The Yamuna River Project: Najafgarh Drain

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THE YAMUNA RIVER PROJECT RE-CENTERING DELHI RESEARCH STUDIO PHASE 2:

NAJAFGARH DRAIN 3010/4010 7010/8010 Vertical Studio Fall 2016 6 credits Monday/Friday 1:00-5:00 Wednesday 1:00-2:30

Iñaki Alday, Quesada Professor of Architecture Pankaj Vir Gupta, Professor of Architecture


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Project Team Guest Advisors and Collaborators Haritha Bhairavabhatla John Echeverri-Gent Dan Ehnbom Guoping Huang Margarita Jover Jeff Legro Esther Lorenz Karen McGlathery Christian McMillen Charlie Menefee Brian Owensby Luis Pancorbo Matt Reidenbach Justin Safarik Liz Rogawski Peter Waldman

Urban and Environmental Planning Politics Art History Urban and Environmental Planning Architecture Politics and Vice Provost for Global Affairs Architecture Env. Sciences and Assoc. VP for Research History Architecture History and Director, CGII Architecture Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences Public Health Architecture

Faculty IĂąaki Alday, Quesada Professor of Architecture Pankaj Vir Gupta, Professor of Architecture

Students Joshua Aronson Salvatrice Aul Fiorella Barreto Aleksander De Mott Elizabeth Dorton Sosa Erhabor Laurence Holland Meng Huang Audrey Hughes Sophie Mattinson Tianning Miao Lemara Miftakhova Andrew Morrell July Qiu Katie Salata Benjamin DiNapoli 2

MArch 17 BSArch 17 BSArch 17 BSArch 17 BSArch 18 BSArch 17 MArch 17 MArch 18 BSArch 17 BSArch 17 MArch 18 MArch 18 MArch 18 MLA 17 BSArch 18 Research Assistant, BSArch 17


PROJECT TEAM

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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The Yamuna River Project

The University of Virginia’s Yamuna River Project is a long-term, interdisciplinary research program whose objective is to revitalize the ecology of the Yamuna River in the Delhi area, and to open the city to the river. Iñaki Alday – Quesada Professor of Architecture and Principal, aldayjover architecture and landscape -- and Pankaj Vir Gupta -- Professor of Architecture and Principal, Vir Mueller Architects/Delhi -- initiated the project with a series of research studios beginning in 2013-14. The outcome was Re-Centering Delhi, an award-winning vision of Delhi’s Yamuna that rejuvenates the local environment, improves local infrastructure, and reorients patterns of urban settlement in order to ameliorate the lives of local residents and enhance public access to Delhi’s culturally and ecologically vital Yamuna River. Currently, phase two of the Yamuna River Project involves an interdisciplinary team from the University of Virginia with expertise in architecture, land planning, civil engineering, environmental science, public-private partnerships, anthropology, political science, history, and cultural studies. The team’s objective is to engage the efforts of government agencies, experts and activists in an ongoing program to address the multidimensional challenges posed by the vision of Re-Centering Delhi. The signing of a memorandum of understanding with the Delhi Jal Board on July 12, 2016 makes revitalizing the ecology of the Najafgarh drain, the source of 60% of Yamuna’s pollution in the Delhi area, an important focus of phase two. Over the longer term, the Yamuna Project’s objective is to build a publicly accessible body of information and expertise that will catalyze efforts to reinvigorate the Yamuna’s ecological system in Delhi and recover the relation between the city and its sacred river.

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THE YAMUNA RIVER PROJECT Ashish Jain Mr. Anshuman Gp. Capt. Rajiv Seth Syamal Sarkar

Leena Srivastava

Ranjana Ray Chaudhuri

Prateek Sharma

Philip Oldenburg

Fawzia Tarannum

C.T. Dhanya

3A 4A

1N 2N 3N 4N 5N (NGO) 6N (NGO) 7N (NGO) 8N

Alstom Transport Harsh Vardhan Jain Architects MRIDA Renergy + Development Sikorsky India Yamuna Jiye Abhiyaan Center for Policy Research Down to Earth, Center for Science and Evnironment (CSE) Toxic Links

2A

1A

ACADEMIC

1A 2A 3A 4A Arun Nagpal

Sumedha Chakma

AIIMS Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi South Asia Institute, Columbia University Teri University

Harsh Jain 1G 2G 3G 4G

Bharat Salhotra

Bharat Wakhlu

3N

2N 1N

4N

Misra

THE YAMUNA

5N

INDEPENDENT+ NGO’s

6N

Naik

RIVER PROJECT

Delhi Jal Board Government of India Indian Pollution Control Association Ministry of Water Resources

GOVERNMENTAL

Dr. Amarj

4G

INDIA STATE PARTNERS AND CONTACTS

3G

7N

Ashok K. Kesh

nsha Roy 8N

2G 1G

Predip Saha

A.K. Gosain Dr. Vandana Sinha

Keshav Chandra, CEO

Amitabh Kumar 1F 2F

Prathama Banerjee 3F Shyam Khadka

4F

FOUNDATIONS+ INSTITUTIONS

5F

Madhu Krishna

14F 13F

6F Amita Baviskar 8F

George Mathew Ash Narain Roy

Bhaskar Goswami

12F

7F Om Prakash Mathur

Dr. Syamal Sarkar

Rajish Nair Shanti Dahal

11F 9F

10F

Suneel Padale

1F 2F 3F 4F 5F 6F 7F 8F 9F 10F 11F 12F 13F 14F

Center for Art and Archeology, Ameri Center for Social Research Centre for Studies in Developing Soci Food and Agriculture Organization of Gates Foundation Institute of Economic Growth Institute of Social Sciences Institute of Social Studies Public Health Foundation of India Water Sanitation and Hygiene Institu The World Bank UNDP United Nations TERI (The Energy and Resources Instit

Prabhjot Sodhi Buke Yildiz

Alka Narang Rajish Balasubramanian Jun Matsumoto

Himanshu Vats Manish Kakkar

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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Design-Research Methodology

The studio is organized as a lab, with two research directors (faculty) and fifteen team members working in different group configurations and individually, exerting individual agency while pushing a collective endeavor. The individual creativity, interests and abilities are focused in identifying the critical issues and propose the best comprehensive answers. Each student is challenged to face the entire complexity and produce unique responses, responsible and adventurous at the same time. The current team builds on the knowledge produced by the previous generations of the Re-Centering Delhi Research Studio. The methodology is organized in 3 main steps: Search, Research (multi-scale Design Research) and Evaluation. It is critical to note that this series of steps are not cleanly delimited and there are overlapping and a process of going back and for. The design process is not linear when searching for information, speculating, proposing, testing and evaluating. From each of these moments, the design process moves to the next and, almost always, to the previous at the same time. Similarly, the scales of design are multiple and the process includes the movement from each one to the more detailed and the more general alternatively, if not simultaneously. The expected outcome is a collective design research that produces a coherent proposition of multiple coordinated pieces, a common strategic plan and individual/small team specific propositions for specific sites/situations. Each of the last ones is a test of the critical interventions necessary to implement the strategic plan and a first detailed design response.

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SPECULATION schematic research

INTRODUCTION analysis + site mapping EVALUATION design development and testing

COMMUNICATION

INTERVENTIONS

STRATEGIC PLAN

THE YAMUNA R

RE-CEN

date room event

1

W F

24 26

B-Sh B-Sh

studio intro / identification of main topics lecture: mapping / Delhi analysis (team)

M W F

29 31 2

B-Sh

deskcrits graphic stardards discussion lecture: rivers + human settlement

3

M W F

5 7 9

B-Sh Labor Day (class)

PIN-UP: Delhi/ Najafgarh Drain mapping Readings debate 1 Readings debate 2 / speculative vision (team)

4

M W F

12 14 16

B-Sh PVG - visit PVG - visit B-Sh PVG - visit

discussion with Pankaj Vir Gupta deskcrits PIN-UP: speculative vision for the drain

5

M W F

19 21 23

B-Sh

lecture: urban project / test projects Topical workshops w. guests (history, env sc) deskcrits

6

M W F

26 28 30

B-Sh

M W F

3 5 7

M W F

10 12 14

9

M W F

17 19 21

10

M W F

24 26 28

drain master plan + comprehensive Delhi vision independent work independent work

M W F

31 2 4

studio charrette - deskcrits deskcrits deskcrits

12

M W F

7 9 11

13

M W F

14 16 18

14

M W F

21 23 25

15

M W DEC F

28 30 2

16

M W F

5 7 9

Last day of classes

deskcrits -

17

F

116 405

PVG - visit

FINAL REVIEW YAMUNA SYMPOSIUM

AUG

2 SEP

OCT

8

11 NOV

FINAL DEVELOPMENT design coordination

METHODOLOGY

The Univers School of A Fall

wk. mon. day

7

SYNTHESIS reviews

RE-SEARCH

PRECEDENTS

DESIGN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

B-Sh

IA - travelling IA - travelling

PIN-UP: test projects independent work independent work

Site visit / Fall break Site visit Site visit

site visit / New Delhi - Sat.1 - Sun. 9 -

B-Sh

deskcrits studio charrette deskcrits

B-Sh

deskcrits deskcrits PIN-UP / drain master plan + test projects

B-Sh PVG - visit PVG - visit PVG - visit

205

IA - travelling IA - travelling

Thanksgiving break Thanksgiving break

DEL

studio schedule

MID-REVIEW deskcrits deskcrits - studio charrette - Woltz Symposium independent work independent work PIN-UP deskcrits all studio exhibition workshop all studio exhibition workshop all studio exhibition presentation

302

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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Delhi, the Yamuna and the Najafgahr

The XXI century has been described as the century of the cities. With 22 million inhabitants, Delhi is the second most populous city in the world, and the first in the developing world. With the Yamuna River as its anchor, Delhi has served as a capital city for over eight centuries – for the Mughal Empire, the British Raj, and for post-independence India. The construction of the British capital initiated the change in the relation between the river and the city, severing the traditional spatial interdependence. The dramatic contemporary situation is thus that of a sacred river, with polluted waters, crossing a forgotten floodplain, cut and encroached by haphazard infrastructure, illegally occupied and exploited, and one from which the city, uncharitably, now looks away. The cleansing of the rivers and the transformation of 100 river cities is one of the main political priorities of the country, as stated by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. The Najafgarh Drain is the first tributary of the Yamuna River in Delhi and its first source of flow after the Wazirabad Barrage, where 100% of the water coming from the Himalayans is captured for drinking. With 58 kms in the national Capital Territory of Delhi, currently brings the 60% of the pollution to the river after crossing different neighborhoods and agricultural territories of the metropolis. While the Delhi Jal Board is committed to address the specific aspect of the sewage infrastructure, a number of questions remain without answer. The thesis of this investigation states that the ecological water crisis is the result of 150 years of neglect of the water bodies in the urban development of Delhi. Only through addressing the complexity of the urban phenomena, the social and ecological crisis that water manifests can be solved. This focused lens provides the opportunity to work in the different urban and landscape fabrics, searching for a new vision about the role of this tributary and for innovative proposals in the most acute transect of the city and its water system.

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DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

CURRENT STUDIO SITES OF STUDY RESEARCH SCALE URBAN ZOOM PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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View of Delhi from the river showing the King's Palace VOLUME 3, THE INDIAN EMPIRE Robert Montgomery Martin, c. 1860

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“View of Delhi from the River Shewing the King's Palace”


alace�

DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

Bank of the Yamuna River RE-CENTERING DELI RESEARCH TEAM October 2014

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

Re-centering Delhi Research Team

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Water Quality and Sources

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DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

WATER SOURCES + TREATMENT PLANTS

YAMUNA RIVER

WAZIRABAD POND 229 MGD

CHANDRAWAL WTP

BAWANA WTP

WAZIRABAD WTP

HAIDERPUR WTP

DELHI BRANCH (KACHA CANAL)

266 MGD

BHAGIRATHI WTP

NANGLOI WTP

OKHLA WTP DWARKA WTP

MUNAK CANAL 78 MGD

SONIA VIHAR WTP

UPPER GANGA CANAL 248 MGD

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS Sewage

Kanjhawala/ Bahana

Roh 15

RITHALA

80 MGD x 56% TOTALS Existing Capacity

664 MGD*

Sewage Generated

617 MGD

Sewage Treated

341 MGD

Sewage Not Treated

254 MGD

Capacity DeďŹ cit

47 MGD

Planned Expansion

140 MGD

Bakkarwala .66 MGD

NILOTHI

40 MGD x 33%

Drainage Area Sewered Area Unsewered Area

Najafgarh 5 MGD

Dwark

*MGD = millions of gallons per day

Najafgarh

Kapashera 5 MGD

PAPPANKALAN UNTREATED SEWAGE BY AREA Rohini/Rithala Najafgarh Coronation Pillar Kanjhawala/Bawana Shahdara Nilothi Narela South Delhi Outer South Delhi Keshopur Dwarka Okhla

14

0

10 km

47.65 MGD 42.2 MGD 35.8 MGD 35.5 MGD 34.4 MGD 31.7 MGD 25 MGD 16 MGD 10 MGD 8.7 MGD 8.4 MGD 0.0 MGD

40 MGD x 75%

KESHOP 72 MGD x


DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

Narela 10 MGD

Narela

CORONATION

Coronation Pillar

hini MGD

Rohini/ Rithala

40 MGD x 48%

YAMUNA VIH

Timarpur 6 MGD

Nilothi

45 MGD x 70% Shahdara

Delhi Gate Nalla 17.2 MGD

Keshopur

Sen Nursing Home Nalla 2.2 MGD

ka

Comm. Games Village

KONDLI

90 MGD x 39% Chilla

Okhla

OKHLA

a

170 MGD x 75%

Vasant Kunj 5 MGD

South Delhi Ghitorni

Mehrauli 5 MGD

5 MGD

PUR

74%

Molarbandh .66 MGD

Outer South Delhi

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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Waste and Air AIR POLLUTION

DELHI Wazirabad Barrage // 0 km Discharge: 1.5 m3/sec

EXCELLENT

20.68

Najafgarh Drain // 0.3 km

0.07

Magazine Road Drain // 1.5 km

0.13

Sweeper Colony Drain // 1.8 km

0.13

Khyber Pass Drain // 3.6 km

0.09

Methalf House Drain // 4.2 km

0.39

Qudsia Bagh Drain // 5.7 km

0.09

Tonga Stand Drain // 6.3 km

0.001

Moat Drain // 6.6 km

MODERATELY POLLUTED

0.52

Civil Mill Drain // 7.2 km

0.56

Delhi Gate Drain // 9.0 km

HEAVILY POLLUTED

1.01

S.N. Home Drain // 12.0 km

0.04

Drain No-12 // 13.5 km

0.37

Drain No-14 // 14.1 km

0-35 μg/m³

GOOD

35-75 μg/m³

SLIGHTLY POLLUTED 75-115 μg/m³

115-150 μg/m³

150-250 μg/m³

SEVERELY POLLUTED

1.35

250-500 μg/m³

0.74

BEYOND THE INDEX

ra

Ag

>500 μg/m³

Barapulla Drain // 15.6 km

Maharani Bagh Drain // 18.0 km

l

na

Ca

30.00

Hindon Cut

BEIJING

WASTEWATER NUMBER OF DAYS IN PAST FOUR MONTHS

Okhla Barrage // 22.0 km Discharge: 55.67 m3/sec

'(/+, 6 /$5*(67 /$1'),//6 +(,*+7

0(7(56

0(7(56

*+$=,385

%+$/6:$

0(7(56

2.+/$

0(7(56

0(7(56

1$5(/$ %$:$1$ $3$570(17 %8,/',1*

/$1' 0$66 64 0(7(56

16

0

10 km

64 0(7(56

64 0(7(56

64 0(7(56

64 0(7(56


DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

BHALSWA

SERVES 50.3% POPULATION 51 ACRES

GHAZIPUR

SERVES 30% POPULATION 71 ACRES

OKHLA

SERVES 18% POPULATION 40 ACRES

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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DELHI DENSITY MAP

Density

Fair Proportions of Land and Density *2011 Census Data

-21,708

SW

5,446

437,198

-2.07

211,206

-225,992

S

11,060

257,837

-1.02

252,781

-5,056

Regional Map of Delhi

-2.78

+2.40

+1.73

+2.45

+3.19

+1.28

-1.37

252,781

211,206

12,127

162,403

203,423

44,994

184,598

82,744

312,573

NE E

Difference (sqkm)

E

S

-115,653

+18,100

+126,730

+26,629

+84,670

+94,735

-21,708

-225,992

-5,056

N

S

NE

CC ND

CC ND

Fair Area (sqkm)

-2.07

NW

W

SW

N

W

SW

-1.02

NW

*2011 Census Data

12,127

Fair Proportions of Land and Density

-2.78

Area (sqkm) Scale Factor

33,835

PPL/SQKM

4,057

Region:

+94,735

ND

428,226

162,403

8,254

+2.40

NW

67,668

64,644

27,132

57,868

+84,670

E

14,557

203,423

36,155

+1.73

N

118,753

NE

19,563

18,365

+26,629

W

27,730

+126,730

44,994

CC

184,598

+2.45

118,753

+3.19

18,365

19,563

57,868

27,730

W

36,155

CC

67,668

+18,100

NE

27,132

82,744

E

+1.28

33,835

64,644

437,198

14,557

257,837

-115,653

N

4,057

312,573

5,446

Difference (sqkm)

-1.37

11,060

Fair Area (sqkm)

428,226

ND

Area (sqkm) Scale Factor

8,254

SW

PPL/SQKM

NW

S

Region:

NW

NE

W W

ND

CC

SW

SW

Regional Map of Delhi

N

S

Fair Proportions Based on Area and Density

SW N

W W

W

SW

W

NE ND

CC E

NW

Fair Proportions Based on Area and Density

SW

PEOPLE PER SQUARE KILOMETER 20,000-30,000

ND

NE

Fair Proportions Based on Area and Density

E

18

N

S

CC

S

SW

NW

E

10,000-20,000 0-10,000

E

E


DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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National Institute of Technology

LITERACY RATES

Public Facilities

PUBLIC FACILITIES— EDUCATION NORTHWEST National Institute of Technology

LITERACY RATES

Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University

NORTHWEST WEST

3,656,539

LITERACY RATES

NORTHWEST WEST SOUTHWEST

2,543,243

WEST SOUTHWEST NEW DELHI

2,292,958

PUBLIC UNVIERSITY PRIVATE UNVIERSITY SCHOOL 0

SOUTHWEST NEW DELHI

10 km

142,004

University of Delhi Ambedkar University

Rashtriya Sanskrit National Indian Agricultural Sansthan Institute of Research Institute Technology University University of Delhi Bharati Vidyapeeth ICFAI University of Delhi Guru Gobind Singh Deemed University Ambedkar Indraprastha University Jamia Millia University Islamia Jawaharlal Nehru University National Law University

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

Indian Institute Indian Agricultural of Technology Research Institute University Jamia Hamdard University of Delhi Bharati Vidyapeeth University ICFAI University of Delhi Guru Gobind Singh Deemed University Ambedkar Indraprastha University Jamia Millia University Islamia Jawaharlal Nehru University National Law University

National Law University Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

Indian Institute Indian Agricultural of Technology Research Institute

University of Delhi

Jamia Hamdard University ICFAI University Jamia Millia Islamia

Jawaharlal Nehru University Indian Institute of Technology

Jamia Hamdard University

PUBLIC UNVIERSITY PRIVATE UNVIERSITY SCHOOL 0

NEW DELHI

10 km

PUBLIC UNVIERSITY PRIVATE UNVIERSITY SCHOOL 0

20

10 km


MapAgriculture of Delhi

DELHI, THE YAMUNA AND THE NAJAFGARH

culture

10 km

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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CURRENT SITUATION

Solving a dilemma of this complexity requires the participation of a host of agencies at all scales of government, along with non-profit partners and private interests. Part of the problem is that the institutional structures and decision-making procedures do not match the structure and complexity of the problem. Jurisdiction and authority is fragmented, which impedes coordination and efficient decision-making in a holistic approach.

Currently, the Delhi Jal Board is in the process of installing a series of “interceptor sewers,” which, if successful, will serve as an important first step. The interceptors work by “catching” the polluted water in the sub-drain system and diverting it in pipes to a nearby sewage treatment plant, where it is then released back into the Najafgarh Drain as treated effluent. A future phase will intercept the sub-sub drains. Ultimately, this is an interim solution – eventually, when piped sewage infrastructure is installed in currently un-sewered areas, interceptor sewers will serve as trunk lines that transmit waste directly URISDICTIONAL the COMPLEXITY from buildings to treatment plants.

Electrical Infrastructure Private Utilities Roadways Public Works Department

Fragmentation and Landuse Management Transit Networks

Public Housing Delhi Development Authority

Delhi Transport Corporation

Sewers Delhi Jal Board

22

Drain Department of Irrigation and Flood Control


CURRENT SITUATION

1

2

12 13

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

14 15

National Capital Territory of Delhi

STATE LEVEL

DD

National Capital Territory of Delhi

9

1 16

3

17

WATER RESOURCES

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

5

2 11

6

DELHI

JAL BOARD

8

7

MINISTRY OF

24

ENVIRONMENT FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE

4

PUBLIC + PRIVATE

3

MUNICIPAL LEVEL

18

23 20

19

Delhi Development A

MINISTRY OF

4

MINISTRY OF

10

25

YAMUNA ACTION PLAN

COORDINATING AGENCIES

21 22

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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However, the new system will also dramatically transform the function and character of the drains. With sewage diverted to piped infrastructure, the subdrains will no longer contribute to the consistent flow of the Najafgarh Drain. Instead, the sewage treatment plants will become new urban springs, feeding the Najafgarh, and by extension the Yamuna, with treated effluent. As for the sub-drains, they will revert to their natural function of handling stormwater. Many of them will be dry channels most of the year, though the annual monsoon and occasional major storm events will require them to be able to handle large volumes of water for short periods of time. With the interceptor sewer project redefining the drain’s water quality, there is the need to rethink the character of the Najafgarh Drain and all the drainage system. Once a Natural Tributary System, and today a system of Channelized Open Sewer, the future condition requires the definition of a new urban system.

Delhi Water Authority interceptors strategy in process

Interceptors strategy potentials 24


NTERCEPTOR INTERCEPTOR SEWER SEWER PHASING PHASING CURRENT SITUATION

STP

RCEPTOR INTERCEPTOR SEWER PROJECTS PROJECTS 0 Sewage 0 SEWER runs Sewage directly runs into directly the open into the open

drainage system, drainagepolluting system, the polluting Yamuna theand Yamuna its and its tributaries. tributaries.

STP

STP

STP

1 The1interceptor The interceptor sewer diverts sewer sewage diverts sewage from subdrains from subdrains to a treatment to a treatment plant (STP); plant (STP); treated effluent treatediseffluent released is back released into back the drain into the drain system. system.

STP

STP

VEL NOVEL HYDROLOGIES HYDROLOGIES – SEASONALLY – SEASONALLY DRY CHANNELS DRY CHANNELS 2 The2process Theisprocess repeated is repeated for the for the subdrains;subdrains; the interceptor the interceptor sewer system sewer now system now carries sewage carriesfrom sewage sub-subdrains from sub-subdrains to the STP, to the STP, bypassingbypassing the subdrain the entirely. subdrain entirely.

STP

3 Finally, 3 surrounding Finally, surrounding neighborhoods neighborhoods are are provided with provided pipedwith sewer piped infrastructure, sewer infrastructure, with with the interceptor the interceptor sewers now sewers serving now asserving trunk as trunk linkes to the linkes STP. to the STP.

STP

DRY SEASON DRY SEASON With sewage Withdiverted, sewage the diverted, the subdrainssubdrains will become willdry become corridors dry corridors that can that can accommodate accommodate slow mobility, slowurban mobility, ecologies, urban ecologies, public space, and occasional stormwater. public space, and occasional stormwater.

MONSOON/STORM MONSOON/STORM EVENTS EVENTS The subdrains The subdrains will mitigate willflooding, mitigatetransmit flooding,stormwater transmit stormwater directly todirectly the Najafgarh to the Najafgarh drain, anddrain, retainand a retain a portion in portion order toinrecharge waterthe table. order to the recharge water table. Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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06

Strategic Vision

We propose that the Yamuna River and its tributaries act as major structural elements of the Delhi metropolis. The Najafgarh is the primary East-West axis, a corridor that prioritizes public space, public facilities, urban ecologies and mobility as it flows across 58 kilometers of the National Capital Territory. The Najafgarh Drain is transformed from backyard to frontyard, orienting Delhi towards a water system whose health ultimately determines the prosperity and well-being of its inhabitants. The urban corridor consists of three primary layers: critical ecologies, slow mobility and public facilities. The Najafgarh Corridor integrates critical ecologies of the Delhi metropolis. At a regional scale, the corridor enables an urban-agricultural symbiosis, an infrastructural and entrepreneurial relationship between Delhi’s most urban regions and the agricultural crown. Within Delhi proper, the ecological network branches along former tributaries to include the Central Ridge Forest, sewage treatment wetland parks, recreational parks, city streets and solid waste management. The Corridor receives, exchanges, filters and processes this ecological matrix before emptying a clean and robust urban Delhi into the Yamuna floodplain.

26


ICAL ECOLOGIES Critical Ecologies

+2 5 2

+2 4

+2 33

+2 16

+2

16

+2 1 8

+

+2 14

STRATEGIC VISION

2 km

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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The Najafgarh Corridor introduces a system of slow mobility that complements Delhi’s existing mobility network by establishing key intermodal crossings and providing public transportation to underserved neighborhoods. The profile of the Najafgarh is opened and made accessible to pedestrians, cyclists, boats and rickshaws for safe and intermodal movement across Delhi. The Najafgarh Corridor prioritizes public facilities as the cornerstone of a rapidly-developing metropolis whose citizens are tasked with the interpretation of a caste-stratified history in a globalizing society. Public facilities along the Corridor stimulate the transition from backyard to front, orienting existing neighborhoods and real-estate development towards the water.

The result of the transformation of the Najafgarh Drain, from a hidden open sewer to a healthy urbanity and ecology axis is a critical step in the recovery of the Yamuna River. But furthermore, it will help in addressing the most outrageous situations of inequality that start with access to healthy water and food, to education and to and health, and to freedom of movement and accessibility.

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Public Facilities

STRATEGIC VISION

Yamuna River Project Re-Centering Delhi Phase 2: Najafgarh Drain

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PILOT PROJECTS

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Implementation Proposals

Intermodel Node and Water Treatment Park at Inderlok, Sophie Mattinson

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Transversal Stitching and Civic Centers at Old Rohtak Road, Tianning Miao Intermodal Node and Sludge Treat/Disposal Park at Chhatrapati Shivaj, Joshua Aronson Transversal Stitching and Educational Facilities Ankur Enclave/Shaheen Bagh, Meng Huang Phanka Drain Public Spaces and Housing, Sosa Erhabor/Andrew Morrell

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Decentralized Systems at South East JJ Colony, Elizabeth Dorton/Lemara Miftakhova/Katie Salata Palam Drain Three Sectors at Dwarka/Mahavir Salvatrice Aul, Laurence Holland, Audrey Hughes

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Najafgarh Agricultural Parks Fiorella Barreto/Aleksander De Mott

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Green Infrastructure and the Najafghar Lake Recovery, July Qiu

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CTS Pilot Projects

IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSALS

1

3

2

5 4

7

8

6

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08

Readings for Debate and Other Bibliography Main readings/ Complimentary Readings

1. The project of the city Aureli; Means to an End: The Rise and Fall of the Architectural Project of the City (article) Alday/Jover; Urban Uncertainty (article)

2. The role of the project Vigano; Territories of Urbanism (introduction) Alday; Notes about the Education of the Next Architects (article)

3. Education and impact Steiner; Universitas Meyer; Sustaining Beauty (article)

4. Knowledge through design Sennett; The Craftsman (introduction) Jover; Lanscape Substance of Memory and Future (article)

5. Public infrastructure Cuff; Working Public Architecture (article) Shannon; From Theory to Resistance: Landscape Urbanism Reader

6. Delhi, the Yamuna and intellectual activism Dasgupta; Capital (book) Alday; Muddy Hands (article)

Other Bibliography Acciavatti, Anthony; Ganges Water Machine, AR+D Busquets, Joan; Barcelona Metropolis Chillida. Eduardo; Leku, Fundació “la Caixa” Correa, Felipe; Mexico City: Between Geometry and Geography AR+D Delhi Development Authority; Delhi Master Plan 2021 Guallart, Vicente; Plans and Projects for Barcelona 2011-2015 Mehta, Suketu; Maximum City Oteiza, Jorge; Proposito Experimental, Fundacion La Caixa Prominski, Martin, et al.; River. Space. Design. Re-Centering Delhi Studio Publications, Spring/Fall 2014 Re-Centering Delhi Exhibition Catalog, November 2014 32


READINGS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Google Maps iPhone Image Captured on August 24, 2016

Google Earth Image Captured on August 24, 2016

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09

Final Review and Discussion

External Guests Lluis Alexandre Casanovas Keshav Chandra Tim Christ Felipe Correa Russ Katz

After Belonging Agency, Princeton PhD Candidate CEO Delhi Water Authority (DJB), Delhi Project Operations Director, BuroHappold Engineering, NYC Associate Professor Harvard GSD, Boston. Principal, Somatic Collaborative MOMI, Washington DC

School of Architecture Ila Berman Robin Dripps Guoping Huang Margarita Jover Luis Pancorbo Jeana Ripple Alex Wall

Dean and Elson Professor of Architecture (1) Fitz-Gibbon Professor of Architecture (2) Professor of Urban and Environmental Planning (1) Professor of Practice of Architecture (1) Assistant Professor of Architecture (2) Assistant Professor of Architecture (2) Professor of Practice of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2)

University of Virginia Ian Baucom John Echeverri-Gent Dan Enhborn Jeff Legro Winston Lung Christian McMillen Bala Mulloth Brian Owensby Matt Reidenbach

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Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Politics Art History Politics and Vice Provost for Global Affairs Engineering History Batten School of Leadership Director, Center for Global Inquiry and Innovation Environmental Sciences


GUEST CRITICS AND SCHEDULE

Schedule Morning Team presentation of context, problem frame and strategic plan proposals July Qiu Joshua Aronson Sophie Mattinson Meng Huang Tianning Miao

Green Infrastructure and the Najafghar Lake Recovery Intermodal Nodes and Water/Sludge Treatment and Disposal Parks at Chhatrapati Shivaj/Ring Road and Inderlok Transversal Stitching at Ankur Enclave/Shaheen Bagh and Old Rohtak Road

Afternoon Fiorella Barreto Aleksander De Mott Sosa Erhabor Andrew Morrell Elizabeth Dorton Lemara Miftakhova Katie Salata Salvatrice Aul Laurence Holland Audrey Hughes

Najafgarh Agricultural Parks Phanka Drain Public Spaces and Housing Decentralized Urban Systems at South East JJ Colony

Palam Drain Three Sectors at Dwarka/Mahavir

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