PORT F O L I O JOEY
XU
MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE
AP
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 1
PARTICIPATORY GSAPP Core III Studio Critic: Adam Frampton Collaboration with Jacob Hu
Fall 2019
The apartment complex uses a typical New York courtyard tenement as the general form and attempts to funnel residents towards enclosed public square where a community can develop. The communal square acts as a node that all other public programs resolve around. The street level is consequentially open at the corners of the of the courtyard, resolving the darker spaces of these corners by breaking them open. The wings of the apartment complex follow the cardinal directions of the site, and each wing will house a public program specific to the neighborhood. The corridor is the most important design feature. It not only connects all the amenities in this building together, but also creates spaces for social interaction. The widened corridor opens up the opportunity for community room, communal kitchen and group study rooms. The benefit of increased interaction is to building a strong sense of community that tenants are likely to know their neighbor and boost communal activity within the residential complex.
Massing Exploration
We thought about the different building typologies and found out the courtyard might be the most effective form within the context. The building started with a square, then we offset the foot print inward to create more public plaza spaces. The interior courtyard serves as means of protection in the Bronx neighborhood. The height of the massing is changed to optimize solar exposure for each unit.
Elevation Drawings We use light gray precast concrete as part of our facade to give a monolithic feeling as well as to save budget for the affordable housing.
Construction Detail The building is made of post-tensioned concrete planks and site cast shear walls to be on budget for affordable housing
Plan Drawing Plan is organized to have a continuous corridor and an interior courtyard
Zoomed-in North East Corner Corridor combined with community amenities to boost the interaction and activity
East-Wes
Displays the unit types in the nort
st Section
th wing of the apartment complex
South Entry Render
Central Courtyard
North-South Section
Thanksgiving Dinner at Community Room The community rooms are part of the corridor that could host a variety of functions
West-side Suites Corridor The image show conveys the lightness of the corridor with a skylight on the top
1/4”=1’-0” Partial Model
Front view and sectional quality
1/16”=1’-0” Model
North-West view at Courtlandt street
1/16”=1’-0” Model
North-east view at East 152 street
GIFU KITAGATA CASE STUDY GSAPP Core III Studio Critic: Adam Frampton
Collaboration with Jacob Hu
Fall 2019
Structural Analysis
In designing the building based on the modular bays, Sejima created a series of issues but also opportunities for the structural integrity of the system. Foremost of which is the overindulgence of concrete and the accompanying weight it brings. The structural framework is accomplished using the simplest system, that of a slab and wall. Each bearing wall stands on top of their individual deep strip foundation, allowing the loads from the walls to reach down through each bay, which are then distributed along the entire length of the building using foundation straps connected to every strip foundation. Altogether, the use of the voided slab along with the deep strip foundation saved in construction time and labor. In an economic move, it also saved in material usage, allowing for a 30 percent reduction in concrete. The lighter floor slabs also alleviated seismic stress.
FLAT PLATE LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT TRANSVERSAL REINFORCEMENT VOID
BASE SLAB - REINFORCED CONCRETE TRANSVERSAL REINFORCEMENT LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT DEEP STRIP FOUNDATION STRAP
Density Analysis
Existing Condition FAR: 3.92 Units: 107 Units Lot coverage: 40% Total Area: 9461 m2
In this study we are interested of doubling the density from the current 107 units to roughly 200 units. Since all the walls between units are reinforced concrete construction, the interior layout can be hardly altered. As a result, we are proposing addition of the massing in order to achieve the expected density.
0
5
15
Extra Height FAR: 7.0
Adding another 8 story of higher efficiency units on top of the existing structure can double the density. Terrace space and double high spaces are eliminated in the new units to maximize efficiency within units.
0
5
15
Double Loaded Corridor FAR: 8.0
Adding a row of units following the existing shape can double the density to 200 units. The common corridor in the middle will now serve two units across. Original plan and interior layout can be kept.
0
5
15
Coutyard FAR: 6.5
Building extra units to create a courtyard condition can add another 80 units. The circulation will be on the interior ring, and the courtyard in the middle can become communal spaces instead of parking. New units will not have terrace and double height spaces to increase efficiency, thus creating more units.
PARKING + HEALTH
GSAPP Advanced IV Studio Critic: Phu Hoang Spring 2020
Parks in the city play an important role assuring the mental and physical health for the local population. Newburgh resident’s critical health conditions are partially connected to the lack of parks in both quality and quantity. Proximity, area, and facility are the three criterion that affect a resident’s participation in physical activities at parks. Only 3% of Newburgh are parkland and nearly 40% of the population are living in a park desert. Introducing autonomous vehicles resolves the proximity issue by bringing people to parks that are beyond walking distance. The newly created park + parking deck along the end of the high-voltage corridor can provide extra facility and square footage, alleviating the local shortage of parks. In the near future, the building functions as a recreational park at daytime and a parking deck at night time, assuming autonomous vehicles will circulate around the city during the day and come back only at night for recharge and maintenance. In the far future, with more advanced strategy to service autonomous vehicles, they will serve as drop off only on the site. Interior spaces will be converted to clinics, while the exterior green space remains as a park. Park serves as preventative care and clinics serves as physical care, building a healthier and stronger community.
Site Plan
Newburgh, NY, USA • • • • •
13.7% population report poor health (10.6% avg) 40% premature death (24% avg) 45.3% rely on medicaid (36% avg) 33.3% under poverty line (12% avg) 17.8% preventable hospitalization (13.5% avg)
Park and Health • • • • •
<1/4 mi = optimal distance to park Nearby park = higher physical activity level Live near park = 3x more likely to reach rec. act. level Park boost mental health Encourages healthy diet, prevents obesity
Proximity
Area
Distance to a Park < 0.25mi = 33% (good) 0.25-0.5mi = 24% (fair) >0.5mi = 39% (park desert)
Park land to city area ratio Newburgh = 3.3% US median=9.3%
Park Facility
Downing Park
Washington’s Headquarter
Delano Hitch
Unico
1/2 Scale
Tyrone Crabb 1/2 Scale
Water Front
Schleiermacher 1/2 Scale
5 minute 4 minute 3 minute 2 minute 1 minute
Autonomous Vehicle Travel Range
Health Care
Park
Recreation
N
Public Parks Hospital, 400m radius Senior Communities, 400m radius Autonomous Vehicle routes
Poor health condition from site
Massing
Structure
follow the existing topography
modular frame
shear to maximize solar exposure
precast floor slabs
add floor plates and partition
adaptable interior spaces
Adaptable Programs
Parking @ Night Time
Park and Recreation @ Day Time
Clinic + Park @ Far Future
Rooftop Garden Green space and walk path at day time. Dark green spaces will become parking at night
Zoomed in Plan
Section Perspective at Different Phases Red represents autonomous parking at phase one, purple for recreation and blue for clinic at phrase two. The middle and roof top remains green spaces.
Perspective at Interior This drawing juxtaposes all three scenarios together, the interior spaces are very flexible for either parking or clinic.
Interior Spaces in the Far Future With better technology in the future, autonomous vehicles won’t be required to park at night for maintenance and recharge, open spaces will gradually be converted to interior spaces that features recreational and physical care programs. Local people not only can exercise, but also get routine health care in the newly converted spaces.
SPORTS FOR CLIMATE GSAPP Advanced V Studio
Randall’s island has 40% of New York City’s sports field, yet three quarters of its fields will be compromised after a violent storm. Climate change is starting to impact every aspect of sports, such as damage to playing surfaces and unexpected cancellation of events due to heatwave and unseasonal rainfall. Designing a sports center for climate action in Randall’s Island will raise the community awareness of climate change and find possible solutions through collective action. The building will serve as a gathering, training, and educational space for people with interest in sports, playing a leading role in climate change and inspire a large audience for actions.
Critic: Dan Wood
Fall 2020
Climate change is a gradual, ongoing process. This sports center will adhere to the UNFCCC’s sports initiative, to educate, communicate and advocate for climate action. The first step of our journey to climate neutrality is to have exhibitions and classrooms; provide a forum for visitors to understand the climate change issues in a globally relevant context. The second step is to integrate meeting spaces and conference rooms; communicate with event organizers and local activists about the possible practices and actions to mitigate climate change. The third step is media production; use sports as a strong platform to advocate to a broader audience, and spread awareness to billions of sports fans.
Besides building construction, the carbon contribution of sports to climate change - through associated travel, catering, and energy use - is also considerable. Designing a sustainable building is never enough to mitigate climate change, the user and community’s responsibilities also need to be considered. Everyone has a climate impact and everyone can take action to reduce it. The program will take a deeper exploration on how to reduce each users’ footprint in the above areas and serve as the main driver to encourage walking and biking, promote local sustainable food production, and reduce energy consumption. Sport is a unifying tool to drive climate awareness and action among global citizens.
Randall’s Island This island is located in the tri-borough area, between Manhattan, Bronx and Queens. It can be easily accessed by more than one million people within 30 minutes of walk.
DES IGN
LING CY RE
SU
SU
C
M
A HE
FO
RT
TI ME BE
CO
RF
NTR
RA M
OL
E
IL DIN G SUPPORT C
OLL
AB
IL NATURAL VENT
O
TI RA
O ATI
N
O
N
ER O
FOOD
BU
T NE
Z
Community Responsibility For a sports facility, the design might only account for 30% of the total footprint, the rest 70% needs a community effort: travel, eat and operate sustainability.
COMMUNITY
35%
FERRY LANDING
23%
VEL RA
12%
RANSPOTAT TIVE T ION RNA TE AL
T
R
R AI EP
E RVIC SE
30%
O
+
TE
PP
OR
TO ST RG ES A AN MIL I I D N C R A EDUCE FOO BL L M E K RA ITC HEN ROG COMPOST P
VY
LES SC OM M U
O ON TI RA PE
BIKE PAR KIN G CAR
DATA IME LT A RE +
Soccer Field on Grade
Vulnerable to Climate Change
Elevate Fields
Add Retractable Roof
A Local Landmark
The Sport Center for Climate Action will be a landmark along the Harlem Riv This building will feature a resilient mass timber structure, with an elevated op protect players against extreme weather events, such as heatwave and unseasona
ver, which can be easily seen on a vessel and Manhattan riverfront. pen ground level and roof top sport fields. The sports fields will al rainfall.
Organization
Advantage
It is organized through shuffling programs,
The zigzag shape will create more visual interaction be-
creating more interaction
tween the users, making this building more open
Level 1 Exhibition Lobby Kitchen
Level 3 Conference Media Classroom
Level 5 Sports Changing Seating
Isometric Plan View The type of spaces are marked by different colors. Yellow for climate information, orange for climate advocation, green for sports for climate.
Climate Exhibition Ground floor open exhibition spaces to help visitors gain knowledge about climate change
Rooftop Fields Fields will be accessible by the public by reservation through stairs on the side
North Elevation Main entry to the building from roads, upper levels will have a golf court view
South Elevation Facing the Harlem River, emphasis the river and sport fields view.
TRAVEL
carbon footprint
0
kgCO2/pax/mile
0.03
kgCO2/pax/mile
0.17
kgCO2/pax/mile
0.28
kgCO2/pax/mile
83% Reduction
FOOD
carbon footprint
SERVICE
carbon footprint
18.23
0.35
kgCO2/lb
kgCO2/m³
1000 Mi
0.71
1.09 kgCO2/ton/mile
kgCO2/m³
1.85
0.26
kgCO2/lb
kgCO2/kWh
10 Mi
0.03
0.98 kgCO2/ton/mile
77% Reduction
kgCO2/kWh
28% Reduction
NGO HEADQUARTER
GSAPP Advanced VI Studio Critic: Galia Solomonoff Spring 2020
Disability is often understood as medical models in Asia countries and their rights are not fully protected. Malay government itself is not active on hiring PwDs in the public sector. Research shows officials are aware of the disability clause in Malay Constitution. DBKL is the KL city hall, and the Building Department inspects and approves the development plans and building permits. Technical team not trained to fully detect any accessibility compliance issues. NGO headquarter work with Inclusion International and City of KL and it is located close to city hall and monorail station, in a diverse neighborhood. The program comprises inspector training, job education, conference, and administration. There will also be a public roof area and parking spaces for the Monorail station. This building uses a concrete structure and the facade integrates a bamboo panel rainscreen. The bamboo is a local material and provides shading for the building throughout the year in a tropical climate.
Shape The shape is inspired from a sun flower, for its radiating shape that follows a rational mathematical algorithm. It symbolizes that the building is moving and dynamic.
Structure The structure is developed from analyzing the math behind the sunflower shape. Determining the beam and column grid location for the building from the geometry.
Towers The columns supports the one level podium and there will be towers at the selected locations. The various towers size and heights are for different functional purposes.
Although a ramp uses most of the spaces, but it provides the highest equity of people with disability. All users can use the ramp together, whereas stair and elevator differentiate their functional capabilities.
The building design floors a strict set of Malaysia building code, most of the spaces exceed code minimum and is acting a model for accessibility integration.
The second floor is where all the key progarms are located: auditorium, exibition, and training spaces.
Section shows the car parking on the ground level; auditorium and exibition spaces on the second level; accessible green roof on the third level
Long section shows the accessible path from the elevated monorail station to this building
First Level
Front Pedestrian Entry
Second Level
Central Circulation
Third Level
Parking lot and drop off entry
Wall Details The wall is made of concrete structure, a layer of insulation and vapor retarder, and a bamboo shading device. The banboo shading is necessary for the tropical. Windows are integrated with a light shelf and are operable for cross-ventilation.
FACTS Location: Manhattan, New York Design Wind Load: 60psf Design Deflection Ratio: 1/175 Material: extruded aluminum Dimension: 60ft W x 146ft H Lot: interior lot Zone: R10/C1-9 Tech: low E coating, acid etching Cost: $300/sf
SUPERIMPOSED ZIGZAG GSAPP Advanced Curtain Wall Critic: Robert Heintges Spring 2020
This is a unitized curtain wall system which has the benefit of fast installation, flexibility, and quality assurance. All insulated glazing units incorporate a low E coating to minimize solar gain. Some IGUs are acid etched on the number one surface to make up the facade pattern. The curtain wall design contains two systems, the zigzag part and flat part. The alternating systems create a contrasting, diverse patterns on the facade. The zigzag part creates an angular facade that enhances the three-dimensional appearance from the exterior and provides inside users two angled views similar to that of a bay window. In the afternoon, users can shade the south-west facing window using a blind while leaving the south-east window unblocked. The extended sill at curtain wall stack joints can also be used as benches for the newly created triangular spaces. The flat parts are comprised of typical planar curtain wall units. The verticality of the units will be emphasized by creating a wider exterior mullion framing profile.
Elevation
South Ea
60 ft
10 F
9F
8F
7F
146 ft
6F
5F
4F
3F
2F
1F
ast View
South West View
32 8
6
3
6
3
3 21
8
8
3 41
8
4 21
5
34
6
3
6
3
18
9
8 87
3 41
18
9
45
6
3
8 83
8
CONCRETE-GLASS FACADE GSAPP Facade Detailing Critic: Kevin Schorn Collaboration with Jacob Hu
Spring 2021
In this project, we will be detailing a facade system we designed in our houring project. Since we would like to give residents the choice of having their units facing the roads or courtyards, we proposed an alternating typology for the building. It created a design challenge because we need to coordinate structure, units, and envelope. Water resistance, insulation, and light qualities are considered when developing the enclosure detail.
Insulated Glass Unit
SKYSCRAPER ENCLOSURE GSAPP Super Tall Critic: Nicole Dosso Spring 2021
This class took a deep dive of the super tall building typology, researching a skyscraper’s structure mechanical, enclosure maintenance, life safety, and vertical transportation system. My project focuses on building enclosure, start with a insulated glass unit and is assembled to curtain wall panels, then attaching it to the building. Construction and maintenance is also considered due to its size. Building maintenance units and window washing tracks are integrated to the design as well.
Curtain Wall Dimension
Building Size
4 way joint back view
4 way joint front view
Horizontal Mullion phase 1
Horizontal Mullion phase 2
CONVECTOR COVER FINISHED FLOOR
3/8 IN F.T. GLASS 1/8 IN MULLION GASKET
ANCHOR SMOKE BARRIER ALUM. BACK PAN MINERAL WOOL RIGID INSULATION
ROLL UP SHADE GYP. WALL BOARD SHADER TRACK
W24 BEAM SPRAY FIRE PROOF AIR RETURN