4,000,000
101
PUKKA 1 STORY ~100,000 RPS.
HOMELESS AND PAVEMENT DWELLERS
JJ CLUSTER
600,000
5-15K
JJ CLUSTER
URBAN VILLAGES
200,000
Shop
WALLED CITY
PUKKA 1.5 STORIES ~130,000 RPS.
PLANNED COLONIES
.5 flr living space
>15K
RESETTLEMENT COLONY
SEMI PUCCA
400,000
UNAUTHORIZED AND REGULARIZED COLONIES
Staircase
DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TYPES
800,000
# OF UNITS
UNPLANNED
Sturdy roof
KUCCHA 1 STORY ~45,000-50,000 RPS.
SERVICEABLE KUTCHA
Plastered brick
INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
0
RESETTLEMENT COLONY
1,000,000
UNAUTHORIZED AND REGULARIZED COLONIES
KUCCHA 1 STORY ~20,000-30,000 RPS.
Dry brick structure
URBAN VILLAGES
CGI roof
2,000,000
WALLED CITY
KUCCHA 1 STORY ~1500-2000 RPS.
PLANNED COLONIES
Low cost and reclaimed materials
POPULATION
3,000,000
UNSERVICEABLE KUTCHA
INCREMENTAL HOUSING
1 - 2.5 STORIES SELF CONSTRUCTED ~1,500 - 200,000 RPS.
0-5K
INCOME ACCORDING TO HOUSING TYPE UNSERVICEABLE KUTCHA 124,930 Households
PUKKA 2 STORIES ~150,000 RPS.
SERVICEABLE KUTCHA 12,075 Households
Shop [with toilet]
SEMI PUCCA 196498
PUCCA
800,000
PUCCA 3,589,401 Households
MULTI-TERRACE OWNED PROPERTY
2-4 STORIES 4+ BHK - 1800+ sq m UPPERCLASS $$$
OWNERS
JJ CLUSTER
VILLA
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
RESETTLEMENT COLONY
200,000
UNAUTHORIZED AND REGULARIZED COLONIES
400,000
URBAN VILLAGES
Shop [with toilet]
600,000 # OF UNITS
PUKKA 2.5 STORIES ~200,000 RPS.
WALLED CITY
1.5 flr living space
PLANNED COLONIES
1 flr living space
RENTERS
OWNERSHIP
STREET ENTRANCE
PRIVATE BALCONY NOT SELF CONSTRUCTED
LARGE PLOT AREA
74%
OF HOUSING IS SELF CONSTRUCTED
OUTDOOR GREEN SPACE
SELF-CONSTRUCTION
HOUSING
RE-CENTERING DELHI MICHELLE STEIN
SELF-CONSTRUCTED
JJ CLUSTER
6-12 STORIES 2-4 BHK - 70-100 sq m HOUSING SOCIETIES $$
RESETTLEMENT COLONY
APARTMENT
200,000
URBAN VILLAGES
400,000
WALLED CITY
SMALL/MEDIUM PLOT AREA
UNAUTHORIZED AND REGULARIZED COLONIES
600,000
PLANNED COLONIES
RENTED PROPERTY 1-2 UNITS PER FLOOR
2-5 STORIES 1-2 BHK - 70-100 sq m MIXED INCOME + FAMILY $ # OF UNITS
BUILDER’S FLAT
PLANNED
800,000
102
1// Yaumna Biodiversity Park
2// Golden Jubilee Park
3// DLF Emporio
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS PLANNED DEVELOPMENT A. FRIEDRICH
4// DDA 2014 Housing Scheme
5// DLF Luxury Homes
6// Phase 3 Metro Expansion
7// Signature Bridge
103 1 2
3
GOVERNMENT+PUBLIC LANDS
PARKS + WILDERNESS
COMMERICAL + INDUSTRY
4
2
4
4
4
5
7 5
6
RESIDENTIAL
“Nature is most beautiful in its wilderness and starkness. It needs no embellishment. You kill rivers through amphitheatres, exhibition areas, mythological parks and food plazas” - Manoj Misra of NGO Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan
MASTER PLAN OF DELHI- 2021
PLANNING + CONSTRUCTION THE CURRENT CONVERSATION IN DELHI RE-CENTERING DELHI
Anna Friedrich//ARCH3010//Critics: Inaki Alday Sanz, Megan Suau, Pankaj Gupta
“When the master plan is fully implemented, [the Signature Bridge] will be showcased in the midst of a large water body and specifically landscaped and wooded surroundings. Together the Bridge and its environs will serve as a unique tourist destination.“ - Harshavardhan Subbarao Construma Consultancy, Ltd
104
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS PLANNED DEVELOPMENT A. FRIEDRICH
GOLDEN JUBILEE PARK
105
HERITAGE CIRCUIT
MILLENNIUM PARK BUS DEOT
NIZAMUDDIN BRIDGE PARK
NIZAMUDDIN SLUM RENEWAL
PHASE III METRO EXPANSION
PLANNING + CONSTRUCTION THE CURRENT CONVERSATION IN DELHI RE-CENTERING DELHI
Anna Friedrich//ARCH3010//Critics: Inaki Alday Sanz, Megan Suau, Pankaj Gupta
Green Space Public Buildings + Government Land Commercial Industrial and Utility
Current Metro Proposed Metro Heritage Trail
1:27,000
106
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS URBAN FABRIC / SPATIAL PATTERNS A. IACCARINO Various urban spatial patterns emerge throughout the Yamuna River corridor in Delhi. In illustration of the relationship between formalized residential and public space and corresponding land value, these spatial typologies indicate a relative consistency between inhabitant, value of site, and location in relation to the river with a greater concentration of minmial public space and low land value on the banks and east of the river. The study additionally gives insight to the informal development of space along the Yamuna.
107
108
TO NEW DELHI
MILLENIUM PARK BUS DEPOT
TRAIN TRACKS + STATIONS
RING ROAD
ELEVATED RAIL BRIDGE
M
3K EMBANKMENTS
POWER LINES
OPEN DRAINS
CITY
CEN
TER
109
GURJAR SAMRAT MIR BHOJ MARG
INFORMAL AGRICULTURE
EMBANKMENT
POWER LINES
NOIDA LINK ROAD
RESEARCH
TO NOIDA
EDGE OF THE RIVER C. KEEHAN Over its history of urban growth and development, Delhi has turned its back on the Yamuna River. The city’s floodplain is now home to power lines, drains, transportation service centers, continual congestion, informal housing, and no official access points to the River. In addition, major embankments and retaining walls have curbed the natural ebb and flow of the river. Delhi’s compemporary urban centers, beginning with the Luyten plan, have been constructed indepedent of a relationship to the Yamuna, neglectful of the valuable resource which was once at the heart of Delhi. Although the floodplain has been claimed for informal settments and cultivation, the river’s edge has been claimed for little formal or public use. The space is left as a dumping fround for the city’s industry, solid waste, and energy infrastructures. The map to the right outlines the edge conditions of the river as it boarders the city, showing a 3-kilometer boundary almost wholly occupied by large infrastructres, informal settlements, and the polluted river.
BARRIERS TO RIVER ACCESS RIVER DURING SAFE FLOOD LEVEL EDGE OF HISTORIC FLOODPLAIN EMBANKMENTS AND BARRIERS
110
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS THE RIVER’S EDGE C. KEEHAN Over a history of urban growth and development, Delhi has turned its back on the Yamuna River, placing power lines, drains, and transportation hubs along the riverside span. In addition to building retaining walls to prevent the natural ebb and flow of the river, Delhi has managed to construct an urban center ignorant of a valuable natural resource flowing just beyond the city’s edge. Although its flood plain has been informally claimed and cultivated by low csates within the city, the river’s edge lacks any type of formal urban use. The space is left as a dumping ground for scraps of society’s industry, waste and power infrastructure. The map outlines the edge condition of the river as it borders the dense capital city, showing a boundary built between humans and nature through utility infrastructure. Historically, the Yamuna River was the backbone of civilization in Northern India. Directing fresh snow melt down from the higher elevations to the North, the river brought a necessity for survival to the Delhi area. This natural resource was once viewed as sacred; therefore, ancient civilizations in the area such as the Moguls established settlements bordering the river’s edge. Today, the city of Delhi has lost any recollection of ancient practices in the area. The Modern Yamuna has become a dumping ground for society’s waste. Therefore, settlement along the river is undeveloped and land is parceled out to industry and infrastructure. The map above outlines the current spatial use patterns along the riverfront. In order to re-center Delhi to this space, the current infrastructure and processes taking place along the river must be considered.
TRAIN BUS STATION BRIDGES DRAINS CANAL CULTIVATION PUBLIC PARK MARSH LAND NEIGHBORHOOD SLUM INDUSTRIAL SITE SUBSTATION
V UNA RI ER YAM
111
112
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT C. KEEHAN State Domestic Product (SDP) is the total value of goods and services produced during any financial year within the boundaries of a state. The SDP of Delhi is sourced from three main sectors of the state’s economy: the service industry, manufacturing, industry, and agriculture. This map outlines the locality of these sources geographically in the city and notes their contribution to the city’s wealth.
RESEACH
113
114
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS INDUSTRY AND DELHI’S RIVERFRONT C. KEEHAN In Delhi, India, only aorund 50% of waste water produced in the city through residential, utility, and industrial purposes is properly cleaned in a water treatement plant. The other half is merely fed into drains that empty into the Yamuna River. It is estimated that 85% of the pollution in the river comes from residential waste water while 15% of the pollution is a result of untreated industrial waste water. The heavy metals from industrial processes dumped into the river daily have a severe impact on human and ecological livelihood. These toxins not only keep the Yamuna a dead river, but are absorbed into the soils of the riverbank, making their way into agricultural production here and into the bodies of Delhi’s citizens.
25
TL 81
MO
42
V 23
SE 34
CL 17
AS 33
BE4
MN
HG
80
B5
CR 24
CO 27
CD 48
PB207
TE DOMESTIC STA PR
COAL POWER PLANT
SR 38
T UC OD
25%
INDUSTRY
$500 MILLION
AMOUNT OF MONEY SET ASIDE TO CLEAN THE YAMUNA RIVER
115
15%
PERCENTAGE OF POLLUTION IN THE YAMUNA RIVER SOURCED FROM INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS
$625 MILLION
SDP OF INDUSTRY IN DELHI
$75 MILLION
AMOUNT OF MONEY NEEDED TO CLEAN INDUSTRIAL WASTE FROM THE RIVER
$550 MILLION
CITY’S INDUSTRIAL INCOME AFTER THE PRICE OF RIVER CONSERVATION IS CONSIDERED
THERMAL POWER PLANT
CO2
AS 33
BE4
80
5
25
TL 81
42 MO
23
MN
CO
HG
NO
CR 24
CO 27
SE 34
CD 48
PB207
SR 38
NO2
B
V
POLLUTION TYPES: As ARSENIC Be BERYLLIUM B BORON Cd CADMIUM Cr CHROMIUM Co COBALT Cu COPPER Fe IRON Pd LEAD Mn MANGANESE Hg MERCURY Mo MOLYBDENUM Ni NICKEL Se SELENIUM Sr STRONTIUM Tl THALLIUM V VANADIUM Zn ZINC
THERMAL POLLUTION
SLUDGE
SO2 PARTICULATE MATTER
ERROSION
GASOLINE
CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE CO CARBON MONOXIDE NO NITROGEN OXIDE
OIL
ELEMENTS/COMPOUNDS WETLANDS CAN NATURALLY REMDEDIATE
CEMENT PLANT
AS 33
RAILWAY RUNOFF 80
MO
42
CU29
CR 24
CO 27
ZN30
CD 48
26 PB207 FE
HG
H2SO4
RIAL
UST
,000
,000
0 $55
80
HG
D IN IN
SDP ROADWAY RUNOFF
HG
80
PB207
AS33
CR 24
CD 48
ZN30
CU29
FE 26
25
MN
PB207 HG
80
NI
28
POLLUTANTS ABSORED BY CULTIVATION
Y TR
D
N
IO
AN
00
DELHI’S INDUSTRIAL AREAS AND CONNECTING STREAMS
$7
5,0
,0 00
TO
E CL
P
T LU OL
E US CA
BY
IN
S DU
116
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS REAL ESTATE DISTRIBUTION C. KEEHAN As the capital of India, Delhi is an important urban center in the state. The city caters to a population of around 9.8 million. With such a large concentration of citizens in a small land area, real estate prices in the city are high. Although there appears to be no clear relationship in prices in proximity to the river, there are evident patterns in real estate in relation to the districts in the city. A few of these areas include districts of politics, industry, and historic sites. Understanding real estate prices throughout the city is important when considering a design intervention.
117
18.5%
37.7%
TTATE L ES EA
25.9%
$14,450,400
$802,800-$14,450,400
RS. 800,000-50,000,000 $12,844-$802,800
RS. 10,000-800,000 $1650-$12,844
NON-RESIDENTIAL
THE UPPER MIDDLE CLASS INCLUDES BUISNESS OWNERS, COMPANY OFFICIALS, AND MILITARY PERSONEL. THIS SECTOR RESIDES MAINLY IN SOUTH DELHI, WHERE THEY CAN ESCAPE THE DENSE CITY CENTER, AROUND SHOPPING DEVELOPMENTS AND CORPORTATIONS. THE MIDDLE CLASS INCLUDES ARTISANS AND INDIVIDUALS WORKING IN SERVICE PROFESSIONS. THIS SECTOR RESIDES AROUND COMMERCIAL AREAS AND MARKETS WHERE WORK IS READILY ACCESSIBLE. THE LOW CLASS INCLUDES INDIVIDUALS THAT WORK IN HOME SERVICE AND INDUSTRY. THIS SECTOR RESIDES IN AREAS BORDERING INDUSTRIAL AREAS AND UPPER AND MIDDLE CLASS DEVELOPMENTS WHERE THEY WORK.
L RESIDENTIA TOTA LR OF
TTATE L ES EA
RS. 50,000,000-900,000,000
BASED AROUND HISTORIC NEW DELHI AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, THIS SECTOR OF THE POPULATION INCLUDES GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES.
REASON FOR DISTRIBUTION
RS. 900,000,000+
19.5%
1:1000
AL REAL ESTTA ENTI TE SID
OF TOT AL R E
OTAL RESIDENTIAL R OF T
L RESIDENTIA TOTA LR OF
TTATE L ES EA
118
URBAN SOCIO-ECONOMICS SERVICE ECONOMIES S. SALCEDO
5
15
30
60
119
5
15
30
60
2 5
5
15
30
15
30
60
60
3 5
15
30
60 5
15
30
60
5
15
30
60
5
15
5
207.
210.0
4
5
15
30
30
60
60
6 5
5
5
15
30
60
15
30
60
120 International GDP
Decline of the Rupee
United States
16,800 bn.
Rupee per US Dollar Average Annual
China
16,158 bn.
India
6,774 bn.
56
Japan
4,624 bn.
49
Germany
3,493 bn.
2013
1975 - 2013
Divisions of Labour
Largest State GDPs vs Delhi
Delhi
1
2014
70
2014
199, 581, 477 m
Uttar Pradesh 199, 581, 477 m
63
AGRICULTURE 44% INDUSTRY SERVICE
11.2% 44.8%
42 35 28
2
21 14
INDIA VS DELHI GDP Growth Rate 2005-13
ANDHRA PRADESH
46, 386, 766 m
7
14
0 1975
12
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013 AGRICULTURE 18.2%
Delhi
10
Delhi in Context
8
INDUSTRY
24.8%
SERVICE
6
India
4
0 06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
3
Tamil Nadu
72, 147, 030 m
AGRICULTURE
2 05-06
57%
12-13
Crops, horticulture, milk and animal husbandry, aquaculture, fishing, sericulture, aviculture, foresty and related activities.
AGRICULTURE
21%
INDUSTRY
34%
SERVICE
45%
INDUSTRY Manufacturing, light and heavy industry, as well as related sub-sectors.
4
West Bengal
91, 347, 736 m
SERVICE
AGRICULTURE 24%
Construction, retail, infrastructure
INDUSTRY
18.2%
SERVICE
57.8%
operations, education, health care, banking and insurance, as well as other economic activities.
8
Delhi
17, 200, 000 m AGRICULTURE
1%
INDUSTRY
13.5%
SERVICE
85.5%
Contribution % to national GDP
Labour Force 2011-12
Imports & Exports 2012-13
Imports $235 bn.
Germany $7.1 bn. Kuwait China $8.1 bn. U.K. $28 bn. $3.3bn. Qatar $8.1 bn.
India Highlights 2013-14
Population > 10, 000, 000 GDP Growth > Nat. Avg. (8.0 %)
India
94% of labour is Unorganized. This work is individually owned with less than 10 total workers.
Delhi
15% of the labour force consists on women.
Iraq $9.8 bn. UAE $19.6 bn.
Switzerland $10.7 bn.
U.S. $12.2 bn. Saudia Arabia $16 bn.
Rice and Tea Region Maize and Coarse Crops Region
Exports $142 bn.
Unemployment Rate > 7.5%
U.K. $4.1 bn. Netherlands $4.4 bn. Saudia Arabia $4.6 bn.
U.S. $19.7 bn. Germany $3.4 bn. Brazil $3 bn.
Hong Kong $6.1 bn. China $6.4 bn. Singapore $6.6 bn.
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RE-CENTERING DELHI Seth Salcedo
UAE $18.6 bn.
121 Population
Index of Industrial Production
2011-12
N
2011-12
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index for India which details out the growth of various sectors in an economy such as mining, electricity and manufacturing.
C ND NW
E
The level of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an abstract number, the magnitude of which represents the status of production in the industrial sector for a given period of time as compared to a reference period of time.
1
NE
NORTH WEST
S SW
1
2
W 1
3
NORTH
WEST
1
NORTH EAST 3
2
3 CENTRAL 2
3
2
3
SOUTH WEST
2
NEW DELHI
2
3
2
2
Sector IIP Comparison
Tourist Statstics
2011-12
2004-08
3
Manufacturing
5 m.
Total
1
EAST
3
2012
3 m.
1
2 m.
1
Electricity
Domestic
1
1
2011
4 m.
Foreign
1 m. General Index 2004
2
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 2
SOUTH
0
32
64
96
128
3
Major Group IIP Comparison 2011-12 500 publish, print media
400 basic metals
Sector Breakdown 2005
300
textiles 200
AGRICULTURE
COMMUNITY, SOCIAL,
MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY
PERSONAL SERVICES
CONSTRUCTION
SERVICE
INDUSTRY
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE, RESTAURANTS, HOTELS
Factory Production 2011-12
Saket POPULATION
South
2, 731, 929 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 DEFENCE COLONY
POPULATION
FACTORIES NET INCOME
Delhi
2976 84.6 bn.
POPULATION
West
2, 543, 243 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 PUNJABI BAGH
North West 3, 656, 539 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 NARELA
2 KALKJI
17, 200, 00 m.
Rajouri Garden
Kanjhawala POPULATION
Preet Vihar POPULATION
1, 707, 725 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 PREET VIHAR
2 SARASWATI
3 HAUZ KHAS
East
motor vehicles
food products 100
2011
Darya Ganj POPULATION
3 VIVEK VIHAR
3 KAROL BAGH
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
FACTORIES
Dwarka POPULATION
789 18.8 bn.
South West 2, 292, 958 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 NAJAFGARH
FACTORIES NET INCOME
Shahdara POPULATION
925 16.9 bn.
North East 2, 241, 624 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 SEELAM PUR
FACTORIES NET INCOME
Sadar Bazar POPULATION
225 17.1 bn.
North
2, 241, 624 m.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 CIVIL LINES
2 PATEL NAGAR
2 VASANT
2 SEEMA PURI
2 KOTWALI
3 RAJOURI GARDEN
3 DELHI CANTONMENT
3 SHAHDARA
3 SADAR BAZAR
FACTORIES NET INCOME
Connaught Place POPULATION
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
DISTR. BY ESTABLISHMENT
FACTORIES NET INCOME
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RE-CENTERING DELHI Seth Salcedo
45 2.05 bn.
FACTORIES NET INCOME
53 0.932 bn.
FACTORIES NET INCOME
54 0.366 bn.
133, 713 m.
3 CONNAUGHT PLACE
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
744 12.5 bn.
New Delhi 2 PARLIAMENT STREET
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
FACTORIES
106 15.7 bn.
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 CHANAKYA PURI
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
NET INCOME
578, 671 m. 2 PAHAR GANJ
DSTR. BY EMPLOYMENT
NET INCOME
Central
SUB-DISTRICTS 1 DARYA GANJ
2 GANDHI NAGAR
3 MODEL TOWN
2012
FACTORIES NET INCOME
36 0.291 bn.
122
02. SPECULATIONS
MASTERPLAN SPECULATIONS URBAN TESTS
123
124
MASTERPLAN SPECULATIONS
125
Originating from a series of speculative maps testing the capacity of the site based on analytical investigation and research, the studio began to develop masterplan strategies. Within this approach, the studio discovered a range of critical issues and topics that needed to be addressed in the resolution of a comprehensive masterplan for the Yamuna site. These issues were: AGRICULTURE RIVER ECOLOGIES + FLOODS ECONOMY HOUSING MOBILITY PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC SPACE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS Students were challenged to each develop a “topical driver” – a masterplan starting-point strategy that fully developed one of the identified systems within the context of the site. From this exercise and phase of development emerged a series of strategies for each system, creating a strong and clear idea about how this system might be resolved and refined in the comprehensive masterplan.
126
SPECULATIONS
UTILITARIAN MONUMENTS L. NELSON, D. RYU, M. STEIN // 1:40,000
MASTERPLAN
127
128
PHASED APPROACH
129
130
KIT OF PARTS
131
132
UTILITARIAN MONUMENTS
RIVER
133
CITY
METRO
H2OWA S T E F I LT E R
MIXED USE
H2OC AT C H MENT
NEW DELHI-CITY SIDE
“ G AT E WAY P AV I L I O N ”
YA M U N A R I V E R S I D E
134
SPECULATIONS
THE RIPARIAN FOREST A. CAI, A. FRIEDRICH, A. SANDBERG // 1:40,000
MASTERPLAN
135
136
CITY SYSTEM
137
Transportation Systems
138
Ecosystems of the Riparian River
Rail Cars Pedestrian Rickshaw
EDGE CONDITIONS
YAMUNA WETLANDS ECOSYSTEM
TERMINALIA
TAMITRIX DIOICA
PHRAGMITES KARKA
TYPHA ANGUSTATA
139
ZONE OF BIOREMEDIATION PERSNICKITY 712
MOIST TROPICAL DECIDIOUS FOREST
TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST
CLOSTRIDUM BUTYRICUM METABOLIZES OIL & GREASE
PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM
SHOREA ROBUSTA
THIOBACILLUS DENITRIFICANS ODOR CONTROL
TECTONA GRANDIS
CASSIA FISTULA
MURRAYA PANICULATA
ALBIZIA SP.
DESMODIUM TRIFLORUM
FIMBRISTYLIS FERRUGINEA
CHROMATIN
ODOR CONTROL
BACILLUS SUBTILIS REMOVAL OF PROTEIN
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
REMOVAL OF PROTEIN & CARBOHYDRATES
140
SPECULATIONS
FEEDING DELHI A. CAI, A. FRIEDRICH, A. SANDBERG // 1:40,000
MASTERPLAN
141
142
HIGH-YEILD PUBLIC GARDEN
HIGH-YEILD PRIVATE GARDEN
PUBLIC LOT GARDEN
SCHOOL / OFFICE GARDEN
MICRO-GARDEN
CITY BLOCK GARDEN
KIT OF PARTS
DISTRIBUTION FACILITY COMPOSTING FACILITY
143 HIGH YIELD URBAN GARDEN
CITY BLOCK GARDEN
OFFICE GARDEN
PRODUCTION FARMS
CITY EDGE
EXISTING CITY PROCESSING FACILITY IRRIGATION CANAL
PRODUCTION FARMS
YAMUNA RIVER
RIVER EDGE
144
SPECULATIONS
EXTEND-DELHI I. ARGOTI, W. KEEL // 1:40,000
MASTERPLAN
145
146
METRO TYPE 1
METRO TYPE 2
KIT OF PARTS
METRO TYPE 3
METRO TYPE 4
147
METRO PLAZA
STREET METRO
148
SPECULATIONS
MOUTH
I. ARGOTI, W. KEEL // 1:40,000
MASTERPLAN
149
5
207.
210.0
150
KIT OF PARTS
HYBRIDIZED PROGRAMS