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http://museum.gov.ns.ca/fossils/geol/globe.htm
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FDPOPNZ
Svalbard Treaty
Iceland Sweden
Canada
Finland
Russia
Estonia
Denmark Germany Netherlands Poland Belgium Austria Switzerland Hungary Romania France Bulgaria Monaca Italy Albania Portugal Greece Spain UK
USA
Japan
Afghanistan Egypt
Saudi Arabia
Dominican Republic
China
India
Venezuela
Australia
Chile Argentina
South Africa
New Zealand
Svalbard is part of Norway: Svalbard is completely controlled and part of the Kingdom of Norway. However, Norway’s power over Svalbard is restricted to limitations listed below Taxation: This allows taxes to be collected, but only enough to support Svalbard and the Svalbard government. This results in lower taxes than mainland Norway and the exclusion of any taxes on Svalbard supporting Norway directly. Also, Svalbard’s
revenues and expenses are separately budgeted from mainland Norway.
Environmental conservation: Norway must respect and preserve the Svalbard environment Non-discrimination: All citizens and all companies of every nation under the treaty are allowed to become residents and to have access to Svalbard including the right to fish, hunt or undertake any kind of maritime, industrial, mining or trade activity. The residents of Svalbard must follow Norwegian law though Norwegian authority cannot discriminate or favor any residents of a certain nationality.
Military restrictions: Article 9 prohibits naval bases and fortifications and also the use of Svalbard for war-like purposes. It is not, however, entirely demilitarized.
SNSK Svea vest Svea nord Lunckefjell
Svea
SNSK
Longyearbyen Arktikugol Pyramiden Barentsburg
Gruve 1 Gruve 2 Gruve 3 Gruve 4 Gruve 5 Gruve 6 Gruve 7
Pyramiden
Longyearbyen
Barentsburg Lunckefjellet
Svea
2.94
Production ( 1 billion tonnes)
2003
0
Export rate
2.5
5
Coal price ( USD/tonne)
0
Turnover & Profit after tax ( NOK billion)
39
2.9 2004
0
2.5
5
2.5
5
WORLD
64
1.47 2005
0
67
41% of electricity generation in the world is from COAL.
2.39 2006
0
2.5
5
72
4.07 2007
0
2.5
5
83
3.43 2008
0
2.5
0.88
5
0
2.5
5
128
0
98% of electricity generation in Norway is from hydroelectric power plants.
1.93 2010
3.45
175
2.64 2009
NORWAY
2.5
5
131
Norway
Population
Shipped coal (1000 tonnes) Russia
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Svea SNSG’s principal operations are in the Svea Nord mine, which is about 60 kilometers south of Longyearbyen. Most of the company’s employees work in Svea. Svea Nord has been in normal commercial operation since 2002 and accounts for most of the company’s production.
96% of the coal sales from Svea, totalled 1,645,509 tonnes in 2010.
4% are from Gruve 7, totalled 65,202 tonnes. Svea Nord Gruve 7 Gruve 6 Gruve 5 Gruve 3 Gruve 2 Gruve 4 Gruve 1 1%
Landfill Contaminated soil Municipal landfill
Bad Acceptable Small
99%
More than 99% of the pollution in Svea is acceptable with the current land use, most of them are put together inside the village area or near the port and wait for shipping to the mainland.
Longyearbyen Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard, Norway. Mining activies started in 1917 and still plays a major role in the community nowadays. Totally there is 7 mines in the area and 22 388 948 million tonnes of coal have been extracted so far.
Landfill Contaminated soil
Bad Acceptable Small
Municipal landfill
Svea Nord Gruve 7
Gruve 6
Gruve 5
Gruve 3
8%
Gruve 4
Gruve 2
Gruve 1
Because of the different distance, most of the historical mines in Longyearbyen dump their waste in the city while the new ones, just drop them near the mine.
15%
77%
Landfill Contaminated soil
Bad Acceptable Small
Landfill Contaminated soil
Bad Acceptable Small
Municipal landfill
Municipal landfill
Barentsburg 17%
29%
54%
Barentsburg started as a Dutch mining town in the 1920s. In 1932 the Dutch sold their concession to the Soviet Union. Since 1932 the Russian state owned Arktikugol Trust has been operating on Svalbard. It is the second largest settlement on Svalbard, with about 500 inhabitants (2007), almost entirely Russians and Ukrainians. Coal is still mined in Barentsburg but Its outward image is depressingly run-down in comparison to its lively and prosperous neighbour Longyearbyen, and its population continues to decline.
The ghost town -- Pyramiden 22%
78%
Pyramiden was founded by Sweden in 1910 and sold to the Soviet Union in 1927. Rapid development during the 1960s and 1970s had transformed it into a modern town hosting 1100 inhabitants and equipped with most urban facilities. But in 1998 when the Russian arctic mining company decided to end its activity there, it became a remarkably abrupt abandonment left behind a site devoid of humans but still filled with all stuff constituting a modern city.
system.
7
70 employees work a 7/7 shift/rotation
The Gruve 7 mine is worked five days a week on daytimeshifts.
175 employees work a 14/14 shift/rotaUnderground
Abroad
Vestfold
Østfold
Oslo
Austagder
Vestagder
Rogaland
Buskerud
Telemark
Hordaland
Oppland
Sogn og Fjordane
Hedmark
70% of shiftworkers at Svea head to mainland Norway on the weeksthey are not in the mine.
1189 miles
tion system.
230
Møre og Romsal
GRUVE 7
12
ground
107
SVEA
Sør-Trømdelag
Nord -Trømdelag
Nordland
Troms Finnmark
Svalbard
TOTAL 336
20 administrative and management staff work five days a week and commute weekly between Svea and Longyearbyen.
0.23 tonnes of from Svalbard to CO2 both ways/ Tromsø person
2.76 tonnes/ capita, by plane
5.83 tonnes/ capita, in China
2.76 tonnes/capita 5.83 tonnes/capita
Combusting the coal emits total to 5.5 million tonnes of CO2-equivalents annually.
7,710.50 Million Tonnes The mining operations give rise to local emissions of approximately 50 000 tonnes of CO2-equivalents.
39.58 Million Tonnes
Transporting the coal by sea from Svalbard to customers in Europe produces annual emissions of about 40 000 tonnes of CO2-equivalents.
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