[RE[SEARCH [DIA]LOGUES
RE-CENTERING DELHI UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION Seth Salcedo
India’s rich history, long and spiritual, is finely accented by some of its most recent events: British colonialism, the Collapse of the Soviet Union, and the dismissal of Licence Raj. Advancement through these events has established India on the international scale as a major competitor that continues to grow in both wealth and culture. Under the governance of the experienced and newly-elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the country shows promise as a powerful manufacturing hub, a thriving technology center, and an attractive tourist destination. The seat of the capital,Delhi, in recent years has taken great strides toward catering to the increasing flocks of tourists both foreign and domestic by way of new infrastructure, hotels, restaurants, and the like. What’s more is that these developments occur while the country simultaneously manages to address the issues of poverty, overcrowding, and sanitation that have plagued the country for years. While PM Narendra Modi’s tenure has only just begun, India’s future is looking bright.
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INDIA’S FUTURE Newly-elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi addresses a crowd at India’s Red Fort on Independence Day and delivers words on encouragement about how to steer the country.
[I-Day speech: Let’s take a pledge to defeat poverty, says Modi, India Today, 15 August 2014.]
‘Let us walk together, think together, and make a determination to take the nation ahead together.’
PM Narendra Modi
INDIA AT LARGE A map illustrating some of India’s current highlights.
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Population > 10, 000, 000 GDP Growth > Nat. Avg. (8.0 %) Rice and Tea Region Maize and Coarse Crops Region Unemployment Rate > Nat. Avg. (4.0 %)
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ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION In 1991, following collapse of the Soviet Union—India’s major trading partner, then Prime Minister Narasimha Rao initiated the process of economic liberalization.
Ghosh, Arunabha, India’s pathway through economic crisis, GEG Working Paper 2004/06. Global Economic Governance Programme. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
P. V. Narasimha Rao, the 10th Prime Minister of India credited with spearheading economic liberalization of the 1990s.
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INDIA’S GROWING GDP As a result of economic liberalization, India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown exponentially, positioning it as the tenth largest in the world poised to be third following the United States and China by the year 2020.
[India. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2014-04-08.]
India Gross Domestic Product 80
GDP (in millions of Rupees)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
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NARENDRA MODI Narendra Modi is the 15th Prime Minister of India, sworn in on 26 May 2014. He is the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and served as Chief Minister of Gurajat state from 2001 to 2014.
[Narendra Modi is sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of India, The Times of India, 26 May 2014, Retrieved 15 August 2014.]
Photo courtesy of The Westside Story.
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GDP GROWTH RATE BY STATE Many of India’s largest states have seen steady or increasing growth rates that exceed the national average of 8.0%.
[“Planning Commission Government of India”. Planning Commission Government of India.]
> 9.5% 8.5% - 9.4% 7.5% - 8.4% 6.5% - 7.4% < 6.4%
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IMPORTS Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major imports include petroleum crude, gold & silver, electronic goods, and pearls and precious stones.
[Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trade: full list of exports, imports and partner countries, The Guardian, 22 February 2013.]
Germany $7.1 bn.
U.K. $3.3bn.
Kuwait $8.1 bn.
China $28 bn.
Qatar $8.1 bn.
Imports $235 bn.
Iraq $9.8 bn.
UAE $19.6 bn. Switzerland $10.7 bn.
U.S. $12.2 bn.
Saudia Arabia $16 bn.
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EXPORTS Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major exports include petroleum products, gems & jewelery, pharma products, and transport equipment.
[Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trade: full list of exports, imports and partner countries, The Guardian, 22 February 2013.]
Germany $3.4 bn.
Brazil $3 bn.
U.K. $4.1 bn.
U.S. $19.7 bn.
Netherlands $4.4 bn.
Saudia Arabia $4.6 bn.
Exports $142 bn.
Hong Kong $6.1 bn.
China $6.4 bn.
UAE $18.6 bn. Singapore $6.6 bn.
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s national unemployment has been increasing over recent years largely as a result of the decrease within the Industry Sector across the country. As of 2014, it is 3.8% but is suspected to increase.
[Unemployment levels rising in India, experts say, The Times of India, 26 January 2014.]
< 3% 3.0% - 4.0% 4.1% - 5.0% 5.1% - 7.5% 7.5% - 10.0% > 10.1% no information
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RATES BY STATE 10 LITERACY Across the country literacy rates have
improved, increasing the National percentage, largely as a result of the development of schools throughout the country.
[Census 2011, Chapter 6 (State of Literacy), p.14, Government of India. 2011.]
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FREEDOM 11 ECONOMIC A chart describing the index of development of economic freedom by state.
[Livelihoods and Employment, Delhi Human Development Report, National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2013]
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GROWTH 12 ECONOMIC How have states handled the liberalized economy?
[Livelihoods and Employment, Delhi Human Development Report, National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2013]
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FORCE 13 LABOR As of 2012, Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s labor force was roughly 487 million workers, second only to Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 785 million. However, more than 94% of these workers participate in unorganized labor.
[Planning Commission of India, Labour Laws and Other Labour Regulations, The Government of India (2007).]
India Labor Force
Unorganized Sector
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OF LABOR 14 DIVISIONS India tracks its economy and GDP through three sectors; Agriculture
that includes crops, horticulture milk and animal husbandry; Industry as manufacturing, electricity, and its sub sectors, and Services made up of construction, retail, IT, hospitality and infrastructure operations among others.
[Indian Economy, Government of India (2013)]
AGRICULTURE
18.2%
INDUSTRY
24.8%
SERVICE
57%
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DATA 15 HOUSEHOLD India and Delhi are densly populated with a high percentage of the population living multiple families per household. Still a young population, India is well situated for decades of continued economic growth and rising standards of living.
[Census of India, Government of India (2011)]
50th percentile 12
75th percentile 90th percentile
8
Upper Class
4 %0
#1
2
3
4
5
W.Bank Mid Class
India Delhi 6 7-10 11-14 15+
95th percentile 99th percentile Mean
Household Size
Mean Household Inco
2011 TOTAL: 252,600
2005
28
21%
None
24
20%
1-4 Standard
20
36%
5-9 Standard
10%
10-12 Standard
16
Some College 13%
12
W.Bank Mid Class
8
Mean
4 %0
College Graduate
#1
2
3
4
5
India Delhi 6 7-10 11-14 15+
2005 - IHDS
Household Class Dist 2001 - 2011
Age Distribution
2011 TOTAL: INDIA - 1,210,854,977 TOTAL: DELHI - 16,787,941
Number of Households
28
140
24
120
20
100
16
80
12
60
8
40
4 %0
India Delhi 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Census of India, 2001 & 2011
20 0 TOTAL
2001 193,100
Distribution of Expenditures 2005 India - Average Income: 65,041 Rs
Routine Expenditures Average: 48,558 Rs
Non-Routine E
Average: 7,
Ot 10
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LEVELS 16 INCOME Around 50% of Indian households are considered to be of the Middle Class or higher with education levels significantly contributing to income. However, even if one is considered Upper Class in India, often they often exist below a level of income considered average world â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;middle classâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by the World Bank.
[IHDS, Univeristy of Maryland (2004-5)]
Urban Household Income Distribution (Rs)
India Delhi 10 11-14 15+
India Delhi 10 11-14 15+
AL: DELHI - 16,787,941
Poverty
2005
Lower Class 1st percentile 5th percentile
11,500
10th percentile
17,000
25th percentile
28,873
Middle Class
45,000
50th percentile
51,200
75th percentile
94,800
90th percentile
152,000
Upper Class
180,000
2005
0 1,200
W.Bank Mid Class
200,000
95th percentile 99th percentile Mean
210,000 396,000 75,266
India
Delhi
Mean Household Income - Education Level (Rs) 2005 21%
None
21,734
20%
1-4 Standard
25,984
36%
5-9 Standard
35,718
10%
10-12 Standard
53,982
Some College 13%
69,230
College Graduate
114,004
W.Bank Mid Class
200,000
Mean
2005 - IHDS
47,804
2005 - IHDS
Household Class Distribution 2001 - 2011
Number of Households 140 120
Percentage of Households Middle
70 60
M
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DISTRIBUTION 17 CLASS Many of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s household have seen an improved standard of living in
the past decade with the Middle and Upper classes growing in number while the number of lower class hoseholds have decreased. However, as a percentage of the whole, the Middle Class has decreased, representing a potential roadblocks to economic betterment.
[Census of India, Government of India (2001 & 2011)]
Some College
51,200 13%
94,800
W.Bank Mid Class
180,000
Mean
200,000 India 5
6
College Graduate
152,000
210,000 Delhi 7-10 11-14 15+ 396,000 75,266
India
69,230 114,004 200,000 47,804
2005 - IHDS
Household Class Distribution 2001 - 2011
Number of Households
854,977 TOTAL: DELHI - 16,787,941 Income - Education Level (Rs)
Delhi
Middle
21,734
140
25,984
120
60
100
50
35,718 53,982 69,230
Lower 60
30
200,000
Upper
47,804 India Delhi
Distribution
9 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+
40
20
20
10
0 TOTAL
lds
2011 252,600
2001 193,100
Percentage of Households
enditures
e: 65,041 Rs
Middle
70
Expenditures
ge: 48,558 Rs
Average: 7,926 Rs
Lower Savings 25% Upper Non-Routine Expenditures 12%
30 20 10
2011 252,600
0 TOTAL
Durables 3%
Religious
Travel 4% Education 8% Lower
Ceremonies 52%
Hinduism 80%
Upper Medical 52%
2001 193,100
2011 252,600
Demographics 2005 NCAER-CMCR
ne Expenditures
age: 7,926 Rs
Other 10%
2001 193,100
Middle
Other 10%
40
0 TOTAL
Demographics
Non-Routine Expenditures
60 50
Others
70
40
80
114,004
hing 7% %
Percentage of Househo
2005 - IHDS
Travel 4%
2011 Ce
Religious Groups
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EXPENDITURES 18 HOUSEHOLD Food is by far the greatest household expenditure in India with
medical care acting as another major expense. Amazingly, the avarage household savings rate is 25% across the nation perhaps representing the uncertainty of future income security or a mindset of planning for long term investments.
[NCAER, Center for Macro Consumer Research (2010)]
200,000
W.Bank Mid Class 8
5
India Delhi 6 7-10 11-14 15+
40
47,804
Mean 4
2005 - IHDS
%0
0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 Household Class Distribution
80+
Census of India, 2001 & 2011 2001 - 2011
0,854,977 TOTAL: DELHI - 16,787,941
20
India Delhi
Number of Households 140
Middle
70
Routine Expenditures Average: 48,558 Rs
120
2001 193,100
Percentage of Househ
Distribution of Expenditures 2005 India - Average Income: 65,041 Rs
0 TOTAL
Non-Routine
Averag
60
100
50 40
80 Lower 60
Food 32%
Savings 25% Upper Non-Routine Expenditures 12%
40
India Delhi
39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+
1
20
Others Transport 0 7% Clothing 7% Health + Housing 2001 TOTAL 193,100 4% 4%
20 10
2011 252,600
Durables 3%
Education 5%
penditures
30
0 TOTAL
Ceremonies 52%
2001 193,100
Demographics
me: 65,041 Rs
2005 NCAER-CMCR
Non-Routine Expenditures
Expenditures
Average: 7,926 Rs
age: 48,558 Rs
Other 10%
Travel 4% Education 8%
Savings 25% Non-Routine Expenditures 12%
Religiou
Hinduism 80%
Ceremonies 52% Medical 52%
Others othing 7%
4% Durables 3% 2005 NCAER-CMCR
2011 C
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MODI’S ‘5F’ FORMULA 19 PM ‘This policy Modi said will help furthering the growth of textile sector in the economy. ‘Nobody has a textile policy like us. It is based on five Fs. Farm to fibre; fibre to factory; factory to fashion; fashion to foreign,’ said Modi.’
[Narendra Modi’s 7 solutions to some economic issues, The Economic Times, 2013]
Farm to Fibre Fibre to Factory; Factory to Fashion; Fashion to Foreign.
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AID 20 FOREIGN Bill Gates, speaking on behalf of the Bill and Melinda gates Foundation, traveled to India to develop a partnership with the Indian government that aims to clean up the country and to attend the inauguration ceremony of the Indian Newborn Action Plan (INAP).
[Bill Gates meets Narendra Modi in Delhi, DNA, 19 September 2014.]
‘We are thrilled to see the ministers’ and the Prime Minister’s commitment for providing great sanitation. We totally agree in that cause and are very excited to be a partner to the ministry looking at new technologies which should be very helpful. It is a start of a strong partnership.’ Bill Gates
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21 POVERTY Despite conflicting reports, the average estimated poverty rate of India is between 22% and 29% or roughly 300,000,000 people.
[30% of India is poor, says Rangarajan panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new poverty line formula. The First Post. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-07. Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line. Reserve Bank of India. 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2014.]
Photo courtesy of Glen Cooper photography.
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IN DELHI 22 POVERTY Poverty in Delhi accounts for 9.9% of the the population. While this is considered low in India, it is frequently contested to be a gross underestimation of the actual level of poverty.
[Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line, Reserve Bank of India. 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014.]
9.9%
Many people believe the statistics on poverty to be grossly underestimated in an effort to improve the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public opinion.
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LABOR 23 CHILD Despite the 1986 Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 2001 census data reports the number of child laborers (between the ages of 5-14) at just over 100,000. The total child population is of 250,000,000.
[Ministry of Labour & Employment, Child Labour, Government of India, 2014.]
Photo courtesy of GMB Akash.
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ON POVERTY 24 MODI Poverty in Delhi accounts for 9.9% of the the population. While this is considered low in India, it is frequently contested to be a gross underestimation of the actual level of poverty.
[Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line, Reserve Bank of India. 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014. I-Day speech: Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take a pledge to defeat poverty, says Modi, India Today, 15 August 2014.]
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The strength of the saviour is much more than the strength of the person who kills. Lets unite to fight poverty.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
PM Narendra Modi
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IN THE LABOR FORCE 25 WOMEN From 2005-06, women were estimated to make up 30% of the total
number of economically active individuals. As of 2010, this participation rate has fallen to 30%.
[World Economic Forum, The Global Gender Gap Report (2013).]
30%
Women in the Labor Force
is the key to women empowerment.
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EMPOWERMENT 26 WOMEN PM Narendra Modi has said that
the education of a girl child
[Girl child education key to women empowerment, says Narendra Modi, DNA, 21 September 2014.]
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The dignity of a woman is our collective responsibility. The main issue is the education of the girl child. By doing so, the possibility of empowerment of women will increase.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
PM Narendra Modi
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27 CORRUPTION In 2008, a Transparency International study found that 40% of those surveyed had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office.
A 2006 study alleged that India tops the worldwide list for black money with almost $1,456 billion stashed in Swiss banks, 13 times the country’s total external debt. The allegations were denied.
[ Transparency International India. “India Corruption Study 2005” (PDF). Centre for Media Studies. Archived from the original on 15 April 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-14. Kuldip Nayar (4 February 2011). “Laundering black money”. Deccan Herald. India. Retrieved 2011-02-06.]
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POWER OF P4 28 THE PM Modi promotes the opinion of the public and encourages the masses to use their voices.
[Narendra Modiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 7 solutions to some economic issues, The Economic Times, 2013]
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;People should get a chance to speak before a government decision is taken. This will make people feel like they have had a role to play. Wherever possible we should take the consent of people. This will speed up the pace of development.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; PM Narendra Modi
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LANDSCAPE 29 DELHI’S A map of Delhi’s most notable highlights.
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IN CONTEXT 30 DELHI Located amongest other larger states, Delhiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s geographical position is the crux of many major issues India has.
Delhi
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POPULATION 31 DELHI’S Larger populations in Delhi’s northwest, south, west, and southwest districts reflect portions of the labor force involved in manufacturing. Those numbers have begun to shift, describing a gradual migration towards Delhi’s capital center.
[Census of Delhi 2011, Government of India , 2011]
Central New Delhi North North West East
North East
South
South West West
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FORCE IN DELHI 32 LABOR Delhiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) as of the 68th Round conducted by the NSSO was calculated to be 35%.
The LFPR is a percentage of persons in the labor force relative to the total population.
[68th Round, NSSO 2011-12.]
Delhi
15% of the labor force consists of women.
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AND THE LABOR FORCE IN DELHI 33 EDUCATION More than 30% of unemployed persons registered in employment exchange in Delhi had educational qualification of graduation and above during 2011.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13.)
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34 MIGRATION Migration to Delhi has been a now-declining, popular trend for several
decades. It is estimated that about 75,000 persons migrate to Delhi per year. A recent study puts the mirgant population of Delhi at 4.6%. A large portion of migrants come to Delhi pursuing education and skills training.
[Livelihoods and Employment, Delhi Human Development Report, National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2013]
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GROWTH OF DELHI 35 ECONOMIC Following a sharp decline in the growth rate from 2008-09, Delhi has
maintained a Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) rate of ~9.1%â&#x20AC;&#x201D; higher than the declining national rate.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
14 12 Delhi
10 8 6
India
4 2 0 05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
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CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATIONAL GDP 36 DELHI’S Despite its size relative to other states, Delhi’s contribution to India’s national GDP is substantial. 4.7% of India’s GDP comes from Delhi.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
4.7%
DELHI INDIA
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OF SERVICE SECTOR JOBS 37 DISTRIBUTION Delhiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s adoption of tourism economy is clear.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
COMMUNITY, SOCIAL, PERSONAL SERVICES INDUSTRY RETAIL TRADE RESTAURANTS HOTELS
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DIVISION OF LABOR 38 STATE-WISE Aside from being the capital state of India,
Delhi has further distinguished itself from other states by moving increasingly towards a service-oriented form of revenue generation.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
Largest State GDPs vs Delhi 2014 Uttar Pradesh 199, 581, 477 m AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY SERVICE
44% 11.2% 44.8%
Tamil Nadu 72, 147, 030 m AGRICULTURE
21%
INDUSTRY
34%
SERVICE
45%
AGRICULTURE
24%
West Bengal 91, 347, 736 m
INDUSTRY
18.2%
SERVICE
57.8%
Delhi 17, 200, 000 m AGRICULTURE
1%
INDUSTRY
13.5%
SERVICE
85.5%
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OF DELHI 39 GOVERNMENT The Government of Delhi is
the governing authority of the Indian national capital territory of Delhi and its 9 districts. It consists of an executive, a judiciary, and a legislative. The current Governor is Lt. Najeeb Jung.
[â&#x20AC;&#x153;Government of Delhi,â&#x20AC;&#x153; last modified 2014, www.delhi.gov.in.]
The Secretariat Building houses Ministries of Defence, Finance, Home Affairs and External Affairs. It also houses the Prime Ministers office. Image courtesy of Wikipedia.
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EMPLOYMENT IN DELHI 40 GOVERNMENT Of the above mentioned 35% LFPR rate, 58% work for either the Central Government or quasi-Central bodies. 28% of them for the State or quasi-State government.
[DGET, Annual Employment Review, 2000-11.]
CENTRAL
20 m.
DELHI GOV.
10.2 m.
QUAIS GOV.
10.7 m.
LOCAL BODIES PRIVATE
8.3 m. 20.5 m.
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PLACE, NEW DELHI 41 CONNAUGHT Connaught Place serves as the financial district in New Delhi. It was originally developed by Edwin Lutyen in the early 19th century as a show piece of his Delhi.
Connaught Place
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IN DELHI 42 TOURISM Following attacks on Indian women and foreigners, the rate of tourism has slowed down since 2010, suggesting Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s popularity as a destination is gradually decreasing.
[Tourism Survey in the State of Delhi: Annual Final Report,Ministry of Tourism, Department of Tourism, Government of India, 2013.]
Declining Growth 15% 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
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HUMBLE INVITATION 43 APrime Minister Narendra Modi, in a light-hearted appeal to Westerners, offers a glimpse of the realities of India for those willing.
Discussions have been begun and efforts made toward adopting the United States as a Visa-on-Arrival (VoA) partner that would allow for in-country, 30-day tourist visas to be acquired upon arrival.
[Modi offers the West power-cut tourism, The Times of India, 4 September 2014.]
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;I invite you to come to India, live in our homes, and experience first-hand what a wonderful experience a power-cut can be.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
PM Narendra Modi
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DISPARITY 44 TOURISM Research regarding popular tourist sites reveal cultural disparities between foreign and domestic tourists.
[Tourism Survey in the State of Delhi: Annual Final Report,Ministry of Tourism, Department of Tourism, Government of India, 2010.]
Red Fort
5
15 30 60
Humayunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tomb
5
FOREIGN TOURISTS DOMESTIC TOURISTS
15 30 60
5
15
30
60
500
1500
3000
6000
(x100)
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OVERLAP 45 UNEXPECTED Conversely, arguably less significant sites see comparable traffic from both domestic and foreign tourists.
[Tourism Survey in the State of Delhi: Annual Final Report,Ministry of Tourism, Department of Tourism, Government of India, 2010.]
Gurudwara Bangla Shahib
5
15 30 60
5
15 30 60
Rail Museum
FOREIGN TOURISTS DOMESTIC TOURISTS
5
15
30
60
500
1500
3000
6000
(x100)
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OF INDUSTRY SECTOR 46 DIVISION Following a sharp decline in the growth rate from 2008-09, Delhi has
maintained a Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) rate of ~9.1%â&#x20AC;&#x201D; higher than the declining national rate.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION WHOLESALE TRADE
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IN INDIA’ 47 ‘MAKE Following a sharp decline in the growth rate from 2008-09, Delhi has
maintained a Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) rate of ~9.1%— higher than the declining national rate.
[‘Make in India’ drive to boost manufacturing, The Time of India, 30 August 2014.]
‘We want to give the world an favourable opportunity that come here, ‘Come, Make in India’ and we will say to the world, from electrical to electronics, ‘Come, Make in India’, from automobiles to agro value addition ‘Come, Make in India’, paper or plastic, ‘Come, Make in India’, satellite or submarine ‘Come, Make in India.’
PM Narendra Modi
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IN DELHI 48 INDUSTRY Industry in Delhi has been on the decline. Manufacturing of all goods with the exception of tobacco products have showed marked decreases since at latest 2011.
[Government of National Capital Terrirtory of Delhi, Index of Industrial Production, 2012 .)
Sector IIP Comparison
Manufacturing 2011 2012 Electricity 2011 2012 General Index 2011 2012
0
32
64
96
128
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TO READ THE IIP 49 HOW The IIP helps to qualify progress against previous, marked years.
[Index of Industrial Production, Government of the National Capital Terriroty of Delhi, April 2012.]
Index of Industrial Production 2011-12 The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index for India which details out the growth of various sectors in an economy such as mining, electricity and manufacturing. The level of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an abstract number, the magnitude of which represents the status of production in the industrial sector for a given period of time as compared to a reference period of time.
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GROUP IIP GROWTH 50 MAJOR As recently as the 2011-2012 fiscal year, once prominent factions
of manufacturing have been greatly reduced suggesting that India has either find a way to invite new manufacturing ventures or an entirely new means of income.
[Economic Survey of Delhi, 2012-13]
Major Group IIP Comparison 2011-12 500 Publications
400 Basic Metals 300
Textiles 200
Motor Vehicles Food Products
100
2011
2012
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VS. EMPLOYEES BY DISTRICT (1/2) 51 ENTERPRISES A comparison of sector enterprises and their employee count makes it
clear that New Delhi is not only an outlier but an example of possible things to come.
[Report on Fifth Economic Census 2005 in Delhi, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2005)
South
North West
East
Central
DISTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
INDUSTRY
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
SERVICE
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52 ENTERPRISES VS EMPLOYEES BY DISTRICT (2/2)
[Report on Fifth Economic Census 2005 in Delhi, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2005)
West
South West
North East
North
New Delhi
DISTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
INDUSTRY
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
SERVICE
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AGRICULTURE IN DELHI 53 WANING Agriculture and its allied industries have been declining in the Delhi
region for some time now as the state has been gearing itself toward the increasing trends in tourism.
[Economic Survey of Delhi , 2012-13]
AGRICULTURAL
0.34%
NON-AGRICULTURAL 99.66%
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FUTURE 54 AWithCOLLECTIVE PM Modi at the helm of the collective effort that is India on its joruney into the future, the country has plenty to look forward to.
[I-Day speech: Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take a pledge to defeat poverty, says Modi, India Today, 15 August 2014.]
‘Everything is not for us. There are something things that should be for the nation. Let’s think beyond ‘what about me’ and look at the nation.’
Narendra Modi