Exhibition
Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory
Landscape
Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory
Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory Urban Memory
Legacy Protect
Yuan Jin
ENE
Urban Memory Beijing city wall ruins reconstruction & Exhibition
Approved by Master’s Examination Committee:
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Design in Interior Studies [Exhibitions & Narrative Environments] in the Department of Interior Architecture of the Rhode Island School of Design By Yuan Jin 2020
________________________ Markus Berger Associate Professor, Department of Interior Architecture, [Primary/ Secondary] Thesis Advisor ________________________ Julia Bernert Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, [Primary/ Secondary] Thesis Advisor ________________________ Heinrich Hermann Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, [Primary/ Secondary] Thesis Advisor & Thesis Chair ________________________ Francesca Liuni Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, [Primary/ Secondary] Thesis Advisor Copyright Š 2020 Yuan Jin All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.
2
________________________ Liliane Wong Department Head, Department of Interior Architecture, [Primary/ Secondary] Thesis Advisor
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Acknowledgments:
Ernesto Aparicio
Critic, Department of Graphic Design, Consultant, Graphic Design
Nick Heywood
Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Adviser, Writing and Thesis Book
Paul Mayencourt
Critic, MIT Department of Architecture, Consultant, Structural Engineering
Stephen Turner
Critic, Department of Interior Architecture, Consultant, Energy, Systems and Sustainability
4
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Table of contents
6
10
Abstract
12 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Story about Beijing city wall Inner city wall / gate outer city wall / gate External Factors Internal Factors Contemporary society Introduction The Demise of the City Wall
36 38 42 46
Field Investigation Site Information Save the wall Field Investigation1-3
52 56 58 60 62 66 68 76 84
Thesis Probe Displaying Architecture The need to protect historical sites Tourists 'visiting & Residents needs Urban Planning Skeleton Design Principles Original Site Material Section1-3
90
Beijing City Wall Ruin Park
116 118
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Bibliography Image Credits
Renovation & Exhibition
“In fact, all the ancient big cities are like generous old grandmothers, who show the children a big world that is hard to find, and the children just grow up happily in their loving arms.� Brilliant Beijing
8
Yutang Lin
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Abstract
Ruin Park
The question of how to renovate the Beijing City Wall Ruins Park raises issues that engage exhibition, architectural, landscape, and urban design, not to mention cultural relics protection. It demands that we consider our attitude towards history. The walls and towers that used to surround the city have disappeared over years of changes and demolition. Except for the Zhengyangmen Tower and Deshengmen Tower, only a fragment exists: a section of Ming Dynasty wall in the southeast corner of the inner city.
For me, it is the interpretation of places, such as the memory, materials, people's lives and possibilities. In these elements, it records rich historical aspects. However, these elements are gradually disappearing in such a corner of the city that is under the charge of different administrative regions and national departments. In view of it, my problem lies in how to reweave these elements into the changing urban texture of Beijing and how to use events to weave various activities to this place. In planning and design, architects are more willing to wake up the memory and show the level of history instead of reconstructing the city wall and making fake history, who are more willing to leave all kinds of possibilities for the future instead of adding permanent structure to the city wall, and are more willing to let the charm of history itself show naturally here instead of making a beautiful landscape.
The length of the project site is about 1.5km, which includes the wall fragment. By using the tools of exhibition design, I reactivate the old city wall and the spirit of the place. In my opinion, such a project is of great cultural significance in the process of Beijing's urban transformation. The area surrounding the wall is the threshold for the transformation of Beijing's old city and the outside world. The corner building of Dongbianmen is a landmark even before you enter Beijing station by train. From the perspective of history, it is the key area that can reflect the past development of Beijing city, as well as the development at present and in the future.
10
Beijing City Wall
The exhibition renovation of the Ming City Wall ruins not only transformed the original exhibition facilities, let people better understand this historical monument, but also let this historical monument be integrated into the lives of contemporary people. Different exhibition facilities serve people and the ruins. It can be said that the exhibition facility is the link between the ruins and people. So how to better establish this bond and how to maximize good relationships have become the main problem solved in this project.
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
01
12
Story about Beijing city wall
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
1890
Beijing City Wall
14
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Inner city wall
Inner city gate
The circumference of the inner city wall is 24 kilometers. It is roughly square. Since the north and south walls have been moved away from their original positions, the east and west walls are slightly longer. The northwest part is missing vertices. The inner city of Beijing has been under siege many times. For example, the Yihetuan movement and the Eight Nations Alliance broke out in the Qing Dynasty. With the exception of the League of Eight, all other countries have been successfully defended.
16
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Outer city wall
Outer city gate
The Outer city walls had four corner guard towers and seven gate towers. The outside of the wall was covered with blocks averaging a metre in width. Most of the larger blocks were installed during the Ming dynasty and the smaller ones during the Qing dynasty. The blocks on the interior surface averaged 0.7 metres. The Outer city walls had an average height of 6 to 7 metres. The wall was 10 to 11 metres wide at the top and 11 to 15 metres wide at the base. The western sections were the narrowest, averaging only 4.5 metres at the top and 7.8 metres at the base. Outer city wall section
18
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
1900
External Factors
The Allied Forces of the Eight Kingdoms bombarded Zhengyangmen in the Tianqiu mound, and the arrow tower was destroyed. The fire took place and caused a fire, and the tower was destroyed. The picture shows the destroyed Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower
The hole the British opened in the Chongwenmen urn for the railway. Photography: Sidney David Gambo
20
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Internal factors
1954 After going through various historical periods, especially after the construction of the Beijing subway, there are very few city gates and walls left in Beijing
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the leaders of the Communist Party followed the advice of Soviet experts and placed the administrative center in the inner city.
The picture shows the Dongzhimen overpass under construction in 1987. Photography: Guo Jianshe
The picture shows a student who participated in voluntary labor on the construction site of the Beijing Exhibition Hall in 1954.
22
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Contemporary society
2009
The former residence of No. 3 Zongbu Hutong in Beijing, because the original residence has been demolished. Later it aroused people's disgust, so a new "former residence" was built next to it.
The main hall of Zhizhu Temple became the factory building and office of Dongfeng TV Factory, which was later abandoned. The picture was taken in 2007, a temple surrounded by abandoned buildings
The picture is the former residence of Liang Sicheng
24
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
The cities are always destroyed before they are protected. the planning and protection of Beijing City, the capital city of China, is the same. We cannot just regret that the ancient cities are gone. We must also enhance our awareness of protecting the cities and not let the vicious circle of "destroy before protection" continue.
Introduction
ruin [ru:in] 1a: to damage irreparably b: BANKRUPT, IMPOVERISH ruined by stock speculation 2: to subject to frustration, failure, or disaster will ruin your chances of promotion 3: to reduce to ruins : DEVASTATE
26
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
The Demise of the City Wall
1468-2020
1.5km
24km
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Anding Gate 安定门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
bian Gate 西便门
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Guangning Gate 广宁门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Guangning Gate 广宁门
chongwen Gate 崇文门 Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
Republic Period （1912 - 1949 CE）
Beijing City Wall
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
MING （1368 - 1644 CE）
Dongbian Gate 东便门 Xibian Gate 西便门
chongwen Gate 崇文门 Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
28
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门 Guangning Gate 广宁门
Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Dongbian Gate 东便门 Xibian Gate 西便门
chongwen Gate 崇文门
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Dongbian Gate 东便门
Anding Gate 安定门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Anding Gate 安定门
Urban Memory
China（1949 - Present）
Renovation & Exhibition
There are 11 gates in the metropolis, including three on the east, south and west, and two on the north. From the north to the south, the three gates are: Guangxi Gate, Chongren Gate, and Qihua Gate; from the north to the south, the three gates are: Suqing Gate, Heyi Gate, and Pingzemen; among the three gates on the south: Lizhengmen is in the middle , Shuncheng Gate is in the west, civilization gate is in the east; of the two gates in the north: Jiande Gate is in the west, and Anzhen Gate is in the east.
Ming&Qing Dynasty
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Anding Gate 安定门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
1368-1912 CE
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Dongbian Gate 东便门 Xibian Gate 西便门
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Guangning Gate 广宁门
chongwen Gate 崇文门 Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
30
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
From 1912 to 1949, the Beiyang Government, the Republic of China Government, and the North China Reform Government all carried out planned demolition and modification of the Beijing city. In 1915, the Beiyang government built the Beijing Ring Railway, demolishing the enemy towers near the northeast and southeast corner towers, and opening holes on the walls on both sides of the corner towers; the city walls and gates of Deshengmen, Andingmen, Chaoyangmen, and Dongzhimen were demolished so that The ring train passed through it. In addition, Zhengyangmen Gaocheng was demolished to improve the traffic conditions in Qianmen area. For the convenience of traffic, the Peace Gate, Jianguo Gate and Fuxing Gate were also opened on the inner city walls. In addition to retaining a section of the southern and southwestern walls of the Imperial City, they have also been demolished one after another.
Republic Period
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Anding Gate 安定门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Dongbian Gate 东便门 Xibian Gate 西便门
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Guangning Gate 广宁门
1368-1912 CE
chongwen Gate 崇文门 Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
32
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
In 1949, the capital of the People's Republic of China was Beijing. Since then, the central government has decided that the city walls of Beijing will hinder the construction of modern transportation and is not conducive to urban planning, and it has decided to demolish them completely. The removal of Beijing's city walls has taken a long time. In the 1950s, the outer city walls were completely demolished; the inner city walls were successively demolished from 1953, and during the Cultural Revolution, Beijing built a combatready subway.
New China period
Desheng Gate 德胜门
Anding Gate 安定门
Xizhi Gate 西直门
1949-Now
Anding Gate 安定门
Fucheng Gate 阜成门
Chaoyang Gate 朝阳门
Dongbian Gate 东便门 Xibian Gate 西便门
Xuanwu Gate 宣武门
Zhengyang Gate 正阳门
Guangning Gate 广宁门
chongwen Gate 崇文门 Guangqu Gate 广渠门
Yongding Gate 永定门
Youan Gate 左安门
Youan Gate 右安门
34
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
02
36
Field Investigation
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Site Information
Beijing Mingcheng Wall Ruins Park is located north of Chongwenmen East Street, west to the east of Chongwenmen Old Site, east to the southeast corner of Beijing ’s inner city, and north to the south of the east exit of Beijing Station East Street. And the ground of the southeast corner tower of the inner city is 3.3 kilometers, and the green area is 12.2 millimeters. The existing city wall ruins are 1.5 kilometers away and belong to the inner city wall of Beijing. They were built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. Illegal buildings around the site.
38
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
China, Beijing
40
Our site is located on the east side of the city, close to the city's central historical reserve, is an important part of the protection of historical blocks
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
1970
Save the wall
In the 1970s, it was thought that the construction of the Beijing Railway Station and the city wall became the dormitory of the workers. The people built a temporary dormitory by the city wall, and lived for seven years, causing a second damage to the city wall.
42
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
2000
Save the wall
In order to restore the original appearance of the city wall, the government spent 700 million yuan to relocate the workers ’dormitory. Due to the large amount of funds spent on relocation, it is very unfavorable for the restoration of the city wall ruins. It is currently restored to a simple city park.
44
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Field Investigation-1
2000
D
C A
5.75
3.57
8.19
Plan 1:500
7.31
7.16
4.19
2.41
12.80
27.92
11.36
84.35
3.62
2.67
2.50 12.39
57.52
20.80
80.57
12.10
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
3.57
4.44 3.76
4.81
5.49 4.81
8.07 5.04
8.38
7.28 33.49
7.72
4.40
3.90
7.89 6.52 6.34
6.95
5.24
4.81
3.74
61.15
15.31
5.01
3.52
7.64
7.33
6.07
4.51 13.85
75.71
14.35
47.95
29.91
12.36
5.44
3.82
3.53
5.51 4.48
4.09
22.02
10.00
6.87
5.87
13.23
79.93
58.29
21.49
41.02
N
Plan 1:500
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Plan 1:500
208.41
138.73
43.12
5.59 4.81 80.78
175.74
109.25
4.97
4.41 4.10
4.13 12.80
66.04
13.16
N
Plan 1:500
N Well preserred
F
E
B
37.01
5.12
N Well preserred
12.61
Medium preserred
Plan 1:500
Badly damaged 31.57
48.45
10.79
Plan 1:500
N
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
N Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
120.80
267.04
8.95
18.64
11.63
28.26
12.53
84.26
11.47
57.45
20.87
12.39
68.94
11.64
12.10
13.22
61.10
157.38
65.99
12.36
47.89
29.97
14.35
13.85
75.71
79.93
13.23
22.08
58.88
14.02
47.90
12.80
B1
A1
80.83
Elevation 1:500
A
33.48
15.31
C1
F1
E1
D1
A Elevation 1:500
B
7.31 5.75
3.57
8.19 84.35
11.36
2.67
2.50 12.39
57.52
12.80
27.92
2.41
7.16
4.19
80.57
12.10
13.16
20.80
N
Plan 1:500
Plan 1:500
N Well preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Medium preserred
Medium preserred 175.74 138.73
43.12
109.25
37.01
5.12
8.95
18.64
11.63
57.45 28.26
12.53
84.26
11.47
A1
46
Beijing City Wall
12.39
68.94
11.64
12.10
13.22
20.87
157.38
A1
Urban Memory
B1
Renovation & Exhibition
Field Investigation-2
2000 D
C A
5.75
3.57
8.19
Plan 1:500
7.31
7.16
4.19
2.41
12.80
27.92
11.36
84.35
3.62
2.67
2.50 12.39
57.52
20.80
80.57
12.10
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
3.57
4.44 3.76
4.13
4.81
5.49 4.81
8.07 5.04
8.38
7.28 33.49
80.78
7.72
4.40
3.90
7.89 6.52 6.34
6.95
5.24
4.81
3.74
61.15
15.31
5.01
3.52
7.64
7.33
6.07
4.51
5.44
13.85
75.71
14.35
47.95
29.91
12.36
3.82
3.53
5.51 4.48
4.09
22.02
10.00
6.87
5.87
13.23
79.93
58.29
21.49
41.02
N
Plan 1:500
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
175.74
Plan 1:500
208.41
138.73
43.12
109.25
5.59 4.81
4.97
4.41 4.10
12.80
66.04
13.16
N
Plan 1:500
N Well preserred
F
E
B
37.01
5.12
N Well preserred
12.61
Medium preserred
31.57
Plan 1:500
N
Plan 1:500
Badly damaged
48.45
Well preserred
10.79
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
N Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
120.80
267.04
8.95
18.64
11.63
28.26
12.53
84.26
11.47
12.39
57.45
20.87
68.94
11.64
12.10
13.22
61.10
157.38
65.99
B
80.83
Elevation 1:500
33.48
15.31
C1
C
3.62
3.57
4.44 3.76
4.13
4.97
4.41 4.10
5.59 4.81
4.81
5.49 4.81
8.07 5.04
8.38
7.28 33.49
80.78
12.80
66.04
12.36
47.89
29.97
14.35
13.85
75.71
79.93
13.23
22.08
58.88
14.02
47.90
12.80
B1
A1
7.72
E1
D1
Elevation 1:500
C
4.40 15.31
3.90
7.89 6.52 6.34
6.95
F1
D
5.24
4.81
3.74
3.52 29.91
12.36
61.15
N
Plan 1:500
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Plan 1:500
208.41
N Well preserred
12.61
65.99
B1
48
12.80
61.10
80.83
33.48
Beijing City Wall
15.31
C1
C1
Urban Memory
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed 31.57
48.45
12.36
10.79
29.97
D1
Renovation & Exhibition
Field Investigation-3
2000 D
C A
5.75
3.57
8.19
Plan 1:500
7.31
7.16
4.19
2.41
12.80
27.92
11.36
84.35
3.62
2.67
2.50 12.39
57.52
20.80
80.57
12.10
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
3.57
4.44 3.76
80.78
Well preserred
Medium preserred
5.49 4.81
8.07 5.04
8.38
7.28 33.49
7.72
4.40
3.90
7.89 6.52 6.34
6.95
5.24
4.81
3.74
61.15
15.31
Badly damaged
175.74
43.12
4.81
7.64
7.33
5.01
3.52
6.07
5.44
4.51 13.85
75.71
14.35
47.95
29.91
12.36
3.82
3.53
5.51 4.48
4.09
22.02
10.00
6.87
5.87
13.23
79.93
58.29
21.49
41.02
N
Plan 1:500
Medium preserred
Plan 1:500
208.41
138.73
109.25
5.59 4.81
4.97
4.41 4.10
4.13 12.80
66.04
13.16
N
Plan 1:500
N Well preserred
F
E
B
37.01
5.12
N Well preserred
12.61
Medium preserred
Plan 1:500
Badly damaged 31.57
48.45
10.79
Plan 1:500
N
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
N Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
120.80
267.04
8.95
18.64
11.63
28.26
12.53
84.26
57.45
20.87
11.47
12.39
68.94
11.64
12.10
13.22
61.10
157.38
65.99
80.83
D Elevation 1:500
5.01
15.31
C1
7.64
7.33
6.07
4.51 13.85
75.71
14.35
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
14.35
Almost destroyed
14.35
47.89
29.97
79.93
13.23
22.08
58.88
5.44
3.82
3.53
Elevation 1:500
14.02
47.90
13.23
22.02
10.00
58.29
Plan 1:500
F1
F
6.87
5.87
5.51 4.48
4.09
79.93
E1
21.49
41.02
N Well preserred
267.04
75.71
13.85
75.71
D1
E
N
Well preserred
47.89
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
120.80
13.85
79.93
D1
50
33.48
E
47.95
Plan 1:500
12.36
12.80
B1
A1
13.23
22.08
58.88
E1
E1
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
14.02
47.90
F1
Renovation & Exhibition
03
52
Thesis Probe
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Thesis Probe
in·ter·ven·tion | \ ˌin-tər-ˈven(t)-shən \ a: the act of interfering with the outcome or course especially of a condition or process (as to prevent harm or improve functioning)
54
Beijing City Wall
The question of how to renovate the Beijing City Wall Ruins Park raises issues that engage exhibition, architectural, landscape, and urban design.The length of the project site is about 1.5km, which includes the wall fragment. The exhibition renovation of the Ming City Wall ruins not only transforms the original exhibition facilities and let people better understand this historical monument, but also let this historical monument be integrated into the lives of contemporary people.
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Displaying Architecture
Authenticity / Spirit of Place
Through the above picture, we can analyze the sub-buildings, proportions, proportions, relationship with the surrounding environment, surrounding trees, and the impact of different light or high temperature on the environment.The building on the right is located inside the museum, which will better protect the building, but the feeling it brings is different.but the feeling it brings is different. The displacement of an architecture from its original site causes a loss of context
As a certain outdoor site, my site must be followed to maintain the authenticity and the spirit of the place.Although the skyline around the building has been destroyed, there are many ancient trees around our site, these trees will also be part of the protection and exhibition
Outdoor
56
Indoor
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
The need to protect historical sites
Heritage Protection
Emphasize true historical remains The focus of protection is historical style Ensure the inheritance and function of culture
58
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Tourists /
Residents needs
Site Activation
Understand the past Understand now Feel the Site Participate in local activities Provide rest and gathering places Provide convenience
60
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Urban Planning Skeleton
Design specification
Most of the existing ancient local cities are left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are many plains in the north. The cities often adopt the square pattern, with the cross street or T-shaped street as the skeleton Analysis of the ratio of eaves height and column height of traditional Chinese architecture
62
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Urban Planning Skeleton
Design specification Market
Market
Imperial City
City Wall
Design specification
Imperial City
City Wall 30°
30°
60°
30°
30°
90°
30°
30°
64
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Urban Memory
30°
Renovation & Exhibition
30°
Renovation & Exhibition
Design Principles
frag·men·ta·tion | \ ˌfrag-mən-ˈtā-shən , -ˌmen- \ 1: the act or process of fragmenting or making fragmentary 2: the state of being fragmented or fragmentary
dis·tin·guish \ di-ˈstiŋ-(g)wish \ 1: to perceive a difference in 2: to mark as separate or different 3: DISCERN
66
Beijing City Wall
After conducted research and registration, it became clear that the architectural project needed to frame the area for the visitors. Since there are no artefacts to be displayed in the exhibition, the scenery itself should be on display, and the architectural input should underline this. Corten Steel is chosen to match up with the history of the walls, but also to explain the contrast between the constant and the changing in the area. Because our original intention was to protect historical sites. Instead of creating new landmarks
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Original Site
68
Beijing City Wall Ruin
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
N
D
C A
5.75
3.57
8.19
Plan 1:500
7.31
7.16
4.19
2.41
12.80
27.92
11.36
84.35
3.62
2.67
2.50 12.39
57.52
20.80
80.57
12.10
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
3.57
4.44 3.76
4.13
5.59 4.81 80.78
4.81
5.49 4.81
8.07 5.04
8.38
7.28 33.49
7.72
4.40
3.90
7.89 6.52 6.34
6.95
5.24
4.81
3.74
5.01
3.52
61.15
15.31
7.64
7.33
6.07
4.51 13.85
75.71
14.35
47.95
29.91
12.36
5.44
3.82
3.53 79.93
5.51 4.48
4.09
22.02
10.00
6.87
5.87
13.23
58.29
21.49
41.02
N
Plan 1:500
Medium preserred
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
175.74
Plan 1:500
208.41
138.73
43.12
109.25
4.97
4.41 4.10
12.80
66.04
13.16
N
Plan 1:500
N Well preserred
F
E
B
37.01
5.12
N Well preserred
12.61
Plan 1:500
Badly damaged
Medium preserred
31.57
48.45
10.79
Plan 1:500
N
Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
N Well preserred
Medium preserred
Badly damaged
Almost destroyed
120.80
267.04
8.95
18.64
11.63
28.26
12.53
84.26
11.47
57.45
20.87
12.39
68.94
11.64
12.10
13.22
61.10
157.38
65.99
120°
70
12.36
47.89
29.97
14.35
75.71
13.85
79.93
13.23
22.08
58.88
14.02
47.90
12.80
B1
A1
80.83
120°
150°
Beijing City Wall
33.48
15.31
C1
E1
D1
150°
Urban Memory
F1
120°
Renovation & Exhibition
N
72
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
N Structural Layer 01 Punched Aluminum Plate Bordering the site completes the original wall perforated aluminum Structural Layer 02 Corten Steel Visiting bridge Link inside and outside the wall, and provide service facilities
Structural Layer 03 Corten Steel Ground Plaza and Exhibition Facilities This part connects the entire park,At the same time provide exhibition boards and exhibition facilities in combination with the tour route.
74
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Beijing City Wall
Material
Corten Steel
Transparent Tempered Glass
Structural Layer 02 Corten Steel Visit bridge
As a seam plug between two bridges
Structural Layer 03 Corten Steel Ground Plaza and Exhibition Facilities
Corten steel is chosen for the structures that carrying and guide the visitors, while the original volume of the wall is achieved through stretches of perforated aluminum sheets attached to supporting steel columns anchored in the wall fragments.
Punched Aluminum PlateďźˆFluorocarbon spraying Structural Layer 01 Punched Aluminum Plate
76
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
78
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
80
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Lecture Square
Observation Deck
Facilities Observation Deck 03
Facilities Observation Deck 04
History lecture Movie space Activity Relax
Feel the scale of the city wall Short stay to listen to the introduction Relax
Feel the scale of the city wall Short stay to listen to the introduction Elevator Stairs Bathroom
Feel the scale of the city wall Short stay to listen to the introduction Elevator Stairs Bathroom
City wall bookshop
Cafe
Metal Exhibition Channel Exhibition Space Crowd guidance
Gathering square 02 Exhibition Space History lecture Activity Relax
Metal Exhibition Channel Exhibition Space Crowd guidance
Gathering Square 03 Exhibition Space History lecture Activity Relax
N
82
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Section
Observation Deck 01
A
Section A-A1
A1
84
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Section
Facilities Observation Deck 03
B
Section B-B1
B1
86
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Section
Facilities Observation Deck 04
C
Section C-C1 C1
88
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
04
90
Beijing City Wall Ruin Park
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
01
92
lecture / projection space
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Lecture projection space, Located at the starting point of the site. Some lectures on the city wall will be organized at specific times during the day to help visitors understand the history. It can become a resident ’s square at night and provide movie screenng.
94
This drawing shows the seats at the entrance, in addition to the exhibition information, the lower right panel contains the history of the city wall. At the same time, the black panel in the upper right corner restores the height of the original city wall. We can see that the black part accounts for the majority, and the original city wall remains very little.
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
02
96
Sitting Area / Infomation
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
03
98
Ground Level
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Look at the bottom of this picture is the corton steel road, which means this is part of the exhibition, the distance of this metal walkway is the same as the wall of a unit, so after walking, people understand the scale of the wall
100
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
04
Exhibition Panel
102
Beijing City Wall
Ground Level
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
104
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
06
106
Observation Bridge
Beijing City Wall
Wall Level
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
The black structure of this photo represents the original height of the city wall. This panal is very close to our observation deck, giving people a different feeling inside and outside the city
This picture describes the back of the city wall. We can see that the metal facilities in the distance include elevator stairs, cafes and toilets, which provide convenience for people.
108
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
07
110
Ground Level
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
08
112
Ground Level
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
A hundred years ago, the center of Paris was drastically transformed, thus changing the old, foul and dirty faces of the Middle Ages and becoming one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Now strolling in Paris, the attractions are compact, relaxed, and integrated. This neat and symmetrical, overall harmonious feeling was a major contribution to the original renovation. However, such a large amount of money is still controversial, and the point of view of treating this matter with Hugo is: "I oppose going to the old and building a new one. I feel sorry and sad for the old buildings that survived the time and the war but were destroyed by the hand. The situation of each area and block is different. On the premise of adhering to the protection of historical and cultural heritage, it is the goal of the reconstruction of the historical block to ensure the safe and comfortable coexistence of the traditional architectural form and style and modern use function.
114
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Bibliography [1]Anthony M. Tung.2014.《世界伟大城市对的保护—历史大都会的毁灭与重建》(Offres spéciales et liens associés)[M]. Tsinghua University Press [2] Wang Jun. 2003. 城记 (City Record)[M]. SDX Joint Publishing Company [3] Junhong Wang. 2009. 美国建筑遗产保护历程研究 (Study on the Protection of American Architectural Heritage)[D]. Southeast University Press
[14] Zhang Yuhuan 2000 "A Hundred Questions on Chinese Ancient Architecture", Archives Press, March 2000, ISBN 7-80019-754-9, p. 113 ("9 / (Thu): What are the characteristics of Beijing Heyuan? Is the Heyuan of Beijing the same as that of Beijing Heyuan? "; The full text of this section is reproduced on the Beijing Hutong Network:" Beijing Hutong and Siheyuan Internet Archive, Archive Date [15] Shu Le. 2006. "Archives of Alleys and Hutongs Archived by the Internet Archives, Archived Date 2007-10-16.", Beijing Evening News
[4] Long Ma. 2014.Destruction is not extinguishing-the significance and inspiration of the reconstruction of the historical center of Warsaw City[D]. Proceedings of the Annual Conference and Academic Symposium of the Chinese Society of Architectural History
[16] Xiao Mo, 2010. Beijing Siheyuan [Permanent Link], excerpt from Chapter IX of Ming and Qing Architecture in History of Chinese Architectural Art (II).
[5]Wilma Canon Fairbank .1994.Liang and Lin : partners in exploring China's architectural past; Wilma Fairbank ;University of Pennsylvania Press . ISBN 7-5059-2674-8.
[17]Beijing City-level Sister Cities. Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing Statistics Bureau (China Statistics Press).
[6]Fairbank, Wilma. 1994. Liang and Lin. Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
[18] Jiaju Liu. 2006. " 淸史拼图 " P.45, Shandong Pictorial Publishing House
[7]Shu Lin. 1996. Architect Liang Sicheng.China Architecture & Building Press [8]Wong, Sidney . 2008. "Lin Huiyin（林徽因）and Liang Sicheng（梁思成） as Architectural Students at the University of Pennsylvania (1924-27)" Planning and Development 23 (1): 75–93 [9]Old Beijingers called the courtyard house a courtyard house. 2006. See what year Miyagi is still tonight. Archived by the Internet Archive, dated China Architecture News [10]Wong, Sidney. 2015. "Searching for a Modern, Humanistic Planning Model in China - The Planning Ideas of Liang Sicheng (1930-1952)" Journal of Architecture and Planning Research 32 (4): 324–45.
[19]Atwell, William S. (2002), "Time, Money, and the Weather: Ming China and the 'Great Depression' of the Mid-Fifteenth Century", The Journal of Asian Studies, 61 (1): 83–113 [19]Bickers, Robert and Tiedemann, R.G., The Boxers, China, and the World. Lanham, MD; Rowman and Littlefield, 2007 [20]Aaron Simon Daggett. America in the China Relief Expedition. Hudson-Kimberly
publishing. 1903: 106–107. [21]Morrison, Dr. George E. "The Siege of the Peking Legations" The Living Age, Nov 17, 24 and Dec 1, 8, and 15, 1900
[11]Yang Yongsheng. 2005 Five Architects of Architecture. Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House. ISBN 7530642294. [12]Dou Zhongru. 2012. "Liang Sicheng Biography" Tianjin: Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-5306-6041-6 [13]Gu Jun. 2012. The Basic Types and Cultural Symbols of Beijing Courtyard House. Knowledge of History and Culture.(Issue 8)
116
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
Image Credits Book Cover http://www.6tuba.com/img/cbdcda4d4b8b4633db7c7c3b9aeb1b1b.html
118
p8
http://yinxiangtv.com/web/SlideDetail.aspx?cl=22&id=731
p 12
https://bostonraremaps.com/inventory/boxer-rebellion-peking/
p 14
http://www.6tuba.com/img/cbdcda4d4b8b4633db7c7c3b9aeb1b1b.html
p 16
北京的城墙与城门 [The Walls and Gates of Peking]
p 18
北京的城墙与城门 [The Walls and Gates of Peking]
p 20
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/54320946
p 22
http://yinxiangtv.com/web/SlideDetail.aspx?cl=22&id=731
p 24
http://roll.sohu.com/20120129/n333107968.shtml
p 38
https://www.sohu.com/a/194718929_610385
p 40
Apple map
p 42
http://www.obj.cc/thread-102751-1-1.html
p 56
http://www.gooood.com
p 62
https://kuaibao.qq.com/s/20180323G13UQI00?refer=spider
Beijing City Wall
Urban Memory
Renovation & Exhibition
YUAN