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YU\ cTBe HHblH HeAOCTaTOK - eMy Hy>KeH KOpOCTHOH Hanop, YeM 6onbwe, TeM nyYwe, H, cneAOBaTenbHO, caMOCTOSJTenbHblH B3neT ca MoneTa Ha HeM HeB03MO>KeH. ,D,nsi Hcnb1TaHHH nepBblX 3KcnepHMeHTanbHblX nBP,lJ, rpynna no6eAOHOCL(eBa np1-1cnoco61-1na oco6b1M o6pa30M nepeAenaHHb1e apTHnnepHHCKHe OPYAHSJ Kan1-16pa 76 MM. Bb1CTpen1-1saeMb1e HMH peaKrnBHble rnapSlAbl CTanH nepBblMH s CCCP o6beKTaMH, KOTOpble npeBblCHnH BABOe CKOpOCTb 3ByKa Ha csoeM ABHraTene. B 1936 r. c yyacrneM 1'1.A. MepKynosa 6b1n cnpoeKrnposaH 3KCnepHMeHTanbHblH «06beKT P- 3» - nepsasi B CCCP AByxnyneHYaTasi paKeTa (sropasi cTyneHb ee 6b1na npsiMoTOYHoA). nocne ycnewHoro nyCKa P-3, coaosiswerorn 19 Masi 1939 r., MepKynos npeAnO>KHn 1-1cnonb30BaTb nBP,lJ, AnSJ ysenHYeHHSl 6oeBOH CKOpocrn caMOneTOB, cnpoeKTHpOBaB «AOnOnHHTenbHblH MOTOp» ,D,M. ,D,nsi OnblTHblX pa60T no 3TOH TeMarnKe eMy nopyYHnH cc)lopMHpOBaTb KOHCTPYKTOpCKYIO rpynny H npeAOCTaBHnH MOW.Haem arperarnoro 3aBOAa N261, rAe 6b1n1-1 noapoeHbl CTeHAOBble o6pa3L(bl nBP,lJ, ,lJ,M H nepBble neTHble ,D,M-2 H ,lJ,M-4, KOTOpble npownH 1-1cnb1TaHHSl Ha caMoneTax li1-1561-1c H 1'1 -153. ,D,sa «AOnonHHTenbHblX MOTOpa» ,D,M-4 ysenHYHBanH CKOpOCTb 61-1nnaHa 1'1-153 Ha 40- 50 KM/ 4. HeCMoTpsi Ha CHH>KeHHe AanbHOcrn H3-3a 6onbworo pacxoAa rnnn1-1sa H POAHH aM H4 eCKOro conpornsneHHSl nBP,lJ,, l 1 K>J< II ye nHY HHe HH epTHOCTH caMo 11 1 11 KP 11y, 1-1 x np1-1M H HH e np1-1 3Han1-1 n 11 11ti1M 111111 n p x Tl11-1Ko nso. Ew. 0 110 1 ~ I,, II II' n pnolX 11011 TOil

li1-1561-1c c ABYMSJ ,D,M-2, 6b1no nposeAeHo cosew,aHHe, Ha KOTOpOM 0 HOBOM ABHraTene npo1-1HcjlopM1-1posan1-1 rnaBHblX KOHCTPYKTOpos 1-1 pyKoBOACTBo HKAn. Coo6w,eH1-1e Bbl3Bano onpeAeneHHblH HHTepec, 1-1 Ansi ycKopeHHSJ pa6oT no co3AaHHIO TaKHX 6oeBblX caMOneTOB rpynny MepKynosa npHKa3oM no HKAn NQ779cc OT 27 AeKa6psi 1940 r. nepeBOASJT c arperarnoro 3aBoAa NQ61 Ha caMoneTocTpOHTenbH~H 3aBOA NQl. YxoAy MepKynosa 1-1 ero Kanner 1-13 Hli11'1-3, KaK c 1937 r. aan HMeHosaTbrn PeaKrnBHblH Hli11'1 , «cnoco6cTBosanH» cno>KHble (snpoYeM, He y ero OAHOro) cny>Ke6Hb1e OTHOWeHHSl c rnaBHblM HH>KeHepoM HHCTHryra A.r. KoCTHKOBblM, KOTOpblH nocne 1937 r. aan TaM cjlaKrnYeCKH nepBblM nHL(OM. KOCTHKOB caM HaMep1-1nrn C03AaTb nepeXBaTYHK c nBP,lJ,. He HMesi n1-1YHb1x cnoco6HOCTeA B npoeKrnposaHHH HH caMoneTOB, HH ABHraTeneA , OH nopyYHn pa3pa60TKY >KP,D, (Ha KOTOpOM caMoneT AOn>KeH 6bln B3neTaTb H pa3roHSlTbCSl AO CKOpocrn 3anyCKa nBP,lJ,) n.C. ,lJ,yWKHHy, npSlMOT04Hble ABHraTeflH B.C. 3yesy, a nnaHep - M.K. T1-1x0Hpasosy, KOTOpblH c)lopManbHO B03rnaBHn Beeb npoeKT. Ho TOT He HMen onb1Ta apoHTenbCTBa caMoneTOB H, B KOHL(e KOHL(OB, Ha AOn>KHOCTb rnaBHOro KOHCTpyKTOpa nepexBaTYHKa «302n» np1-1wnocb np1-1rnaCHTb ysoneHHoro H3 LlArli1 BeCbMa HeOpAHHapHoro HH>KeHepa M.P. 6HCHOBaTa, «3a KpblB rna3a» Ha ero He COBCeM Kparnsyio aHKeTy (OH HMen POACTseHHHKOB, 3MHrp1-1posasw1-1x B CWA). MepKynosy >Ke B HOBOM npoeKTe MeCTa He 6bln0. Ho OH He OYeHb-TO H paccTpo1-1nrn : B oTnHYHe OT 6b1sw1-1x Kanner no PHl'11'1 - Hli11'1- 3, y Hero y>Ke 6b1n pa6oTalOW,HH nBP,lJ,, Aa H Ha 3aBoAe NQl OH nonyYHn onpeAeneHHYIO nOAAep>KKy. HaYanbHHK OnblTHO-KOHCTpyKropcKoro OTAena npeAnp1-1sirnsi CTpOHrHH, 3aM napwero soeHnpeAa no cepHHHOMY npOH3BOACTBY BOeHHH>KeHep 1 paHra fyceB H 3aM napwero soeHnpeAa no onblTHOMY cTpOHTenbcTBy soeHHH>KeHep 2 paHra Ha xMaHOBH4 Hanpas1-1n1-1 s HapKOMaT as1-1a npoMb1w11e HH ocrn nHCb MO NQBn/ 00 769, B Ko -

OnblTHblH HCTpe6HTenb lil-153 c nBPJJ, JJ,M-4 KOHCTPYKLIHH MepKynosa nepeA HCnb1TaHHS1MH, 1940 r.

TOpOM o6paw.anH BHHMaHHe Ha He06XOAHMOCTb C03AaHHSl peaKTHBHOro HCTpe61-1Tensi co CKOpOCTSlMH, npeBblWalOW,HMH CKOpocrn CaMblX cospeMeHHblX caMoneTOB sepOSlTHblX npornsHHKOB. 0HH n1-1can1-1 (opc)lorpac)l1-1si coxpaHeHa): «... 11uxopaoo'IHOH pa6oma aeuanpoMb1w11eHHocmu Kanuma11ucmu'lecKux cmpaH y}/(e npuee11a K COJOOHU/O HeCK011bKUX HOBb/X munoB ucmpe6ume11eu u 6oM6apoupoBU{UKOB, om11U'IO/OU{UXCf/ nOBb/WeHHOU CKOpocmb/O, maKOBbl: caM011em ... XayKep-TapHaoo c MomopaMu Po1111bc-Pouc By11bmyp B 2000 11.c. 680 KM/'IOC Um. 0. napmufl Unpaeume11bCmBO cmaeHm nepeo HOMu Jaoa'ly o6ecne'lumb eU{e 6011ee CKOpocmHOU MamepU011bHOU 'IOCmb/O BBC cmpaHbl. npuMeHeHue 06bl'IHOU cxeMbl OOHOMOmopHOi!O u11u oeyxMomopH020 caM011ema, 00}/(e c MomopoM MOU{HOCmb/O B 16001700 11. c. He n0Jeo11Hem oeucambrn enepeo no nym u oocmu>KeHufl BblCOKux cKopocmeu caM011ema nopHoKa 750-800 KM/'IOC ... Ha maKOU COM011em, co CKOpocmHMU OK0110 800 KM/'lac, yooe11emeopH10U{uiJ coepeMeHHblM maKmUKO-meXHU'leCKUM mpe60BOHUf/M B omHoweHuu oa11bHocmu no11ema nopHoKa 1000 KM/'IOC HO pe>KUMe 0,9 MOKC. HO BblCOme 7000 M u 6011ee c nocmaHOBKoiJ nywe'IH020 u KpynHOK011U6epH020 BOOpy}l(eHUfl MO>Kem u 0011>KeH 6b1mb COJOOH u nocmpoeH K KOH~Y 1941 2000 coeemcKUMU KOHCmpyKmOpOMU. J1,11fl OOCmU>KeHUfl 3m020 He06XOOUMO CMe110 npuMeHumb mexHu'lecKue coeepweHcmeoBOHUfl, omcmynaH B omoe11bHblX c11y'laHx om o6bl'IHb/X COM011emHb/X cxeM ... Mb1 npeo11a2aeM nocmpoumb ooHoMecmHblU cKopocmHoiJ ucmpe6ume11b nepexeam'IUK co CKOpocmb/O HO Bblcome 7000 M nopHOKO 750-780 KM/'IOC, yooe11emeopf/IOU{UU ocma11bHblM maKmuKo-mexHu'leCKUM mpe6oBOHUHM BBC... 3mux OOHHb/X MOJl(HO oocmumymb ycmaHOBKOU BHympu <fJ/03e11f/Jl(Q OBYX COBpeMeHHb/X MomopoB OOUH 30 opycuM, npu pa6ome KQ}/(0020 Momopa HO CBOU BUHm, Bb/BeoeHHb/U HO Kpb1110 COM011ema, '1epe3 KOpOOHHYIO nepeoa'ly. .. C ~ e11b10 no11y'leHufl epeMeHH020 peJK020 noBblWeHWI CKopocmu HO 11/06ou BblCOme no11ema, a oco6eHHO Ha Bb1come nopHoKa 7- 12 mblCfl'I Mempoe, ycmaHae11ueaemrn B2a6apumax <fJ10Je11H>Ka caM011ema peaKmuBHbliJ OBU20me11b «JJ.M-4». npu 3mOM 06U{Of/ MOU{HOCmb BCeiJ BUHmOMOmOpHOU i!pynnbt 803pOcmaem Ha 1000 cu11 HO Bbtcome 10000 M, 'Imo npu6ae11Hem CKopocmb oo 150 KM/ 'IOC. Mb1 npocuM pa3pewumb HOM npucmynumb Ky211y611eHHOiJ npopa6omKe 3CKUJH020 npoeKma Hawe20 caM011ema, c meM 'lmo6b1 e no11ymopaMecfl'IHb1iJ cpoK npeocmaeumb nonHbtiJ 3CKU3Hb/U npoeKm COM011ema. JJ,11f/ Bbln011HeHUf/ 3CKU3H020 npoeKma npocuM: a) omnycmumb 100 mblCf/'1 py611eu;

u) 06ecne<ILJmb 803MO)l(HOCmb COJOOmb IHI aeooe N!l1 He60flbWYIO KOHcmpyKmop1<y10 zpynny. .. ». 06 pall!aeT Ha ee6S1 SH HMaHHe , 4TO fllil bMO ornpasneHO 3a HOMepoM soeHnpH MKH 3a SOAa, TO eCTb OT llHL\a 3aKa34HKa 11p ACTa s1-1Te11S1 BBC. 0AHaKO HOSblH AHpeKTOp 3aSOAa n.B. ,ll,eM HTbeS He eKpb1sa11 Toro, 4TO npeAn04HTaJ1 II Ae>K HYIO eepHIO SCSI KHM TaM onblTHblM p 6oTaM. noSlSJleHHeM TaM KOHCTpyKTOpKOro 6t0po A.V1. MH KOSlHa H M.V1. rypeSH4a H ycne WHblM 3anyeKOM s eepHIO caMOJleTa M1-1r-1, nepsb1e 3K3eM nm1pb1KOTOporo 6b1111-1 A Hbl s eepeAHHe 1940 r., npo611eMa e 3a PY3 KOH npeAn pHSlTHSl eospeMeHHOH npo AYKL\Hei::i All Sl ,ll,eMeHTbesa 6b111a peweHa. YcosepweHern osaHH blH M1-1r-3 eTaH001-111rn OCHOSHblM 1-1 eTpe61-1Te11eM BBC KpaeHOH ApMl-1H, H see CHJlbl 6poea11Heb Ha ero MaeCOBblH DbinyeK. B CBS13H c 3TH M np1-1Ka30M no HKAn OT 4 anpe11S1 1941 r. rpynna MepKynosa nepeBOAHTeSl Ha 3aBOA NQ482 TaK>Ke s MoCKse. 3ro 6b1110 He cT011b npeern>KHO, HO 6011ee YA06Ho e T04 KH 3peHHSl npOAOll>KeHHSl pa6oT no TaKOH HOSOHTeMe, KaK nBP.ll. 4To KacaeTCSl nHebMa, TO OHO 6b1110 nony4 HO eeKpeTapHaTOM HKAn 15 MaSl 1941 r. H nepen11 as11eHo 3aMeernTe1110 HapKoMa asH L\HOHH OH npoMb1w11eHHOCTH AneKcaHAPY preeSH4Y5l Kos11esy.

noA KpblnOM y SIKoeneea A.C. 5l Kos11es cosMell!an pa6oTy s HapKoMaTe e AOll>KHOCTblO r11aSHOro KOHCTpyKTOpa OKEi-115, KOTOpoe Ka K pa3 BHeApHno s ce pHH Ho e npoH3SOAeTBo rnoi::i nepsb1i1 HCTpe6HTeJlb V1 -26, SCKOpe eTaSWHH H3SeCTHblM noA MapKOH 5l K-1. Tenepb 5l Kos11es pa 60Ta11 HaA ero MOAHQlH Kal.\HSlMH, SKJll04HS s HX 4H CJ10 H nepexsaT4HK, KOTOp biH 3a eYeT BKll l04eH HSl ASYX nBP.ll KOHeTpyKL\HH MepKynosa AOn>KeH 6b111 np1-106peTaTb np1-1 poer CKO poern s 100 KM/ 4 s Te4eHHe 10 MHH, Yero 6b1110 6b1 AOCTaTOYHO AllSl nepexsaTa 11106oro spa>KeCKoro 6oM6apAHPOS11!HKa H pa3BeA4HKa. 3aKa3 Ha H3roTOsneHHe ASYXASHrarenei::i .llM-2 (ra K s AOKyMeHTe, HO pe4b, 04eSHAHO, w11a 0 .llM-4), KOTOpbie 3aSOA NQl AOJl>KeH 6blll ycraHOSHTb Ha onblTHblH eaMOJleT, 6blll oTKp biT 17 Mapra 1941 r. Ho nepee3A KEi MepKynosa Ha cneL1Ha111-131-1 posasw 1-1 i::irn Ha Kcne p1-1 MeHTa11bHblX pa6oTa x (B T.4. H no MOTOpocrpoeHHIO) 482-11 3aSOA 3aTOpM03HJ1 JJ,eno, a 22 HIOHSl HaYanaeb SOHHa ... EioH Ha orpoMHOM cjlpoHTe OT 4epHoro AO EiapeHL1eBa MOpei::i OAHHM MaXOM nepe4epKHYl1H MHOrHe S~ K llaAKH MHpHoro epeM eHH. ,ll,eHCTSH Sl asHal.\HH Ha 60JlbWHX BblCOTa X CBellHeb K OAHH04HblM noneTa M AallbH HX pa3SeA4HKOS npornsHHKa, a so3AYWHb1e 601-1 w111-1 ropa 3AO HH>Ke - 3aAa4a MH asHal.\HH, H HaweH, H spa>KeeKOH, 6bll1H

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PucyHoK U3 KHUZU CmenaHe4 A. T. t1cmpe6ume11u «fiK» nepuoiJa 8e11uKoi1 Ome4ecmeeHHOi1 eoi1Hbl. M.: «MawuHocmpoeHue» - 1992 2.

1 - nyneMeT 6epe3HHa; 2 - n aT pO H Hbl ~ SllJ1H K; 3 - 6a11110H c B03AYXOM; 4 - ryp6oHacoc ; 5 - np1-16opH aS1 AOC Ka; 6 - np1-1L(en; 7 - py4HO e ynpas11 eH1-1 e; 8 - 6poHeCTeK110; 9- 11 - 6a K c ropl04HM ; 12 - Tpy6onposoA; 13 - BPJl; 14 - wacrn ; 15 - P.U; 16 - aKKYMY!lSITOp

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Cy-25 B HHAHBHAyanbHOM YKPblTHH c noTepHaMH. 6arpaM, 1985 r.

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