com

Cliff Tegel +1 (415) 894-8892 Email: cliff.tegel@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network

Job Grondhout, Netherlands +1 (415) 984-7684 Email: job.grondhout@ey.com

Laura Katsma, Netherlands +1 (628) 502-3977 Email: laura.katsma2@ey.com

Richard Kocsis, Hungary +1 (408) 947-6753 Email: richard.kocsis1@ey.com

Melanie Rottgardt, Germany +1 (415) 894-8000 Email: melanie.rottgardt1@ey.com

Stefan Ruest, Switzerland +1 (415) 894-4317 Email: stefan.ruest@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Brian Byrne

Tax Policy and Controversy

Pat Chaback

+1 (415) 894-8704 Email: brian.byrne1@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8231 Email: pat.chaback@ey.com

Bryon Christensen, US Controversy +1 (206) 654-7479 Leader (resident in Seattle) Email: bryon.christensen@ey.com

1916 u ni TED s T aTE s

Business Tax Advisory

James Wolfrom,

Transaction Costs Analysis

+1 (415) 894-8604

Email: james.wolfrom@ey.com

Susanne Morrow, +1 (415) 894-8287

Private Client Services

Email: susanne.morrow@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Marc Countryman,

National DC Office

Barbara Hobbs

Greg Jansen

Kirsten Malm

Mark Olsen

Jennifer Shearer

Marc Zametto

+1 (415) 894-8688

Email: marc.countryman@ey.com

+1 (415) 984-7051

Email: barbara.hobbs@ey.com

+1 (415) 486-3605

Email: greg.jansen@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8443

Email: kirsten.malm@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8348

Mobile: +1 (415) 987-3180

Email: mark.olsen@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8378

Mobile: +1 (650) 906-0997

Email: jennifer.shearer@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8758

Email: marc.zametto@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Michael Bowes

+1 (408) 947-5597

Mobile: +1 (408) 802-8072

Email: michael.bowes@ey.com

Sirsha Chatterjee +1 (412) 644-5373

Email: sirsha.chatterjee@ey.com

Burcin Nee, +1 (415) 894-8726

Financial Services Organization Email: burcin.nee@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

Matthew Blum, +1 (415) 984-7198

Financial Services Organization

Indirect Tax – US VAT Practice

Mobile: +1 (617) 642-7955

Email: matt.blum@ey.com

Liz Day +1 (415) 894-8247

Mobile: +1 (415) 513-6047 Email: liz.day@ey.com

 Anne Freden, US Leader, +1 (415) 894-8732

VAT practice

Samantha Payne

Tax Technology and Transformation

John P. Basseer,

Mobile: +1 (925) 588-6212 Email: anne.freden@ey.com

+1 (415) 419-1681

Mobile: +1 (415) 519-5693

Email: samantha.payne@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8000

Mobile: +1 (202) 494-8584 Tax Technology and Transformation Email: john.basseer@ey.com Leader

EY US-West Region

San Jose, California GMT -8

+1 (408) 947-5500 303 Almaden Boulevard

Ernst & Young LLP

Fax: +1 (408) 947-5716 San Jose, CA 95110

u ni TED s T aTE s 1917

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Aaron Ashcraft

Beth Carr,

+1 (408) 947-6579

Mobile: +1 (408) 796-8168 Email: aaron.ashcraft@ey.com

+1 (408) 947-5426

US-West Region Tax Mobile: +1 (650) 248-6556

Managing Partner Email: beth.carr@ey.com

Jon Cisler +1 (408) 947-5786 Mobile: +1 (414) 975-2959 Email: jon.cisler@ey.com

Channing Flynn, +1 (408) 947-5435

National Tax Mobile: +1 (408) 813-5027 Email: channing.flynn@ey.com

Long Hua +1 (408) 947-6677 Mobile: +1 (408) 205-7406 Email: long.hua@ey.com

Sadler Nelson, US-West Region +1 (408) 947-6523

International Tax and Transaction Mobile: +1 (408) 234-7748 Services Leader Email: sadler.nelson@ey.com

Di Pan +1 (408) 947-6545 Email: di.pan@ey.com

Samuel Phaup +1 (408) 947-5526 Email: sam.phaup@ey.com

David Wachutka +1 (408) 947-4919 Email: david.wachutka@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network

Laura Katsma, Netherlands +1 (415) 894-8923 Email: laura.katsma2@ey.com

Karl Doyle, Ireland +1 (408) 947-4977 Email: karl.doyle@ey.com

Richard Kocsis, Hungary +1 (415) 984-7772 (Eastern European Business Email: richard.kocsis1@ey.com Group)

Melanie Rottgardt, Germany +1 (415) 894-8000 Email: melanie.rottgardt1@ey.com

Stefan Ruest, Switzerland +1 (415) 894-4317 Email: stefan.ruest@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Asia-Pacific Business Group – Global Tax Desk Network

Aditya Modani, India +1 (669) 649-8967 Email: aditya.modani1@ey.com

Diana Wu, China Mainland +1 (408) 947-6873 Mobile: +1 (510) 676-6806 Email: diana.wu@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Steve Ahiabu +1 (206) 654-7631 Mobile: +1 (408) 367-9737 Email: stephen.ahiabu@ey.com

Yiting An +1 (408) 947-6767 Email: yiting.an@ey.com

Michael Bowes +1 (408) 947-5597

Mobile: +1 (408) 796-8168 Email: michael.bowes@ey.com

Ameet Kapoor, National Tax +1 (408) 947-5799

Mobile: +1 (510) 205-3725 Email: ameet.kapoor1@ey.com

Eric Olson +1 (408) 947-6542 Mobile: +1 (408) 431-7270 Email: eric.olson1@ey.com

1918 u ni TED s T aTE s

Global Compliance and Reporting

Rachel Breen

Business Tax Advisory

Kevin Dangers

+1 (408) 947-5620

Email: rachel.breen@ey.com

+1 (408) 947-6895

Mobile: +1 (925) 899-2736

Email: kevin.dangers@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Jill Franciosi

Adam O’Brien

Laynie Pavio

Tax Policy and Controversy

+1 (408) 947-6863

Mobile: +1 (617) 320-0371

Email: jill.franciosi@ey.com

+1 (408) 283-5030

Email: adam.obrien@ey.com

+1 (408) 947-6606

Mobile: +1 (650) 796-8128

Email: laynie.pavio@ey.com

Bryon Christensen, US Controversy +1 (206) 654-7479 Leader (resident in Seattle)

Email: bryon.christensen@ey.com

Global Trade

Michael Heldebrand,

+1 (408) 947-6820 Americas/US Global

Mobile: +1 (713) 825-1639 Trade Practice Leader

Email: michael.heldebrand@ey.com Prentice Wells

+1 (408) 947-5438

Mobile: +1 (408) 859-4607

Email: prentice.wells@ey.com

Seattle, Washington GMT -8

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (206) 621-1800 920 5th Avenue

Fax: +1 (206) 654-7799 Seattle, WA 98104

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Andy Brown

+1 (206) 262-7011

Email: andy.brown@ey.com

Michael Ferguson +1 (206) 654-7485

Email: michael.ferguson@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Anne Welsh

+1 (206) 654-6317

Mobile: +1 (206) 999-4537

Email: anne.welsh@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Global Tax Desk Network

Willy van Exel, BEPS

+1 (212) 773-3969 (resident in Seattle)

Global Compliance and Reporting

Carl Mackleit

Global Trade

Dennis Forhart

Tax Policy and Controversy

Bryon Christensen,

US Controversy Leader

Tax Technology and Transformation

PJ Stratton

Email: willy.vanexel@ey.com

+1 (206) 654-7602

Email: carl.mackleit@ey.com

+1 (206) 262-7091

Mobile: +1 (248) 613-4000

Email: dennis.forhart@ey.com

+1 (206) 654-7479

Email: bryon.christensen@ey.com

+1 (206) 654-7675

Email: pj.stratton@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1919

Stamford, Connecticut GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

300 First Stamford Place

3rd Floor

Stamford, CT 06902

+1 (203) 674-3000

Fax: +1 (203) 674-3228

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

David Caracciolo

Bryan Zetlin

+1 (203) 674-3025

Mobile: +1 (646) 250-8636 Email: david.caracciolo@ey.com

+1 (203) 674-3055

Mobile: +1 (302) 562-8379 Email: bryan.zetlin@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

 Danielle C. Clark, Global Withholding

+1 (203) 674-3693 Tax Reporter, Financial Services Mobile: +1 (914) 414-3233 Organization Email: danielle.clark@ey.com

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

+1 (212) 773-2801

Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002 Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com Business Tax Advisory

Rebecca DiGangi

+1 (201) 551-5008

Mobile: +1 (646) 373-7600 Email: rebecca.digangi@ey.com

Dino Lombardi +1 (212) 773-9763 Mobile: +1 (914) 282-2456 Email: dino.lombardi@ey.com

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jon Baronowski,

+1 (203) 674-3448 US-East Region Leader, Email: jon.baronowski@ey.com Global Compliance and Reporting

Joe McCormack

+1 (203) 674-3206 Email: joseph.mccormack04@ey.com

Tysons, Virginia GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (703) 747-1000

Fax: +1 (703) 747-0100 Tysons, VA 22102 +1 (703) 747-0128

1775 Tysons Boulevard

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Daniel Messing

+1 (703) 747-1074

Mobile: +1 (781) 223-4933 Email: daniel.messing@ey.com

Preya P. Saroop +1 (202) 327-7476 Mobile: +1 (407) 923-4694 Email: preya.patel@ey.com

Hui Yu +1 (571) 633-6320 Mobile: +1 (202) 403-9323 Email: hui.yu1@ey.com

International Transactions

Jeff Chamberlain

+1 (703) 747-1540 Email: jeffrey.chamberlain@ey.com

1920 u ni TED s T aTE s

International Tax and Transaction Services – Operating Model Effectiveness

Kendra McDermand

+1 (703) 747-1133

Mobile: +1 (917) 769-5007

Email: kendra.mcdermand@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Hien Nguyen

+1 (703) 747-0574

Mobile: +1 (301) 728-8343

Email: hien.nguyen@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transaction Tax Advisory

Bruce Blondin

John Michalowski

Meredith Payne

Dave Seo

Scott Vaughn

Global Compliance and Reporting

+1 (703) 747-1653

Mobile: +1 (703) 727-4476

Email: bruce.blondin@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-1610

Mobile: +1 (703) 216-1886

Email: john.michalowski@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-0493

Mobile: +1 (703) 663-0781 Email: meredith.payne@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-0446

Mobile: +1 (415) 987-1182

Email: dave.seo@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-1564

Mobile: +1 (703) 772-4368

Email: scott.vaughn@ey.com

Jennifer Rewis, +1 (703) 747-1438 US-East Corporate Income Tax Email: jennifer.rewis@ey.com Market Co-Leader

Tax Technology and Transformation

Marilen Sarino

+1 (202) 327-9155

Email: marilen.sarino@ey.com

Washington, DC GMT -5

Ernst & Young LLP

+1 (202) 327-6000 National Office

Fax: +1 (202) 327-6200 (General) 1101 New York Avenue NW +1 (202) 327-6721 Washington, DC 20005

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Corporate Tax Advisory

Arlene Fitzpatrick

+1 (202) 327-7284

Mobile: +1 (202) 286-3505

Email: arlene.fitzpatrick@ey.com

Jonny Lindroos, +1 (212) 773-1951

International Tax and Transaction Mobile: +1 (545) 479-6663 Services Market Leader Email: jonathan.lindroos@ey.com

Martin Milner

John Morris

+1 (202) 327-7453

Email: martin.milner@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-8026

Email: john.morris@ey.com

Chris Ocasal, +1 (202) 327-6868

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (703) 919-0195

Email: chris.ocasal@ey.com

Colleen O’Neill, +1 (212) 773-0189

International Tax and Mobile: +1 (516) 510-2116 Transaction Services

Email: colleen.oneill@ey.com

National Tax Leader (resident in New York)

u ni TED s T aTE s 1921

Stephen Peng

+1 (202) 327-7471

Email: stephen.peng@ey.com

Zach Pouga +1 (212) 773-8518 (resident in New York)

Joshua Ruland

Email: zach.pouga.tinhaga@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-7238

Email: joshua.ruland@ey.com

Ray Stahl +1 (202) 327-5798

Allen Stenger

Julia Tonkovich

Email: raymond.stahl@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-6289

Email: allen.stenger@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-8801

Email: julia.m.tonkovich@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Operating Model Effectiveness (OME)

Al G. Paul

+1 (202) 327-6056

Mobile: +1 (703) 969-2352

Email al.paul@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – International Capital Markets

Matthew Blum, +1 (415) 984-7198

Financial Services Organization Mobile: +1 (617) 642-7955 (resident in San Francisco)

Douglas Chestnut

Email: matt.blum@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-5780

Mobile: +1 (703) 966-8679

Email: douglas.chestnut@ey.com

Liz Hale +1 (202) 327-8070 Email: liz.hale@ey.com

Lee Holt, +1 (212) 773-9636

International Tax and Mobile: +1 (917) 232-7056 Transaction Services Email: lee.holt@ey.com Capital Markets Leader (resident in New York)

Matthew Stevens

+1 (202) 327-6846

Mobile: + 1 (703) 407-6421 Email: matthew.stevens@ey.com

Mathew Urbina +1 (202) 327-7094

Mobile: +1 (202) 841-2101 Email: mathew.urbina@ey.com

Michael Yaghmour

+1 (202) 327-6072 Mobile: +1 (202) 360-8283 Email: michael.yaghmour@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – Transfer Pricing

Ameet Kapoor

+1 (408) 947-5799 (resident in San Jose)

Email: ameet.kapoor1@ey.com

Ryan Kelly + 1 (202) 327-5728 Email: ryan.j.kelly@ey.com

Carlos Mallo +1 (202) 327-5689 Email: carlos.mallo@ey.com

Mike McDonald

+1 (202) 327-7980

Email: michael.mcdonald4@ey.com

Thomas Ralph +1 (202) 327-5706 Email: thomas.ralph@ey.com

Craig Sharon, +1 (202) 327-7095

Consultant

Daniel Sosna

Email: craig.sharon@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-5631

Email: daniel.sosna@ey.com

Thomas Vidano +1 (202) 327-7376 Email: thomas.vidano@ey.com

1922 u ni TED s T aTE s

E. Miller Williams

+1 (404) 817-5077 (resident in Atlanta)

Mobile: +1 (404) 798-5462

Email: miller.williams@ey.com

International Tax and Transaction Services – National Tax Department –Mergers and Acquisitions Group

Donald Bakke

Marc Countryman

+1 (202) 327-6103

Mobile: +1 (202) 258-5823

Email: donald.bakke@ey.com

+1 (415) 894-8688 (resident in San Francisco)

Andrew J. Dubroff,

Email: marc.countryman@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-8730

Email: andrew.dubroff@ey.com Department – Mergers and Acquisitions Co-leader

National Tax

Stephen P. Fattman

+1 (202) 327-7172 (resident in Los Angeles)

Nicole Field

Randell Gartin

Larry Garrett

Mobile: +1 (571) 422-6792

Email: steve.fattman@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-5945

Mobile: +1 (917) 670-4595

Email: nicole.field@ey.com

Mobile: +1 (214) 926-5957

Email: randell.gartin@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-6987

Mobile: +1 (301) 452-3318

Email: larry.garrett@ey.com

Andrew Herman +1 (202) 327-7193

Email: andrew.herman1@ey.com

Martin Huck +1 (202) 327-5819

Mobile: +1 (202) 297-0307

Email: martin.huck@ey.com

Shane Kiggen

+1 (202) 327-7289

Email: shane.kiggen@ey.com

 Chris Nelson, +1 (202) 327-6631 Tax Attributes and Planning Leader

Brian Peabody

Mobile: +1 (202) 236-3555

Email: christopher.nelson@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-6440

Email: brian.peabody@ey.com

Brian Reed +1 (202) 327-7889

Mobile: +1 (303) 701-5334 Email: brian.reed@ey.com

Amy J. Sargent, +1 (202) 327-6481

Transaction Cost Analysis Leader

Mobile: +1 (240) 460-6865

Email: amy.sargent@ey.com

Kirsten Simpson +1 (202) 327-6643

Email: kirsten.simpson@ey.com

Karen Gilbreath Sowell, +1 (202) 327-8747

National Tax

Mobile: +1 (202) 352-0165

Department – Mergers and Email: karen.sowell@ey.com Acquisitions Co-Leader

Gary R. Vogel

Business Tax Services

Coleen Blakely

+1 (202) 327-6392

Mobile: +1 (571) 218-7029

Email: gary.vogel@ey.com

+1 (212) 773-2801

Mobile: +1 (305) 586-1002

Email: coleen.blakely@ey.com

u ni TED s T aTE s 1923

Business Tax Advisory

Scott Mackay

Tax Policy and Controversy

+1 (202) 327-6069

Mobile: +1 (202) 734-9265 Email: scott.mackay@ey.com

Bryon Christensen, +1 (206) 654-7479 US Controversy Leader

Mobile: +1 (703) 399-4079 (resident in Seattle) Email: bryon.christensen@ey.com

Richard Fultz

Alice Harbutte

+1 (202) 327-6840 Mobile: +1 (571) 213-2065 Email: richard.fultz@ey.com

+1 (720) 931-4011 (resident in Denver) Email: alice.harbutte@ey.com

Cathy Koch, +1 (202) 327-7483

Americas Director of Tax Policy

Kirsten Wielobob

Global Compliance and Reporting

Jennifer Rewis,

Mobile: +1 (202) 300-8577 Email: cathy.koch@ey.com

+1 (202) 327-5778 Mobile: +1 (443) 240-7845 Email: kirsten.wielobob@ey.com

+1 (703) 747-1438

US-East Corporate Income Tax Email: jennifer.rewis@ey.com Market Co-Leader

Tax Technology and Transformation

Daren Campbell, +1 (202) 327-6539 Americas Tax Technology and Email: daren.campbell@ey.com Transformation Leader Danyle Ordway +1 (408) 947-5734 Email: danye.ordway@ey.com

A. At a glance

Corporate Income Tax Rate (%) 21 (a)

Corporate Capital Gains Tax Rate (%) 21

Branch Tax Rate (%) 21 (a)

Withholding Tax (%) (b)

Dividends 30 (c)

Interest 30 (c)(d)

Royalties from Patents, Know-how, etc. 30 (c)

Branch Remittance Tax 30 (e)

Net Operating Losses (Years)

Carryback 0 (f)

Carryforward Unlimited (f)

(a) The 21% rate is effective for tax years beginning after 31 December 2017. In addition, many states levy income or capital-based taxes. A base erosion minimum tax is also imposed on corporations. See Section B. (b) Rates may be reduced by treaty.

(c) Applicable to payments to non-US corporations and nonresidents.

(d) Interest on certain “portfolio debt” obligations issued after 18 July 1984 and non-effectively connected bank deposit interest are exempt from withholding tax.

(e) This is the branch profits tax applicable to non-US corporations (see Section D).

(f) A net operating loss deduction is generally limited to 80% of taxable income. Special rules apply to certain types of losses and entities. For details, see Section C.

1924 u ni TED s T aTE s

B. Taxes on corporate income and gains

Corporate income tax. US corporations are subject to US federal taxation on their worldwide income, including income of foreign branches and certain income of their foreign subsidiaries (regard less of whether such income is repatriated to the United States in the year in which it is earned). If certain conditions are met, a US corporation is allowed a 100% deduction against the foreignsource portion of dividends received from certain foreign subsid iaries, including any gain from the sale or exchange of stock in a foreign subsidiary that is treated as a dividend under Section 1248 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC).

In general, foreign corporations are subject to US taxation on income that is effectively connected with a US trade or business and on certain other US-source income. However, if the foreign corporation is resident in a country having an income tax treaty with the United States and is eligible to claim the benefits of that treaty, only the foreign corporation’s business profits that are attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States are subject to US taxation and the rate of tax on certain other US-source income may be reduced.

Rates of corporate tax. For tax years beginning after 31 December 2017, a corporation’s taxable income is taxed at 21%. This rate applies both to US corporations and to the income of foreign corporations that is effectively connected with a US trade or business. Certain foreign corporations that are engaged in a US trade or business may be exempt from US tax on effectively connected income by reason of a treaty.

Base erosion and anti-abuse tax. The base erosion and anti-abuse tax (BEAT) is an additional tax on corporations that are subject to US corporate income tax and that meet certain gross receipts and base erosion percentage thresholds. A taxpayer’s BEAT lia bility for a tax year is the excess, if any, of an amount equal to 10% (5% for tax years beginning in the 2018 calendar year and 12.5% for tax years beginning after 31 December 2025) of the taxpayer’s modified taxable income (MTI) over an amount equal to the taxpayer’s regular tax liability reduced by certain credits (including the foreign tax credit). In general, MTI is the taxpay er’s taxable income calculated without regard to any base erosion tax benefits (for example, current expenses or cost-recovery deductions) generated from base erosion payments and the base erosion percentage of certain net operating loss deductions. Base erosion payments include most deductible payments to foreign related persons, including payments for services, for the use of property and for depreciable or amortizable property. Base ero sion payments generally do not include costs of goods sold, with exceptions.

Capital gains and losses. A corporation’s gains are taxed at the same rates as ordinary income. In general, capital losses may offset only capital gains, not ordinary income. Subject to certain restrictions, a corporation’s excess capital loss may be carried back three years and forward five years to offset capital gains in such other years.

u ni TED s T aTE s 1925

Administration. The annual tax return for domestic corporations is due by the 15th day of the fourth month after the close of the company’s tax year. A corporation is entitled, upon request, to an automatic six-month extension to file its return. In general, 100% of a corporation’s tax liability must be paid through quarterly estimated tax installments during the year in which the income is earned. The estimated tax payments are due on the 15th day of the 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th months of the company’s fiscal year.

Credit for foreign taxes. A credit is allowed for foreign income taxes paid or accrued, or deemed paid, by US corporations, but the credit is generally limited to the amount of regular US tax on the taxpayer’s foreign-source taxable income. Separate limita tions must also be calculated for specified categories of income, including passive income, general category income, foreign branch income, global intangible low-taxed income ([GILTI]; see Section C) and income resourced under a treaty.

C. Determination of taxable income

General. Income for tax purposes generally is computed for a tax year according to certain statutory tax provisions (for example, Sections 451 and 461 of the IRC) and underlying regulations. Consequently, taxable income typically does not equal income for financial reporting purposes.

In general, a deduction is permitted for ordinary and necessary trade or business expenses. However, expenditures that create an asset having a useful life longer than one year (and not eligible for certain exceptions, such as those relating to the bonus depre ciation deduction for qualified depreciable tangible property and eligible de minimis items) may need to be capitalized and recov ered over an appropriate period.

Depreciation. A depreciation deduction is available for most tan gible property (except land) used in a trade or business or held for the production of income, such as rental property. Tangible depre ciable property that is used in the United States and placed in service after 1986 is generally depreciated under prescribed recovery periods pursuant to the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS). In general, under the MACRS, each class is assigned a recovery period and a depreciation method. Significantly, under tax reform legislation effective for tax years beginning in 2018, a 100% first-year bonus depreciation deduc tion is allowed for certain qualified property acquired and placed in service after 27 September 2017 and before 1 January 2023. Qualified property generally includes tangible property with a recovery period of 20 years or less under MACRS (subject to certain significant exceptions related to designated types of real property improvements), provided the certain statutory require ments are met.

After 2022, the rate of bonus depreciation for qualified property decreases over the next four years to the following rates:

• 80% for property placed in service in 2023

• 60% for property placed in service in 2024

• 40% for property placed in service in 2025

• 20% for property placed in service in 2026

1926 u ni TED s T aTE s

The cost of intangible assets developed by a taxpayer may be amortized over the determinable useful life of an asset. Certain intangible assets, including goodwill, going concern value, patents and copyrights, may generally be amortized over 15 years if they are acquired as part of a taxable acquisition of a business.

Tax depreciation is generally subject to recapture on the sale of a depreciated asset to the extent that the sales proceeds exceed the tax value after depreciation. The amounts recaptured are subject to tax as ordinary income.

Net operating losses. If allowable deductions of a US corporation or branch of a foreign corporation exceed its gross income, the excess is called a net operating loss (NOL). With the exception of a two-year carryback for certain losses incurred in the trade or business of farming or of certain insurance companies, NOLs may not be carried back to prior years. However, corporations may generally carry losses forward indefinitely. A net operating loss deduction is generally limited to 80% of taxable income.

Inventories. Inventory is generally valued for tax purposes at either cost or the lower of cost or market value. In determining the cost of goods sold, the two most common inventory flow assumptions used are last-in, first-out (LIFO) and first-in, first-out (FIFO). The method chosen must be applied consistently. Uniform capi talization rules require the inclusion in inventory costs of allo cable indirect costs.

Dividends. In general, dividends received by a US corporation from other US corporations qualify for a 50% dividends-received deduction, subject to certain limitations. The dividends-received deduction is generally increased to 65% of the dividend if the re cipient corporation owns at least 20% of the distributing corpora tion. Dividend payments between members of an affiliated group of US corporations qualify for a 100% dividends-received deduc tion. In general, an affiliated group consists of a US parent corporation and all other US corporations in which the parent owns, directly or indirectly through one or more chains, at least 80% of the total voting power and value of all classes of shares (excluding non-voting preferred shares). For distributions made after 31 December 2017, the foreign source-portion of certain dividends (excluding hybrid dividends) received by a US corporation from certain 10%-owned foreign corporations may qualify for a 100% dividends-received deduction.

Consolidated returns. An affiliated group of US corporations (as described in Dividends) may elect to determine its taxable income and tax liability on a consolidated basis. The consolidated return provisions generally allow electing corporations to report aggre gate group income and deductions. Consequently, the NOLs of some members of the group can, subject to certain limitations, be used to offset the taxable income of other members of the group, and transactions between group members, such as intercompany sales and dividends, are generally deferred or eliminated until there is a transaction outside the group. Under certain circumstances, losses incurred on the sale of consolidated subsidiaries are disallowed.

Foreign subsidiaries. Under certain circumstances, undistributed income of a foreign subsidiary controlled by US shareholders is

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taxed to the US shareholders on a current basis, as if the foreign subsidiary distributed a dividend on the last day of its tax year. This may result if the foreign subsidiary holds “United States property” (including loans to US shareholders) during its tax year or earns certain types of income (Subpart F, including certain passive income and “tainted” business income, and tested income that results in GILTI to the US shareholders).

Foreign-derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income deduction. For tax years beginning after 31 December 2017, a US corporation may deduct 37.5% (21.875% for tax years beginning after 31 December 2025) of its foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) and 50% (37.5% for tax years beginning after 31 December 2025) of its GILTI, subject to a taxable income limitation. In general, FDII equals the foreign-derived amount of a domestic corporation’s deemed intangible income that is driven, in part, by property and services sold for foreign use. Deemed intangible income equals deduction-eligible income in excess of a deemed return from tangible depreciable assets held by the domestic corporation.

Anti-hybrid rules. For tax years beginning after 31 December 2017, a deduction is denied for any disqualified related-party amount paid or accrued pursuant to a hybrid transaction (involv ing payments that are treated as interest or royalties for US tax purposes but not by the recipient’s residence country) or by, or to, a hybrid entity (an entity that is fiscally transparent for US tax purposes but not for purposes of the tax law of the resident coun try, or vice versa).

D. Other significant taxes

The following table summarizes other significant taxes.

Nature of tax Rate

Branch profits tax, on branch profits (reduced by reinvested profits and increased by withdrawals of previously reinvested earnings); the rate may be reduced by treaty 30% Branch interest tax, on interest expense paid by a branch in excess of the amount deductible against effectively connected income (unless the interest would be exempt from withholding tax if paid by a US corporation); the rate may be reduced by treaty 30%

Personal holding company (PHC) tax, applies to a corporation that satisfies a passive-income test; in addition to regular tax; imposed on undistributed income 20%

Accumulated earnings tax; penalty tax levied on a corporation (excluding a PHC) accumulating profits to avoid shareholder-level personal income tax; assessed on accumulated taxable income exceeding a calculated amount (at least USD250,000 or USD150,000 for certain personal services corporations) 20% State and local income taxes, imposed by most states and some local governments

Various

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Nature of tax Rate

State and local sales taxes, imposed by many states and some local governments Various Payroll taxes

Federal unemployment insurance (FUTA); imposed on first USD7,000 of wages

6.0% and 0.6% (assuming full credit of 5.4%)

Workmen’s compensation insurance; provisions vary according to state laws; rates vary depending on nature of employees’ activities Various Social security contributions (including 1.45% Medicare tax); imposed on Wages up to USD142,800 (for 2021); paid by

Employer 6.2%

Employee 6.2% All covered wages (for 2021; Medicare tax); paid by

Employer 1.45% Employee 1.45%

(Effective from 1 January 2013, an additional Medicare tax of 0.9% applies to wages, tips, other compensation and self-employment income in excess of USD200,000 for taxpayers who file as single or head of household. For married taxpayers filing jointly and surviving spouses, the additional 0.9% Medicare tax applies to the couple’s combined wages in excess of USD250,000. The additional tax applies only to the amount owed by the employee; the employer does not pay the additional tax. Employers withhold tax only on wages in excess of USD200,000.)

E. Miscellaneous matters

Foreign-exchange controls. The United States currently has no foreign-exchange control restrictions.

Debt-to-equity rules. The United States has a number of provisions that must be considered in evaluating whether a purported debt instrument is considered debt or equity for US tax purposes. Extensive regulations were promulgated for debt instruments issued after 4 April 2016 under Section 385 of the IRC. In such case, funds loaned to a corporation by a related party may be recharacterized by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as equity if a prohibited distribution (or similar) transaction occurs. As a result, the corporation’s deduction for interest expense may be disallowed, and principal and interest payments may be considered distributions to the related party and be subject to withholding tax at rates applicable to distributions. Documentation requirements, which were also a part of the same set of regulations, have been withdrawn but continue to exist in case law. In addition to the Section 385 regulations, the United States

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has extensive case law distinguishing debt from equity and generally applying some type of facts and circumstances test in determining whether an instrument issued by a business should be considered debt or equity.

If an instrument is properly considered debt, there are a number of provisions that can deny or defer the deduction for interest expense. For example, interest on certain convertible debt instru ments may be disallowed. In addition, interest expense accrued on a loan from a related foreign lender must be actually paid before the US borrower can deduct the interest expense. The most expansive interest expense limitation rule is Section 163(j) of the IRC, which generally applies to all taxpayers to limit the deduc tion for business interest to 30% of adjusted taxable income (ATI). For the first several years of application, ATI is computed without regard to depreciation, amortization or depletion. Thereafter (beginning in 2022), ATI will be decreased by those items, thereby making the computation 30% of net interest expense exceeding earnings before interest and taxes. The CARES Act passed in March 2020 increases the 30% limitation to 50% for two tax years (for all taxpayers except partnerships and in all cases subject to election out and back to 30%). Interest expense must be related to a “business,” which means the interest must be properly allocable to a trade or business. Certain excep tions apply, including a small business exception, and special rules apply to partnerships for purposes of determining the limi tation. Disallowed interest may be carried forward to future years and allowed as a deduction. Final regulations were issued in 2020 and 2021 affirming application to controlled foreign corpora tions (CFCs) and also containing an expanded anti-abuse rule. In addition, proposed regulations were issued in 2018 and 2020. The final and proposed regulations provide certain specific rules with respect to the application of Section 163(j) of the IRC, and tax payers are advised to analyze the application of these regulations.

Transfer pricing. In general, the IRS may redetermine the tax lia bility of related parties if, in its discretion, this is necessary to prevent the evasion of taxes or to clearly reflect income. Specific regulations require that related taxpayers (including US persons and their foreign affiliates) deal among themselves on an arm’slength basis. Under the best-method rule included in the transferpricing regulations, the best transfer-pricing method is the one that provides the most reliable measure of an arm’s-length result, determined based on the facts and circumstances. Transferpricing methods that may be acceptable, depending on the circumstances, include the comparable profits method, compa rable uncontrolled price method, cost-plus method, resale price method and profit-split method. It is possible to reach transferpricing agreements in advance with the IRS.

If the IRS adjusts a taxpayer’s tax liability, tax treaties between the United States and other countries usually provide mutual agreement procedures for the allocation of adjustments between related parties in the two countries to avoid double tax.

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F. Treaty withholding tax rates

The following are US withholding tax rates for dividends, interest and royalties paid from the United States to residents of vari ous treaty jurisdictions.

Patent and know-how

Dividends Interest royalties % % %

Australia

0/5/15 (a) 0/10 (b) 5

Austria 5/15 (c) 0 0

Bangladesh 10/15 (c) 5/10 (d) 10

Barbados 5/15 (c) 5 5

Belgium 0/5/15 (a) 0 0

Bulgaria 5/10 (c) 5 5

Canada 5/15 (c) 0 0/10 (e)

China Mainland 10 10 (x) 10

Cyprus 5/15 (c) 10 0

Czech Republic 5/15 (c) 0 0/10 (f)

Denmark 0/5/15 (a) 0 0

Egypt 5/15 (c) 15 15

Estonia 5/15 (c) 10 5/10 (g)

Finland 0/5/15 (a) 0 0

France 0/5/15 (a) 0 0 (h)

Germany 0/5/15 (a) 0 0 Greece 30 0/30 (i) 0

Hungary (j) 5/15 (c) 0 0

Iceland 5/15 (c) 0 0/5 (k)

India 15/25 (c) 10/15 (l) 10/15 (m)

Indonesia 10/15 (c) 10 10 Ireland 5/15 (c) 0 0

Israel 12.5/25 (c) 10/17.5 (n) 10/15 (o) Italy 5/15 (c) 0/10 (p) 0/5/8 (q)

Jamaica 10/15 (c) 12.5 10 Japan (dd) 0/5/10 0 0

Kazakhstan 5/15 (c) 10 10 Korea (South) 10/15 (c) 12 10/15 (r)

Latvia 5/15 (c) 10 5/10 (g)

Lithuania 5/15 (c) 10 5/10 (g)

Luxembourg (oo) 0/5/15 (c)(s)

0

Malta 5/15 10 10

Mexico 0/5/10 (u) 4.9/10/15 (v) 10 Morocco 10/15 (c) 15 10 Netherlands 0/5/15 (a)

0

New Zealand 0/5/15 (a)(c) 10 5 Norway 15 0 (y) 0

Pakistan 15/30 (c) 30 0/30

Philippines 20/25 (c) 10/15 (z) 15/25 (aa)

Poland (bb) 5/15 (c)

10 Portugal 15 (cc) 10 10

Romania 10 10 10/15 (ee)

Russian Federation 5/10 (c)

0

Slovak Republic 5/15 (c) 0 0/10 (ee)

Slovenia 5/15 (c) 0/5 5

South Africa 5/15 (c)

0

0 Spain (ii) 0/5/15

Sri Lanka 15 10 5/10 (gg)

Sweden 0/5/15 (a)

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0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0

Patent and know-how

Dividends Interest royalties %

%

Switzerland (ff) 5/15 (c)

0

Thailand 10/15 (c) 10/15 (hh) 5/8/15

Trinidad and Tobago 30 30 15

Tunisia 14/20 (c) 15 10/15 (jj)

Turkey 15/20 (c) 10/15 (hh) 5/10 (kk)

Ukraine 5/15 (c) 0 10

USSR (ll) 30 0 0

United Kingdom 0/5/15 (mm) 0 (nn) 0 Venezuela 5/15 (c) 4.95/10 (t) 5/10 (kk)

Non-treaty jurisdictions 30 30 (w) 30

Various exceptions (for example, for governmental entities and REITs) or conditions may apply (for example, a limitation-onbenefits provision), depending upon the terms of the particular treaty.

(a) The 0% rate applies if dividends are paid by an 80%-owned US corporation to its parent company (80% ownership must be for at least a 12-month period ending on the date the dividend is declared or the entitlement is determined) and if certain other conditions are met. The 5% rate applies to dividends paid to a company that directly owns at least 10% of the voting power (or share capital, if applicable) of the payer. The 15% rate applies to other dividends.

(b) The 10% rate applies to all interest payments with the following exceptions: • Interest derived by the government of a contracting state • Interest derived by certain financial institutions

(c) The withholding rate is reduced to 5% (10% in the case of Bangladesh, Indonesia, Jamaica, Korea (South), Morocco, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago; 12.5% in the case of Israel; 14% in the case of Tunisia; 15% in the case of India, Pakistan and Turkey; and 20% in the case of the Philippines) if, among other conditions, the recipient is a corporation owning a specified percentage of the voting power of the distributing corporation.

(d) The 5% rate applies to interest paid to banks or financial institutions and interest related to the sale on credit of industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or of merchandise.

(e) The 0% rate applies to royalties for cultural works as well as to payments for the use of, or the right to use, computer software, patents and information concerning industrial, commercial and scientific experience.

(f) The 0% rate applies to royalties paid for copyrights. The 10% rate applies to royalties paid for patents, trademarks, and industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or information.

(g) The 5% rate applies to royalties paid for the use of commercial, industrial or scientific equipment.

(h) The 0% rate applies to royalties paid for copyrights of literary, artistic or scientific works, cinematographic films, sound or picture recordings, or software.

(i) The exemption does not apply if the recipient controls directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power in the paying corporation.

(j) On 4 February 2010, the United States and Hungary signed a new income tax treaty that would replace the existing treaty between the two countries. As of 31 December 2020, the proposed treaty had not yet received US Senate advice and consent to ratification.

(k) The treaty provides for a general exemption from withholding tax on royal ties. A 5% withholding tax rate applies to royalties for trademarks and motion pictures.

(l) The 10% rate applies to interest paid on loans granted by banks carrying on bona fide banking business and similar financial institutions.

(m) The 10% rate generally applies to royalties for the use of industrial, com mercial or scientific equipment.

(n) The 10% rate applies to interest on bank loans. The 17.5% rate applies to other interest.

(o) The 10% rate applies to copyright and film royalties.

1932 u ni TED s T aTE s
%
0

(p) The exemption applies to the following:

• Interest paid to qualified governmental entities, provided the entity owns, directly or indirectly, less than 25% of the payer of the interest

• Interest paid with respect to debt guaranteed or insured by a qualified governmental entity

• Interest paid or accrued with respect to the sale of goods, merchandise or services

• Interest paid or accrued on a sale of industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment

(q) The 0% rate applies to royalties paid for the use of certain copyright mate rials. The 5% rate applies to royalties paid for the use of computer software and industrial, commercial or scientific equipment. The 8% rate applies in all other cases.

(r) The 10% rate applies to royalties paid for copyrights or rights to produce or reproduce literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works and to royalties paid for motion picture films.

(s) The rate is 0% for dividends paid by a company resident in Luxembourg if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a company that is a resident of the United States and if, during an uninterrupted period of two years preceding the date of payment of the dividends, the beneficial owner of the dividends has held directly at least 25% of the voting shares of the payer.

(t) The 4.95% rate applies to interest paid on loans made by financial institu tions and insurance companies. The 10% rate applies to other interest.

(u) The 0% rate applies to the following dividends:

• Dividends paid to certain recipients that own at least 80% of the voting shares of the payer of the dividends

• Dividends paid to certain pension plans

The 5% rate applies if the conditions for the 0% rate are not met and if the recipient owns at least 10% of the payer of the dividends. The 10% rate applies if the 10% ownership threshold is not met. A protocol to the treaty provides an exemption from the 5% “dividend equivalent amount” tax if certain conditions are met (the conditions are similar to those that apply with respect to the 0% withholding tax rate on dividends).

(v) The 4.9% rate applies to interest paid on loans (except back-to-back loans) made by banks and insurance companies and to interest paid on publicly traded securities. The 10% rate applies to interest paid by banks and to interest paid by sellers to finance purchases of machinery and equipment.

The 15% rate applies to other interest.

(w) Interest on certain “portfolio debt” obligations issued after 18 July 1984 and non-effectively connected bank deposit interest are exempt from with holding tax.

(x) Interest paid to state-owned enterprises in China Mainland is exempt from withholding tax.

(y) The general withholding tax rate for interest may be increased to 10% if both Norway and the United States tax interest paid to nonresidents under their domestic tax laws. Norway does not impose tax on interest paid to nonresidents and, consequently, a 0% rate applies to US-source interest under the treaty. The treaty also provides that a 0% rate applies to certain types of interest, such as interest paid on bank loans.

(z) The 10% rate applies to interest derived by a resident of one of the contract ing states from sources in the other contracting state with respect to public issuances of bonded indebtedness.

(aa) The tax imposed by the source state may not exceed, in the case of the Philippines, the lowest of the following:

• 25%

• 15% if the royalties are paid by a corporation registered with the Philippine Board of Investments and engaged in preferred areas of activities

• The lowest rate of Philippine tax that may be imposed on royalties of the same kind paid under similar circumstances to a resident of a third state

(bb) On 13 February 2013, the United States and Poland signed a new income tax treaty that would replace the existing treaty between the two countries.

As of 31 December 2020, the proposed treaty had not yet received US Senate advice and consent to ratification.

(cc) A reduced rate may apply if the beneficial owner of the dividend is a Portuguese company that owns at least 25% of the capital of the dividendpaying company.

(dd) On 24 January 2013, the United States and Japan signed a protocol to amend the existing income tax treaty between the countries. The protocol entered into force on 30 August 2019.

u ni TED s T aTE s 1933

(ee) The lower rate applies to cultural royalties, which are defined as payments for the right to use copyrights of literary, artistic or scientific works, includ ing cinematographic films.

(ff) On 23 September 2009, the United States and Switzerland signed a proto col to amend the existing income tax treaty between the two countries. The protocol entered into force on 20 September 2019.

(gg) The 5% rate applies to rent paid for the use of tangible movable property.

(hh) The 10% rate applies to interest on loans granted by financial institutions. The 15% rate applies to other interest.

(ii) On 14 January 2013, the United States and Spain signed a new protocol to amend the existing income tax treaty and protocol between the two coun tries. The protocol entered into force on 27 November 2019.

(jj) The 10% rate applies to the following:

• Royalties paid for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment

• Remuneration for the performance of accessory technical assistance with respect to the use of the property or rights described above, to the extent that such technical assistance is performed in the contracting state where the payment for the property or right has its source

The 15% rate applies to royalties or other amounts paid for the following:

• The use of, or right to use, copyrights of literary, artistic and scientific works, including cinematographic and television films and videotapes used in television broadcasts

• Patents, trademarks, designs and models, plans, and secret formulas and processes

• Information relating to industrial, commercial or scientific experience

(kk) The 5% rate applies to payments for the right to use industrial, commercial or scientific equipment. The 10% rate generally applies to other royalties.

(ll) The US Department of Treasury has announced that the income tax treaty between the United States and the USSR, which was signed on 20 June 1973, continues to apply to the former republics of the USSR, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, until the United States enters into tax trea ties with these countries. The United States has entered into tax treaties with Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The withholding tax rates under these treaties are listed in the above table.

(mm) The 0% rate applies if the dividends are paid by US companies to UK companies that owned 80% or more of the voting shares of the payer of the dividends for a 12-month period preceding the declaration of the dividends and if either of the following additional conditions is met:

• The 80% test was met before 1 October 1998.

• The recipient is a qualified resident under certain prongs of the limitation-on-benefits provision in the treaty.

The 0% rate also applies to US-source dividend payments made to UK pension schemes. The 5% rate applies if the beneficial owner of the divi dends is a company owning 10% or more of the payer. For other dividends, the 15% rate applies.

(nn) Withholding tax may be imposed at the full domestic rate on interest paid in certain circumstances.

(oo) On 20 May 2009, the United States and Luxembourg signed a protocol to amend the existing income tax treaty between the two countries. The proto col entered into force on 9 September 2019.

The United States and Chile signed their first-ever income tax treaty and protocol on 4 February 2010. It includes a general limitation-on-benefits provision and reductions in withholding tax rates. As of 31 December 2020, the proposed treaty and protocol had not yet received US Senate advice and consent to ratification.

The United States and Vietnam signed their first-ever income tax treaty and protocol on 7 July 2015. It includes a general limitationon-benefits provision and reductions in withholding tax rates. As of 31 December 2020, the proposed treaty and protocol had not yet received US Senate advice and consent to ratification.

1934 u ni TED s T aTE s

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