Chapter Four
Material Performance and Structure Design
- Hypothesis 1. Instead of block the conmunication between human world and surrounding environment, the Architecture of the future will be the space strengthen the communication. Human chould interactivie, talk to the natural through the architecture. The structure, the wall, can be used not only as the architecture elements but also the media used for communication. - Hypothesis 3 Natural Material should be fully used in the future through innovated structure. Not only the high-tech material, Traditional/ Natural Material can be used as the main building material in the future architecture as well. The innovated structure combined with natural material can be structured harmony both in natural and city. - Hypothesis 5 Architecture in the future will be the interaction between traditional culture and future technology, between original wild enivronment and busy city life. - Bamboo Characteristic study - Natural material joints testing in term 1 - Bamboo workshop, material and structure test in thailand. - One typology building Plan, Section, Structure development - Key construction details - Environmenal strategy
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
BURMA THAILAND
Genreal Distribution of Bamboo in South Asia
Gi
a nt Ba
m boo
N
Used for Primary supporting structure
≈ 700km to site
Burma, Northwestern Thailand and Laos (Chiangmai, Phai Bong or Tong)
≈ 700km to site
Ro
u gh Bam
Used for Floor construction
SITE
≈ 500km to site
boo
Southern and Eastern Central Thailand
(cultivated throughout, chiefly grown in Prachin Buri province)
≈ 500km to site W 1000
2000
3000
m boo
500
Ba
0
h
it e
km
Used for Secondary Supporting structure
≈ 500km to site
Northern and North-eastern Thiland
≈ 500km to site
Three main Species of Bamboo Structure Distribution in South Asia Giant Bamboo
Height=25-35m (Total height)
Growing fast Uses: Giant Bamboo is one among the twelve high yielding bamboos worth raising as a large scale bamboo plantation, as it is very good for construction, paper production and young shoots are good for vegetable products.
Growth Habit Dense Clumping Climate Tropical - Subtropical Hardiness -1°C Origin Southeast Asia
This bamboo species produces a large amount of biomass. It can give an annual yield of 20 to 30 t/ha, which is 2.7 times more than that of Dendrocalamus latiflorus.
Diameters=13-30cm
Rough Bamboo
Rough Bamboo Height=20-30m (Total height) Heavy construction Uses: Dendrocalamus asper stems are used as a building material and structural timber for heavy construction such as houses and bridges. The culm intemodes used as containers for water and other fluids, and as cooking pots. This bamboo is also used for making laminated boards, furniture, musical instruments, chopsticks, household utensils and handicrafts. Young shoots are sweet and considered a delicious vegetable. Many clustered branches with 1 larger central dominant branch usually occur from ca. 9th node up. Growth Habit Climate Hardiness Origin
Clumping Tropical - Subtropical -4 °C Malaysia
Diameters=8-20cm
White Bamboo
Height=20-24m (Total height)
This bamboo species is a good source for paper pulp and has edible shoots. Uses: This bamboo is used for building purposes, furniture, bamboo board, agricultural implements, slat traps, matting, chopsticks, basketry, handicrafts, and as props for fruit trees. It is also one of the most promising species for pulp. Shoots are edible and consumed as a vegetable. Bambusa membranacea is a moderate-sized, strong bamboo forming loose clump. Culms are straight and usually between 20-24 m high and 6-10 cm in diameter. Internodes are 22-38 cm long and covered with a white powdery deciduous scurf when young, but green on maturity. Nodes are strongly ringed and basal nodes show rootlets.
Diameters=6-10cm Growth Habit Clumping Climate Tropical Hardiness -4°C Origin Southeast Asia
Bamboo Distribution and Characteristics
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Introduction of three main construction bamboo materials' chararcteristics. The detail of their diamentions, habitat and living condition. Also the very important of their main purpose. The different kind of bamboo I chose for different parts of building is according to their special characteristics. They can act better performance while in suitable position. Over 50 species bamboo stems have different thickness and hardness, and their living area is different, consider about the transport cost as well during material chosen
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Bamboo section pattern
Bamboo Characteristics
Internode
Bud
Node
Culm
Internode
Hollow Culm
Shoot
Strongest Part
Root
Bamboo Lifecycle
12 Years Gradually loses strenghth
>6 Years
For Building Construction
3-6 Years
For bamboo boards or laminations
2-3 Years
For making baskets
6-9 Months
<30 Days
Bamboo Characteristics and Function
Good for Eating
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Propagation by branch cuttings is a useful, practical and effective method. It is a good method for raising commercial large-scale plantations as in the case of Dendrocalamus asper. The species has aerial roots at the base of the lateral branch. Bigger branches have more potential for rooting than small ones. Rooting is abundant in rice husk charcoal medium, the roots are slender, thin and long, whereas those in soil are bigger and clustered. The rooting efficiency of each species is different and depends on culm size and wall thickness. Thick-walled bamboos posses potential for higher sprouting and rooting probably due to more food reserves in the culm.
Bamoo life cycle ---quick, reuse
The Carbon Cycle
Giant Bamboo 2.4m
ATMOSPHERE 2.2m
Healthy Forests Store Carbon
Wildlifes Release Carbon WOOD PRODUCTS
DAY 16
2.0 m
Wood Waste is turned into Clean Energy
1.8m
CARBON STORAGE
Carbon Released
DAY 15
Harvested areas Replanted
1.6m DAY 14 Growing trees absorb carbon rapidlly
1.4m DAY 13
1.2m
1.0 m
Resources (Fosil Fuels) Extracted
DAY 12
Organic Material decay. Transferring carbon undergr Dead Materials store carbon temporarily OIL COAL GAS
DAY 11 DAY 10
0.8m
The environmenal effects (Carbon dioxide) of bamboo Bamboo forests have many environmental benefits because they function as carbon sinks, produce oxygen, control soil erosion, provide organic matter, regulate water levels in watersheds, conserve biodiversity, beautify the landscape, and essentially contribute to the purification and regulation of the environment.
0.6m
0.4m DAY 5 0.2m DAY 1 0
BIOMASS
5.8 TIMES All woody bamboos have their environmental importance, however giant timber bamboo species such as Guadua angustifolia are particularly astounding... Bamboo captures huge amounts of carbon dioxide which they generate and convert into oxygen. Scientific studies in commercial bamboo plantations in Mexico show that Guadua angustifolia has the capacity to capture 149.9 tons of CO2 per hectare in the first 7 years after planting (average of 21.41 tons / ha / year). Information which is fundamental and necessary to enter the international system of carbon trading, and which can bring additional benefit for investors and farmers who grow and cultivate Guadua bamboo. Bamboo does not release the trapped CO2 as it stays captures inside the plant, even after the harvested timber is used in value added products for construction, flooring, panels, etc. it still functions as a carbon sink. One hectare of adult Guadua bamboo can also produce 5.8 times more biomass compared to most other forest species. Furthermore, bamboo is a sustainable and renewable resource because it continuously spreads vegetatively. This allows the formation of forests much faster compared to most other tree species. Unlike other types of commercial forestry crops where trees must be clear-cut and replanted, in bamboo plantations only mature stems are harvested while younger stems are left untouched to mature and develop. All these characteristics have called the attention of industrialized countries, and reveals the environmental impact and potential of Guadua Bamboo as a high yielding forestry crop. These countries who according to the Kyoto Protocol must reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, see Guadua bamboo as an alternative that could help solve a global problem, perhaps, even at less costs compared to other expensive technological processes, which are much more complicated as well.
Building Environmental Impact and lifecycle
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Bamboo is a member of the botanical tribe of Gramineae with over 70 genera of reputedly 1500 species whose woody stems called culms can have a mature size ranging from 100 mm to 36 metres with individual culms growing up to 30 cm in diameter. Bamboo as the natural material has the great sustainable benefits for city. It can absorb CO2 and give out oxgen more effciently than other plants. The diagram introduce the normal forest transfer CO2 process. Bamboo removes CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis by using carbon as an energy source and converting it into plant tissue which releases oxygen (O2) as a by-product. Bamboo absorbs carbon dioxide and releases 35% more oxygen into the atmosphere than an equivalent stand of hardwood trees.1 hectar of bamboo sequesters 62 tons of CO2/year (source: J.Janssen, Technical University Eindhoven, 2000) 1 hectar of young forest sequesters 15 tons of CO2/year
The Umbrella flexible structure testing
The flexible arm structure and joints experiment
Material joints testing Model Using different materials and ways to testing the joints. Testing the combination of materials.
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Bird Nest Model
Internal bed structure
The facade pattern
The Bird nest pod tesing The structure can be stretched like the umbrella. According to the program changed inside, the structure is flexible. It can be used for the birdwatching.
Material and Structure Performance--Bird Nest Model The first model to show the natural material performance. Using wood/bamboo and the grass to create a natrual feeling
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Structure Developing
The pods hanging underneath, are different collectors, breeding containers or exhibition units, supporting the growing natural system. The structure is flexible, it can shrink according to variously situation, seems breathing in the system. The structure also become the signal to inform the internal changes.
The breathing pods with changeable container canopy, the canopy changes the volume of CO2 and protects the solar radiation.
Material and Structure Performance development
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Joints Developing
Estabilshing the artifical tree structure, combined with real tree branches and artificial containers. The tree crown structure consisted by branches and artificial tri-angel containers. The tri-angel structure can be containers, or open window area.
Material and Structure Performance--landscape element
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
The Model joints testing Natural Material and artificial element combination testing. The images above show the connection joints developent. The branches insert the Cylinder joints, the cylinder can decided the accurate angle of branches. And the cylinder joints can also be plant containers.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Thick ropes
A quater of bamboo in section
Moving Track Connection
The another fixed node of the umbrella track. Linked with the balustrade of the corridor.
Connecction joints details
Gear details
The bamboo go through the column structure, using Ropes to tight on one side to make it stable.
Central Supporting Structure
Bamboo structure Experiment
The materials we used are just bamboo and ropes. Using the thick bamboo to do the main structure and the thin one to do the secondary structure and the skin. Using the ropes to tight the bamboo as the connection nodes The central supporting structure, using a very thick bamboo section as the column.
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Flexible Arm Structure
Pulling the rope to move
A testing Structure Arm
Controlling part
According to the umbrella structure principle, using bamboo instead of steel frame and wire. By controlling one point to open and close the arms
Fixed Arm
Central supporting column Flexible Arm
Elastic gives the tension When people pull the rope, the arm could be open When people release the rop, the arm would go back to original position
Flexible Arm
Fixed Arm
Cutting bamboo into different length for structure
Bamboo structure Experiment
Different length of arms
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Final Arm structures Different length designed according the sun direction, in order to prevent sunlight not only from vertical but horizontal as well.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Skin Pattern
Skin Pattern
Shadow Pattern Testing
Bamboo Pattern Model Pattern shadow reflected on floor
Bamboo Pattern Experiment Shadow pattern testing Put the skin pattern under the sun, to test the shadow pattern on the floor and people. Testing Different pattern organization Different pattern density Different pattern direction Different pattern combination
Shadow reflected on people
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Shadow Pattern Testing
Testing different reflection of diversity shadow pattern on human body.
Diagnostic Shadow
The Red crossing shadow reflected Brain, Heart, Lung, liver, stomach, artery.
Diagnostic Shadow
The Blue crossing shadow reflected chest, belly, shoulder, back, arms...
Bamboo Pattern Experiment
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Bamboo structure Final Model
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin