DD M2

Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 XUANRONG WU 952040 SHIQI TANG STUDIO 30

Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age

Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)

Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication is an advanced system that allow people to do more complex design, which can provide more efficiently and accurately production. In this way, the design can have more possibility by random and calculation.

The first is subtractive fabrication. The main operation is cutting and removing martials from solid part. By using measured axes, the production can be flexibility.

Additive fabrication is the technique that divide materials in different layers from a solid. Like 3D printing, which uses a head that would extrude kinds of materials based on layers. It’s manipulated by x, y and axes in computer.

The third one is formative fabrication. The main operation of that is reshaping the material to the desired form. It’s controlled by computer to produce complex form and reshape materials..

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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

List Item surface Deconstruct Brep

surface

lofting

Surface 1

Surface 2

Surface 3

Surface 4

To construct two surfaces, the first step is making a cube aligning X, Y and Z axis with same distance. Than Deconstruct Brep command used to separate four curves. List Item command to choose different curve and length of that. Finally, lofting new curves to a surface. There are two variates to construct two different surfaces, the curves of the cube and points location at the curve.

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Surface Creation

In the creating surface process, some basic requirements should be obeyed. For the following work, the surface cannot be too twisted. I want to show the balance between two surfaces. The top and bottom space between surfaces are in trapezoid shape, but the orientation is different. With this space between these two surfaces, the twist of that is different. The surface at right hand side is much twist to show the feature.

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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Panel

dispatch command combined two different panels

About first panel, based on the balance rule in waffle. Half panels have opening, and half panels not. I used dispatch command in grasshopper, connecting with true and false result to put opening regularly. The basic panel shape is similar. dispatch command combined two different panels

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Panel

command to put opening

About second panel, two pyramids combined in one panel. To put the opening at each side, I used weavebird command so that the opening can be put based on the different size of each side in one panel.

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Waffle surface curve instead of cube

What is important in doing waffle process is that the correspond between waffle and panel. The waffle structure must be put at boundary of panel to connect with that. However, if using same command as grasshopper, the curve was divided by original cube, but the surfaces I made are twisted, which means the divided distance in waffle is different from the distance of my surface. So I put surface curves to divided and connected in waffle command.

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Isometric View 2D opening with different size in each panel

The whole model based the rule of balance.

Talked about panel, the surface twist direction can be considered as partly symmetrical. This rule is followed at panel part. In the first panel, 2D opening was put in half panel. Most panels at bottom do not have opening so that the structure can be more stable. In the another panel, each panel has six opening with different size, which are all related side size of panel influenced by the attracted point.

About the waffle, each Z axis direction waffle can be attached to the joint of panels. The direction of waffle extends to outside so that waffle structure can hold panel easily.

regulae 2D opening changing

waffle related to panel

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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting

x6

x1

x2

x5

x4

x3

x0

x1

x2

x7

red lines are cut part to connect waffle

x8

x3

In the process of waffle laser cutting, I resubmitted my job more than three times. The cut part in waffle is too small if I use the workshop data, so it too difficult to insert with another part. Z axis direction waffle always broke off. Both wide and length of cutting part should be considered. At the second tome, the length was too large, so Z axis direction waffle became too weak and easy to fall.

In deciding the panel process, I had to change my design lots of times. Because after unrolling the panels, part of them will overlap.

To show the 2D part in panel, the opening is used widely in my design. As

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6

2

dash line showing 2D opening

3 7 4

5

red lines are folding line

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8 9 6

1o

3

2

5 1

4

8

7

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shown in the left picture, the black part inside the pattern is the cut part, which will be opening after folding.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities

Lofts

1.1

1.2

{-172, 105, 407}

{-67, 150, 407}

{325, 150, 150}

{220, 105, 149}

{293, 150, 150}

1.3

{278, 45, 150}

{340, 0, 151} {-52, 0, 407}

{325, 0, 1}

{-22, 0, 347} {-22, 150, 257}

{-52, 0, 257}

{452, 150, 150}

Key {482, 75, 150}

{407, 0, 150}

{428, 150, 0} {278, 75, 0}

{370, 150, 0} {295, 0, -1} {220, 0, 0} {325, 0, 1}

{332, 105, 0}

{368, 0, 0} {379, -4, 0}

Paneling Grid & Attractor Point

{Index Selection}

{Index Selection}

{Index Selection}

{Index Selection}

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

{482, 150, 0}

{40, -5, 0} {422, 0, 0}

{-172, 11, 254}

{303, 38, -7}

Paneling

{Attractor Point Location}

{Attractor Point Location}

{Attractor Point Location}

3.1

3.2

3.3

{431, 14, 1}

{Index Selection}

3.4

{0,0,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves

{377, 0, 150}

{338, 0, 150} {398, 0, 150}

{-172, 150, 332}

{-97, 0, 257}

1.4

{482, 0, 0}

Grid Points

To design the two surfaces, I want to keep a relationship between two surfaces. At first, I chose 1.3 as my basic surface for following design, but the balance ang symmetry were not clear. Then, I changed left surface to the surface I mentioned in previous journal, in surface creation part. About the attracted point. There is only one point to attract panels on two surfaces.

In texting process, attracted curve was also used, but it was difficult to control the influence index to each panel, part of panels was always extremely high or twist. By using attracted point, let direction of panels be opposite to direction of surface twist. In this way, whole structure can be much stable.

About the shape of panel, I picked 1.2 and 1.3. In the following process, the opening made in rhino would be influenced by twisted surface. Then I tried to find a command in Grasshopper to keep the opening, which I mentioned in previous part. Also, I combined two kinds of panels in one surface to show the variety.

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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model

The whole model based the rule of keeping balance.

The space between X, Y axis direction waffle looks like trapezoid, but from bottom to top, the orientation of that changed. The change tendency keeps balance rule and also add interests to the model. One of the panels have two basic shapes, the main geometry is similar. Opening is the only factor to differ these twos.

Opening distribution is regular. It changes from closed to open then changes to closed again. Therefore, the shadow from these panels are shown at different level.

Because the light always comes from one side, the size of the shadow will be changed in level order. Another surface has the same panel geometry, two triangular pyramids combined with opening at each side. The scale and direction of each panel is influenced by attraction point, so the shadow from the opening also based on that. There are six opening in one panel, the shadow of that always overlapped or covered.

Although there only one geometry is using, the shadow has much more different shapes. Using lots of closed surfaces and opening space, the shadow and light appear alternately. Just like what sentence said,� A light from the shadow shall spring.�

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Visual Scripting of Parametric Model

Based on workshop steps, basic model done after that. The lunchbox shape was used in the following testing, but the boolean surfaces are all based on this basic one.

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SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation

In surface creating, lots of shapes in lunchbox were used. Finally I chose Platonic Tetrahedron. The basic shape is like two combined pyramids. With the straight line, the boolean surface can be much clearer, and I could get desired model easily.

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SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation

To show the variaty of final model, after boolean by Platonic Tetrahedron command surface, the void parts all formed by straight line. I tried to use much complex geometry, but the final object was still looked same, So I boolean the first objrct by original surface again. In this way, the sectional boolean model is formed by striaght line and curve, to show more possibility.

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SOLID AND VOID Isometric view

About the final model, I want to it be more creative and interesting. The boolean geometry have different scale and shape surfaces, so the void part can be more variable. By using attracted point, I put most of boolean geometry at one side in cube. The space between them is very small so that when I get the 50*50*50 section, it will show more details. As show in image, the direction of boolean geometry can be considerate downwards. If it used in pavilion, the sunshine will be easily come in. From top to bottom, the scale is changing. Like what I learnt in M1, the opening space is decided by the height, pavilion scale, buildings nearby. This boolean surface achieved that to some extent.

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SOLID AND VOID Isometric view

I used clipping panel twice at the same direction to show more details. It is clear that the section model has line and curve. As shown in image, the original sharp corner become smooth by second boolean curve. The void space become much interesting in this way.

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SOLID AND VOID Grid Manipulation and attracted point

1.1

1.2

1.3

Matrix and Possibilities

Key

1.4

{0,0,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z)

Task B Matrix

Grid Points

{114,10,-0.39} {-41,-26,0}

2.2

2.3

2.4

{Attractor Point and Curve Location}

{Attractor Curve Location}

{Attractor Curve Location}

{Attractor Point and Curve Location}

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Boolean surface and Cube

4.1

Grid Distribution

2.1

4.2

{Index Selection}

{10,189,0}

{Index Selection}

Boolean geometry and Bounding box

{103,20,39}

{Index Selection}

4.3

4.4

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To design the final section model, I used 1.2 and 1.4 boolean surface both to achieve the straight line and curve both existing. After trying some complex boolean geometry, I find the boolean section is difficult to show the complex of boolean surface, because it’s too small and it just show the details like joint at one corner. Finally, I chose the boolean geometry like diamond. Each corner has different number lines joint, which means the cutting section will be more interesting. Then I got section model in page 13. I want to the final model be more dynamic, the straight line limited that of the section. Therefore, I put the first model into 1.1 boolean surface to get the curve. As I mentioned in previous journal, the model combined by straight and curve, some cut through part suddenly become smooth or turn into another direction, which let the model be much interesting.

Photography of Test Model First two images were for testing, It was boolean by the sphere.

These two images were testing how the final rule worked.

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SOLID AND VOID

Photography of Model

The most interesting part of my 3D model is that it combined straight line and curve. The sharp corner become smooth because of the curve. The boring curve part would suddenly have a sharp cut inside.

In the center, solid was Boolean by part sphere. Most shadow of section caused by straight line and sharp geometry.

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Different scale model applying

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Appendix

Model making

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Appendix

Model making in rhino

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Appendix 3D printing

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