INTO THE FUTURE

installed on their yachts of over 50 metres in length. Earlier this year, global engine major Rolls-Royce Power Systems achieved a breakthrough in this energy transition process by successfully running a stationary 12-cylinder MTU 4000 Series petrol engine fuelled entirely by hydrogen. The company also confirmed petrol engines that are already installed can be modified and turned into hydrogen mills, hinting at the possible conversion of yachts that are already powered by the marine engines made by its subsidiary MTU Friedrichshafen.

Another name that is leading the way in hydrogen-powered boats is the French manufacturer Energy Observer, which incidentally is bringing its eponymous vessel to our shores this month. The revolutionary boat, which will be on display at Jetty 2 of Cape Town’s Victoria & Albert Waterfront from 8 to 18 June, is the first hydrogenpowered, zero-emission vessel to be self-sufficient in energy, and serves as a travelling laboratory for ecological transition. It is powered by Toyota’s hydrogen fuel-cell system that services the second generation Mirai zero-emissions vehicle, which was revealed in South Africa earlier this year.

The advantages of hydrogen-powered yachts are many. They can reduce water pollution in sensitive marine ecosystems and contribute to cleaner air quality by eliminating greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. Moreover, the absence of oil or fuel spills associated with conventional engines minimises the risk of water contamination. They also have the potential to reduce noise pollution, which has a significant impact on marine life. Hydrogen-powered yachts also offer extended cruising ranges compared to battery-electric ones as the gas has a higher energy density. This is particularly important for larger vessels and long-distance voyages. There are also economic benefits to using zero-emissions boats and yachts. For example, they need less maintenance than traditional dieselor petrol-powered vessels as there are fewer moving parts and no need for oil changes or the other maintenance tasks associated with combustion engines. They also reduce running costs as they do not require conventional fuel.

From a luxury travel point of view, zeroemissions boats and yachts can provide both a unique and enjoyable experience for passengers. Without the noise and fumes associated with traditional boats, passengers can enjoy a far more peaceful and relaxing environment. The lack of the vibration from the engines also makes for a smoother, more comfortable ride.

However, several challenges could impede the immediate and widespread adoption of hydrogen-powered yachts. Storage and distribution of the gas on a vessel need to be carefully addressed due to hydrogen’s low-energy density and high flammability. Ensuring safety standards, such as proper ventilation and leak-detection systems, is indeed essential. Additionally, optimising the efficiency and performance of fuel-cell systems for marine applications requires continuous research and development. Another crucial factor to consider is the availability of a comprehensive hydrogen refuelling infrastructure.

While hydrogen-powered yachts are still in the early stages of development and deployment, they represent a promising avenue for sustainable boating. Continued advancements in hydrogen production, storage and infrastructure, together with the improvements in fuel-cell technology, will play a vital role in the widespread adoption of hydrogen-powered yachts and the decarbonisation of the maritime industry altogether. ■