Sock Xu PDF Portfolio 2015-2017

Digital Interface Research and Design Works of Tongda Xu, 2014-2017 For Application of SMARCHS Program in Computation, MIT School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Haidian, Beijing, 100084, China

Open-HAPPINESS PHASE I | 02 Simple EEG capture and responsive environment Links: https://vimeo.com/238777590 Open-HAPPINESS PHASE II | 10 Interactive affection computation with reinforcement learning Links: https://github.com/matonglidewazi/Openbci-UnityMLAgent-Windows https://vimeo.com/247920696 SCAFFOLD OF BABEL | 22 Sky community for the construction workers and other poor people Link: http://www.evolo.us/category/2017/

BUDDHA IN THE AGE OF Mechanical Reproduction | 30 A new paradigm of aesthetic value in the age of media reproduction

SOFT ROBOT FOR BIO-LIGHTING ARCHITECTURE | 40 Swinging with the Parisian, breathing with the light.

Link: https://vimeo.com/233956465

RESEARCH PROJECTS ARCHIVE | 46 Collection of architecture-related research project from 2015-2017 Link: https://vimeo.com/217267759 https://github.com/matonglidewazi/Openbci-UnityMLAgent-Windows https://vimeo.com/217380767 https://vimeo.com/233655615

Visit the Closet of Sock Xu

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1. OpenHAPINESS running @798 Cafe Bar, Credits to Xu

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Open-HAPPINESS PHASE I Freelance T. Xu, D. Wang and X. You Exhibit in Ocean International Centre, Nov 26-Dec 24 Chaoyang Rd Side Rd, ShiLiPu, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing, China, 100025 Date: Aug 2017 - Sept 2017

With the development of machine learning and the brain-computer interfaces (BCI), the accuracy of emotion recognition utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) reaches a practical level. And training model make the algorithm pointing out the state of the subject in real time possible.

An open source, affordable, wireless bio-sensing headset—openBCI, is adopted, for the EEG detection, with the PYspace—a machine learning tool-kit distinguishing the current state of the brain. The subject is required to stay in an interactive box with the headset on and watch a video containing a single colour.

While the installation focusing on the response and influence of built environment toward people is limited, the motion and affection state of the subject is labelled. And with a random change to the luminance, the colour temperature and the saturation of the video frame and supervise the machine to give the response to reach the pre-set state. After a long time of data collection, the model figures out the sequence of events adjusted to people’s general affection. We change the simple colour into a mixed condition and add some texture in the picture and repeat the learning process. After a series of space operation like scaling, zooming, flashing, alternating, moving and rotating, the subject shows different feedback in mind.

Scan or click to watch the video on Vimeo of OpenHappiness project!

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1. OpenHappiness @ night 798 Cafe bar, Oct 2017, credits to Xu

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{Img_807, Tag = Fear}

{Tester_12} ... ...

... ... {Img_03 Tag = Anger} {Img_02, Tag = Amusement}

{Tester_03} {Tester_02}

{Img_01, Tag = Fear}

{Tester_01}

{Raw EEG Data[T] 8Channels@250HZ}

{Tag from Standard Visual Picture Stimuli}

{Fast Fourier Transformation, Data Size = 528}

{Emotion Tag Type = 8}

{Data Size = 176, (After Downsampling)}

{SVM Classifier, Kernel = Polynomial, Complexity Constant = 1, Exponent = 2} Trained and Tested Model { Processed EEG, Data Size = 176}

{ Return = Emotion Tag}

Tyler’s Color-Emotion Model

{Emotion State_01} {Real-time Raw EEG Data[T] 8Channels@250HZ}

{Emitter_Color_01}

{Emotion State_02}

{Corresponding {Emotion State_02}Color[H,S,V]}

Figure 1. The Diagram for the supervised machine learning using Supported Vector Machine Classifier

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{Emitter_Color_02} {Emitter_Color_03}

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1. OpenHappiness at night 798 Cafe bar, Oct 2017, Xu https://vimeo.com/238777590

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1. OpenBCI Hat with 8 Channels 2.Foldable Board 3. Test Subject 4.USB Dongle connecting to OpenBCI in TCP 5. Hp-Z240 with K620 inside conducting Pixel Flow and OpenBCI SDK 6. Monitor with Parameters 7. Epison EB-450W Short Focus Projector

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1. OpenBCI as the backend of capture devices, Oct 2017 2. Wide-angel Projector running for image generation, Oct 2017 3. Processing with Pixel Flow Lib as the visual frontend, Oct 2017

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1. OpenHAPINESS Phase II @Year-4 Studio, Sub: You Xiaohui, credits to Xu

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Open-HAPPINESS PHASE II Thesis, Research Project, Paper accepted by Caadria 2018 T. Xu, D. Wang, M. Yang and X. You (2017), AN EVOLVING BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROTOTYPE: A Prototype of Adaptive Built Environment Interacting with Electroencephalogram Supported by Reinforcement Learning, T. Fukada, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) 2018, Paper 49 (Preprint) Date: Sept 2017 - Dec 2017 This paper proposes an environment prototype learning from people’s Electroencephalogram (EEG) feedback in real-time. Instead of the widely deployed supervised learning method, a recently published affordable reinforcement learning model (PPO) is adopted to avoid bias from designers. And to base the interaction on the subject and intelligent agent rather than between the designer and subject. In this way, development of interaction towards a specific target is substantially accelerated. The target of this prototype is to keep the subject’s alpha wave stable or decreasing, which indicated a more calming state, by intelligent decision of illumination state according to subject’s EEG. The result is promising. A decent trained model could be gained within 500,000 steps facing this mid-complex environment. The target of keeping the alpha wave of subjects on a low or stable level purely by decision from computer agents is successfully reached.

Scan or click to find the Github Repositories of OpenHappiness II project!

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Action-State Loop

{Real-time Raw EEG Data[T] 8Channels@250HZ}

Reward Function{R[T | Observation]}

Observation {Hue[T], Sat[T], Val[T]}

Current Reward{Reward[T]}

PPO RL AGENT{Policy[J], Value[D]}

Action {Action_Hue[T+1], Action_Sat[T+1], Action_ Val[T+1]}

T+1 Action

Figure 1. The diagram of reinforcement learning and relationship between environment and agent

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1. OpenBCI Hat with 8 Channels 2.Google Cardboard with Android Phone 3. Test Subject 4.USB Dongle connecting to OpenBCI in TCP 5. Hp-Z240 with K620 inside conducting CUDA8.0 and CUDNN 6. Monitor with Unity Environment rendering the frame to smart-phone 7. Monitor with Jupyter Notebook watching the training 8-9. Lab-man like us

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1. OpenHappiness Phase II @Year-4 Studio, Sub: Tong Hanshuang, credits to Xu

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ACTOR MODEL Two Hidden Layers tf.dense{Full Connection, Units = 256 Bias = No, Activation = tanh}

Hue[T] Action_Hue[T+1] Saturation[T] Action_Sat[T+1] Brightness[T] Action_Bri[T+1] AlphaPower[T]

... ...

Observation Layer state.add{Hue, Sat, Val, Alpha}

Action Layer Action{A_Hue, A_Sat, A_Val}

Figure 1. The structure of Actor and Critic NN used in Unity

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CRITIC MODEL Two Hidden Layers tf.dense{Full Connection, Units = 256 Bias = No, Activation = tanh}

Hue[T]

Saturation[T] Value[T] Brightness[T]

AlphaPower[T]

... ...

Observation Layer state.add{Hue, Sat, Val, Alpha}

Value Function Layer {Value}

y-ML Agent, Initial build by Mr. Arthur Juliani, Tuned by Xu

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ENVIRO

Gloomy: Alpha Power++

TCP/IP COMM

Reward{R[T]} += -0.1f

State {S[T]}

ACTOR

+

{E

Observation {Hue, Sat, Val, Alpha}

CRITIC

+

AGE

18

ONMENT

Amusement: Alpha Power--

MUNICATION

Action {A[T+1]}

EA-KL Penalty}

Policy Loss

Action{A_H, A_S, A_V} {TD Error}

ENT

Value Loss

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1. Subject: Zhang Luojia, @Year-4 Studio, Depress, credits to Xu 2. Subject: Zhang Luojia, @Year-4 Studio, Amusement, credits to Xu

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Policy θ[2]

Policy θ[1]

Value φ[1-K]

Value φ[K+1-2K] ... ...

Policy θ[J]

Policy θ[...]

Value φ[(J-1)K+1-JK]

Value φ[...-...+K]

... ...

... ...

... ...

Figure 1. The diagram for Update step of PPO

Result and Discussion The comparison group* was set to verify the effectiveness of “Action”, everything else is the same except the HSV is updated from Random (0f,1f). As shown below, the model acquires the “boundary punish” in 80,000 steps, and shows significant training result on all six subjects.

-[Training Hours] A keen sense of uncomfortable which cause serious deviation in subjects’ behaviour and model training could emerge after 15 minute.

-[Possible better methods] We could say that the model converges locally at 400,000 steps. While a possible global optimization or better local optimizations is possible to reach after 500,000 steps.

Figure 2. The training result from Tensorflow: Reward, Entropy, Value Estimate *Due to stability and render speed, the formal experiments are screen based instead of VR based. The head move wearing VR devices are polluting data.

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1-6. Subject-Dong Qingqing on experiment, Nov 2017, Xu https://vimeo.com/247920696

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IO

C V IO L E N E O F R E B

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T

EL L

TH E

: R

AN

% E N T OF REBE

LL N

N:

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M GE

LE VIO

.5 81

T

HE

R

HE A

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.5 65

%

%

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1. User Interface of Scaffold of Babel.

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SCAFFOLD OF BABEL Honourable Mention Award, eVolo Skyscraper Competition, 2017 T. Xu, D. Wang, and L.J. Zhang Collected by Archidaily, Daily-mail and other media Date: Jan 2016 - Feb 2016

Since the industrial revolution, production fuels the capitalism and consumerism, the big cities and skyscrapers become possible. And this was when workers began to play an important role in this complicated social system. Due to the height they need to work at, construction workers are viewed as one of the most dangerous professions now, not to mention in early days when security measures were less efficient. They are risking their life building our cities when architects and city planners take all the credit.

Ironically, the construction builders are underpaid, surviving at the bottom of the society. As our cities sprawling over the land, the confrontation between the worker class and upper social classes has become sharper than ever. The luxurious skyscrapers take up the urban space, while the constructors of these buildings end up in city corners or even homeless. They have laid every piece of brick in the city, yet were driven away from the kingdom they built by high prices and other urban problems. Seldom do they have a chance to live a city life. ​ “Workers of the world, unite!”

Change will happen. The workers start from a common strike and take up movement. Soon the site of taking up will become a site to live. With scaffolds erected, workers move in, infrastructure built, a community of workers leaded by constructors grows out of the top of our concrete jungle. That’s the babel tower of workers, a heterotopia for worker class in the central and topmost area in a metropolitan, a deserved decent place to live and reproduce in the city they have devoted themselves to.

Scan or click to find the Evolo Entry of Scaffold of Babel project!

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Fictional Revolution Pr

H-Archy Tree[T]

The State

H-Archy

Banking

Triggering Event

Violence Worker

Location [K-1]

... ...

Location [K]

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Location [K]

rocess in New York City

Tree[T+1]

Client

Node

H-Archy Tree[T+2]

Server

Node

Client

Node

Client

Node

... ...

... ...

Location [K]

Spreading Influence

Location [K+1]

1-3

1-3. The revolution process [T]-[T+2] of Location K

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1. Main Perspective of Scaffold of Babel, Xu, Jan 2017

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Figure 1. Revolution on the Ground

the Gender Distribuation of the Construction Workers in China

the Vocational Recognisation of the Construction Workers in China 5.14%

5.45%

the Vocational Recognisation of the Construction Workers in China Other Group Vocational Group

35.18%

Neo-governmental Group

13.78%

44.69%

55.31%

Commardie Group School Group

40.45%

Local Foreigner Group Local Traditional Group Religion Group

Female

Male

Leader/Admin

Technical Researchers

Technical Workers

Workers

0%

OLD GEN

Vanger

the Vocational Recognisation of the Construction Workers in China

the Identity Condition of the Construction Workers in China

8.02% 1.02%

60%

80%

100%

NEO GEN

Figure 1. The Survey on Construction Workers

the Vocational Recognisation of the Construction Workers in China Other Group Neo-governmental Group

12.54% 18%

Commardie Group

63%

School Group Local Foreigner Group

78.42%

Local Traditional Group Accept the current Identity as a construction worker

Rural/Foreigner

40%

Vocational Group

19%

Rural/Local

20%

Urban/Local

Ubran/Foreigner

Reject the current Identity as a construction worker

Religion Group 0%

Confused about the current Identity

20% OLD GEN

40%

60%

NEO GEN

Figure 4. The revolution on the Cloud

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80%

100%

Figure 2. The Survey on Construction Workers Part 2

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1. Section of Scaffold, Xu

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1. Buddha as the rock star, Xu, April 2017

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BUDDHA IN THE Age of Mechanical Reproduction Year-4, 12-week core Studio in School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Instructed by Prof Lu Xiangdong Individual work Date: Jan 2016 - Feb 2016 As the film and photography crafts booming in early 1900s, Walter Benjamin published his worldly acknowledged essay, the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction,which talks on the halo of the artworks. In his age, the works can be easily filmed or reproduced by machine, while as he assumed, the halo, or the atmosphere where the art work was created, can never be reproduced. Thus the attribute of right here right now is the essence value of artworks in the age of mechanical reproduction. ​ The problem is that the halo itself wasn’t changed, while the most valuable ones are overwhelmed by the medic-ores. But side-effect of this halo-share movement, is that people starts to share halos with others, coming to a place of collective here and there, representing a symbolic system which is the telepathy of the men share a halo.

Here is where artwork comes back to religion.

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Reconstruction of the Fourfold (das Geviert)

Earth

Gods

Earth

Popularity Must-see Popularity

Mortals Gods Sky Man

Twitter Popularity SkyMeme Hot Porn

Sky

Sky

pu o P

ity r la

Mortals

Popularity

Buzz

天

诡

Mus

t-se

The weird is a strange power alienated to people. It upraise against Buddha and now polarized in a more formidable way.

e

The sky is precious and bounded in a glass-box, avoiding the air and smug out side Beijing polluting it.

人

佛

道 The path are now more condensed and confusing than 1000 years ago. Everyone holds one and it can connect to everywhere.

The Buddha has lost their halos, they are copied easily and piled up together, they are commodity rather than gods.

筑

地

In 2015, the human being are connected to each other and each object in the world by lines and clouds,those connections are depriving the control of their brains to themselves, like a doll hanging in the sky, manipulating by information.

ation

Sens

The ground are flying in to the sky and become vertical in our city. It’s the power and sin of human development.

The architecture are meaningless in that age, it’s a pure method to provide a shelter

Figure 1. The Topology diagram of Buddha in contemporary age

Spr ead

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觅 渡

The structure above is a symbolic of messy in the world.

The sky are nolonger blue and en-lighting .

实 在 届

The auditorium inside is a solid cube of people, everyone can touch and see the big other around them.

芥子须臾

The bean is holding the whole universe, the whole universe can be put inside a bean, but also inside the belly.

畜 牲 道

The animals and plants are growing inside the under-stage,those are the paths for those non-human creature.

业 障

The paths connecting different sectors is complictaed, and are mazing people causing confusion.

赵 州

The bridge on the grassland is bring the strayed animals and human back to the true way, and Truth.

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1. The Axial View and circulation diagram of Buddha Opera House, May 2017, credits to Xu

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1. OpenHappiness at night 798 Cafe bar, Sub: Tong Hanshuang, credits to Xu

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1. Auditorium and front stage design, March 2017, Xu 1. Back stage design and machines, March 2017, Xu

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1. First and Second floor plan drawn with ACA, April 2017, Xu 2-5. Third and Fourth floor plan drawn with ACA, April 2017, Xu

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Simulation In

Pop Object/

{Emitter Mesh}

Pop S Source Object/obj/ torus_object1, Birth Rate=72

{Merged output Mesh}

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nside Houdini

Gravity

Solver

Output Mesh Mantra Render

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1. Environment render of babel flying over the street, May 2017, by Xu

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1. Installation by inflating silicon gel and sensors, May 2016, credits to Xu

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Soft Robot FOR Bio-lighting Architecture Y. Zhou, T. Xu, Z. Zhou, Y. Zhang, The Bio-Lighting Architecture (2017), T. Poopalapillai. The Future of Urban Lighting, Bitter & Loose GmbH (pp.76-79), Greven, 2017, ISBN: 978-3-9811940-7-4.

Exhibit in Fagerhult, 10 rue Chaptal, 75009 Paris, France, Nov 4-Nov 18 Final List Award in Professional Lighting Design Convention, 2017 Date: Aug 2017 - Sep 2017

Since ancient times, buildings have been acting as shelters freeing people from weathers, with artificial lighting extend time for activities. However, the rigidity of buildings and light bulbs cut people from nature. So, the possibility to combine lightning and shelter into an intellectual building prompting interaction between human and nature is evaluated. ​ Inspired by soft robotics, a remarkable material, which could be highly elastic, emit light, and pressure sensitive, is referred. Inserting chambers and channels inside, sensors and control circuit are deployed to drive the it, which could swing and bring in daylight. With this unique material, we design an Bio-lighting architecture which combines lighting, shelter and interactive installation as an “organism”.

Scan to or click to watch the video on Vimeo of Soft Robot project!

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Ultra-Sonic Sensor and Silicon Gel Actor 6 10

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1. Arduino Mega 256G 2. Bread Board 3. Electronic Control Valves 4. Air Pump 5. 8*4 Relay group 6. 8 Ultrasonic sensor 7.Covering 4*4 space 8. Inflate gel actor 9. Wrap gel actor 10.Sensor States

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Relay Controller

Valve and Air Pump Figure 1. The Circulation of installation

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1. Soft-Robot Installation verifying the effectiveness of the model, June 2016, Photo Credits to Zhou Yingyue 2. the Velves and Pipes driving the scilion gels, June 2016

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Us Sensor State [0]

Loop φ[1]

Up

[0000] [0000] [0000] [0000]

Dn

[0000] [0000] [0000] [0000]

Us Sensor State [T+1]

Loop φ[2]

... ...

Up

[0000] [0000] [0010] [0000]

Dn

[0000] [0000] [0010] [0000]

... ...

Us Sensor State [T+2]

Loop φ[T]

Figure 1. The Sonic

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Up

[0000] [0000] [0000] [0100]

Dn

[0000] [0000] [0000] [0100]

... ...

Us Sensor State [T]

Loop φ[T+1]

Up

[0000] [0001] [0000] [0000]

Dn

[0000] [0001] [0000] [0000]

Us Sensor State [T+3]

Loop φ[K]

... ...

Up

[0000] [1000] [0000] [0000]

Dn

[0000] [1000] [0000] [0000]

... ...

Sensor-Actor Loop

1-5 6-10

1-5. Soft-Robot Installation verfiying the effectiveness of the model, June 2016, Photo Credits to Zhou Yingyue 6-10. the Velves and Pipes driving the scilion gels, June 2016, https://vimeo.com/217155912

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1. The augmented cutting scenario, credits to Xu https://vimeo.com/217267759

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Augmented Reality Cutter Research Project, Paper published on DADA Proceedings 2017 Augmented Reality Cutter: A Prototype D. Wang, Y. Zhang, T. Xu and X. You, Proceedings of 2017 National Conference on Digital Technologies in Architectural Education and DADA 2017 International Conference on Digital Architecture, 2017:6 Supervised by Prof Huang Weixin Date: Sept 2017 - Dec 2017

In the traditional hand tools mature, digital tools booming today, there are many architectural design tools. For the cutting of foam model, the traditional heating wire cutting lack of accuracy, and computer modelling lack of physical feedback. In view of the present situation, we use the interactive mode of augmented reality (AR) and tangible user interface (TUI) to improve the existing modelling process, to absorb the advantages of both computer tools and hand tools, to design the precise and manual intuitive foam Model cutting tool. ​ As we run the app based on Unity 3D platform, using the image recognition based on the spatial positioning technology will match the computer model with the physical model, the gesture operation will be projected onto the computer model, and the signal through the serial port can be transmitted to the Arduino control board, the physical-level real-time cutting is achieved.

Compared to computer modelling, this cutting method is more intuitive; and compared to manual cutting, its control is more accurate. After the cutting machine prototype is completed, we test that the new cutting machine can be more accurate than the human body in the physical level cutting complex surface shape. On the basis of the prototype study, we systematically evaluated and contrasted the new interactive modelling procedure and the existing modelling procedure. And we also look forward to the more possibility of this type of interaction.

Scan to or click watch the video on Vimeo of Augumented Reality Cutter project!

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1. Tuning the step motors, April 2016, Xu 2-3. Interaction interface in Unity3D, April 2016, Wang

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1. Cutting process, Oct 2016, Xu https://vimeo.com/217267759

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1. Tangible interaction scenario, credits to Zhang, https://vimeo.com/217380767

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Tangible User Interface: Game and Application Research Project, In X-Stduio, School of Art and Design, Tsinghua University Supervised by Prof. Mi Haipeng F.Y. Zhu, T. Xu, C.J. Zhang, F. Zhang, A. Wang Date: Jun. 2015 - Sept 2015

As the development of Human Computer Interface(HCI), the meaning problem has been an issue for users and designer. One most important rule in UI design is about how to make the layout and shapes follow the instinct of the users, despite their cultural context and education background. While from a diachronic perspective, the simple and classic “play button” would mean very differently in our generation compared with those born in 1960s. And the virtual button has inherited the property of its physical counterpart.

The concept of TUIO has pushed the debate onto another level. While the virtual objects containing a specific meaning in our daily life are assigned an alternative meaning or mission with the assistance of computer, enabling the interaction between people and those new objects. It’s pretty much safe to say that the general conception and perception of people towards object would have changed revolutionary in the generation when tangible interaction had been prevalent in our society.

This time we attempt to combine these two, building a physical interaction system based and augmented by digital method, extending the playability and visionary possibility of traditional games, as a special input system of digital. And the result is exciting and playful: volunteers are actually fighting with each other over a mixed digital interface.

Scan or click to watch the video on Vimeo of Tangible User Interface project!

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The TUIO based interaction method

Figure 1. The hardware level of TUIO detection

Figure 1. The tangible intractable prototype design

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1. Rapid-prototyping process, August 2015, Xu 2. Tangible Game Scene Sept 2015, Zhang

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1. Tangible interaction scenario, credits to Zhang, https://vimeo.com/217380767

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Nantou Upload: a Tangible Monopoly Game Freelance, Exhibit in Shenzhen Bi-City BIENNALE OF URBANISM\ARCHITECTURE, Shen Zhen, Shekou Passenger Wharf Shekou Ferry, 518067 , December 2017 - March 2018 D.L. Wang, T. Xu Date: Jun. 2015 - Sept 2015 Social problem emerges as Chinese government open the trade to world and urbani z e h a s t i l y. W i t h i n o n e c i t y, o n e c o u n t r y, t h e p o l a r i z a t i o n o f p o o r a n d r i c h h a s b e c o m e m o r e s e r i o u s d a y b y d a y. T h e N a n t o u V i l l a g e , w h i c h i s o u r g a m e m a p , i s a n i m p ove r i s he d a re a a mo ng o ne o f t he r i c he s t a nd mo s t a d va nc e d me t ro p ol i t a n : S he n z he n . ​ his monopoly game aims at a solution toward this problem by driving economy through space. The playT ers would chess with each other on the role of governor, villager, developer and aliens, fighting their interests for their own sake.

Scan or click to watch the video on Vimeo of Tangible User Interface project!

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Figure 1. The tangible intractable prototype using NyAR toolkit, the diagram credits to NyAR

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1-6

1. Tag Detection with NyArtoolkit and Logitect Webcam

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Farmer.

The original owner of land and space

Enterprenure, The source of money, profit-driven

Residence, Real user of space

Figure 1. The Roles and Building types of Nantou Monopoly

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Governer, Agent of offical organiser and developer

Game Starts

Game Menu

Assign Characters [j]

Loop [T]

For i<=j, Assign Turn to Character [i], i= i+

Remove Space

Residence

Build Space

Office

Commerical

Calculation

Loop end [T+1]

If Character [i] Wins

Game Ends

Figure 1. Basic logical loop

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Skip Turn

Park

Infrastructure

Loop [T], Player[i]

Space

Residence

Shop

Loop [T], Player[i+1]

Service

Currency Balance

Figure 1. User Interface in Unity3D

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1. @ Biennial exhibition in Shen Zhen

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1. Printed Tower, by Xu

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Print Out Your Mind Freelance, T. Xu, D.L. Wang Date: Sept 2017 - Sept 2017

As the building industry rocketing in China, billions and billions of money started to flow into Architecture industry. While the absence of proper moral standard and censorship has brought up countless low quality and ugly architectures. The clients always want a unique form as the local landmark at a low price. So the project would stand out, regardless of the function and social context. Gradually, more and more design company become “fashion form” factory, producing meaningless, weird form with low cost.

The project is a sarcastic tool toward this phenomenon. It empowers the clients a rapid form generation tool effectively (around 300$ for the first time, 5$ for each following design), promising an unique form generated: a form of architecture derives directly from the clients’ very own mind. No architects needed anymore, just the mind printing tool-kit and constructors could satisfy a large part of clients in mainland China.

Scan or click to find the Github Repositories of Print Out Your Mind project!

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Convert EEG into tower form and G-Code

Algorithm for Remapping String[] lines = loadStrings(“D:/Users/Administrator/Documents/Processing/OpenBCI_Pro cessing-master/OpenBCI_GUI/SavedData/OpenBCI-RAW-2017-09-08.txt”); int last = lines.length; counter++; constrain(counter, 0, last/100-100); String curLine = lines[counter*50]; String[] list = split(curLine, “,”); String speNum = list[Rows]; Float x1 = calculation(5,2); Float y1 = calculation(5,4); Float Output = atan(Float.valueOf(speNum)/10000)*343+540; curve(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4); println(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4);

Figure 1.Raw Electroencephalography @8 Channels

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1. Printing EEG interactively, Sept 2017, Xu, https://vimeo.com/233655615 2. Printing a city composed of EEG and personal emotions, Xu 3. City composed of emotions in Rhino, Xu

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MAJOR REFERENCE Open-HAPPINESS PHASE I 1.Thomas Diewald, Pixel-flow Lib for Processing (2017), https://github.com/diwi/PixelFlow 2. Conor Russomanno, OpenBCI for processing, https://github.com/OpenBCI/OpenBCI_Processing/

Open-HAPPINESS PHASE II 1.Schulman, J., Wolski, F., Dhariwal, et al (2017). Proximal policy optimization algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06347.

2.Alarcao, S. M., & Fonseca, M. J. (2017). Emotions Recognition Using EEG Signals. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

3. Arthur Juliani, Vincent Pierre, Unity Machine Learning Agents (2017), https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/ml-agents 4.Ramirez, R., & Vamvakousis, Z. (2012). Detecting emotion from EEG signals using the emotive epoc device. Brain Informatics, 175-184 5. Dorothea Kalogianni and Richard Coyne, (2014), Thinking about sound and space, Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, , England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 185-194

SCAFFOLD OF BABEL 1.Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations, Penguin Press HC, 2008-02-28 2. Manuel DeLanda, A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity, Bloomsbury Publishing, Sept 14, 2006 3. Kevin Kelly, Out Of Control: The New Biology Of Machines, Social Systems, And The Economic World, Basic Books, Apr 30, 2009 4. Foucault, Michel (October 1984). “Des Espace Autres”. Architecture, Mouvement, Continuité. 5: 46–49

BUDDHA IN THE AGE OF Mechanical Reproduction 1. The Arcades Project, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00802-2 2.The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media, Harvard University Press.

3. The Buddhism culture and Chinese traditional culture, Litian Fang, RENMIN UNIVERSITY Press of CHINA, 2010 4.The Mustard Seed Garden Manual of Painting, A Facsimile of the 1887-1888 Shanghai Edition, Princeton University Press

SOFT ROBOT FOR BIO-LIGHTING ARCHITECTURE 1. Print-ready 3d Models by Soft robotics tool-kit, https://softroboticstoolkit.com/ 2.Decker, Martina, Soft Human Computer Interfaces - Towards Soft Robotics in Architecture, Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2,

OTHER RESEARCH WORKS ARCHIVE 1.Haipeng Mi, Actuated Tangible User Interface: An Extensible Method for Tabletop Interaction, 2012.

2. Ackerman, Constructing Knowledge and Transforming the World, 2004. Part 1. Chapt 2. pp. 15-37 3. Tang Yuyang, Du Boyi, Ding Yanhui, Exploration on Application of 3D Laser Scan Data in the Protection of Heritage BuildingsVol. 27 No. 4 4.Seamless Multi Station Merging of Tersest rial Laser Scanned, 3D Point Clouds, SHENG Ye-hua, ZHANG Ka, ZHANG Kai, WANG Yong-bo, Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, Vol. 39 No .2 5. Pierre D. Wellner , Pierre D. Wellner, Adaptive Thresholding for the DigitalDesk, 1993.