Y4-DR Section1 by Xiaoying Lin

ELEPHANT EMBASSY

Design Realisation Report 2013-2014

Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

Contents

Introduction 0.1. Project Brief 0.2 Asian Elephant situation 0.3 Planning and Elephant regualtion

01 02 05

Section 1 Building form, systems, planning and context 1.1.1 Project Context 1.1.2 Site Environmental condition 1.1.3 Site strategy 1.1.4 Site boundary defination 1.1.5 Program defination 1.1.6 Elephant territory Design 1.1.7 Interactive Healthy station arrangement 1.1.8 Plan and Section 1.2 General Constrution Strategy 1.3 Gerneral Structural Strategy 1.4 M+E and sanitation systems 1.5 Acoustic qualities 1.6 Means of escape 1.7 Circulation and Access 1.8 Health and Safety in construction

07 09 11 17 21 24 26 30 31 33 37 38 39 40 42

Section 2 Building Construction 2.1 Material selection and Performance 2.2 Construction Sequence 2.3 Walking Path structural Development 2.4 Interactive Healthy Station Structural Development 2.5 Interactive Healthy Station Key Plan Level one 2.6 Interactive Healthy Station Key Structural section 2.7 Key Jointing Details 2.8 Key Enclosure Details

44 48 49 53 56 57 58 71

Section 3 Building Performance 3.1 Building Environmental Impact and lifecycle 3.2 Building Environmental Condition 3.3 Overall energy Strategy 3.4 Ventilation and Cooling Strategy 3.5 Natural Lighting Strategy 3.6 Water Supply, Drainage and Treatment 3.7 Environmental strategy

79 84 85 89 91 94 98

Section 4 Building Delivery 4.1 Local and Financial Context 4.2 Local Planning Policy 4.3 Elephant Breeding regulation and case study 4.4 Procurement Route 4.5 Key Roles and Relationships 4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety

BIBLIOGRAPHY

100 102 104 106 108 110

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

100째30'00"E

2050-The last few Elephants in Thailand

BRIEF Elephant embassy

Background In 2050, as the ceaseless conflict between human and natural, hundreds of endangered animals extinct. There are only Few Asian Elephants left in Thailand The elephants become one of the social member, have same social position with human, to sharing the city land. Same as the culture difference in different countries, the differences between human and elephant world is waiting to explore....

Purposal The main purpose of Elephant embassy is Communication and Education. The project is aiming to invited people to elephant world, to know their language, their habitat, their perference, and withoust too much disturb at the same time. The Elephant embassy which is the Realm for elephant, elephants as the host own the space in the city area. The space and facilities are all designed from elephant aspects. The space provides a valuable educational context for children, It is the space that children can interact with real natural and learn about elephant. It is also rescue the aisan elephants from the destroied natural system in Thailand, help to keep the species continously by Special Healthy Caring and genetic techonology research.

0.1 Project Brief

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 1

13째43'48"N

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Asian elephant population estimates

Elephant Range: 25,000 kmÂ˛ approx

China

Total Wild Elephants: 3,000-3,700 Nepal

Myanmar

Total Captive Population: 3,500-4,000

Laos

India Cambodi

60% of Total population in Thailand

Sri Lanka Malaysia Thailand

Indonesia

Asian elephant population estimates, 2011 2800

6000 1000 Minimum estimate

100

Maximum estimate

Distribution and gender rations in north Thailand

Chiang Rai (34) Chiang Dao (47)

Pai (12)

Mae Taeng (223)

percentage females percentage males

Mae Hong Son (17) Mae Sa (76)

>100 51-100 26-50 1-25

Mae Wang (48)

Chiang Mai (1)

Hang Dong (16)

Lampang TECC (42)

Gender ratios of each age category.

MALES 32%

FEMALES 68%

Average

46%

0-10 years

27% 24% 28%

73%

11-20 years

76%

21-30 years 31-40 years 41-50 years

37%

54%

72% 63%

Female elephants have high percentage in elephant. They mainly for the breeding. The elephant herds are grouped by females and cows.

0.2 Asian Elephant situation

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 2

Thailand possesses an estimated 1000-1500 wild individuals, most of which occur in protected areasHowever, contrary to most other countries, Thailand holds a higher number of captive individuals than wild ones, the former comprising approximately 60% of the total population Many Thai experts believe the number of wild elephants to be very much lower than the figures quoted above and some put the total number at below 1,000. In the past, Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forests teemed with a vast wild population estimated at the beginning of the 20th century to be in excess of 300,000 with a further 100,000 domesticated elephants.

In 2100s

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Asian elephant Situation Will be extinct in the

Wild Elephants in Thailand

50 YEARS

Elephants can only be seen in In 2050s

50 YEARS Domesticated Elephants in Thailand

Elephants are trained for tourism

In 2000s

Only 1500 left in Thailand

50 YEARS

> 5 0 % decreasing

Human used elephants carrying In 1950s

Street Elephants in Thailand

During 50 years, decreasing more than 50%, only less than 50, 000 left

in the world

50 YEARS

Elephants are soldiers in the Old time

Before 1900s

More than 100,000 Asian Elephats in the whole world

Asian elephant Threats

Capture of wild The capture of wild elephants for domestic use has become a threat to wild populations where numbers have been seriously reduced. Unfortunately, crude capture methods have led to a high mortality level. Efforts are being made not only to improve safety but also to encourage captive breeding rather than taking from the wild. With nearly 30% of the remaining Asian elephants in captivity, attention needs to be paid to improved care and, where appropriate, reintroduction of individuals into the wild.

Illegal hunting and trade In Asian elephants, only males carry tusks and therefore poaching is aimed exclusively at males. Selective removal of tuskers for their ivory may lead to an increase in the proportion of tuskless males in the population.

Habitat loss and fragmentation A substantial proportion of the world's population live in or near the present range of the Asian elephant, which leads to elephant-human conflict. Incidents of elephants raiding crops and villages are on the rise. This causes losses to human property and, sometimes, human lives. Retaliation by villagers often results in killings of these elephants. Experts already consider such confrontations to be the leading cause of elephant deaths in Asia.

Disease In the early 1990s, an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a cattle disease rare among elephants, was responsible for the deaths of several animals in Sri Lanka's Uda Walawe National Park in May 1994. In small herds of elephants, epidemics such as this could wipe out entire groups.

Genetic threat There has been concern about the genetic effects of reduced numbers of male big tuskers. The danger arises when they are eliminated, and poachers find it worthwhile to kill immature males for their small tusks. When tuskers are killed, the number of males in a population decreases, resulting in skewed sex ratios. This may lead to inbreeding and eventually to high juvenile mortality and overall low breeding success. Removing large tuskers also reduces the probability that these longer-ranging loners will mate and exchange genes with females of different sub-populations.

0.2 Asian Elephant situation

The long term survival of the wild elephant population in Thailand is under the severest threat. The greatest hope is fgfthat the government, the National Elephant Institute and other interested parties are able to make a success of the National Parks Policy and enough protected habitat can be laid aside in which viable elephant populations can survive. Thailand’s highly successful tourist industry is likely to ensure that large numbers of domesticated elephants will remain in employment for the foreseeable future. The biggest concern are for the welfare of these and Thailand’s other domesticated elephants. The government is currently considering legislation in this field and hopefully an enlightened policy will provide elephants with the legal protection they need. The continually growing human population of tropical Asia has encroached upon the elephant's dense but dwindling forest habitat. About 20% of the world's human population lives in or near the present range of the Asian elephant. Fierce competition for living space has resulted in human suffering, a dramatic loss of forest cover, and reduced Asian elephant numbers to between 25,600 and 32,750 animals in the wild. Asian elephant populations are highly fragmented, with fewer than 10 populations comprising more than 1,000 individuals in a contiguous area, greatly decreasing their chances for survival. Most of the national parks and reserves where elephants occur are too small to accommodate viable elephant populations. The conversion of forested areas to agricultural use also leads to serious elephant-human conflicts. In India, up to 300 people are killed by elephants each year.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 3

The relationship between elephants and humans has become increasingly important as human populations grow and encroach on the elephants' territories. If the current trend of population growth continues, it could reach 12 billion people by the year 2054. Already 20% of the world’s population live in or near the range of Asia’s elephants. Human settlements are breaking up their habitats and cutting them off from other elephants and they are unable to follow their ancient migratory routes. Smaller herds result in interbreeding and a loss of the genetic diversity they need to ensure their long-term survival.

Asian elephant Reducing

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Asian Elephant

Access to shade when they are exposed to direct sunlight 40°F (5°C)<T 70°F (21°C) Best temperature

Shelter

Long: 3.5-4.5m Long: 5.5-6.5m

Height : 2.5- 3m

Weight: 3-5 tones

Family groups of on average six or seven Elephants are a social species and herds often perform activities together, such as feeding, drinking, walking, resting, and wallowing.

Nutrition Table

Asian Elephants are herbivores and will spend the majority of the morning, late afternoon and night time grazing, their diet primarily consists of grass however they will also eat bark, leaves, shrubs, roots, vines and fruit. Each individual will consume around 150kg a day; however, most of this comes out in their faeces, as they will only digest around 40% of their intake. Elephants will drink between 70-90 litres of water a day.

Checklist of AZA Standard Elephant Program Behavioral Components

DAILY HABITAT An elephant’s skin must be thoroughly inspected on a daily basis and cared for as needed through bathing, removal of dead skin, and treatment of dry skin or other skin problems. While outdoors and weather permitting, elephants must have regular access to water sources, such as a pools, waterfalls, misters/sprinklers, or wallows that provide enrichment and allow the elephants to cool and/or bathe themselves

0.2 Asian Elephant situation

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

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HABITAT: Grassland, Forest and Scrubland HEIGHT: Up to 10ft (3m) tall WEIGHT: 3 to 5 tonnes LIFESPAN: 60-75 years in captivity The Asian Elephant is the largest land mammal. They have thick skin which is a grey/ brown colour covered in hairs, on some parts of the elephant their skin is 1.5 inches thick. Elephants have poor eyesight considering their size; however, their heaing is extremely good meaning they can communicate in very low ranges and using sounds that can travel great distances. Their brain is 5kg in weight, which is four times the average weight of a man's brain. In contrast to African elephants, Asian elephants have ears that are smaller, the back is not dipped it is arched, the head is the highest part of the body rather than the shoulders, the trunk has a single finger-like projection rather than two, and the front and back feet have a different number of toe nails.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Holding elephants must hold a minimum of three females (or the space to hold three females), two males or three elephants of mixed gender In most cases where an institution has one remaining elephant, the remaining elephant will receive a recommendation for relocation at another AZA institution from the Elephant TAG/SSP. All elephants must be visually inspected on a daily basis The elephant team must work closely with the veterinary and nutrition teams o balance medical and nutritional requirements with behavioral components and activity levels for each elephant. A recommended minimum height of walls, cables and horizontal railings for adult elephants is 8 ft (2.4 m).Recommended materials for barriers include solid concrete, rock walls or horizontal steel rails, pipe or cable. Minimum recommended stall space (i.e. temporary holding, overnight, etc) is not less than 600 sq ft (56 sq m) for males or females with calves, and not less than 400 sq ft (37 sq m) for females. Minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space Standard: There are no standards for minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space at this time. Facility must have sufficient structures for all elephants to participate in all ranges of natural behaviors. Elephants are a social species and herds often perform activities together, such as feeding, drinking, walking, resting, and wallowing. It is recommended that pools be constructed with rounded edges, and without corners. Artificial pools should have either multiple or lengthy gently sloping exit and entrance areas, with non-slip surfaces, and at an angle no greater than 30Â° Recommended minimum size for outdoor habitats is not less than 5400 sq ft (500 sq m) per elephant using the habitat. A varied terrain provides more complexity in the environment as well as exercise opportunities, such as walking, turning, reaching, stretching, climbing, bending, digging, pushing, pulling, and lifting. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. Breeding facilities must have a birth protocol in place, which provides for care of the mother during pregnancy and parturition and safety of the calf immediately after birth. Measurement: Birth protocol is reviewed. Explanation: In order to avoid incidents of calf injury or unsuccessful births due to lack of a plan or lack or preparedness, a detailed birth protocol must be written for all pregnant elephants. For first time mothers, this protocol must include the ability to restrain the mother AZA Standards for Elephant Management and Care, March 2011 Page 25 and retrieve the calf at parturition if necessary. The protocol must include methods of care of the mother in case of birth complications requiring veterinary intervention. There are several excellent birth protocols available from successful breeding institutions. The Elephant Husbandry Resource Guide is also a valuable reference for developing the institutional birth protocol. First time mothers in particular may require significant management. Initial protection of the calf and control of the mother are critical to a successful birth. Introduction of the new calves and mothers to the herd must be accomplished both cautiously and expeditiously. Reintroduction of the calves and mothers to the natal group or herd should be accomplished as quickly as possible. Every institution should institute a program to educate zoo visitors about elephant and elephant conservation issues (EMA 1999, Hutchins and Smith, 2000). Measurement: Records of elephant education program should be reviewed. Explanation: Assistance is available from the Elephant TAG/SSP Education Advisor. Every institution should have up-to-date educational graphics and/or information about elephants on display to the public. Institutions must have the ability to manage introductions and separations of elephants, including; a new female to an existing herd, females to males for breeding, calves to their mothers, and calves and mothers to the herd. An institutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s foot care protocol should include daily cleaning and inspection of all elephantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; feet. Every institution must have a browse program/protocol as a part of their elephant management program. If males are housed, separate facilities for isolation must be available, and a program of social contact in place Isolation facilities for birth and postpartum management must be available Outdoor habitat surfaces must consist primarily of natural substrates (e.g., soil, sand, grass) that provide good drainage. Enclosures must be made up of a combination of hard substrates and soft substrates. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors, such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. The use of both wet and dry wallows is encouraged to assist with skin care and protection against the sun and biting insects. Elephants can lie on mounds of earth. Providing a combination of hard substrates to promote normal wear of footpads and soft substrates, such as earth and sand, to promote dust bathing is preferred.

0.3 Asian Elephant Regulation

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

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Asian Elephant Space regulation and Breeding Requirement

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Section 1 Building form, systems, planning and context 1.1.1 Project Context 1.1.2 Site Environmental condition 1.1.3 Site strategy 1.1.4 Site boundary defination 1.1.5 Program defination 1.1.6 Elephant territory Design 1.1.7 Human affairs bureaus arrangement 1.1.8 Plan and Section 1.2 General Constrution Strategy 1.3 Gerneral Structural Strategy 1.4 M+E and sanitation systems 1.5 Acoustic qualities 1.6 Means of escape 1.7 Circulation and Access 1.8 Health and Safety in construction

SECTION 1

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

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Diversity of Animals

Diversity of Plants

Tropical Monsoon Climate ---Thailand --High temperature --High humidity --easonality Precipitation --Rain Forest --Around-uatorial --High solar radiation --Timber Structure

Green Area distribution in Thailand

Diversity Plants spices in Agriculture and Forest area

Diversity Animal spices in Forest area

SITE (Bangkok)

Land Use Percentage

25% Urban

38% Forest

37% Agriculture

1.1.1 Project Context

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 7

Thailand Wildlife Tours offer you the opportunity to discover the hidden depths of Thailand, where of the more than 282 species of mammals, 92 are bats and 90% of all the animals in Thailand are insects. Thailand, where 30 species of sea snakes, four species of sea turtles and over 1,900 species of fish call the seas here their home. Then there are the 1,200 species of butterflies, 200 species of hawk moths, 405 species of reptiles and amphibians, 204 species of birds in Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mangrove forests alone and more than 925 species of birds recorded in the country and so very much more. Thailand is more than a tropical paradise, it is home to a thriving range of wildlife just waiting to be discovered.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Bangkok

SITE

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Bangkok Urbanization Process N

1974-1984

SITE

1994

km 0

1850

1888

1900

1953

1994

Non-Urban

2004

50 YEARS

Farm Space is not enough, Food becomes a big

50 YEARS

The population density will be double, according to

T h r e e 50 YEARS times

During 50 years, the population increasing 3 times of 1950s

50 YEARS

1.1.1 Project Context

Large farm area, and greengrass area

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 8

Where has the urban growth of Bangkok took place in the past decade and Which areas are going to experience the most dramatic urban growth within the next 5-20 years? Based on the property market and the existing public facilities the (internal) urban growth of Bangkok is analyzed and localized. On this basis, depending on the official zoning plan and the flood risk areas, and especially considering the future expansion of the public transport network a hypothesis for the future growth and densification of Bangkok is extremely high. Although the statistics have shown very clearly how Bangkok has grown in size and importance in the past several decades, the growth in the past few years has been even more striking. The urbanized area of Bangkok in 1974 was already more than twice the size of urbanized Bangkok in the early 1960s

Daily maximum

Daily minimum

Average Maximum temperature 2050s

Average Minimum temperature 2050s Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Bangkok

Average Temperatures in Thailand 2050

Chiangmai

24 31

Khon Kean

SITE (Bangkok)

Ko Samui

SITE (Bangkok)

35-37 °C

24-26 °C

The Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) reports on current climate conductions and forecasts.

Phuket

Source: http: Climatechange.jgsee.org

Direct Solar Radiation[w/m2] Range:0-1000 W/M2 Measure Time: 8:00-17:OO

Min: July/Auguest Max: 12:00- 14:00 December/January/February

Vietnam, Thailand

4-6°C

South-east Asia

Temperature rises by 2050

Average Cloud Cover[%]

1.1.2 Site Environmental condition

Citizen of Thailand are avoid for the direct daylight all the time. The shelter spaces are necessary Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

This information relies on satellite-based data and remote sensing and the Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre of the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA).

p. 9

The “Future Climate Projection for Thailand and Mainland Southeast Asia Using PRECIS Climate Models”, indicates thefollowing developments until 2049: · The average temperature for Thailand will increase steadily over time · The number of days with high heat (over 35 C°) will increase steadily in each region · The number of days with cool weather (under 15 C°) will decrease In conclusion, rainfall in Thailand will become heavier which increases risk of flash flooding. At the same time, the duration of the summer season will lengthen with higher mean temperatures. This could increase incidence and duration of drought in all regions of the country. The direction and velocity of winds in the South region, which has geographic features of a peninsula, will certainly cause distinctive climate changes.

August average temperatures in Thailand 2013

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Humidiy and Wnid rose in Thailand in 2050s

Air Humidity Year Average

Annual rainfall in percentage in Thailand 2050 %

Bangkok has a monsoon type of climate, which can be classified into three main seasons:

SITE (Bangkok)

rainy (May-October), cool (November- January) and hot (February-April).

Wind Temperature Year Average

>5-15

temp.

Wind Frequency (Hrs) Monthly Average

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Even the wind temperature is very high during the year. In most of months during a year, the wind direction is facing to southwest. Nearly all the wind direction is southwest and northeast.

1.1.2 Site Environmental condition

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

路 The average annual rainfall will increase, but the number of days with rainfall will decrease, indicating that the rainfall will be heavier per episode 路 The monsoon winds will become stronger and will increase in storm strength and frequency

p. 10

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

km 0

2. 5.

1.1.3 Site Strategy

The Large Area Map shows the site location, which is in bangkok city center.

2. 3.

The West Part of the site, it is a open, wide and abandonded area. Having a great value to use.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

4. 5. 6. The South Part of the site, it shows the busy transportation system around the site. The site sits in the Bangkok city, in the Embassy Area. It is an abandonded open area opposite to the popular Lumpini Park. On the southpark, the site is surrounded by high buildings and highway, while in the north park is more about low rise residential houses. Using the abandonde area to rebuild a natural linking space, increasing the green land area in the city, bring the benefits to whole bangkok city.

p. 11

SITE (Bangkok)

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Site Transports access N

Main Business and Office Area in City Center

The Airport Linking and BTS line provided a convenient and fast way to

Main Access direction to the site from four big stations.

The Old town block, nearby the business city center, there are lots of tourism in yellow area

The site sits in the most central area in Bangkok city.

Site

BTS Sukhumvit Line

MRT Line

BTS Silom Line

Airport linking`

1000

1000 0

3000 2000

5000

4000

1.1.3 Site Strategy

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

Compared with Old district, the New district ( City business center) is developing with more transports ways (BTS, MTS,Highways....) The population density is growing in an incredible way. As the puporsal of the project is to recreate a symbiotic space between human and natural, the busy urban context is a good option. (stronge contradiction) The Map shows the general transportation situation around the site. It is very convenient to access to the site area, and at the same time not that crowded and noisy.

p. 12

Site

High School

Embassy

University

Green Land

1000

1000 0

3000 2000

5000

4000

1.1.3 Site Strategy

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

The site sits in the Embassy area, which is next to the Japanese and American Embassy. The area suitable for the Elephant Embassy concept and better for community. 1.

Due to one of the important puporsals of the project is education, the mapping shows the high schools range in bangkok city.

The density of high schools in new center is higher than other place. It is better to choose the site near school area in order to provide more opportunities for children. The green area during the city is getting less and less. Only few parks left for people to have relaxing time. Using the abandoned space to create another green natural land in Bangkok city center increasing the green area, bring the benifit to the city

The University Campus area . The Universities have great Communicity skillls and have lots of students who interested in biology and environment.

The site near the university area could have more opportunities for both students and project development. It shows the Institute range in Bangkok Since the project is aiming to keep the species continously by Special Healthy Caring and genetic techonology research, the professional facilities and elites are quite important. The researchers inside the Noah's Ark can community with surrounding institutes in time.

p. 13

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Site surrounding function Distribution

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Closer detail of Site Transports access

Site Main Access way. Although it is messy now, it is quite wide and has good accessibility, around 10

The MRT station nearby.

0 200

400 200

800 600

Site

1000

Old Town Boundary

High way

Secondary Access Road For walking

C i t y

Main Access Road For cars

MRT Station

C e n t e r

The highway and the main road underneath

Closer Detail of Site surrounding function Distribution N

The Japanese Embassy is next to the site

The Lumpini Park view, which is the big popular green area opposite to the site

0 200

400 200

800 600

m 1000

Site

Old Town Boundary

Embassy Area

Residential House

U n i v e r s i t y

C i t y

J a p a n e s e Embassy

Office

Park

C e n t e r

The residential houses around the site, the houses are low-rise

1.1.3 Site Strategy 1.

The diagram shows the different access ways from outside to site. The orgran line is the main car road which mainly for car driver. The yellow line is mainly for walking people There is a MRT station nearby, it is convenient for people especially international visitors.

The diagram shows the Multiple function characters around the site. The blue area is the embassy area, the site sits in the area and next to the japanese embassy. The site has good communication situation, which can interact with different kind of people.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 14

The dot line shows the possible view range in different position

High-rise building

1. Showing how the site buildings affected the design proposal

100m

100 340

X 100

29.4m

Xm 100m

340m

For the south view, which is facing to the high-rise building. If there is the bamboo wall to stop the view of skyscrapers, the bamboo wall (X) should more than 29.4 meters.

2. Showing how the design project affected the existing buildings. The Purple area shows the view which is seen by surrounding buildings. Instead of the original abandonde grass area, the elephant embassy could provided a much better natural view for the surrounding buildings, especially the Japanese Embassy.

3. Showing how to intergrate the existing building and way into design

Although the road is full of rubbish now, it is quite wide, around 10 meters. The road is linked with Japanese Embassy as well, it is a good option for entrance.

1.1.3 Site Strategy These three diagrams show the architectural proposal on the site. 1. Showing how the site buildings affected the design proposal 2. Showing how the design project affected the existing buildings. 3. Showing how to intergrate the existing building and way into design propose.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 15

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The Blue area is low rise building. The elephants perfer a open wide view, the embassy is not a zoo. The outdoor area should be put in the yellow area, in order to have a great view for elephant outdoor activities, there is

Low-rise building

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Low-rise Building H<40m Distance=50m

D=50m

D=50m D=50m

D=50m

Central Sleeping Area

D=20m

D=50m

D=100m

D=20m High-rise Building H>40m Distance=100m D=100m

D=50m

D=200m

0 10

20 10

40 30

m 50

High-rise Building H>40m

Low-rise Building H<40m

1.1.4 Site Boundary definition

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

In order to avoid the noise and the blocks which stop the view, to constrain the site boundary in certain distance. Secondary Pathway---20 m Low-rise Building and Entry pathway--50m High-rise Building and Metro station-- 100m High-rise Building block and busy crossing--200m The central Area is the Sleeping area, which should be the most quiet area in the middle of the site, also the start and the end point of the day.

p. 16

Elephant Daily Timetable

7:00 AM Bangkok, Thailand,2050

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM

7am

10am

11am

500m 1000m

3000m

ACTIVITY PEAK HOUR 12pm 1000m

3pm

2pm

1pm

1000m 3000m

5pm

7pm

9pm

1000m 2000m

3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM

1.1.5 Programme difinition

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

The timetable indicated the daily habitat from 7:00am to 9:00pm in real jungle context The diet and the social time is according to elephants' real wild life. The timetable shows the most suitable habitat for elephant, creating the city jungle according to this timetable is good for the breeding. m 0

250

500

Eating Time

Dung Time

Bathing Time

SleepingTime

p. 17

Timeline

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Elephant and human interactive periodDaily Timetable Timeline

The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes)

7:00 AM

The Activity peak hour is the inteseting period for human to invlove --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants eating, shower, walking.) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to learn how to judge the elephant healthy situation through their daily activity) --Researchers (Come to record the elephant activity data, in order to analysis the healthy statement and habitats) --Trainner (Come to train the elephants in oreder to better breeding and health)

8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM

The Shower time --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants Bathing and playing) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant bathing habitat, to learn what they need

12:00 PM

and process and time for their bathing)

The Playing and resting period --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants playing in soical herd) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to learn how they playing together in herd, to know their social community) --Researchers (Come to record the elephant activity data, in order to analysis the healthy statement and habitats)

1:00 PM 2:00 PM

The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes)

ACTIVITY PEAK HOUR

The Activity peak hour is the inteseting period for human to invlove --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants swiming, eating, shower, walking.) --Students ( Come to learn the elephant activity habitat, to know how they can swim, to learn how to judge the elephant healthy situation

3:00 PM 4:00 PM

through their daily activity)

5:00 PM

The Dinner and resting period --Visitors ( Come to see how elephants swiming, eating, shower, walking.)

6:00 PM 7:00 PM

The Social Family Time --Researchers (Come to record the elephant breeding activity data, to check the breeding situation, in order to

8:00 PM

analysis the healthy statement and habitats)

9:00 PM

The Resting period (NO VISITORS) --Cleanners (Come to check the elephant situation and clean the dung and food wastes) 1.1.5 Programme difinition

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

The timetable indicated the period involved with human activities according to the elephant daily timetable Different kind of visitors interested in different time period. The program is decided according to the interactive time period with huaman and elephant. m 0

250

500

visitors

Trainners

Students

Researchers

p. 18

Program Descrition

Breeding Workshop Space. --80m2

Interactive Sound Communication space. --35m2

Public open, visitors can learn how to listen to the elephants talking by analysis the infrasound data. (Infrasound wave machine to test the sound of elephant)

Public interactive open space --125m2

Nutrition Workshop Space. --160m2

-- Bamboo Plants workshop, (make the food with bamboo for elephants) --Salt soil worksho. ( Mixed with soil and salt to make special food for elephants) --Artificial plants (Combined with high-tech elements, combined with the special nutrition witch elephants needed) Education and communication, for children to learn elephant diet better

Interactive Food supply space. --50m

Students can learn how to feed elephants by giving the food which they made in workshop

Public interactive open space --125m2

For resting and obversation

The face to face plateform --20m2

Food producing process Exhibition and Education Space--100m2

Learn closely about elephants (Can check the elephant health situation in a close space)

(The space introduces to visitors the artifical food prodution process and the nutrition knowledge. It also the space teaching children how to make the food by themselves)

Technical Exhibition and Education Space--80m2

(The space introduces to visitors the breeding process and the healthy gene knowledge. It also the space teaching children the lab testing process for workshop downstaris)

Nurition lab office--120m2

(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)

Human Eating space--90m2

Breeding lab office--120m2

(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)

Visitors could have lunch at the same time with elephants, they can eating and watching them.

Plants testing pods--60m2

Bamboo workshop--180m2

Children can learn abouth natural material and using bamboo to make toys for elephants

1.1.5 Programme difinition

The area collecting the pods which hanging under

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

250

500

p. 19

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Education and communication, for children to learn how to know elephant breeding and growing process better (Comparatively parivate, registeration needed Including elephant care, healthy test, healthy data analysis)

Diet Purposal Space (Consulate Bureaus)

Breeding Purposal Space (Conference Center)

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The Interactive activities between Human and Elephants

PLAYING

FEEDING

1.1.5 Programme difinition The timetable indicated the period involved with human activities according to the elephant daily timetable Different kind of visitors interested in different time period. The program is decided according to the interactive time period with huaman and elephant.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 20

5:00 PM

6:00 PM

4:00 PM

2:00 PM 5:00 PM

9:00 AM

9:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 AM

1:00 PM 7:00 PM

2:00 PM

7:00 AM 11:00 AM

9:00 PM

8:00 AM

10:00 AM

9:00 AM

11:00 AM

7:00 AM

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

10:00 AM

4:00 PM

1:00 PM

7:00 PM

12:00 PM 8:00 PM

During 8:00AM- 10:00AM, elephant needs to have more walk,

Initial Elephant daily pathway.

Developing Elephant daily pathway.

Start from the Central Area, Design the elephant daily circulation along the site boundary. From morning 7:00AM to 9:00PM, according to the wildlife timetable

Based on the distances that elephants walk in different house design in timetable and the initial pathway, developing the pathway curvy according to the distances they need. From 7:00 am to 10am. They need a lot of explortion way, so that the path is designed in more curve way.

10m

Landscape and terrian

Parameter systems developing

Final Territory design

The grid is 10m x 10 m as the basic parameter system. 10 m is the save distance that for elephant not disturb each other. The dot line is also the 10 meters from the site boundary, It is the limited distance from the site boundary, for security and acoustic issue.

The territory based on the different parameters system. The size of the grid, the size of the circle all represent different time or function in the area. The landscape using the artificial mathemetic way to design the jungle system.

1.1.6 Elephant Territory Design

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 21

These diagrams show the design process of the element territory. Inspired by the original jungle enviroment, and try to give elephant a best and health breeding environment in the city context. Every land pixel is designed according to elephants requirments and their really wild life habitat. Instead of design the city jungle in a natural free landscape, using the artifical method to constrain the different elements. The space is in city future context and interactive with human activities at the same time. so that the artifical parameter system is more reasonable of the jungle design.

3:00 PM

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

1:1500 1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

45-60 mins 30-45mins 10-30 mins

Water (Bathing and drinking)

Food Supply

Shower Area

Sleeping Area

H u m a n Interactive area

Dung area

5-10 mins Activity Area (Playing with tyres and tree trunk)

The size represents the time period of the staying of elephants in different area.

The Functional Space, the size is according to the staying period.

1.1.6 Elephant Territory Design--Plan

Grass >0.5m

Tropical tree 8m-15m

Hill terrance 0-3.5m

Salt soil Area 0.5m-1m

Shrub 0.5m-2m

Bamboo 5-15m

Sand ground (-)0.5-1.2m

Density level of the different trees

Fruit Trees 2m-8m

Forest tree 15-25m

Mud pond (-)1m

The Diet pixels designed for elephant food and daily habitat.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 22

The City Jungle using the parameteric methodology to design. Including all the features through elephant daily life. Involved with human activities at the same time, e.g. the food supply. ( The place which provides extra food for elephants, the food is done by children, visitors and also the professional nutrition staff. The jungle is good for elephant breeding purpose, the food, the terrance, the trainning all involved with human and natural elements at the same time.

N Bangkok, Thailand,2050

A D

The four cutting section is decided according to the elephant trail. These sections show the elephant vision experience during the day. The beginning and the end of these sections are the site boundary, with high density of forest trees, so that the height is very high.

The height changing curve

Key plan

Section A-A

Section B-B

Section C-C

Section D-D 1:1500 1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

1.1.6 Elephant Territory Design--Section

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

Section A-A The landcape changes a lot , diversity of landscape provided the interesting exlporation experience and multiple food choice for elephant in the morning time. Section B-B More open and plan landscape, with a hill in the journey. This is the training period during the day, around 12 p.m. Section C-C With a lot of food supply area in this section. This is the lunchtime and the afternoon resting time. With diversity functional space as well, such as sand area. Section D-D The average of the height of this area is much higher, the section near the site boundary. the high plants provide the good protection of elephants.

p. 23

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Sketch plan developing process

3:00 PM

4:00 PM 10:00 AM 2:00 PM

5:00 PM

9:00 AM 11:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM

6:00 PM

7:00 PM

9:00 PM

12:00 PM

1:00 PM

8:00 PM

Entrance

Design the space using mathematic way

Final arrangement within elephant territory

figure 1

figure 2

10:00 AM

Entrance

9:30 AM

Entrance

8:00 AM

7:00 AM

8:00 AM

First unit location

Second unit location Each distance is 20 meters

7:00AM-8:00AM view range

9:30AM-10:00AM view range

Design method detail of the location of bureaus figure 3 1.1.7 Interactive Healthy Station Arrangement

figure 4

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

figure 1 and 2 All the stations are all above ground connected by walking passway, the location according to the elephant timetable as well. ( See the caculation detail below) Star from the 7:00Am, each units sits on the hourly points. The human passway is synchro with elephant. Standing in different pavilion on specific hour, human see the different elephant activities. figure 3 and 4 The example of how to caculate the station location according to the elephant timetable, in order to see elephants activities more efficiently. The two diagrams show the location from 7am to 10 am.

p. 24

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Breeding Workshop Space. --80m2

1:1500 1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

Consulate Bureaus

Interactive Sound Communication space. --35m2

Public open, visitors can learn how to listen to the elephants talking by analysis the infrasound data. (Infrasound wave machine to test the sound of elephant)

Public interactive open space --125m2 For resting and obversation

The face to face plateform --20m2 Conference Center

Learn closely about elephants (Can check the elephant health situation in a close space)

Technical Exhibition and Education Space--80m2 Resting unit

(The space introduces to visitors the breeding process and the healthy gene knowledge. It also the space teaching children the lab testing process for workshop downstaris)

Breeding lab office--120m2

(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)

Entrying unit

Bamboo workshop--180m2

Children can learn abouth natural material and using bamboo to make toys for elephants

1.1.7 Interactive Healthy Station Arrangement The different bureaus with diversity program arrangement in specific points. The One of Conference Center is chosen for further development.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 25

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

57° 1.Breeding Workshop Space.

(Comparatively parivate, registeration needed Including elephant care, healthy test, healthy data analysis)

50°

2. Private Toliet ( Disable access) 3. Stair Circulation Access

43°

4. Interactive Sound Communication space. a

(Infrasound wave machine to test the sound of elephant)

5.Public interactive open space to look down (With bamboo section floor)

7. Drinking Water Point

m 0

(traditional bamboo pump)

36°

6.Disable access lift

8.Public resting space 29°

9. The face to face plateform (Can check the elephant health situation in a close space)

10. Public Obversation space

(Obverse elephant through bamboo facade, watch the elephant bathing)

1 J 22°

15°

4 H

9°

2° 0°

±0 6

-5° 7

-12° E 9

-18° 10

-25°

-32°

1:100

-39°

m 5

A 1 2 3 1.1.8 Interactive Healthy Station Plan Level One

1 2

4 6

This is one typology section of the whole stations Interactive Healthy Station-- communication, education and negotiation space. The space including public and private space, the office and interactive function.The underneath pathway is for elephant shower.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

9 p. 26

57° 50° 1.Entry Space

(connected with outside pathway)

43° b

(The space introduces to visitors the breeding process and the healthy gene knowledge. It also the space teaching children the lab testing process for workshop downstaris)

3. Stair Circulation Access

(Going up to bamboo workshop Going down to breeding workshop)

36°

m 0

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

2. Technical Exhibition and Education Space

4. Breeding lab office

(The private space, testing the gene and other breeding technical things for elephants health)

5.Security Testing machine working area. 29°

2 J

Children sitting

22°

15°

9°

4 G

2° 0°

±0

-5°

-12° E

-18° D

-25°

-32°

1:100

-39° A

1 2 3 1.1.8Interactive Healthy Station Plan Level Two

1 0

5 4 6

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

9 p. 27

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

1. Flexible bending roof

( Adjust the angle and sunlight filter according to the

user requirments and sun angle)

2. The bamboo workshop (Making the bamboo toys for elephants) 3. The soft bamboo pieces to conceal human and building. 4. water collected ( through the bamboo pipe) 5. Private Breeding lab (staff only)

10. Plants pod for testing food (green shelter for elephants) 11. Elephant shower pump 12. External Staircase (Access to elephant territory) 13. The face to face healthy obversation space. 14. The food supply structure (Opened as shelter as well)

6. Stair Circulation

9. Elephant pathway

7.Water drinking points in public interactive space. 8. The bamboo section floor

(Can be used for elephant shower and for

people obversation. good ventilation) m 0

12 6 7

8 9

1:100 0

1.1.8 Interactive Healthy Station Section A-A This is one typology section of the whole stations Interactive Healthy Station-- communication, education and negotiation space. The space including public and private space, the office and interactive function.The underneath pathway is for elephant shower.

1 2

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 28

1.Bamboo workshop space ( withe the baboo section pattern wall, good for ventilation and obversation) Bangkok, Thailand,2050

2. Technical exhibition and education space 3. The private breeding lab (staff only) 4. Breeding workshop ( Registered only, For the healthy testing analysis and discuss area) 5. The obversation point at Public Interactive space 6. The resting area at Public Interactive space 7.The bamboo section floor (Can be used for elephant shower and for people obversation. good ventilation) 8. Elephant pathway B

9. Plants pod for testing food (green shelter for elephants)

m 0

2 3

4 5 6

1:100 0

1.1.8 Interactive Healthy Station Section B-B This is one typology section of the whole stations Interactive Healthy Station-- communication, education and negotiation space. The space including public and private space, the office and interactive function.The underneath pathway is for elephant shower.

1 2

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 29

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

a b

Bamboo connection node detail There are several connection ways in my structure a) cross each other b) above each other and tight together c) paralle vertical bamboo with horizontal one in the middle

4 1 1

Bamboo with steel plate as root connection.

The inspiration structure idea From one point at the bottom and as it goes up, the structure spreads out.

Th e co n n e cti o n w i th concrete foot.

The bamboo connected together as the wall, it has good ventilation and view points

The bamboo can be very strong when they tight together

The bamboo pattern

StructurePrinciple diagram

Bamboo connected together can avoid the bending problem 4 Bamboo pattern 4

5 Green plants pods in different situation 5

The tyres as the toys of elephant can also be used as the food supply containers 1.2 General construction strategy The Material used according to the construction strategy The main material is bamboo, connected with metal and reinforced concrete at the bottom part. As the structure is in cure way, at the certain weak points, the steel frame is used to strength.

Flexible open hanging structure, provide shelter for elephant aslo.

Structure fabric pattern

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 30

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The final compelx structure In both vertical and horizontal connection.

The single vertical structure piece

Adding the vertical elements to develop the height The structure underneath can be used as floor

Adding the crossing structure force the horizontal way developing in three diamention.

The structrue top view The initial arch bamboo structure. Very weak

1.3 General structural strategy The structure developing with more elements and direction, in order to make the structure strong and complex. The structure itself can be used as the floor and wall, so that the whole structure can used as the space function. The structure using bamboo but in a innovation way, combined natrual material with artificial structure design parameters.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 31

The Main Conferece Center structure

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The Walking path structure developing

Testing in different structure system in the long span passway above ground. Trying to combined them together and innovated in the next step.

Top view of the passway

Air Plane Layout BENDING SWEAR

weak point weak point

weak point

More supporting in the middle More supporting on the side 1.3 General structural strategy The general structure of Walking path The basic structure principle and severl structural tests. Aslo some reference images of structure

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 32

1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

1:1500

The shelter needs to be provided in certain area and direction, to avoid strong and negative sunlight, especially in summer

Afternoon Sunlight ( low angle ,middle strong) Mid-day Sunlight ( High angle, strong) Morning Sunligh (Low angle, mild) Tr e e s a n d P l a n t s could provide great shelter for elephants

Midnoon to afternoon affect area Mid- day affect area, needs shelter Morning to noon affact area

The structure provides a good ventilation situation for the whole territory.

Winter Prevailing wind Summer Prevailing wind Prevailing wind with high humidity

1.4 M+E and sanitation systems

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

The whole landscape designed according to the solar orientation and prevailing, the height of the tree provide shelter space in different time perid. Each human unit is orientated to take advantage of the prevailing wind and minimise the solar radiation. The high structures are staggered to allow the prevailing wind to flow into every space. The soutth and west facing is designed with double sunlight bamboo filter.

p. 33

The shelter needs to be provided in certain area and direction, to avoid strong and negative sunlight, especially in summer time.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

In the middle of the day, the sun is in the high position and hot The roof provide double sunlight filter to reduce the heat.

In the late of the day. the sun is in the low position The roof could be open to prevent the vertical sunlight

Hot wind goes out from top

The Double facade prevent over daylight, and still keep the room bright

Although the green plants could prevent the sunlight The area is still hotter than others

Underneath wind go through the bamboo floor bring the cool air into the building. The green plants could absorb the most of sunlight

1:100 0

1 2

Sunlight

Cool Natural Prevailing wind Warm Natural Prevailing wind

1.4 M+E and sanitation systems The whole elephant territory and Interactive Healthy station are desiged fully considered about environmental system. From the sustainable point, intergrated with natrual cooling system by prevailling wind in order to save energy. The rainwater is collected for multiple use for both human and elephants. The dung of elephants can be collected as fuel, provided the gas energy.

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 34

m 6

Mid-day Sunlight ( High angle, strong) Morning Sunligh (Low angle, mild)

Mid- day affect area, needs shelter Morning to noon affact area

Natural Prevailing wind Rain water drainage system Sunlight filter louvers

Due to the sunlight angle, the facade of the building is designed in different bamboo filters. At the mid-day, the stronge solar energy needs to have several sunlight protections. Although there is louvers to stop the sunlight, the space near west part in the building is still get hotter than any other palce.

The Natrual Prevailling wind goes through the building in south- north direction, especially in summer time, in addation, the underneath cold wind goes up into the building through the bamboo floor. The building gets enough ventilation, in order to save the air conditioner energy.

The hot air can be bring out of the building by the cold wind flow, in order to get the whole space cooler.

1.4 M+E and sanitation systems The whole elephant Interactive Healthy station are desiged fully considered about environmental system. From the sustainable point, intergrated with natrual cooling system by prevailling wind in order to save energy. The rainwater is collected for multiple use for both human and elephants. The dung of elephants can be collected as fuel, provided the gas energy.

Si n g l e d e n se b a m b o o fa ca d e i s enough for the morning sunlight.

The rain water collection drainage along the bamboo structure wall, using bamboo as the collected system. The water will be collected for the toliet and plants experiment field, then through cooler system , it can be

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 35

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Afternoon Sunlight ( low angle ,middle strong)

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Water Circulation System diagram

Rain water

Used for toliet Drinking water using bamboo pump

Used to provide water for plants pods

Cold water for elephant shower

Supply the water tank in elephant territory

Water purification processing

Collection container Chemistry cooling

Service Circulation System Diagram

Gas

Human excrement Elephant Dung

Plants' food High pressure to burn as fuel

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 36

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Central Sleeping Area

D=20m

D=100m

D=20m

High-rise Building H>40m Distance=100m

High Forest trees area

The bamboo pieces provide not only the vision shelter but also the sound filter of human.

Noise to

Quiet

Plants, and trees are the crucial parts of acousitic system. They can absorb most of noisy to keep the elephants in a comfort living context. The site boundary is made by high density of tall tress, and the boudary is constrain by the distance away from the noisy elements, such as buildings, stations, roads. The central part is the most quiet part, which has multiple sound filters of plants, designed as the elephant sleeping area.

1.5 Acoustic qualities

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

In order to avoid the noise and the blocks which stop the view, to constrain the site boundary avoid the noise in certain distance. Secondary Pathway---20 m Low-rise Building and Entry pathway--50m High-rise Building and Metro station-- 100m High-rise Building block and busy crossing--200m The central Area is the Sleeping area, which should be the most quiet area in the middle of the site, also the start and the end point of the day.

p. 37

Noise reducing

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Emergency Services Access

Beneath the concrete stair with Emergency 'Safe Area'

Plenty Water resource could be used for sprinklers

Fire fighting Emergency Equipment

1:1500 1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

High Pressure Forestry Fire Hose 32HSL-32/100NLC

ABC Multipurpose Dry Chemical Extinguishers Steel Shell

Hand Operated Back Pack Pumps

Elephant Primary Escape Route Elephant Secondary Escape Route Human Primary Escape Route (To outdoor space)

Operable at temperatures from -65F to +120 F, permitting use under adverse conditions

Human Primary Escape Route (To 'Safe area')

Wheelchair Escape Route 'Safe Area' beneath the concrete stair with Emergency Probisions

Fire Axes and Pulaski Axes

Escape Staircase Structure treated with fire resistance painting 1.6 Means of escape

Neoprene/Nylon fabric bag - May be stored we with no water loss caused by evaporation - Military spec web shoulder straps.

Hand toos used for fuel separation During fire fighting they are used to construct a base line for back burning , or to separate burning fuel from unburnt material at the perimeter of a fire. The main tasks: -to cut trees, logs, and shrubs -to chop grass and other low vegetation -to dig out half buried fuel - to remove surface litter so that the ground can be cleared of inflammable fuel The hand tools commonlu used: -axes/-saws/-brush hooks/-shovels/-rakes/-rake-hoes Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 38

The Forest Firefighting Equipments should be in different standard. Fire fighting tools in Forest- general (High temperature and pressure level, Hand tools)

(1) If the number of persons who normally work at a worksite is 3 or less, the person carrying out the industrial activity must ensure that the following fire fighting tools are kept at the worksite: (a) one round-nosed shovel;(b) one pulaski tool or mattock;(c) one hand-tank pump containing at least 18 litres of water. (2) If the number of persons normally working at a worksite is more than 3, the person carrying out the industrial activity must ensure that the following fire fighting tools are kept at the worksite: (a) one round-nosed shovel, pulaski tool or mattock for each person;(b) one hand-tank pump containing at least 18 litres of water for every 3 persons, to a maximum of 8 hand-tank pumps.(3) For the purpose of subsection (2), the number of round-nosed shovels must, as nearly as possible, equal the combined number of pulaski tools and mattocks.

The safe area is situated within the concrete part of the building area of the building, and is accessible from a choice of 2 staircases or a wheelchair accessible ramp. In compliance with section B1 of the of the building regulations the safe area has a satisfactory standard of fire protection and fire door

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Indoor Fire Sign is necessary. They need to be seen in an obviously position

The minimum periods of fire resistance minutes is 6 0 m i n s ( sprinklered)

Horizontal Fire Escape way

Elephant Primary Escape Route Human Primary Escape Route (To outdoor space)

Human Primary Escape Route (To 'Safe area')

Wheelchair Escape Route

Structure treated with fire resistance painting

The way to 'safe area'

Elephant shower bamboo can also been used as sprinklers.

Vertical Fire Escape Way

1.6 Means of escape

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 39

The building is compliant with section B of the building regulations. B1 Means of Warning and Escape The building should be designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisions for the early warning of fire, and appropriate means of escape in case of fire to a piece of land capable of being used safely and effectively at all times. The Indoor Staircase, doors and Entrance are fully compliant with section M of the building regulations. Given the extra time it may take the emergency services to arrive by boat a product such as ‘Envirograf® product 42’, will be used which provides 60 minutes fire protection and satisfies SBI: B/s1/d0 of the European fire classification of materials, construction products and building elements and part B of the building regulations. Fire fighting shafts are needed according to B 17.3, the building is higher than 7.5m above the fire and resue service vehicle access level, so that the firefighting shafts are needed. The building is fitted with sprinklers, the the distance from a fire main outlet in a firefighting shaft should no more than 60m.

The way to 'safe area'

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Elephant Central Resting Area

1:1500 1.5 0

4.5 3

7.5 6

Elephant route Staff route

Visitors route

Elephant Waiting area

Disable access lift

Main Human Entrance

Staircase Circulation

Elephant Entrance Human primary Entrance Human secondary Entrance

Disable access area

1.7 Circulation and Access

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 40

The building is fully compliant with section M of the building regulations. According to M1 Reasonable provision shall be made for people to: a) gain access to; and b) use the building and its facilities.

Disable access is fully considered in whole system. The whole land has five access entrance for diversity users. (Elephants, visitors, staffs) The elephant assess entrance connected with a wide open field which used for elephants waiting. While the successful breeding process is done, the elephants would visitor different city zoos as ambassadors, the space is for them to drop off. Staffs has separetely assess way from visitors in order to get privacy and convenience.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Elephant circulation Disable circulation Staff circulation

Visitors circulation

Pathway access

External access

The bottom part of the staircase is designed be hanged when not in used, in order to avoid elephants destroy it. It can be put down when people need to use. Horizontal Circulation Disable access toliet

Disable lift

External Staircases

Circulation Staircase

Semi-private space

Public space(disable access)

External face to face platform

private office Elephant activity space

Vision Access

Vertical Circulation

1.7 Circulation and Access Horizontal and Vertical Circulation The Indoor Staircase, doors and Entrance are fully compliant with section M of the building regulations. The Pathway is fully compliant with section M of the building regulations. M. 3.11 Corridors and passageways are wide enough--3.5m to allow people and disable whaeelchair users passing. M. 3. Lift 1500mm* 1500 landing at least 500mm from any return wall wheelchair lift, a larger lift size 2000mm wide by 1400mm deep

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 41

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Construction Safety

Hand gloves are necessary for the whole bamboo construction process. Measures will be taken to reduce potential risks on site during construction. Where possible parts of the bamboo structure such as the higher bamboo section floor, and curved continuely vertical bamboo columns will be manufactured off site. The above ground pathway constructed in special protection for higher level. The contractor has a responsibility to ensure that the appropriate safety equipment is worn by workers on site. A site office with first aid supplies will be set up for use during the construction process and all entries, exits and safe routes across the site will be clearly signposted. Temporary sanitary facilities will also be provided nearby for workers. During the construction of the roof workers will be secured by harness such as the system supplied by ‘Mansafe” this will protect them in the even of falling. During the construction of the reinforced concrete foundation safety caps will be used. These are brightly coloured to ensure high visibility on site. These are placed over the exposed, protruding ends of the rebars to blunt them to prevent a falling worker been impaled on the exposed bar.

The root part needs to be maintenance fr e q u e n tl y a n d ca r e fu l l y, a s th e elephants would destroy the bamboo from time to time.

key Bamboo roof Maintenance Platform

Maintenance

A secure maintenance walkway has been incorporated into the design of the roof. In accordance with the construction and design management regulations 2007 temporary means of access such as ladders are acceptable for maintenance if access is needed less than once a month. Therefor access to the maintenance platform will be via pull down ladders on the bamboo workshop level. These ladders will be locked so that they can only be accessed by an authorised, trained person and cannot be climbed on by children who having workshop on that level. Hooks will be provided along the maintenance platform for use with a harness system such as ‘Mansafe’ to protect against falling. Further maintenance platforms have been incorporated into the normal floor level . All other bamboo structure parts and hanging plant walls will be easily accessible from the floor level. The bamboo structure will need to be repainted with fire retardant varnish every 10 years, this will be done contractors with specialist safety equipment such as masks, goggles and harnesses. The concrete root will be finished with a protective coat making it virtually maintenance free.

1.8 Health and Safety in construction

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

p. 42

Construction Design management (CDM) regulations outline the designer’s responsibility for health and safety during the construction process and for any foreseeable building maintenance. The Health and Safety Executive legal guidance states that the designer must: - Eliminate hazards and reduce risks during design - Provide information about remaining risks Where projects are notable under the Regulations, designers must also: - Check that the client is aware of their duties and that a CDM coordinator has been appointed. -Provide information required for the health and safety file. In the case of this project a CDM coordinator will be appointed from an early stage in the project. Consultation from Stage C onwards will ensure that work on site is carried out with good conduct and in compliance with CDM regulations.