Urban Heterodoxy by Yasaman Deylami

Urban Heterodoxy Liverpool Hub Creative Market Residence Yasaman Deylami Graduation Studio Master of Architecture Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning University of Sydney

Urban Heterodoxy Liverpool Hub Creative Market Residence Yasaman Deylami 309238722

Graduation Studio Master of Architecture Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning University of Sydney Tutor: Nathan Etherington

yassi.deylami@gmail.com N: +61 466 212 039 June.2014

Urban Heterodoxy urban: adj. of, or living or situated in a town or a city heterodoxy: adj.not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs. orthodox: adj. holding usual or currently accepted views; generally approved, conventional

community: noun. a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. the condition of sharing or having a certain attitudes and interests in common. market: noun. a regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities migration: noun. movement of people to a new area or country to find work or better living conditions. adaptable: adj. able to adjust to new conditions.

CONTENTS

01 Urban Heterodoxy : Liverpool Hub

02 Urban Response : Background Program Context

04 06 12

Initial Concepts

04 Urban Heterodoxy : Creative Market Residence

05 Urban Response : Form

06 Architecture: Internal Urbanism

Philosophy in Architecture

References

Appendix

Urban Heterodoxy: Liverpool Hub

This project explores the medium of architecture as a physical manifestation that promotes the formation of local structures, social integration and the cooperation of the building with its surrounding context. It pushes to form a community within the residential sector with the opportunity to create its own internal urbanism, further influencing its neighbourhood. The project is based in the city of Liverpool, an upcoming suburb with an already established transport network and a proposed 30-year plan to become the next major city of New South Wales. The site location is neighbouring Liverpool Train Station, giving it an opportunity to create the new heart of the city and taking advantage of being central to an existing and developing educational and health sector. The design aims to initiate business and social growth for the residents of Liverpool; primarily creating safety within the complex by designing various spaces of interaction for residence, and further pushing for a creative community. The residential complex consists of 50, one to two bedroom units that overlook an internal plaza and a series of adaptable spaces, live - work, home office, and commercial spaces that bring the building to life. These residences are made of smaller clusters, providing them community breakout spaces. More importantly, the community manages an internal creative market that takes advantage of its central location.

Urban Response: Background

With a great potential to become the next major city of New South Wales, Liverpool is still in the starting phases of settling. The area has the highest number of immigrants in the state with over half the population born overseas and a third of the population having arrived in the past seven years. The dominant cultural backgrounds come from Serbia, India, Italy, Vietnam, Fiji, Philippines, Iraq, and Lebanon. Being an area of immigrants, there are naturally two major problems, lack of safety and security and struggle to find work. Having said that, the neighbourhood has a unique opportunity of a rich multicultural background and is starting to present us with hints of unique characteristics of what it wants to become. In addition Liverpool Hospital is the largest Hospital in New South Wales and one of the leading trauma centres in Australia.

Urban Response: Program

With the large number of immigrants to the area the primary concern of this project is to create a structure that evolves through time with the settlement of its residence, with gradual blossoming of upcoming businesses and without the need for an initial large investment. As a response this building looks at creating community architecture, with the residential strip providing safety and the live-work markets encouraging creativity and ownership of the spaces that come to be. The simple principle behind community architecture is the environment is more efficient if the residence are actively involved in its creation and management instead of being treated as passive consumers.

“

.. When the people who inhabit any environment are effectively involved in its creation and management, it ‘works’ better. It is likely to be of higher quality physically. It will be better suited to its purposes, will be better maintained and will make better use of its resources, finance, land, material, and people’s initiative and enterprise. Also the process of involvement combined with the better end product can create employment, can help reduce crime, vandalism, mental stress, ill health and the potential for urban unrest and can lead to more stable and self-sufficient communities and more contented and confident citizens and professionals. (Watts, 1987, p.20)

“

Considering the cultural background of the immigrants an initial response is a marketplace, a typology that originates from these countries and requires little technical background*. The temporary quality of the market allows the complex gradual development into something much more authentic. The idea being a collection of imported products and more importantly creative skills that introduce traditional techniques of these rich cultural backgrounds to Liverpool and to the city of Sydney.

What Makes Community Architecture Different Conventional Architecture

Community architecture

Status of user

Users are passive recipients of an environment conceived, executed, managed and evaluated by others: corporate, public or private sector, landowners and developers with professional ‘experts’.

Users are – or are treated as the clients. They are offered (or take) control of commissioning, designing, developing, managing and evaluating their environment and may sometimes be physically involved in construction

Scale of project

Generally large and often cumbersome. Determined by pattern of land ownership and need for efficient mass production and simple management.

Generally small, responsive and determined by the nature of the project, the local building industry and the participants. Large sites generally broken down into manageable packages.

Location of project Fashionable and wealthy existing residential, commercial and industrial areas preferred. Otherwise a green-field site with infrastructure.

Anywhere, but most likely to be urban, or periphery of urban areas; areas of single or multiple deprivation.

Use of project

Likely to be a single function or two or three complementary activities (e.g. commercial, or housing, or industrial.)

Likely to be multi-functional.

Design style

Self conscious about style

Unconscious about style. Any ‘style’ may be adopted as appropriate. Most likely to be ‘contextual’, ‘regional’ (place-specific) with concern for identity. Loose and sometimes exuberant; often highly decorative using local artists.

Wates, Nick & Knevitt, Charles, 1987. p.24, Community architecture.1st ed. Great Britain: Richard Clay ltd.

Design style

Static, slowly deteriorates, hard to manage and maintain, high energy consumption.

Flexible, slowly improving, easy to manage and maintain, low energy consumption.

End product

Private sector: return on investment (usually short term) and narrow self interest. Public Sector: social welfare and party political opportunism.

Improvement of quality of life for individuals and communities. Better use of local resources. Social investment. Response to specific localized needs and opportunities.

Ideology

Totalitarian, techno graphic and doctrinaire, big is beautiful, competition, survival of the fittest

Pragmatic, Humanitarian, responsive and flexible, small is beautiful, collaboration, mutual aid.

Fragment: noun. a small part broken off or separated from something. 8

TO PARRAMATTA

IL W AY

TO STRATHFIELD

IZA

. WY

M HU

STUDY

MOOREBANK

AREA

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SOUTH WESTERN GROWTH CENTRE

H AT

. RD

AY ILW

TO CITY OF SYDNEY

W EH

TO SUTHERLAND

TO CAMPBELLTOWN

Liverpool Suburb

Liverpool City Center

Urban Response: Context As mentioned previously Liverpool is one of Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s regional cities, predicted to be a major central business district to service Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing southwest. The site chosen for this brief redesigns the city centre as the first step to the master planning of the city of Liverpool. The surrounding context includes an educational sector directly neighbouring west of the site, which includes a primary school and TAFE; the TAFE extends to the northeast block; directly north of the site is a business park. Further north is the medical district with Liverpool Hospital as the largest hospital in the southern hemisphere. Located on the site itself is the train station and an educational building. The site chosen therefore has the privilege of a major thoroughfare to and from to the city of Liverpool.

Pe de Pe stri de an st ria n

Medical Medical

Commertial Commertial Educational Educational

Zoning Zoning Diagram Diagram

Cy clin g Cy clin g

Educational Educational

Dri Dri vin vin g g

Zoning : Educational, Commecial, Medical

Circulation : Pedestrian, Cycle, Drive 12

Pedestrian Path Services Road

Internal Circulation External Connection

Internal Roads and Paths

Site Activation

The site is broken down into smaller parcels. The two main thoroughfares are highlighted, a pedestrian crossing over the train station to connect to the river and a new street running north south.

The connection of the city to the river becomes a major activator of the site, smaller internal connections wok to integrate the block as a whole

Private Public

Education Commercial and Residential Library and Theater

Cultural and Community Recreational Center Bus Terminal

Public Private Zone

Zoning

The private blocks are zoned to the west, picking up on the fragmented scale of Liverpool. The public buildings are located neighbouring the train station and taking advantage of the new laneway.

The commercial and residential zone are located next to the train station. On the north the cultural and community buildings connect with the existing educational sector.

Initial Concepts

An important principle for community architecture is of course the community itself; which is built upon the connection of people. Therefore the meeting places and overlap of users becomes an important driver for the scheme. Four schemes have been studied using precedents as a primary design tool for layout and form and studying functionality based on the separation of each program. Two chosen schemes have been further developed. Scheme 1 Each program is separated, a central staircase is an architectural feature connecting them. The live-work spaces have a private courtyard that allows a more intimate relationship between the residence and potential for a private market when necessary. Scheme 2 Live-work and market overlap, encouraging the involvement of the residents. The architectural feature is the front door entry to residential apartments Scheme 3 All three programs overlap. The architectural feature is the fragmented characteristic of Liverpool Scheme 4 The residential is separated, allowing an open space below for the overlap of market and live-work.

Scheme 1 and scheme 3 have been developed further. Scheme 1 for the rooftop live-work community that adds a new dimension to the group, and scheme 3 for the fragmented quality that creates the potential for new things to happen, inviting individuality of the residents. Also the potential to rebuild on the neighbouring site has been explored. 21

Spatial Organization Diagram

Scheme 01 : Close Community

Section Circulation Diagram

Ground Floor Plan Market

1:500

Scheme 01 : Close Community

Mid Level Plan Residential

1:500

Roof Plan Live / Work

1:500

Scheme 01 : Close Community

Section 1:500

Spatial Organization Diagram

Ground Floor Circulation Diagram

Scheme 03 : Fragmented Elements

Section Circulation Diagram

Ground Floor Plan Market . Live / Work

1:500

Scheme 03 : Fragmented Elements

Mid Level Plan Live / Work

1:500

Roof Plan Residential 33

1:500

Scheme 03 : Fragmented Elements

Section 1:500

Urban Heterodoxy: Creative Market Residence

Entrances to Internal Courtyard - Public

Unit Entrances Located on Main Courtyard

There are three entrances entrances into the complex. The central one as a main public entrance and the latter two as smaller invitations from the street.

All residential units are accessed through the courtyard. This makes the courtyard in to a meeting place.

The size of these entrances allows the closure of the courtyard at night for safety issues.

Rooftop Community - Private

Rooftop Community - Semi Public

The roofscape houses community spaces that are shared between smaller groups of residence. This invites a more intimate socializing between the residence.

There are smaller community spaces on the southern corner of the site that are semi-public and accessed through the commercial spaces and from within the complex. This allows for an adaptable space that can be used for larger gatherings.

Private Shared Courtyard Shared between smaller Clusters

Unit Entrances Located on Main Courtyard

Rooftop Community - Private

Rooftop Community All courtyards are linked

Urban Response: Form

The building is the first lot to be re-developed on Bigge Street in the long-term proposal for the City of Liverpool. In response to the site context the structure meets the boundary, stepping back on the ground level from each streetscape in anticipation of the urban characteristic of the live-work and commercial spaces. In this way the solid mid floor construction makes a framework in between the currently vague neighbouring buildings. This decision for form is derived from De SolàMorales’s work in urban planning, the starting point being to produce something that keeps possibilities open and does not rule anything out in advance rather an addition that brings material presence to the urban landscape, and enables them to unveil the hidden potential of the site (Ibelings, p.13).

“

As in painted still-lifes of a table-top with an arrangement of disparate objects (an apple, a pitcher, a magazine, a fabric), urban things establish direct, immediate relations with one another. The city is the table that supports them and that represents them to us in their pure materiality, as realities identifiable in their differences, their relative position and their mutual reflection – reflections that refer to an external, immense and polysemic field. (Morales, p.27)

“

Morales acknowledges the different characteristics of the city and prefers the good old conventional spaces that have happened over time to the new invented catalogue of spaces; hence welcoming the natural urban growth.

Form Portraying Community In the case of this Liverpool Market Residence, the three mid levels are the solid unit that wrap around the block, allowing a canvas for future expansion. The architecture aims for an eccentric external form that represents the residents resembling a united block and simultaneously allows for individuality, inviting the residents to personalize their unit. I have taken this theory of creating the canvas for future structures a step further to work within the micro urbanism of the Market Residence as well. The residential mid levels not only consider their future neighbours, they allow for the residence to grow and 43

Form Portraying Creative Community

express themselves within the building. The livework spaces begin to unwrap on the ground floor, revealing glimpses of the workmanship behind the internal market and allow the smaller businesses a street front location. The human-scale breakdown continues to carve through the frame on the main corner to the train station with commercial spaces that rise up to a community rooftop courtyard. With small changes in level the roofscape draws upon the fragmented characteristics of Liverpool, creating a series of live-work spaces that protrude from the community residence. 44

06 45

Site Context 01 residential market 02 primary School 03 TAFE 04 highschool 05 research laboratory 06 train station

Ground Floor Plan, Live-work, Market

Mid level Floor Plan, Residential 48

Rooftop Floor Plan (Level 5),

Live-work

Rooftop Floor Plan (level 6), Live - work 50

Western Elevation Bigge Street Scale 1:400

Southern Elevation Deylakim Street Scale 1:400

Short Section North Facing Scale 1:400

Long Section East Facing Scale 1:400

Fragmented Form of Creative Community Live / Work Spaces Groundfloor Level 60

Fragmented Form of Creative Community Live / Work Spaces Rooftop Level 62

Space Accessible to Residents Private Space Accessible to Public Community Semi Public

Architecture: Internal Urbanism

The complexâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s internal structure corresponds to the complexity of the surrounding city. In contrast to residential developments that capitalize on the richness of this urban context, but house only a single use themselves; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;internal urbanismâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; contributes to the evolution of the city as a meeting place. The architectural key to assembling a residential community that works around a market in this design is the shared central plaza, forcing and elongating the interaction of the residents in the progressive sequence of entrance to the household. The ground floor courtyard then becomes the private interstitial space between the building and the city. The surrounding live-work spaces and residential entrances are accessed through this courtyard hence the shared patio as an interface for a variety of uses.

The southern side of the site is facing the train station, making it an appropriate space for commercial use. The building breaks down from its solid volume to insert shared community spaces, accessible by commercial and the residential sector. These spaces allow for community gatherings such as creative and sport classes. The architecture that enhances the creative community is the flexible live and work spaces that allow a gradual blossoming of upcoming businesses without the need for a large investment. These spaces open towards private and community courtyards for shared facilities. The ground floor courtyard is open to public and encourages external interactions; the rooftop courtyard pushes for stronger communication between the residences of the block.

Rooftop

Residential midlevel

Live-work maissonette

Architecture: Unit Detail

Residential 1 - 2 Bedroom Level 2-5

Rooftop Studio Maisonette Level 5-7

Rooftop Spaces medium watercolour

External Render Medium Photoshop

Philosophy in Architecture

The secret to community architecture is a sense of ownership of the residence and it is through management and creativity that this sense of belonging is gained. Seeing that the majority of inhabitants in the area have recently migrated to Australia the residential market aims to ease the resettlement and provide a framework for the residence create their own home. At a smaller scale the architecture focuses on a composition of inspiring spaces, built in a way that encourages people to work and live in each space. In return the inhabitants will feel at home and add character to the complex, making it their own.

“

“I think architects should be composers and not designers. They should be composers of elements. The elements are things that are entities in themselves.” (Brownlee, 1997, p.177)

“

Physical Model Scale 1:500 Medium Powderprint 78

Sectional Model Vertical Staircase Scale 1:100

Sectional Model Unit interior Scale 1:100

Graduation Studio June.2014

08 References

Brownlee, DB & Delong. G. (1997), Louis I. Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture, Grand Rapids: Universe.

02 De Sola Morales, M. (2008) A Matter of Things, Rotterdam, NAi Publishers.

Wates, Nick & Knevitt, Charles, 1987. Community architecture. 1st ed. Great Britain: Richard Clay ltd.

04.

Schneider, Friederike. GrundriĂ&#x;atlas: Wohnungsbau = Floor Plan Manual : Housing. Basel: BirkhĂ¤user, 2004. Print.

09 Appendix Precedent studies 01

111 Building, Barcelona - Flores and Prats community, central courtyard

02 28th Street Apartments, Los Angelos - Koning Eizenberg community, resettlement, rooftop courtyard 04 Hackesche Hofe, Berlin - Community architecture typology, community, market, internal courtyard 05 Oderberger StraĂ&#x;e 56, Berlin - BAR Architekten commercial, social inegration

Edificio 111. Social Housing in Barcelona. Programme: 111 Social Houses of 70sqm each, 4 commercial and 111 parking spaces. Promoter: Societat Municipal dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Habitatge de Terrassa (Public Administration). Architects: Flores & Prats Archs, Ricardo Flores and Eva Prats. The social dimension of housing. The Building 111 in Barcelona explores and experiments with the idea of promoting communication, relationships and familiarity so that the neighbourhood can act as the core social structure within society, reverting the tendency toward isolation and individuality. The centre of the project is a large empty space containing three trees and a fountain, surrounded by balconies and terraces overlooking it. Here the local residents live their lives outside on their balconies in order to socialize or to enjoy the views through the enormous opening that frames the Torrebonica Park. This communal patio is a platform for social gatherings where people from a wide variety of backgrounds and cultures talk together. This central patio is reached through an opening in the large outer wall that defines the building from the street. The route from the street to the individual houses, passing through this large patio, is modulated by a sequence of scales, progressively moving from the most open and public spaces all the way to the intimacy and privacy of the home. To enrich the distinction between public and private space, the closures are blurred and opened out in superimposed folds which reconcile both extremes. From one end to the other, from the bedroom to the street, the route is constantly varied. Family greetings intermingle with those of their neighbours in the patio, making the space an extension of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;hearthâ&#x20AC;?, somewhere friends and acquaintances can share their daily lives in a second circle of intimacy. Viewed 19.04.2014, <http://floresprats.com/>

Unfied Exterior

Single Entrance 87

Dissolving the limit between public and private

Connecting parking with Patio

Individual entrance to apartments

Conncection of residents to the courtyard

Views out 88

28th Street Apartments Koning Eizenberg Los Angeles, CA Building on History By Sarah Amelar

The 28th Street YMCA opened in Los Angeles in 1926 on an upbeat: the Spanish Colonial Revival building offered the African-American community a sparkling recreational facility with an indoor pool and affordable accommodations for young men who were migrating from other regions (and prevented by color barriers from staying at ordinary hotels). Philanthropist Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone, a black entrepreneur who amassed a fortune from hair pomades, was one high profile donor. And the building's designer was Paul Revere Williams (1894â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1980), the first registered African-American architect west of the Mississippi. His celebrated output would eventually range from mansions for Hollywood stars, including Frank Sinatra and Lucille Ball, to hospitals, hotels, and even Los Angeles airport's 1961 Jetson-style restaurant building. But the YMCA was an early work, introducing a commitment to affordable housing that would reemerge throughout his career. This four-story concrete building became a city, state, and national landmark, but by 2009, when the nonprofit developer Clifford Beers Housing (CBH) acquired the property, it was in serious disrepair, the residential quarters shuttered. CBH engaged Santa Monicaâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;based Koning Eizenberg Architecture (KEA) to revive the structure and create quality permanent housing, with supportive services, for low-income tenants, including a mentally ill and chronically homeless population. Monthly rent is one-third of each tenant's income. Viewed 25.05.2014, < http://archrecord.construction.com/ projects/portfolio/2013/03/1303-28th-street-apartmentskoning-eizenberg.asp>

Hackescher Markt, Hackesche Hofe Berlin This precedent is the typology I have chosen to study. Residence and Markets have working together historically, but this specific specific is a much more enclosed market and an eclectic chice of products, hence making it a suitable study case

Oderberger Straße 56 Berlin–Prenzlauer Berg, 2009 KfW-Award 2010, 1. Preis Mischen Possible: 1 Financial model Modified Baugruppe. 50% rental, 50% owner occupied. 2 Varied unit area Residential spaces 30-128 m2. Smaller units can be joined to larger units. Commercial spaces 5-54m2. 3 Varied volumes Ceiling heights vary 2.27-5.20m. Except for two studios, double height spaces face south. 4 Varied use Commercial: basement workshop, shop, café and mini-gallery. First floor studios: rental work space, short term residential. Apartments: mixture of rental and owner occupied apartments, guest room. The complex internal structure corresponds to the complexity of the surrounding city. In contrast to residential developments that capitalize on the richness of this urban context, but house only a single use themselves, this project proposes an “internal urbanism” that actively contributes to the continuing evolution of the city as meeting place. Viewed 19.05.2014, http://www.bararchitekten.de/architecture/ m3_oderberger.html#

Oderberger StraĂ&#x;e 56 This mixed-use building in Berlin uses spatial complexity to encourage social interaction at various levels. Densely packed interlocking living, office and commercial units create a socially mixed community of tenants and owner-occupiers sharing one single staircase. The building acts as a place of social exchange and contact. Internally, the sectionally highly articulated units offer open living and work fields, organised as three-dimensional zones rather than closed rooms. The unusual spaces challenge processes of inhabitation and communication. A â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;second architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of stairs, ramps, sliding walls and cabinetry initiates their appropriation. Access from half-landings allows for small units to be split from the main apartment, accommodating the changing circumstances of its inhabitants. BAR Berlin (Base for Architecture and Research) is an architecture and research practice based in Berlin. Photography: Jan Bitter Viewed 19.05.2014, <http://concrete-geometries.net/project/393oderberger-strasse-56/> http://www.bararchitekten.de/architect]]

Yasaman Deylami yassi.deylami@gmail.com N: +61 466 212 039 June.2014

yassi.deylami@gmail.com N: +61 466 212 039 June.2014