PORTFOLIO by Elina Gabitova
ONTOLOGY OF HOME Speculations on the famaliar. . . MArch ,Moscow ,2017/18
CONTENTS 1. Research of Pokrovka district 2.Brief. 3.Research of Nizhegorodka district 4.Project of the development of Nizhegorodka district in 1:5000 5.Development of selected area in 1:1000 5.1 Ierarchy of streets and spaces 6.Development of one quarter in 1:200 7. Typologies of Dwellings 8.Interiors
M E T H O D O L O G Y , R E C O R D M AK I N G & R E F E R E N C E
The intention of the survey was to identify a sequence of spaces to focus on individually ,to record the ground condition in tremendous detail of the spaces around the buildings to define the hierarchy of the spaces and their type/use.
POKROVKA DISTRICT First Impression
The territory is situated close to Clean Ponds, and surrounded by Makarenko,Pokrovka,Chapligina streets and Belgorodsky rd. We expected to see a whole continious space,but when we turned up inside ,we found out , that this district consist of 12 or more small separate yards,which are devided from each other by high brick walls or fencing and there is no connection between those parts. .I think it shows the mentality of russian people.Fencing is an imprescriptible part of every russian city,I think people feel more comfortable,safer when they unsulate their private space by high fence. We also noticed that due to very high level of density there was no sun on the ground,even the wheather was nice and sunny. First question I asked to myself was «How people can live in such as high density of buildings and see only walls from their windows?» Perhaps,people are more than happy to live in any conditions,but in the center of Moscow and even those spaces looks uncomfortable for life there are always will be desirous to buy apartments in this district. Anyway,Every area /yard has its own unique architectural qulities,its own atmosphere,configuration,authentic details,smells and sounds. Some of yards were deep and narrow,some of them seemed labirynths which were consisted of several compound spaces. We noticed a lot of interesting and authentic details such as old wooden furniture,secret lover stair, birds-house with peacocks and pigeons , “winter palace” amphilade and very deep and narrow space between 2 houses which is used as smoking room, etc.
ruine
poultry house government’s paving smoking room
secret lover’s stair
secret garden
winter palace amphilade
hanging cube
5
10
50
POKROVKA DISTRICT
individual research
We had to choose a yard for a deeper analysis,so I took the most private one without any public entrances inside. You can get there if only you will call consierge and answer her hundred questions. . . So, my yard consists of 5 impasse spaces which are disperse from the central square (the only-one playground of 12 yards of Pokrovka district) and have only one enter and exit,which is con-trolled by the concierge baba Valya. Firstly,I noticed one very interesting thing,children leave their toys on the playground and nobody takes it,every car holder has his own parking place and baba Valya dont let strangers to park their cars on this places.Seems like this yard is a commune where all inhabitants know each other. Another one important thing is that spaces seemed Saint Petersburg s countyard to me. Opposite windows are located too close to each other,so neighbours can cheers or handshake,but most of windows have mirrow covering,so people dont want them to be seen by someone.I called this space smoking room. As about ground condition ,the covering looks like an old blanket which consist of different patches - types of acphalt and paving. There is also very nice green private corner with a bench ,unfortunatly we started our research in october and I didnt see how inhabitants use it. Even the density of buildings is very high ,this yard looks cozy and atmospheric.
i tried to draw some spaces which impressed me/ arch which seems portal between loudy street and private,calm yard narrow ÂŤsmoking roomÂť closeness of the space of the yard reflections of opposite windows private green corner with the bench patches of ground covering secret lover stair
smoking room.
CONCLUSIONS
This is a sequence of layers of my plaster During the research of Pokrovka, I noticed that all the yards of one quarter differ from each other by thecharacter of landscaping, the hierarchy of spaces, the size, the number of storeys of buildings (the entire building is within 5 floors), and also the functional saturation. It is important that the yards are small and closed, and, most likely, all the inhabitants of this or that court personally know each other. (At least in the yard,which I researched). All houses are different, many of them were built in the 19th century.There are also some houses, which were built during 20th century. As for me,This is the example of comfortable environment for living to which one should strive. If we consider only the courtyard that I researched, we can define its feature as a clear division between the court and the street, between public and private. I do not think this is bad. When people understand where starts the territory which belong to him,they become more responsible for it. . The yard is separated from the street by a tonnel and closed from strangers. Due to this, for example, there were toys on the playground and no one stole or spoiled them during the month of my research. there are about 200 people lives on this area and almost everyone knows each other and greets. All the entrances are very nice and cozy, in some of them hang paintings and bells (musical instrument), there are also pots of flowers . . Even the density of buildings is very high.It is very comfortable to be here, and I think to live here.
BRIEF
/Brief
I dont want to consider home as a space which consist of bedroom,living room and a kitchen,as we dont only sleep ,taking a shower and eat at home. .I would like to let people to identify which spaces they need ,As For me,home is something about processes which happen inside,I think that its a living experience ,something personal,so as for me image of the house, its external shell should have a link with the way of life,individuality of every inhabitant or family’s and the place where it located. I think those 3 definitions (way of life, image of home and the place ) should be linked in my project. Nowadays,most of living architecture in Russia is standartisized,but how representatives of different professions and subcultures ,different types of character,different rythm of life ,interests etc. can live in the same standart spaces? when we see modern high storied houses in Moscow ,especially in new districts,we lose the coherance between home and family, it became inpersonal( not only in architectural image of those houses,but in image of inner spaces/ Residential buildings adopt the anonymity as a property of nonresidential buildings. I will discover how they live,their professions ,how they spend free time,how they use their domestic spaaces and to design a house for all of them to see how standart spaces could be differ from spaces,which will be designed for special place and special subcultures.
special dwellings of special materials for special place for people with special way of life instead of building microrayon
*fragment of Nizhegorodka masterplan
PROGRAMMATIC REQUIREMENTS my project will be situated on the northen part of nizhegorodka by the river and will replace territory of garages and storages. Total area of my project is 45 he . I would like to start the dialog with my area from delicate integration to the existing situatition.Im gonna save natural basis of my area,but I understand that even Nizhegorodka has very beautiful and authentic landscape,historical architecture and local way of life this site has a lot of problems (such as flooding,absence of infrastructure and transportation,isolation from other parts of Ufa) that dont let it to develop . Landscape ,Environment,water regulation I also understand that I cant intervene to Nizhegorodka hardly and break its historical structure with It’s existing landscape,»vernacular’ transport system ,selfmade architecture etc. So,I think that I will start with some landscape environments and an improvment of public services. today the territory of Dolgoye lake which is situated in the center of nizhegorodka is polluted, the lake drowns the surrounding area during the flood, and the solution of the ecological and engineering problem that has developed in the coastal areas becomes paramount.At the beginning,I want to protect locals and future inhabitats from the yearly flooding and design a dam(?) and a system of canals ,which will also become an active element of the territory .Enbankments of the river and Canals also would be used as pedestrian and bicycle roads ////etc continueFor surface and ground water regulation I need to make a project of dreinage system,as it is not organized on the territory of Nizhegorodka . Stagnation of melt and rainwater contributes to the destruction of foundations of buildings and structures, facade decoration, pollution of sidewalks, adversely affects the ecological system of the city,and its also very unhygienical thing. Materials I would like to use local materials in my project.As I wrote in my research ,there are a lot of factories in Nizhegorodka,which produce different types of building materials,some of them,such as brick ,timber and woodworking factories were established many years ago. I would like to use local cobble stone for pedestrian roads(there is also cobble stone career close to ufa and they have a huge storage in nizhegorodka),cause asphalt dont leak water. Actually,Nehaeva street in nizhegorodka was paved by cobble-stone,(which was paved by most of inhabitants of Nizhegorodka) in 1824 and it still in very good condition. Most of buildings in my area were built by wood or brick,so I’d like to enter to « the cloth» of the district as delicate as it possible.
Site in Nizhegorodka From the one hand I cant demolish existing houses,from the other hand I cant remove local factories,(which are situated along the enbankment of Belaya river and dont give an acess to the coast of the river) and will deliver materials for me,so I decided to make up a list of ‘useful’ and historical factories,which cannot be unbuilt.So I got the territory between brick and woodworking factory.I think that existing disgusting sheds and storages should be replaced and inhabits should get an acsess to the coast of Belaya river. Density and population. I dont want to change the private atmosphere of this place and increase the population too much,but I think,that it could be risen on no less than 20 %. Nizhegorodka’s population consists mostly of elderly people and lower than middle class,but I think,that after all landscape manipulations the district will become more attractive for citizens. transport Historically,Nizhegorodka was built without any plan ,so the existing transport system with walkways and roads were ‘trampled’ by inhabitants ,Its chaotic for a little bit,but as I already said , Im not gonna destroy those vernacular things,so I think I will make a project of navigation system to help guests and new inhabitants to get somewhere they need.I also think,that I need to add some more links with city center,because there is only 2 roads which connect Nizhegorodka with Ufa and It will protect my area from traffic jams.I think,that we need to develop public transport in nizhegorodka,add special lane for public buses and to limit speed to 30 km/h .I wouldnt expand or destroy roads and transport system of nizheforodka.I wouldnt do roads along the canal,only perpendicular,people need to have an access to the canal,it will be a link between all parts of nizhegorodka and let people to walk,communicate,trade,relax,arra nge seasonal markets etc. Roads and canals Vatariety of types of the roads and its hierachy gives variety of different scenarios of life in the district. I will design different types of roads and spaces and will let people do decide in which space they would like to live. As crooked streets are one of the features of Nizhegorodka,I will use it in my project and will design it due to the relief . I will also increase density of the streets .
People and communications I would like to start from person,then move to group of people and their problems and needs.On the basis of what they can communicate? What are the links between families? People feel comfortable only if they reside on their territory among people they know (of the same level of culture,same habits,same way of life,same earnings etc). representatives of different age groups with different interests and different relationship to family values need different types of houses (homes) and different environment. They also need different domestic services around.So various groups of people will live contiguously,but at the same time in one’s own way.It will give an opportunity to have many lifestyles with the highest possibility of existence. Representatives of different subcultures need concentration in space (to not mix with the other ones) be recognizableand have an opportunity to formulate their own way of life. I think,its very important to make those groups not numerous (no more than 200 people) and to devide them by physical boundary (lake,park,market,road or canal etc.) I also think that every group should include representatives of all ages (from newborns to elderly people) and different marital status aproximetly the percentage could be: singles 30% families with children 45% families without children 10 % сohabits (not families) 15% I would like people to feel that they are on their territory,so they will understand there public space finishes and the private space starts.It will let people to become more responsible for their area.I also want them to communicate in their common courtyard(have a barbecue,grow plants,do morning exersises etc),but at the same time to have an opportunity to retreat. I would like them to decide how to use their territory at a meeting.
Work places I think that workplaces could be situated within 20 minutes from home,some of them could be in the house as a workshops . Buisnesmen,artists,shop owners,craftsmen,people who have different hobbies can work in the house or close to their house ,so they need special spaces for it.I think,that those workshop should have a link with the street and be oriented on it Orientation As my area is situated on the north,parking ,trash cans,storages and artist studios could be oriented there. courtyard should be oriented to the southern side,(people will spend more time on sunny side,it will give an opportunity to grow plants ,its better for children etc.) Living rooms should have balconys or terraces oriented on the river,canals ,lakes and ponds, ,while bedrooms should be oriented on the courtyard. Water objects We need to design and build this way to keep people in touch with water. We need to improve and maintain natural watercourses, arrange lakes and fountains, pools and decorative ponds so that people can come and admire them. Nizhegorodka is surrounded on three sides by the river, and the geographical center of the district is Lake Dolgoe, because the embankment is built up with industrial objects, the residents of the district do not have access to it. My project involves moving plants, warehouses and ports outside the city and improving the embankments of the Belaya River and new water objects: a system of canals, ponds, lakes, pools.
Where? The only one place where I feel home is my native city Ufa ( republic of Bashkortostan). When I started to search the place,I found out one district,which contrast with other parts of the city - and situated close to the center.This district - is something amateur and vernacular ,it was built without any plan (locals refused it in 1868 )and mostly consist of individual 1-2 storied houses (in the middle) and different factories,storages and garages along the shore . This area situated in less than 1 km from city center and devided from it by the railroad and strong relief.Nizhegorodka also surrounded on 3 sides by the river Belaya.Even its very close to city center geographically,its very far away mentally. So locals can have village way of life in the center of Ufa. Historically,Nizhegorodka is a manufactural district which was established in 1790 by Sheremetiev bondsman,which settled there to do tanning and leather processing. During the 19 th century a lot of different factorys were built:10 brick factories,woodworking and matches producing factories,liquer distellery and pimokatka( a factory of producing felt boots) etc. Names of Streets of the district still tell a lot about its history:Silikatnaya.Kozhevennaya,lesopilnaya,Sherstomoin aya,Fanernaya,Rabochaya.Most of historical buildings were built of local bricks and wood,one of the street were paved of local cobble stone in 1824 by locals (when Alexander the First visited Ufa) and it still in very good condition.Now there are a lot of small individual enterprises,mostly linked with building materials.Locals do wooden furniture and sew clothes,grow fruits and vagetables,some people have their own farms with gooses,chicken,goats and sheeps etc. There is almost no infrastructure except 2 supermarkets and 2 beauty salons and there is just 2 roads which link Nizhegorodka and Ufa. Another important feature of Nizhegorodka is a flooding. Shore of The Territory floods once a 3-4 years,once a hundred years the water rises up to 92 metres,so people can fishing from their roofs.Unfortunatly,due to every year flooding 80 percents of housing are in emergency condition,every spring people have to live on attic and to move by boats.During the flooding children dont go to schools and work as a water taxi drivers. Actually,returning to the streets names ,there are also Burlatskaya, Zalivnaya,Bolotnaya and Zaozernaya streets.
selected area
Ufa central square
existing situation of selected area
Belaya river
the beach
harbour
railroad
marsh
1
FEATURES OF THE DISTRICT
водные обьекты Нижегородка с трех сторон окружена рекой Белой ,а центром района является озеро Долгое.Однако этот потенциал никак не используется,в связи с затоплениями скорее наоборот является фактором,который влияет на низкий уровень развития района.
вернакулярная транспортная система Местные отказались от регулярной сетки в 1888 году,улицы были проложены и застроены так,как было удобно жителям. Названия улиц говорят о специфике района:Шерстомойная,Лесопильная,Кожевенная,Силикатная,Рабочая,а также Заливная ,Бурлацкая,Заозерная и др. Нижегородка отрезана от центра города железной дорогой,попасть в районможно только через одну автомобильную дорогу или пешеходный мост. Поскольку вдоль набережной сосредоточены различные промышленные предприятия ,существует непрерывная железная дорога ,которая опоясывает весь район.
предпрития На территории района множество предприятий,специализированных на производстве различных строительных материалов Здесь производятся кирпичи,железобетонные изделия,трубы,пиломатериалы,а также функционирует спирто-водочный комбинат. Поскольку большая часть предприятий сосредоточено вдоль реки,у жителей района нет доступа к набережной. .В связи с тем,что район находится в непосредственной близости к железнодорожной станции здесьбольшое количество складов и гаражей,которые портят облик района. Выводы: В связи с тем что береговая линия застроена предприятиями,складами и гаражами ,у жителей Нижегородки нет доступа к набережной реки Белой.Проектом предполагается сохранение предприятий,продукция которых будет использована для строительства,остальные постройки будут демонтированы и перенесены за черту города.Это позволит освободить ценные прибрежные территории для строительства новой жилой застройки .Береговая линия будет благоустроена .
жилая застройка Большую часть территории (95%) Нижегородки занимает усадебная застройка.Большинство зданий одноэтажные с мансардой для укрытия во время паводков.Помимо частной застройки есть несколько хрущевок,несколько трехэтажных бараков(ветхий фонд) и одно многоэтажное здание (1990). Здесь до сих пор развито ремесленничество:люди занимаются изготовлением мебели,ковкой оград,многие жители используют землю для фермерства,-выращивают гусей,коз,кроликов и куриц. . Выводы: Необходимо повысить плотность застройки и плотность населения на 30-40 процентов,помимо этого необходимо строительство новых школ,детских садов,больниц,офисов и культурных обьектов.Для повышения качества среды однообразная застройка индивидуальными домами должна быть дополнена новыми типологиями
The main propose was to understand how people live,which spaces they use and how they build and situate their homes ,etc//There is no visible center in Nizhegorodka and it mostly built of individual houses with their own private territory.All of the dwellings has a mezonine (people use it during the flooding in april)Most of the roads in Nizhegorodka are narrow and winding ,so cars cant drive fastly.Average speed in Nizhegorodka is no more than 50 km/h,so people use mostly all roads as a pedestrian.Roads are surrounded by wide strip of grass with high trees somewhere,or with a playground for children.Even there is almost no public spaces and busy streets in Nizhegorodka, during the research I found out that hierarchy of streets consists of 2 types(we dont consider factorys and garages along the river ),residential streets in the middle of the district,(for example Medicinskaya street) .Time stopped here 50 years ago.
Its very calm and silent place surrounded by the Dolgoye lake.So, this street built of old wooden houses with beautiful carved shutters and cornices. All houses are differ from each other but seems harmonic together.Most of dwellings has a front garden with flowers or decorative trees.Some people growth fruits and vegetables on their background.And there are also ÂŤ mixed usedÂť streets,also residential but with different types of workshops,storages,which are mostly belong to local,those streets are situated very close to the main roads or on the main roads /
street without any public space and infrastructure
meditsinskaya street an example of the street with public space and producing crafts.
sherstomoynaya street
проектируемый канал
Another important feature of Nizhegorodka is a spring flooding.Shore of The Territory along the Belaya floods once a 3-4 years,once a hundred years the water rises up from 85 to 92 metres,so people can fishing from their roofs. Unfortunatly,due to every year flooding 80 percents of housing are in emergency condition,every spring people have to live on attic and to move by boats. During the flooding children dont go to schools and work as a water taxi drivers. Actually,returning to the street names ,they are also tell a lot about the features of this place :Burlatskaya, Zalivnaya,Bolotnaya еtс graphic of average spring flooding
project of the canal
My project is an answer to the decision of the government to destroy one of the most vernacular districts of Ufa ,relocate people and build microdistrict on this place. My project is aimed at strengthening of uniqueness of Nizhegorodka and will offer a solution of the development of this area for 25 years.I will save natural basis of my area with its narrow and crooked roads ,authentic way of life , way of building houses and will solve problems such as:
Canal could well solve the sanitary problems of the district, it will reduce the level of groundwater, which affected the city quarters.I will continue both sides of dolgoye lake to the river. Today the territory of Dolgoye lake which is situated in the center of nizhegorodka is polluted , the lake drowns the surrounding area during the flood, and the solution of the ecological and engineering problem that has developed in the coastal areas becomes paramount .
flooding transport problems no visible center no infrastructure no access to river and lake no public spaces I will consider selected area as a starting point of the development of whole district.
Locals dont have any places to go ,because there is no visible center and any infrastructure except 2 beauty salons and 2 supermarkets,so I decided to do something common for all people to give them opportunity to communicate,walk down,arrange seasonal markets etc. The canal will become a center of Nizhegorodka with pedestrian and bicycle roads and different types of spaces along. I tried to do it as delicate as it possible and didnt destroy anyones home.
As the existing water reservoirs protect bashkir cities,towns and villages only from 30 % of spring floods ,the first step should be orginising of a system of small water reservoirs upstream of the river.The next step will be construction system of water canals,which will regulate and direct water flows.
For surface and ground water regulation I do a project of dreinage system,as it is not organized on the territory of Nizhegorodka . Stagnation of melt and rainwater contributes to the destruction of foundations of buildings and structures, facade decoration, pollution of sidewalks, adversely affects the ecological system of the city,and its also very unhygienic thing.
PROGRAM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIZHEGORODKA
PROGRAM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIZHEGORODKA
Settlements have always gravitated around water sources, for the very simple reason that water is essential to life. Locals and inhabitats of new district should have an access to all water objects:to the river,canals,harbours and lakes . I will design an embankment with piers,terraces,floating public swimming pools and In winter time people will use canal as an ice rink. Living invironment should have variety of different spaces. It will be cozy winding paths,narrow pedestrian streets between quarters, ,wide canal,boulevard and busy roads. The highest buildings (4-5 storeys) will be connect with two main axes :The big canal and the inner canal. Those two streets will attract tourists and locals and will have public spaces on the ground floor.It will be offices,wo rkshops,supermarkets,librarys,laundrees etc. More private is the space,less is the height of building.
Одним из важных условий привллекательности района является типологическое разнообразие улиц.В проекте есть как широкие улицы районного значения с выделенными полосами для трамвая или автобусов,главная торговая улица с приоритетом для пешеходов ,а также двухполосные межквартальные проезды,бульвары,узкие пешеходные улочки,набережные реки и каналов.Такое разнообразие улиц дает возможность жителям право выбора в зависимости от их предпочтений к уровню приватности.
магистральная улица районного значения с выделенными полосами для общественного транспорта
улица районного значения с обособленными трамвайными путями
большой канал с благоустроенной набережной
большой канал с благоустроенной набережной
пешеходная улица с внутренним каналом
торговая улица с водным каналом
межквартальный проезд
пересечение трамвайных путей и межквартального проезда
пешеходная улица
межкватльный проезд
спуск к реке Белой
HIERARCHY OF SPACES FROM THE MOST PUBLIC TO THE MOST PRIVATE
Жилой квартал составляется из нескольких типов домов в зависимости от типологии улицы. набережные каналов застраиваются 4-6 этажными блокированными зданиями с общественной функцией на первом этаже и урбан-виллами,Второстепенные улицы застраиваются кластерами индивидуальных жилых домов(с мастерской/теплицей/верандой на выбор),а также таунхаусами.За счет этого создается разнообразие жилой среды
Согласно дизайн коду в отделке фасадов используются только местные материалы: несколько видов кирпичей ,деревянные панели,пиломатериалы ,подборные стены строятся из местного булыжни
walls and ceilings less is room,lower is ceiling. Walls could be of different wide for different needs. everyone should have an opportunity to change his private space and to adapt home to his way of life.House become home when people can do it. I think,some of walls should be from 0,3 to 1 m and made from special material (building will not destroy if we will cut or add a half fromor to those walls .During the time habits will build a system of niches ,oriels,built-in shelves, and furniture,spaces for sitting for their needs.Every home will become individual and will be differ from others.
Windows Windows will be of different size (depends how private is the space ).On the ground floor,in those buildings which communicate with the street windows will be high,in bathroom,for example ,it will be small and narrow.The view is also very important.I design buildings to give people to have a view to all water objects such us harbour,river,canals and inner lakes. Window holes will be also of different sizes(depend on amount of light) Window sills will be of different height (from 35 to 90 sm)