Y4-DR Section4 by Xiaoying Lin

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

4.1 Local and Financial Context 4.2 Local Planning Policy 4.3 Elephant Breeding regulation and case study 4.4 Procurement Route 4.5 Key Roles and Relationships 4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety

SECTION 4

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Section 4 Building Delivery

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

BMA responsibilities The diagram shows the important departments and their responsibilities in Thailand City Planning Management

General Management The office of Secretary

In charge of documentation and general clerical duties, providing secretarial assistance, finance, personnel administration and transport.

Personnel Subdivision Finance Subdivision

Secretary Function Technical and Planning Division

In charge of data collection, analysis and research, relevant to city planning preparation and coordination of other agencies' programs in implementing the city plans.

Planning Subdivision Research 1 Subdivision Research 2 Subdivision

Surveying and Mapping Division

The department of City Planning

Urban Development Planning Division

Land Readjustmnet and Urban Renewal Division

Responsible for conducting all surveys required for city planning preparation ; per scale map making, technical mapping aerial photography, map storage, updating and printing services.

According to the Town and Rural Planning Act of 1979, the Urban Development Planning Division pay responsibility on planning and designing for the Bangkok Comprehensive Plan. In Addition, this Division has duty on designing for Specific Plans, District Plans, Land-use Standards, i.e., Open Space , FAR and BCR Regulations and protect the urban environment including the quality of life of the people in Bangkok.

Responsible for land readjustment duties to accommodate urban renovation and development plans, renewal plans for specific areas including slums, ever-changing areas and fire damaged issues.

Secretary Function Surveying Subdivision Mapping Subdivision

Secretary Function Land Use Planning Subdivison Transportation System, Public Utilities and Infrastructures Panning Subdivision

Secretary Function Land Readjustmnet Subdivison Urban Renewal Subdivision

Secretary Function Urban Planning Control Division

4.1 Local and Financial Context

In charge of city planning regulations, planning standards establishment and building permits consideration as well as inspection in Town Planning Act issues.

City Planning Regulation Subdivison City Planning Cotrol Subdivison

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Under the Town Planning Act 1975 (BE 2518) , BMA as a local government authority assumes responsibility for preparing the Comprehensive Plan, therefore the functions of the City Planning Department are to undertake surveys and research on population, transport, infrastructure etc. which are necessary for preparing the comprehensive plan, the specific plans, conservation plans, land readjustment project, etc. 1. Office of Secretary 2. Technical and Planning Division 3. Survey and Mapping Division 4. Urban Development Planning Division 5. City Planning Control Division 6. Land Readjustment And Urban Renewal Planning Division http://www.bma-cpd.go.th/cpd/eng-division-landrejust.html

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, generally proinvestment policies, and strong export industries, Thailand achieved steady growth due largely to industrial and agriculture exports - mostly electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. The maternal mortality and under-five mortality rates have been greatly reduced and more than 97% of the population, both in the urban and rural areas, now have access to clean water and sanitation. At the same time, there are concerns about environmental sustainability. Poverty in Thailand is primarily a rural phenomenon, with 88% of the country's 5.4 million poor living in rural areas. Some regions—particularly the North and Northeast—and some ethnic groups lag greatly behind others, and the benefits of economic success have not been shared equally, especially between Bangkok, Thailand’s largest urban area, and the rest of the country.

About 2.5 billion people in the world depend economically on bamboo (INBAR, 1999), and international trade in bamboo amounts to about US$2.5 million (INBAR, 2005). National and local trade is likely a few times higher. There are other numerous examples of the importance of bamboo for national economies and international trade. However, reliable statistics are still lacking. Most of the economic activities related to bamboo are not recorded officially. They are site-specific, highly diverse and present challenges for official data collection (FAO, 2001a). Non-wood forest products, including bamboo, do not have standard classifications. They are usually classified according to their structure (roots, leaves, bark) or the end use (medicine, food, beverages, utensils, etc.). Bamboo product classification is even more complicated due to the multifunctionality. Bamboo can be attributed to almost all NWFP categories. It can be used for construction, pulp, board, cloth, food, fuel, medicine, utensils and crafts. The growing industrial and environmental importance of bamboo requires development of more comprehensive statistics on bamboo resources, utilization and trade. In 2005 the World Customs Organization (WCO) approved an FAO/INBAR proposal to introduce 16 new Harmonized System codes, including bamboo pulp, panels, furniture and shoots. The new codes will take effect in 2007 and will have a profound long-term effect on bamboo statistics and the facilitation of bamboo trade and development (Annex 5).

Main Funds and organization relative with project The World Bamboo Organization is a diverse group consisting of individual people, commercial businesses, non-profit associations, institutions, and allied trade corporations that all share a common interest = BAMBOO. The purpose of the WBO is to improve and promote this common interest, as well as the conditions affecting, and the industry surrounding, this common interest. We are dedicated to promoting the use of bamboo and bamboo products for the sake of the environment and economy.

ZSL and the Elephant Conservation Network (ECN) have been working together in Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary in western Thailand for many years, with the support of Thailand’s Department of Nature Conservation. Together we are tackling the human-elephant conflict that threatens lives and livelihoods, helping to restore and protect the forest ecosystem, and enabling local villagers to develop sustainable occupations that do not harm the forest

Thai elephants research and conservation Fund. A mission that includes many programs which is operating continuously. Process to enhance participation of Thai society in the protection and conservation of Thai elephants. Animal symbols are partners in Thailand to Thai society forever

The Elephant Conservation Network Working with wild elephants and their surrounding human communities in and around the Salakpra Elephant Ecosystem to minimise Human Elephant Conflict through the protection and eventual establishment of elephant corridors, crop protection trials, monitoring of crop raiding events as well as working with the local communities to establish land use patterns, work on community education and on finding/suggesting alternative forms of income for those who formerly relied on the forest. www.ecn-thailand.org 100% of your contribution to FOC for The Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation is sent directly to the project, and each donation from U.S. donors is fully tax-deductible. A U.S.-based, international organization, Friends of Conservation is a nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation under Section 501(c )(3) of the Internal Revenue Code; the tax identification number is: 36-3561971. By volunteering at the elephant care centre you will make a major contribution to elephant welfare in Thailand, you will have the opportunity to help the centre care for elephants whilst working alongside professional mahouts (elephant keepers). The centre we work with would not be able to run without the hard work of the volunteers and their financial support. It is through the volunteer fees that the centre is able to provide an alternative life for the elephants (and the mahouts).

4.1 Local and Financial Context

Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

Due to the culture and financial background of Thailand, There are plenty of finance supportings that related with my project. Firstly the material I chose ( bamboo), has the large resource area in Thailand, Bamboo even as the important export financial part in the Thailand financial market. Secondly the elephants, the national organizations and Local charities all put a great attention on the Asian elephants.

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Thailand (Bangkok) Local and Financial Context

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The Bangkok Comprehensive Planning policy 2006 - Enacted on May 2006. - Master Plan covered total area of Bangkok - Under the Town Planning Act of 1975 - Implemented for 5 years (2006 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2011) According to the Plan: - Land-use must be conformed to the Master Plan - Existing Land-use are not effected by the Master Plan - Land-use which were not conformed to the Plan could not be expanded. The related policy 1. To conserve the historical and cultural heritages and to maintain the national identity. 2. To preserve valuable national and environmental resources in order to improve the quality of life. 3. To create knowledge based economy with centers of administration and communication. 4. To improve the city's accessibility by improving an efficient mass transit system. 5. To Conserve the open space, retention ponds, public park 6. To plan more efficient land use to accommodate future growth. 7. To use as the Bangkok Metropolis development direction and urban and related areas or rural conservation and preservation in term of the asset management, transportation, public utilities, public services and environment to be in line with urban development system in other zones in the National Economy and Society Plan. 8. To Control of the height, size, and use of the buildings in the CBD of Bangkok

Environmental Policies in Thailand 2011 Recent pollution control measures are started to implement as follows: - Alternative fuel such as natural gas, LPG, electricity, bio-diesel, ethanol - Public campaign, such as car pool, car-free-day, walking street -Tax penalty and incentive for promoting the use of cleaner vehicles and cleaner fuel - Controlling the use of used engines - Special inspection and maintenance for bus fleet 3. Pollution control measures The government has been attempting in respond to the environmental problems, in which several effective pollution control measures were initiated. The measures aim not only at exhaust gas emission controls but also at the improvement of fuel and vehicle specifications, implementation of in-use vehicle inspection and maintenance program, mass transit systems, and traffic management. The measures directed toward reducing vehicle emissions include: 3.1 Fuel reformulation The fuel reformulation is separated into two types, gasoline and diesel. Automotive gasoline reformulation The ways of gasoline reformulation are implemented as follows: - Leaded gasoline has been no longer available in Thailand since January 1, 1996. - The benzene content is limited less than 3.5 percent by volume. - The aromatic content is set to be lower than 35 percent by volume. 3.2 Control of vehicle emissions Controls of CO and NOX from gasoline vehicles are performed through the use of catalytic converters. After January 1, 1993, all cars having engine sized greater than 1600 cc must be installed catalytic converters. The cars with engine sized smaller than 1600 cc are required to install catalytic converters after June 1, 1993. 3.3 Emission standard Emission standard for new vehicles in Thailand had been established since 1995. The main part of vehicle emission standards, excepted motorcycle, is adopted from the European Union standard. 3.6 Traffic management and VKT reduction To increase traffic speed in Bangkok and reduce vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), the specific measures are implemented as follows: - Two mass rapid transit systems, i.e. an elevated sky-train system and a subway system - Bus system reform - Extension of road network and expressway - Automatic area traffic control - Parking restriction on major streets - Flexible working hours - Strict enforcement of traffic regulation - Bus lane - Reversible lane

4.2 Local Planning Policy

The plan properties The Bangkok Comprehensive Plan consists of 3 plans, which are 1. The land use plan is divided the land use in the Bangkok Comprehensive Plan into categories by using color as a legend and having a regulation control in each area, and each color in the area shows how to use land. It also has a number control in the small areas for convenient uses. 2. The transportation system plan is set to solve the traffic problems in order to promote Bangkok towards the new economic development center. The three new infrastructure developments are the expressway system, public mass transportation and public medium transportation. It also the constructions of main roads and sub routes, which helps to stimulate the potential of new development systematically and leads beyond the development trends. 3. The open space plan is for recreation and environment conservation. This plan was announced after the land use plan and the transportation plan by having a policy to promote, renovate, restore and conserve the urban environment along with the cultural identities. The open space plan has 2 categories as follows: 3.1 The open space for recreation and the environmental conservation 3.2 The open space for the flood prevention

Planning Measurement Roles - Land use Regulations have important role on building control and development, - City plan is a guideline of city growing directions, - Encourage infrastructure networks which related to land use and economic activities, - Control urban developments in the areas which lack of infrastructure and public welfares.

Planning measurements for the implementation of the Plan - Regulated of some activities which are strictly prohibited, allowed, and allowed with condition. - Density control by definite of the maximum floor area ratio (FAR) and the minimum openspace ratio (OSR). - Set back open space along main canals and main roads. - Control of building height and size. - Regulate some industry list. - Incentive to investment by the bonus system for some buildings.

Relating laws to the development in Bangkok 1. Town Planning Act 1985 - Ministerial Regulation of Comprehensive Plan - Ministerial Regulation of Specific Plan 2. Building Control Act 1997 3. Bangkok By-Laws, which control the building construction, rectification, and building use change. 4. Other related laws, i.e., Public Health Act, Factory Act, Land Act, Land Subdivision Act, Environmental Act, etc.

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Bangkok Metropolitan Administration has planned and made The Bangkok Comprehensive Plan (1st Revised Edition) in 2006 completely and been effective by the Ministry Enactment Volume 414 (in 2006, which was released under the City Planning Act 1975 and announced in the government gazette the royal decree edition 116 section 57ÂĄ on 5th July 2006.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

The master plan of Bangkok green area It is used as a framework in following the urban environment policy particularly the procurement, construction and development of the public park. This leads to the sustainable development and brings the potential of open spaces such as canal, river, reservoir, basin and undeveloped areas to be developed systematically and integrated with the urban community infrastructures, and etc. These contain of â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Master Plan of Bangkok Green Areaâ&#x20AC;? for a long term (25 years) and short term (5 years) and yearly plan in term of action plan of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

Missions 1. Plans to develop polycentric city by the existing center of business developments are located in the heart of the city and community centers are scattered around outskirt areas. 2. Preserves and conserves cultural heritages in the areas around and nearby Rattanakosin Island. 3. Sets up the land use schemes to be ready for the future public transportation networks, public utilities and infrastructure in and nearby public transportation station. 4. Sets up the special development areas to be ready for the coming center of business development in the areas, where the travel are highly convenient such as Jangwattana Government Center, Bansue Commerce Center, Rama III Special Development Area, etc. 5. Adjusts the traveling expediency. 6. Promotes the urban environment. 7. Promotes the balance between workplaces and residential zones. 8. The major developments are inside the outer ring road frame. 9. It is necessary to keep and preserve the rural and agricultural areas in the Eastern side to be used in delaying and preventing the flood in Bangkok Metropolis. Nowadays, they have been developed about 20 percent. For the Western Side is very close to the city center. After the rural and agricultural areas preservation project was implemented, it helps to drain water from Thonburi. Today, it is a good living areas with clean environment and close to the city, so it should be preserved continually to be good residential areas inner the city.

The Green Land development in Bangkok 2006 SITE

SITE

The master plan of Bangkok Landuse

The Green Land development in Bangkok 2006 http://www.bma-cpd.go.th/cpd/eng-dcp.html

SITE

4.2 Local Planning Policy The site is choose in city center which the govenment encourage to develop with more green area The green Land development is the big issue in Thailand Planning policy.

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CASE STUDY OF GREEN LAND USE IN CITY PLANNING

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Asian Elephant Space regulation and Breeding Requirement Holding elephants must hold a minimum of three females (or the space to hold three females), two males or three elephants of mixed gender In most cases where an institution has one remaining elephant, the remaining elephant will receive a recommendation for relocation at another AZA institution from the Elephant TAG/SSP. All elephants must be visually inspected on a daily basis The elephant team must work closely with the veterinary and nutrition teams o balance medical and nutritional requirements with behavioral components and activity levels for each elephant. A recommended minimum height of walls, cables and horizontal railings for adult elephants is 8 ft (2.4 m).Recommended materials for barriers include solid concrete, rock walls or horizontal steel rails, pipe or cable. Minimum recommended stall space (i.e. temporary holding, overnight, etc) is not less than 600 sq ft (56 sq m) for males or females with calves, and not less than 400 sq ft (37 sq m) for females. Minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space Standard: There are no standards for minimum inter-individual distances that will influence size of space at this time. Facility must have sufficient structures for all elephants to participate in all ranges of natural behaviors. Elephants are a social species and herds often perform activities together, such as feeding, drinking, walking, resting, and wallowing. It is recommended that pools be constructed with rounded edges, and without corners. Artificial pools should have either multiple or lengthy gently sloping exit and entrance areas, with non-slip surfaces, and at an angle no greater than 30° Recommended minimum size for outdoor habitats is not less than 5400 sq ft (500 sq m) per elephant using the habitat. A varied terrain provides more complexity in the environment as well as exercise opportunities, such as walking, turning, reaching, stretching, climbing, bending, digging, pushing, pulling, and lifting. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. Breeding facilities must have a birth protocol in place, which provides for care of the mother during pregnancy and parturition and safety of the calf immediately after birth. Measurement: Birth protocol is reviewed. Explanation: In order to avoid incidents of calf injury or unsuccessful births due to lack of a plan or lack or preparedness, a detailed birth protocol must be written for all pregnant elephants. For first time mothers, this protocol must include the ability to restrain the mother AZA Standards for Elephant Management and Care, March 2011 Page 25 and retrieve the calf at parturition if necessary. The protocol must include methods of care of the mother in case of birth complications requiring veterinary intervention. There are several excellent birth protocols available from successful breeding institutions. The Elephant Husbandry Resource Guide is also a valuable reference for developing the institutional birth protocol. First time mothers in particular may require significant management. Initial protection of the calf and control of the mother are critical to a successful birth. Introduction of the new calves and mothers to the herd must be accomplished both cautiously and expeditiously. Reintroduction of the calves and mothers to the natal group or herd should be accomplished as quickly as possible. Every institution should institute a program to educate zoo visitors about elephant and elephant conservation issues (EMA 1999, Hutchins and Smith, 2000). Measurement: Records of elephant education program should be reviewed. Explanation: Assistance is available from the Elephant TAG/SSP Education Advisor. Every institution should have up-to-date educational graphics and/or information about elephants on display to the public. Institutions must have the ability to manage introductions and separations of elephants, including; a new female to an existing herd, females to males for breeding, calves to their mothers, and calves and mothers to the herd. An institution’s foot care protocol should include daily cleaning and inspection of all elephants’ feet. Every institution must have a browse program/protocol as a part of their elephant management program. If males are housed, separate facilities for isolation must be available, and a program of social contact in place Isolation facilities for birth and postpartum management must be available Outdoor habitat surfaces must consist primarily of natural substrates (e.g., soil, sand, grass) that provide good drainage. Enclosures must be made up of a combination of hard substrates and soft substrates. Providing a variety of soft substrates will promote behaviors, such as foraging, wallowing, bathing, digging, and resting. The use of both wet and dry wallows is encouraged to assist with skin care and protection against the sun and biting insects. Elephants can lie on mounds of earth. Providing a combination of hard substrates to promote normal wear of footpads and soft substrates, such as earth and sand, to promote dust bathing is preferred.

4.3 Elephant Breeding regulation and case study

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Thailand possesses an estimated 1000-1500 wild individuals, most of which occur in protected areasHowever, contrary to most other countries, Thailand holds a higher number of captive individuals than wild ones, the former comprising approximately 60% of the total population Many Thai experts believe the number of wild elephants to be very much lower than the figures quoted above and some put the total number at below 1,000. In the past, Thailand’s forests teemed with a vast wild population estimated at the beginning of the 20th century to be in excess of 300,000 with a further 100,000 domesticated elephants.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Elephant Breeding Program

The National Elephant Institute ((NEI)

ELEPHANT CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION

Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC) The Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC), founded in 1993 under Royal Patronage, cares for more than 50 Asian elephants in a beautiful forest conveniently located near the famous city of Chiang Mai. Beyond being an exciting tourist experience, the TECC is also known for its pioneering work in conservation and science. The TECC also proudly houses six of HM King Bhumibol's ten white elephants in the Royal Elephant Stables. As Thailand's only government-owned elephant camp, the TECC promotes affordability and accessibility. Active in Conservation, the TECC operates an onsite Hospital and manages Thailand's first mobile clinic, treating needy elephants free of charge. The TECC has an excellent natural breeding rate, usually producing at least two baby elephants a year. The TECC is operated by the Forest Industry Organization, a State Enterprise of the government of Thailand. It houses the National Elephant Institute of Thailand, a center of learning which shares its vast library and trained specialists with other agencies and organizations working to help the country's 2,700 domesticated elephants.

Reproduction Program Reproduction is a key area of research for the TECC. After years of effort, in 2007 our veterinary team, working with many Thai and overseas associates, produced the world's first calf born of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) outside of Europe or the USA. The handsome calf, fittingly nicknamed "A.I.", was conceived by a female named Mae Khot with semen from a handsome tusker, Chapati. Now boasting a royally bestowed name, Sompob, he is a very healthy 4-year old who performs in the daily show and participates in the Homestay program. The TECC's veterinarians also collaborated in several important scientific papers on genetics, the body chemistry of female elephants, and related subjects.

4.3 Elephant Breeding regulation and case study The co-operative organization of Asian Elephants in Thailand The organization with reprodution program will have the strong relationship with my projects

The reproduction program most in the North, northeast and southest part of Thailand now. The genetic researchs are in these area as well now

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Case Study

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Overview Of The Most Common Procurement Strategies

Cost

Time

Quality

Time

Cost

Time

Quality

Management procurement Method

Design and Build procurement Method Traditional procurement Method

Quality and cost is prioritised at the expens of Time.

Cost and time is prioritised at the expense

Quality and time is prioritised at the expense of Cost

Once a package of information is complete the work is tendered to a number of possible contractors. The tenders come back and a contractor is appointed by the Client. It is common that the most competitive tender is accepted.

This method of procurement means the contractor is responsible for design as well as construction. Design and construction integrated into a single contractual agreement

Client can modify design and requirements during construction. Managing contractor can adjust programme and costs. Design and construction skills integrated at and early stage. This allows for an early start on site.

Advantage: Because this method is design led the resultant building is usually of high quality. There is cost certainty before construction begins.

Advantage: Guaranteed cost and completion date. Disadvantage: The control of quality lies solely with the contractor and therefore often suffers. Very little flexibility to change design or requirements.

Disadvantage:The tendering process can take a long time There is no possibility from contractor or suppliers to reduce costs/time. Variations can cause difficulties, which can lead to problems within the construction team.

Advantage: Because construction can start immediately with detailed design being provided at the required stages of construction, this method is fast. Also there is a high level of flexibility with the ability for the Client to modify the design during the construction process. Disadvantage: This method is high risk, and the risk is lies mainly with the client. Cost is difficult to control due to there being numerous contracts and no fixed sum.

Choosen Procurement Method

Criteria

QUALITY

COST

Cost

C1 C2 C3

Lowest possible capital expenditure Certainty over contract price, no fluctuation Best value for money overall

4 4 5

Time

T1 T2 T3

Earliest possible start on site Certainty over contract duration Shortest possible contract period

1 3 2

Quality

Q1 Q2 Q3

Top quality, minimum maintenance Sensitive design, control by employer Detailed design not critical, leave to contractor

5 3 4

1 0

T1 Q1

TIME

4.4 Procurement Route

Priority (0 lowestâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;5 highest scale)

COST (price level or cost certainty) TIME (speed or certainty of completion date) QUA LITY (functionality and performance

The Evaluation table shows the importance of different aspects during the design and building process in my project. According to the analysis, it is shown that the most important aspects are "COST" and "Quality". So that the TRADITIONAL procurement moethod is the most suitable method for my project

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The Traditional Procurement method offers the greatest assurance of a high quality building that performs as required. Although the process of producing tender packages and appointing a Contractor may take a long time, this process enables the client to establish a reasonable prediction of cost, construction time and most importantly, ensure quality. Considering these important factors it is easy to immediately dismiss a Design & Build procurement method as the control of quality and selection of Specialists/Subcontractors lies completely with the Contractor. The Management Procurement Method offers the advantage of a quick construction time, but due to specific construction information only being provided when it is required during construction there is significant risk to the client that integration of building elements become problematic. This is likely to result in spiralling costs.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Contractor

The Traditional Procurement Method Stage A, B

Stage C

Stage D

Stage G, H

Stage F

Stage J

Stage K, L

Although I choose the Traditional method for my project, the overlapping working method in Build and Design is appreciate

The Build and Design Procurement Method Pre-Design

Stage A, B Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants

Design

Stage C Outline proposals/ clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements

Stage D Detailed proposals by contractor

Stage G, H Tender action including contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposals

Pre-Construction

Stage H Final proposals by contractor and specialists

Stage F Production information

Stage J Mobilisation by contractor

Construction

Stage E Final proposals by contractor and specialists

Advantage of Buid and Design procurement Method: Can work different stages at the same time, saving the time.

Stage F Production information

Stage K, L Construction to completion and after completion

Stage A - Appraisal: Identification of Clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements and any possible constraints on development. Preparation of studies to enable the Client to decide whether to proceed. Appoint Design Team. Stage B - Strategic Briefing: Preparation of strategic brief by or on behalf of the client confirming key requirements and constraints. of future action on behalf of, the client with client confirming key requirements and constraints. Identification of procedures, organizational structure and range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project. The strategic brief is a key output from this stage and becomes the clear responsibility of the client. The Architect must at this stage produce sketch design proposals and under take a preliminary cost check Stage C - Outline Proposals: At this point the development of the strategic brief into the full project brief begins and outline design proposals and cost estimates are prepared. Stage D - Detailed Proposals: Complete final development brief and full design of the project Stage E - Final Proposals: Completion of the brief with decisions made on the planning arrangement, appearance, construction method, outline specification and cost of the project. Complete cost checking of designs. Stage F: - Production of Information: Final decisions taken on every matter related to design, specification, construction and cost. Production information is prepared in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained. Stage G - Tender Documentation: Prepare and collate tender documentation in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the construction of the Project. Stage H - Tender Action: Tenders obtained and appraised with recommendations made to the client to allow an appointment to be made. Stage J - Mobilisation: Building contract let and contractor appointed. Production information issued to the contractor. Site is handed over to the contractor Stage K - Construction to Practical Completion: Contractor programmes the work in accordance with the contract and commences work on site. The Architect administers the building contract up to and including practical completion where at which point the contractor hands back ownership of the site and completed project to the client. Further is information supplied to the contractor as and when reasonably required. The architect monitors the performance of the contractor during construction. Stage L- After Practical Completion: At this Stage, the building has been handed over to the client for occupation. Any defects will have been remedied and the final account settled.

4.4 Procurement Route

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Consultants

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Architect

At the inception of the project, the client through the consultants should establish a clear strategy for the whole design development and construction process. There are several basic ways (procurement paths) whereby a building contract can be let and these are described subsequently.

Elephant Geneticists

Forestry Commission

Zoo manager

Planning Supervisor for Health and Safety

Client Botanist

Natural Conservation manager

Consultants

Main Contractor

Sub-contractor

Architect

Supplies

CDM co – ordinator

Structural engineer

Project manager

Contractual relationships in Designing Process

Acoustic Engineer 1. Designing Process Access consultant

Mechanical services engineer

The principal features are the integration of building design and construction under one single responsibility. It can cover a wide range of services and is also known as (with variants) package deal, turnkey, single responsibility or system build. It is in both the Client’s and the Contractor’s interest to appoint an independent consultancy team of Architect, Quantity Surveyor, and/or Project Manager to establish and develop the brief, monitor the tendering procedure, inspect the work as it proceeds and authorise payments, but – all design responsibility must be left to the Contractor.

2. Detail and Build (also called Develop and Construct) This is a variation of the former procedure. The client’s consultants prepare the design up to about Scheme Design Stage and obtain outline or detailed planning consent from the Local Authority. Contractors prepare a tender based upon this information and all the subsequent detail design resolution is the contractor's responsibility. Often the original design team is transferred ("novated") to the successful contractor to carry out the final working drawings but this can lead to conflict of loyalities. 3. Design and Manage This is a procedure which combines design and build with management contracts. Instead of tendering a price for the building work, contractors compete for a fee to manage the development and assume responsibility for the design team and the trade contractors. 4. Design, build, finance and operate In addition to the responsibilities for design and build, the contractor undertakes to raise the necessary capital to finance the project and operate it over a given number of years. The contractor would be paid on a monthly or other agreed time basis when the client takes occupation of the building.

Client

Construction Management relationship

4.5 Key Roles and Relationships

Consultants

Work or trade Contractor

Construction Manager

Architect

Planning Supervisor for Health and Safety

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The contractual relationship between the Client and Architect is established using a standard form of appointment outlined by RIBA. This sets out the scope of work to be undertaken by the architect (up to which work-stage), fee details and payment structure, details inclusions and additional costs, and the liabilities and duties of both architect and client. The client then enters into contractual agreements with the Consultants, Engineers and Main Contractor, who then appoints specified Sub-Contractors.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Clients The customer for construction who may be an individual, a group, a company or a public organisation. The Client will be the final owner of the completed building. The Client is responsible for the appointment of the architect and Main Contractor. In my project, the Elephant Embassy is hold by the govenment or the cooperative organization.

Communication before the contractor is appointed

Communication when the contractor is appointed

Contractor Employed by the Main Contractor the Sub Contractor are responsible for different areas of the design and construction. Employed Directly by the o-operative, the Contractor is responsible to a greater or lesser extent for the design, as well as for carrying out the work and may appoint its own consultants. The arrangement may be for total design and construction, or for design development and production information based on a scheme design supplied by the client’s consultants. The role of the lead contracto will include: A) Onsite production of building: - project overseer, B) Fitting of non specialist parts arriving on site, C) Co – ordinating supply of parts from sub contractors, D) Co – ordinating Just in Time (JIT) production and delivery strategy of parts to site., The Main Contractor will employ sub consultants to carry our specialist services

Consultants The role of the consultant will be to input into identified critical success factors within the framework ofbudget, programme, and most importantly into the triangular relationship of quality, cost and time. The Client may need to appoint consultants to advise on his/her design requirements and costs, if the client does not have this expertise available in-house. Consultants on the project might be: - Elephant Geneticists - Natural Conservation manager - Zoo manager - Botanist - Forestry Commission - CDM co – ordinator - Structural engineer - Project manager - Quantity surveyor (QS) - Mechanical services engineer - Acoustic Engineer - Access consultant and could be opened up to a wide variety of individuals depending on the nature of the project. Again this will depend a lot on the type of contractural relationship with the client.

Supplies An individual or organisation employed by the main contractor to supply (and sometimes design) materials, goods or components for the project. The supplier may be selected (nominated or named) by the client or chosen by the contractor. Suppliers will be the responsibility of the specialist sub Consultants, agreed with the architects and engineers. A contract requirement will be that supplier are sourced locally to reduce environmental impact. Bamboo--Giant Bamboo White Bamboo Rough Bamboo Painted Bamboo Concrete Black Steel plate

The Architects Practice Initially employed by the Client the architect acts as the coordinator integrating the work of designers and specialists into the overall scheme. The practice will generally take the role of client advisor , check all design team appointments, and ultimately may exclude persons from the work. The Architect (depending on contract type) may advise on the choosing of: - Adviser - Reoresentation - CDM co – ordinator - Structural engineer - Project manager The architect will lay out in clear terms fee structure up to tender to the client, identify project objectives, timescale, and quality positioning. A requirement at tender by the client will request that the same architecture practice be kept on by the contractor to produce the detail designs this will ensure that the key design principles are fulfilled

4.5 Key Roles and Relationships

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The relationship in Build and Design team

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Risk and Safety

Site Risks

Construction Risks

Maintainance Risks

Hazard

Persons at Risk

Risk Control

Near Busy crossing roads and highways

All persons on Site

-Maintain site boundaries securely. -Managed out of hours works as necessary. -Close communication with design team, client and users. -Management of site deliveries.

Droping

All persons on Site

Storage and waste

All persons on Site

Malaria

All persons on Site

Site deliveries and disposing of waste

All persons on Site

-Man safe systems to be installed and used when working at height. -Life jackets to be work when travelling between construction sites by boat. -Life raft/rings to be well sign posted and ready to be used in the event of an emergency. -No work to be carried out on site in extreme monsoon storms where there is deemed to be a risk of being swept away. -Contractor to provide clearly defined storage areas on site. -Plan waste stream to ensure it is timely and effective. -Walkways to be kept clear of materials and waste. -All workers on site will be have a consultation with medical professional who will educate them about the early warning signs of malaria. -All workers on site will be provided with free anti malaria medication and educated on the pros and possible side effects associated with it. -All worker will be given free malaria testing on request. -No work on site will be carried out after sunset or before sunrise, when mosquitos are more active. -Protective measures and management required together with regular monitoring. -Adequate protection and road to be kept clean.

Injury from Falling Objects

All persons on Site

IInjury from protruding Re bars

All persons on Site

Injury from Scaffolding

All persons on Site

Equipment Failure

All persons on Site

Excavation

All persons on Site

Falling from Height

All persons on Site

-Maintainance platforms which allow access to the roof will be fitted with Man safe systems and harnesses will be provided and must be used. -Only designated, fully trained persons from the community or trained construction workers will be given keys to the locked ladders and allowed to access the maintainance platforms.

Risk from M&E Systems

All persons on Site

-Maintainance of the gas pipes, underground sewage tank and gas oven should only be carried out by a fully certified gas engineer. -The underground biodigesting sewage tank will be serviceable by a removable manhole cover, which must only be removed using specialist equipment by a certified engineer. -The services room containing the electricity transformer and battery must be locked at all times and labelled clearly with the appropriate warning symbols. Any maintainance to these should be carried out by a certified electrical engineer.

-All workers to wear hard hats at all times on site. -Nets to be erected to catch falling objects when there is a risk of workers below being injured by falling objects. -Re bar safety caps will be used. These are brightly coloured to ensure high visibility on site. These are placed over the exposed, protruding ends of the re bars to blunt them to prevent a falling worker been impaled on the exposed bar. -Workers will be trained in how to carry re bars around site. -All steel scaffolding will be checked for signs of rusts and bamboo scaffolding checked for signs of insect infestation or damage before use and treated regularly with protective coatings. -All scaffolding poles will be carried by 2 workers who have been trained in this. -Helmets will be worm at all times - including during the erection of the scaffolding and when using the scaffolding as a platform. -Protective, water resistant canopies will be erected to protect scaffolding which is it remain in place for longer than 1 month -All equipment should be checked before use to ensure it is safe and fit for purpose. -All equipment should have regular maintainance checks of which record should be available on request. -A survey will be carried out prior to excavation to ensure no gas pipes or water piper are likely to be hit during excavation. -The excavation area will be fenced off using high visability tape. -Only workers with the correct level of training will be allowed to operate excavation machinery. -Materials and equipment will be stored a safe distance away from the excavated area. (Minimum 1.5m) -Temporary supports will be used to support the excavated area until the concrete retaining wall is poured. This will minimise the risk of collapse. -Ladders will be located at several points to allow quick escape should the excavation supports fail.

‘Pure and Particular Risk’ Insurance will be take out by the contractor and the client against injury to persons or damage to property due to: • Fire • Storm • Water damage • Collapse • Subsidence • Vibration Fundamental Risk Fundamental Risks include such risks as: • The outbreak of war • Nuclear pollution • Supersonic bangs These risks are subject to statuary liability and no insurance is required. Unforeseen potential risks Unforeseen potential risks include loss in time or money due to factors such as: • Adverse weather conditions • Unexpected ground conditions • Unforeseeable shortages of labour • Unforeseeable shortages of materials These will be decided by the parties to the contract in advice. As the procurement method will be a design and build contract, it is likely that the contractor will bare the responsibilities of these risks.

4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety

CDM A CDM coordinator will be appointed early on in the design process and be involved throughout the design and construction to advise on health and safety and risk management matters to ensure that the project complies with CDM Regulations. (See diagram left and Health and Safety Section 1). Despite the early appointment of a CDM coordinator there will always be some risk associated with the project. Below highlights these potential risks and the measures that will be put in place to deal with them. The appropriate CDM regulations will apply as supplied by the CDM co-ordinator. The CDM co - ordinator should theoretically be the first person appointed to the works, and will be responsible for health and safety in construction. However the project manager will take a role in ensuring health and safety in design.

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During the procurement of a building there are a range of potential risks for all parties involved. The choice of procurement route and subsequent contractual relationship between these parties decides the allocation of this risk. For example, the risk is almost entirely with the Main Contractor in a Design And Build Method contract, and conversely entirely with the Client in a Management Contract.

Storage and waste

Phase 1

4. Building the connection walking path between entrance and two small towers. Careful about the Injury from Scaffolding

3. Building the following two small towers at the next step. Careful about the Injury from Scaffolding

Maintain site boundaries securely. Phase 1

Management of site deliveries.

Phase 1

6. Building another small tower and the breeding lab tower after expanding the landscape construction, also the connection path.

5. When expanding the landscape area Careful about road access safety

Construction safety Injury from Falling Objects

Phase 1

Storage and waste

Elephants safety Phase 1

Phase 1 8. The First phase of the project Start to put elephants in the project, and open to the public

7. Finishing the first circulation of the project in the left part

Elephants and human safety

Phase 2

9. Building after the Elephants in the landscape, protected elephants and human is very important safty problem 4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety

Phase 2

Elephants safety

10. The High trees protected the elephants safety Design Realisation Report Unit 22 Xiaoying Lin

The Building safety and risk during construction sequence process of the project. Start analysis the landscape construction risk problem. The most special safety problem is the elephants safety and risk, be more careful after elephants get into the site. The landscape has three phases, from beginning to the end, expanding two time according to the building construction process and the elephants number. The building has two phases. from beginning to the end, increasing the area according to the elephants number.

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Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Phase 1

2. Building the First Entrance tower Careful about the busy road when moving the materials

1. The safety problem from the site Careful about the busy road when moving the materials

Site safety

Phase 1

Maintain site boundaries securely.

Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Safety Cutting Technical

The cuttings should have one or two nodal segments. For single node propagation, culms about 40 cm long with a node in the middle are used as explants. Do cutting on clum

Don't cutting the node, it will broke the bamboo

Bending Safety

When Bending Bamboo into curve line, using HEAT Testing in workshop. using heat gun, heating bamboo for about 1 min. As bamboo getting hot, try to bend it very slow. It should be very careful and slow, otherwise it would be broken easily. Wearing gloves and do not touch the heat gun by hands. After heating the bamboo, bending with gloves.

Workshop Testing

The Safety connection way Bamboo â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Concrete â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Steel Conncection Process 1. Not use the way that knocking the hardware into the top of the bamboo tube. 2. Fix the cramp or steel wire on the ends of the bamboo tube before grouting 3. The hardware must be knocked in the middle of the surface 4. The ends should be make a plane 5. The depth of grouting must according to the drawing. 6. Concrete has to be absolutely fitting with no shrink and no air-bubbles 7. The nuts that are welded on the steel need to be more

Grouting concrete

600mm 4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety Introduce how to construct bamboo in a safety way , Cutting , Bending, Grouting. The special detail for bamboo that should be consider carefully when in the really constructing process. The images show the safety parts in the actual manipulating

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Bangkok, Thailand,2050

Using steel clips to reforce The bamboo crack Needs to be change immediately

The steel plate is becoming weak Needs to be notice The bolt crashed with the steel plate Needs to be adjust

The concrete inside made the bamboo crack Needs to be maintanced

The Nut is loose Needs to be adjust, it causes safety problem

The quality is very low, the strength is very weak. Needs to be replaced

Risks and Hazards Fire: The fire resistance of green bamboo is also very good because of the high content of silicate acid. Filled up with water, it can withstand a temperature of 400째C while the water cooks inside. In the rare event fire does occur in a bamboo plantation, it can recover and continue shoot growth and development, after all, bamboo survived the Hiroshima atomic blast closer to ground zero than any other living thing and provided the first re-greening in Hiroshima after the blast in 1945. Hurricanes: Bamboo plantations stay largely in tact. Its tremendous strength, flexibility and large underground root system make bamboo an excellent wind break. Animals: A bamboo plantation should be fenced at all time to prevent entry of browsing stray animals like cattle, carabao, and goat, which may feed on young shoots and leaves. These also trample and damage the plants. Rodents also feed on emerging shoots and bore holes on the young culms. If these rodents are not controlled, the damage to the plantation becomes serious, thus reducing the production of poles. Pests: Insects and fungal diseases may also occur on a bamboo plantation, however very few of these pests and diseases has ever caused a serious problem in nurseries, plantations, or natural stands. Theft: There is obviously a bigger risk of theft at bamboo plantations than at teak plantations due to the smaller size and much lighter weight of bamboo.

4.6 Risk Management and Health and Safety Bamboo structrue needs to be checked and maintainced frequentely, especially with elephant condition The bamboo cracks would cause the big danger of building construction. The risk and hazards that bamboo material has, should be think carefully in construction process.

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Bamboo Safety and Maintenance

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AUTHORED PRINTED PUBLICATIONS Charlottle Baden-Powell, Jonathon Hetreed, Ann Ross, ‘Architect’s Pocket Book’, Architectural Press, London, 2008 David Littlefield (ED), ' Metric Handbook Planning And Design Data' , Architectural Press, London,2009 Detail, Review of Architecture and Construction Details, Translucent Materials, Vol. 2007, 6, Reed Business Information, Germany Jan Oprins and Harry van Trier and Hugo Maertens, 'Bamboo : a material for landscape and garden design', Birkhauser ,Basel, 2004 Isao Yoshikawa, 'Bamboo fences', Princeton Architectural Press ,New York, 2009 Michael Stacey, ‘Concrete: A Studio Design Guide’, RIBA Publishing, London, 2011 R. B. Tular, 'Bamboo as a building material and its processing methods', Directorate of Building Research, Bandung, Indonesia Herzog T. (ED.), ‘Timber Construction Manual’, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2003 Peter Gevorkian, Ph.D., P.E., ‘Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design’, McGraw-Hill Companies, USA, 2010, p323-332 Stenphen Emmitt and Christopher Gorse,'Introduction to constructionn of buildings' Blackwell Press, London, 2004 Susanne Lucas, 'Bamboo', Reaktion Books, London, 2013

ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS Communities and Local Govt., The Building Regulations Part B Vol 2, (RIBA, London, 2006) Communities and Local Govt., The Building Regulations Part L2, (RIBA, London, 2007) Communities and Local Govt., The Building Regulations Part M, (RIBA, London, 2004) HSE, ‘Health and safety in construction’, HSE BOOKS, Web only, 2006 RIBA Outline Plan of work 2007 (with 2008 amendments), (RIBA, www.architecture.com, 2010) Working with Lead in Construction – a guide to Health, Safety and Environmental Care, (LSA, www.leadsheetassociation.org.uk) The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, (ConstructionSkills, King’s Lynn, 2007) Procurement, (Constructing excellence, www.constructingexcellence,org.uk, 2004)

WEBSITE SOURCES http://zh.scribd.com/doc/132409345/Bamboo-Connections http://zh.scribd.com/doc/132409345/Bamboo-Connections http://www.whisperingwindsbamboo.com/products_kit_structures_TractorShed.html http://www.saveelephant.org/elephant-sanctuary-cambodia/ http://www.guaduabamboo.com/bambusa-membranacea.html#gallery[pageGallery]/1/ www.archdaily.com/93922/bamboo-structure-project-pouya-khazaeli-parsa/ http://www.slideshare.net/ankita224/bamboo-construction-15689563 http://urbanlabglobalcities.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/bamboo-housing-for-haiti-by-laurent.html http://www.iguzzini.es/Consigue_el_libro_iGuzzini_BCN_corporate_building http://www.tisi.go.th/eng/laws-and-regulations.html http://cpd.bangkok.go.th/eng-map2.html http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/Web_version/572/ch32.htm http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/asian_elephants/ http://bamboostories.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/the-joints-and-points-of-bamboo.html http://www.thailandelephant.org/en/fio.html