Chapter Three
Interaction between Human and Elephant (program define process)
- Hypothesis 2 Rather than the ZOO, there will the space that can achieve the balance between human and natural system. The space can be shared by human and elephants harmony at the same time. The space should be benifit for both of human and elephants, bring happiness and meaniful live for all. Elephants should not be kept in a small cage for their lifetime in the zoo for visitors to look at. - Hypothesis 5 Architecture in the future will be the interaction between traditional culture and future technology, between original wild enivronment and busy city life. - General information about Asian Elephants situation, background supporting - Concept images from term 1, getting idea of interaction between human and animals. - Program defination through elephant's daily timetable
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Asian elephant population estimates
China Elephant Range: 25,000 km² approx Nepal
Myanmar
Total Wild Elephants: 3,000-3,700
Laos
Total Captive Population: 3,500-4,000 India Cambodi
60% of Total population in Thailand
Sri Lanka Malaysia Thailand
Indonesia
Asian elephant population estimates, 2011 2800
6000 1000 Minimum estimate
100
Maximum estimate
Distribution and gender rations in north Thailand
Chiang Rai (34) Chiang Dao (47)
Pai (12)
Mae Taeng (223)
Mae Hong Son (17) Mae Sa (76)
Chiang Mai (1)
Mae Wang (48)
>100 51-100 26-50 1-25
Hang Dong (16)
Lampang TECC (42)
percentage females percentage males
Gender ratios of each age category.
MALES 32%
FEMALES 68%
Average
46%
54%
0-10 years
27% 24% 28% 37%
73%
11-20 years
76%
21-30 years 31-40 years
72% 63%
41-50 years Female elephants have high percentage in elephant. They mainly for the breeding. The elephant herds are grouped by females and cows.
Elephant situation
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Thailand possesses an estimated 1000-1500 wild individuals, most of which occur in protected areasHowever, contrary to most other countries, Thailand holds a higher number of captive individuals than wild ones, the former comprising approximately 60% of the total population Many Thai experts believe the number of wild elephants to be very much lower than the figures quoted above and some put the total number at below 1,000. In the past, Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forests teemed with a vast wild population estimated at the beginning of the 20th century to be in excess of 300,000 with a further 100,000 domesticated elephants.
Asian elephant Situation
Asian elephant Reducing
In 2100s
Will be extinct in the future
50 YEARS Elephants can only be seen in Museum.
In 2050s Wild Elephants in Thailand
50 YEARS Elephants are trained for tourism
In 2000s
Only 1500 left in Thailand
50 YEARS Domesticated Elephants in Thailand
Human used elephants carrying woods.
> 5 0 % decreasing
In 1950s
During 50 years, decreasing more than 50%, only less than 50, 000 left in the world
50 YEARS
Street Elephants in Thailand
Elephants are soldiers in the Old time
Before 1900s
More than 100,000 Asian Elephats in the whole world
Asian elephant Threats
Capture of wild The capture of wild elephants for domestic use has become a threat to wild populations where numbers have been seriously reduced. Unfortunately, crude capture methods have led to a high mortality level. Efforts are being made not only to improve safety but also to encourage captive breeding rather than taking from the wild. With nearly 30% of the remaining Asian elephants in captivity, attention needs to be paid to improved care and, where appropriate, reintroduction of individuals into the wild.
Illegal hunting and trade In Asian elephants, only males carry tusks and therefore poaching is aimed exclusively at males. Selective removal of tuskers for their ivory may lead to an increase in the proportion of tuskless males in the population.
Habitat loss and fragmentation A substantial proportion of the world's population live in or near the present range of the Asian elephant, which leads to elephant-human conflict. Incidents of elephants raiding crops and villages are on the rise. This causes losses to human property and, sometimes, human lives. Retaliation by villagers often results in killings of these elephants. Experts already consider such confrontations to be the leading cause of elephant deaths in Asia.
Thailand’s highly successful tourist industry is likely to ensure that large numbers of domesticated elephants will remain in employment for the foreseeable future. The biggest concern are for the welfare of these and Thailand’s other domesticated elephants. The government is currently considering legislation in this field and hopefully an enlightened policy will provide elephants with the legal protection they need. The continually growing human population of tropical Asia has encroached upon the elephant's dense but dwindling forest habitat. About 20% of the world's human population lives in or near the present range of the Asian elephant.
Disease In the early 1990s, an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a cattle disease rare among elephants, was responsible for the deaths of several animals in Sri Lanka's Uda Walawe National Park in May 1994. In small herds of elephants, epidemics such as this could wipe out entire groups.
Fierce competition for living space has resulted in human suffering, a dramatic loss of forest cover, and reduced Asian elephant numbers to between 25,600 and 32,750 animals in the wild. Asian elephant populations are highly fragmented, with fewer than 10 populations comprising more than 1,000 individuals in a contiguous area, greatly decreasing their chances for survival.
Genetic threat There has been concern about the genetic effects of reduced numbers of male big tuskers. The danger arises when they are eliminated, and poachers find it worthwhile to kill immature males for their small tusks. When tuskers are killed, the number of males in a population decreases, resulting in skewed sex ratios. This may lead to inbreeding and eventually to high juvenile mortality and overall low breeding success. Removing large tuskers also reduces the probability that these longer-ranging loners will mate and exchange genes with females of different sub-populations.
Elephant situation
The long term survival of the wild elephant population in Thailand is under the severest threat. The greatest hope is fgfthat the government, the National Elephant Institute and other interested parties are able to make a success of the National Parks Policy and enough protected habitat can be laid aside in which viable elephant populations can survive.
Most of the national parks and reserves where elephants occur are too small to accommodate viable elephant populations. The conversion of forested areas to agricultural use also leads to serious elephant-human conflicts. In India, up to 300 people are killed by elephants each year.
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
The relationship between elephants and humans has become increasingly important as human populations grow and encroach on the elephants' territories. If the current trend of population growth continues, it could reach 12 billion people by the year 2054. Already 20% of the world’s population live in or near the range of Asia’s elephants. Human settlements are breaking up their habitats and cutting them off from other elephants and they are unable to follow their ancient migratory routes. Smaller herds result in interbreeding and a loss of the genetic diversity they need to ensure their long-term survival.
Asian Elephant Characteristics
Access to shade when they are exposed to direct sunlight 40°F (5°C)<T 70°F (21°C) Best temperature
Shelter
Asian Elephant Social Life Long: 3.5-4.5m Long: 5.5-6.5m
Height : 2.5- 3m
Weight: 3-5 tones
HABITAT: Grassland, Forest and Scrubland HEIGHT: Up to 10ft (3m) tall WEIGHT: 3 to 5 tonnes LIFESPAN: 60-75 years in captivity
Asian Elephant Diet Nutrition Table
Family groups of on average six or seven Elephants are a social species and herds often perform activities together, such as feeding, drinking, walking, resting, and wallowing.
Asian Elephants are herbivores and will spend the majority of the morning, late afternoon and night time grazing, their diet primarily consists of grass however they will also eat bark, leaves, shrubs, roots, vines and fruit. Each individual will consume around 150kg a day; however, most of this comes out in their faeces, as they will only digest around 40% of their intake. Elephants will drink between 70-90 litres of water a day.
An elephant’s skin must be thoroughly inspected on a daily basis and cared for as needed through bathing, removal of dead skin, and treatment of dry skin or other skin problems. While outdoors and weather permitting, elephants must have regular access to water sources, such as a pools, waterfalls, misters/sprinklers, or wallows that provide enrichment and allow the elephants to cool and/or bathe themselves
Checklist of AZA Standard Elephant Program Behavioral Components
Asian Elephant Daily Habitat
Elephant Characteristics and Habitats
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
The Asian Elephant is the largest land mammal. They have thick skin which is a grey/ brown colour covered in hairs, on some parts of the elephant their skin is 1.5 inches thick. Elephants have poor eyesight considering their size; however, their heaing is extremely good meaning they can communicate in very low ranges and using sounds that can travel great distances. Their brain is 5kg in weight, which is four times the average weight of a man's brain. In contrast to African elephants, Asian elephants have ears that are smaller, the back is not dipped it is arched, the head is the highest part of the body rather than the shoulders, the trunk has a single finger-like projection rather than two, and the front and back feet have a different number of toe nails.
Asian Elephant Medical Requirement
Holding elephants must hold a minimum of three females (or the space to hold three females), two males or three elephants of mixed gender In most cases where an institution has one remaining elephant, the remaining elephant will receive a recommendation for relocation at another AZA institution from the Elephant TAG/SSP. All elephants must be visually inspected on a daily basis The elephant team must work closely with the veterinary and nutrition teams o balance medical and nutritional requirements with behavioral components and activity levels for each elephant. A recommended minimum height of walls, cables and horizontal railings for adult elephants is 8 ft (2.4 m).Recommended materials for barriers include solid concrete, rock walls or horizontal steel rails, pipe or cable. Minimum recommended stall space (i.e. temporary holding, overnight, etc) is not less than 600 sq ft (56 sq m) for males or females with calves, and not less than 400 sq ft (37 sq m) for females. Minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space Standard: There are no standards for minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space at this time. Facility must have sufficient structures for all elephants to participate in all ranges of natural behaviors. Elephants are a social species and herds often perform activities together, such as feeding, drinking, walking, resting, and wallowing. It is recommended that pools be constructed with rounded edges, and without corners. Artificial pools should have either multiple or lengthy gently sloping exit and entrance areas, with non-slip surfaces, and at an angle no greater than 30° Recommended minimum size for outdoor habitats is not less than 5400 sq ft (500 sq m) per elephant using the habitat. A varied terrain provides more complexity in the environment as well as exercise opportunities, such as walking, turning, reaching, stretching, climbing, bending, digging, pushing, pulling, and lifting. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. Breeding facilities must have a birth protocol in place, which provides for care of the mother during pregnancy and parturition and safety of the calf immediately after birth. Measurement: Birth protocol is reviewed. Explanation: In order to avoid incidents of calf injury or unsuccessful births due to lack of a plan or lack or preparedness, a detailed birth protocol must be written for all pregnant elephants. For first time mothers, this protocol must include the ability to restrain the mother AZA Standards for Elephant Management and Care, March 2011 Page 25 and retrieve the calf at parturition if necessary. The protocol must include methods of care of the mother in case of birth complications requiring veterinary intervention. There are several excellent birth protocols available from successful breeding institutions. The Elephant Husbandry Resource Guide is also a valuable reference for developing the institutional birth protocol. First time mothers in particular may require significant management. Initial protection of the calf and control of the mother are critical to a successful birth. Introduction of the new calves and mothers to the herd must be accomplished both cautiously and expeditiously. Reintroduction of the calves and mothers to the natal group or herd should be accomplished as quickly as possible. Every institution should institute a program to educate zoo visitors about elephant and elephant conservation issues (EMA 1999, Hutchins and Smith, 2000). Measurement: Records of elephant education program should be reviewed. Explanation: Assistance is available from the Elephant TAG/SSP Education Advisor. Every institution should have up-to-date educational graphics and/or information about elephants on display to the public. Institutions must have the ability to manage introductions and separations of elephants, including; a new female to an existing herd, females to males for breeding, calves to their mothers, and calves and mothers to the herd. An institutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s foot care protocol should include daily cleaning and inspection of all elephantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; feet. Every institution must have a browse program/protocol as a part of their elephant management program. If males are housed, separate facilities for isolation must be available, and a program of social contact in place Isolation facilities for birth and postpartum management must be available
Supporting Foundation
Outdoor habitat surfaces must consist primarily of natural substrates (e.g., soil, sand, grass) that provide good drainage. Enclosures must be made up of a combination of hard substrates and soft substrates. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors, such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. The use of both wet and dry wallows is encouraged to assist with skin care and protection against the sun and biting insects. Elephants can lie on mounds of earth. Providing a combination of hard substrates to promote normal wear of footpads and soft substrates, such as earth and sand, to promote dust bathing is preferred.
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Concept Collage -- Relationship between human and elephant
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
The collage indicating the relationship between human and elephant. Elephant has the great economic potential for locals, their dung can produced for the fuel to make paper, and the elephant's toursim bring the great benifit for local people as well. At the same time, as the green area is getting less and less, elephant's food is lack, human provided the food for them The relationship is the interesting issue to exlore in the following.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Concept Collage -- Children and Nature
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
This collage showing the relationship between children and nature. Nature has the great education meaning especially for children, they can learn a lot from nature. But the green land is getting less and less as the city development. In order to bring the happiness and education to children, how to create a nature land in daily life is another issue to explore.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Satellite Diagram
The workshop pod The workshop for children to learn about natural diversity and relationship by their feeling and observation. They could watch bird, see how to breeding butterfly and produce silk. They could ake the Specimen by themselves as well.
The feeding pod There are three bowls with plenty food in the pod. The structure is stretched when the food is plenty, the weight stretchs the stucture. The structure would go back to original position when the food is empty, the weight force gone.
One group of the whole system to explore
The house unit surrounding the single artifical tree. Used for different function The expandable structure also as the a sign to inform people what happen inside.
The eating pod The resting and eating space for visitors When the structure is open, it means it is opened, otherwise it is closed
Initial Idea of Interactive space between human and natural
The birdwatching pod The pod provided the space for birdwatcher to stay. It looks like the bird nest in order not to scare birds away
The breeding pod The pod is butterfly breeding pod, the bowls provided the food for butterflies, as the structure shape changed, people could know the time to supply the food
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
It shows the different combination space between human and nature, like a village which shared by both human and animals.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Healthy Elephants send back to natural
Sick/ Old Elephants from natural
WEE
K 12
K1
WEE
YS
CA
TR
2
L
K
W
IA
EE
E
W
EK
PH
11
EA TM
EN
LY
T
3
WEE
WEEK
K 10
NU
TR
IT
IO
N
SU
PP
WORKSHOP MonthONE
WORKSHOP Month Three
THREE MONTH TREATMENT The program of the project is the temporary living space. The space is the medical center to give the special care of illness or old elephants and at the same time provides the three month workshop for people. People can take part into the whole elephant treatment process. When the elephants are cured, send them back to the natural.
4
EK WE
9
EK
WE
NG
NI
AI N
8
5
K W
K
EE
EE
TR
A
SI
PH Y
W
CA L
TWICE A WEEK WORKSHOP Interaction with elephants
THREE MONTH WORKSHOP WEE
The workshop is last for three month. Encourage people to take part into the whole treatment process and learn from it. The workshop is twice a week and the program would change according to the elephants rehabilitate situation
WEEK
K6
7
WORKSHOP Month TWO
Program Definition
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Different from zoo The land designed as the temporary space for three month medical treatment. The space is the medical center to give the special care of illness or old elephants and at the same time provides the three month workshop for people. People can take part into the whole elephant treatment process. When the elephants are cured, send them back to the natural. The workshop is designed for three month as well. Encourage people to take part into the whole treatment process and learn from it. The workshop is twice a week and the program would change according to the elephants rehabilitate situation
Elephant Daily Timetable Timeline 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM
7am
10am
11am 1000m
1000m
3000m
12pm
1000m
3pm
2pm
1pm
1000m
3000m
5pm
7pm
9pm
1000m 2000m
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM
m 0
250
500
Eating Time
Dung Time
Bathing Time
SleepingTime
Elephant Daily Timetable
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
The timetable indicated the daily habitat from 7:00am to 9:00pm in real jungle context The diet and the social time is according to elephants' real wild life. The timetable shows the most suitable habitat for elephant, creating the city jungle according to this timetable is good for the breeding.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
The Interactive activities between Human and Elephants
Program Descrition Interactive Healty Station Breeding Workshop Space. --80m2
Education and communication, for children to learn how to know elephant breeding and growing process better (Comparatively parivate, registeration needed Including elephant care, healthy test, healthy data analysis)
Interactive Sound Communication space. --35m2
Public open, visitors can learn how to listen to the elephants talking by analysis the infrasound data. (Infrasound wave machine to test the sound of elephant)
Public interactive open space --125m2 For resting and obversation
The face to face plateform --20m2
PLAYING
Learn closely about elephants (Can check the elephant health situation in a close space)
Technical Exhibition and Education Space--80m2
(The space introduces to visitors the breeding process and the healthy gene knowledge. It also the space teaching children the lab testing process for workshop downstaris)
Breeding lab office--120m2
(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)
Bamboo workshop--180m2
Children can learn abouth natural material and using bamboo to make toys for elephants
FEEDING
FEEDING
Program Descrition Interactive Feeding Space Nutrition Workshop Space. --160m2
-- Bamboo Plants workshop, (make the food with bamboo for elephants) --Salt soil worksho. ( Mixed with soil and salt to make special food for elephants) --Artificial plants (Combined with high-tech elements, combined with the special nutrition witch elephants needed) Education and communication, for children to learn elephant diet better
Interactive Food supply space. --50m
Students can learn how to feed elephants by giving the food which they made in workshop
Public interactive open space --125m2 For resting and obversation
Food producing process Exhibition and Education Space--100m2
(The space introduces to visitors the artifical food prodution process and the nutrition knowledge. It also the space teaching children how to make the food by themselves)
Nurition lab office--120m2
(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)
Human Eating space--90m2
Visitors could have lunch at the same time with elephants, they can eating and watching them.
Plants testing pods--60m2
The area collecting the pods which hanging under
Elephant Daily Timetable with human activity It shows at different time during a day, human can have diversity activities with elephants. Join in elephants' life
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
Elephant and human interactive time Daily Timetable Timeline
The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes)
7:00 AM
The Activity peak hour is the inteseting period for human to invlove --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants eating, shower, walking.) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to learn how to judge the elephant healthy situation through their daily activity) --Researchers (Come to record the elephant activity data, in order to analysis the healthy statement and habitats) --Trainner (Come to train the elephants in oreder to better breeding and health)
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM
The Shower time --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants Bathing and playing) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant bathing habitat, to learn what they need
12:00 PM 1:00 PM
and process and time for their bathing)
The Playing and resting period --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants playing in soical herd) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to learn how they playing together in herd, to know their social community) --Researchers (Come to record the elephant activity data, in order to analysis the healthy statement and habitats)
2:00 PM
The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes)
10am
7am
11am
12pm
3pm
2pm
1pm
5pm
7pm
9pm
The Activity peak hour is the inteseting period for human to invlove --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants swiming, eating, shower, walking.) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to know how they can swim, to learn how to judge the elephant healthy situation
3:00 PM 4:00 PM
through their daily activity)
5:00 PM
The Dinner and resting period --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants swiming, eating, shower, walking.)
6:00 PM
The Social Family Time --Researchers (Come to record the elephant breeding activity data, to check the breeding situation, in order to
7:00 PM 8:00 PM
analysis the healthy statement and habitats)
9:00 PM
The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes) m
0
250
500
visitors
Trainners
Students
Researchers
Elephant Daily Timetable to define the human program
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
The timetable indicated the period involved with human activities according to the elephant daily timetable Different kind of visitors interested in different time period. The program is decided according to the interactive time period with huaman and elephant.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
1. Bamboo Cafe/Restaurant for human. ( The food made with bamboo as main material) 2. Fruit Cafe/Restaurant for human. ( The food made with fruit as main material) 3. The structural gap filled with plants 4. Stair Circulation 5. Workshop (Made food for elephants) 6. Corridor connected with the external walking path.
A
7. Food feeding space.( People take the food downstairs to put them into tyres, giving to elephants)
A
8. Food feeding space.( People take the food downstairs to put them into moving pods, giving to elephants) 9. Bamboo grid floor with hanging the tyres 10. Stair Circulation to lower interactive platforms 11. Hanging tyres with food inside, as the food supply 12. Observation platform 13. Feeding platform
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ineractive Feeding Station Section A-A 1:50
Bangkok, Thailand----in 2050
The House of the Future---<Elephant Embassy>
This Feeding station section mainly to show the interactive activities between human and elephants. How they feeding or making food for elephants.
Bartlett Year 4
Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin
1:50 1 0
3 2
m
5 4
6