BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 (BLD 61403) PROJECT 2
CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS NAME: KHOO YUNG KEAT STUDENT ID: 0324688 TUTOR: AR. EDWIN YEAN LIONG CHAN
CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction
1
2.0 Precedent Study: Roof System
2-6
2.1 Precedent Study: Structural System 2.2 Precedent Study: Facade system 1 2.3 Precedent Study: Facade System 2 3.0 Facade Design Scheme 1 (Front & Rear Elevation)
7 - 10
3.1 Facade Design Scheme 2 (Front & Rear Elevation) 4.0 Sectional Perspective 1: Top Floor
11 - 12
4.1 Sectional Perspective 2: Ground Floor 5.0 References
13
01
1.0 INTRODUCTION
South Klang Learning Centre for All Studio V Final Project Brief
The final studio V project is an urban infill site that calls for the proposal of a learning centre in Jalan Besar or Jalan Stesen 1, South Klang. Our design required us to consist of appropriate architectural responses that address the aspects of the urban street context and user behavioural patterns as discerned and analysed in the preliminary studies.
Requirements
Location: Jalan Besar / Jalan Stesen 1, South Klang Build Area: 1200 - 1300 sqm Floors: 3 - 5 Storeys Corner Lot Building
Site Elevation of Site B (Not to Scale)
Selected Site
Site Plan (Not to Scale)
2.0 ROOF SYSTEM Precedent Study: Sawtooth Roof PAJOL SPORTS CENTRE
Block direct sunlight exposure
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
02
Diffuse afternoon light
Steel Structural Roof Framing with Skylights
SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION A series of north facing sculpted roof lights
MATERIALITY Steel, Low E-glass, Pine Timber ADVANTAGES 1. Allow daylights enter the building spaces 2. Blocks the light and heat of direct sun exposure 3. Reduce energy consumptions
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL Steel Beam
Thermal Insulation 60 MM
Steel Tray Thermal Insulation 10 MM Photovoltaique membrane
DISADVANTAGES
Steel Tray
1. Spaces can be hot if the roof is not designed or constructed properly 2. High maintenance cost 3. High chance for water leakage especially with complex slope configurations
Sarnafil Roof Membrane
Glazing Lighting
Gutter
Fixings Acoustic Absorption 80 MM MW Pine Battens 40 MM x 20 MM Steel Beam
Component of sawtooth roof system
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
BUILDING INTRODUCTION The Pajol Sports Centre is a new facility in the 18th arrodissement of Paris. Arranged over three levels, the building is formed of two opaque volume at lower ground and upper levels, which sandwich a transparent public space at entry level
Architects: Brisac Gonzalez Location: Paris, France Area: 4060 sqm Project Year 2012
1. The direction of glass panel facing 2. Apertures and slopness of the roof plane 3. Number of sawtooths: A serires of three sawtooths increase efficiency 4. Cool roofs and radiant barriers have been introduced to improve passing cooling features to prevent overheating 5. Choice of materials to be selected wisely. Such as low E-glass or window film can reduce radiant heat penetrated via sawtooth roofs 6. Well insulated roofs with reflective finishes should be considered when constructing the roofing system
REASONS FOR CHOICE Sawtooth roof system allows daylight penetrates into the learning centre which can reduce the usage of artificial lighting. Besides, it can prevent direct hot sun during the afternoon
enter
the
learning
centre
Construction Process 1. The principle C-channel rafters are first attached onto the roof beam at the respective angles to create the sawtooth profile 2. The supporting elements, such as the post, strut and bolts are then bolted onto the principle rafters 3. The C-channel purlins are then attached to the rafters to support the roofing materials 4. Each ‘tooth’ is completed into a module and are connected to other modules facing a similar angle to form the complete sawtooth roof construction
2.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
03
Precedent Study: Steel Framing System & Precast Hollow Concrete Slab ROYAL CUSTOMS COMPLEX
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
1. Strong & Durability 2. Easy Fabrication in Different Sizes 3. Fire Resistance 4. Pest & Insect Resistant 5. Moisture & Weather Resistance
1. Thermal Conductivity 2. Reduced Flexibility on Site 3. Buckling 4. Susceptile to Corrosion 5. High Maintenance Cost
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 1. Foundation & Column Connection Detail
2. Column & Beam Connection Detail
Steel column is secured with bolts and nuts againist natural forces
Steel Plates Bracket, or tee connect web of beam to side of column. Beam assembly is bolted to the column in the field
System: Cast In-situ Pad Footing
H-Column
Column Continuity Plate
H-Column CJP Weld
Steel Base Plate Beam
Nut Anchor Bolt
Anchor Bolt
Shear Tab
Concrete Stump
Weld Access Hole
Isometric View Exploded Isometric View
H-Column
BUILDING INTRODUCTION The office and residential complex located in Kelana Jaya is a mixed-development that accomodates for the Custom Malaysia staff. Architects: Garis Architect Sdn. Bhd Location: Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Project Year: 2004 Structural System: Steel Framing System
Ground Slab Ground Beam Anchor Bolt Concrete Stump
Section View
Bolt
I-Beam
Exploded Isometric View
Installation on Site 1. Clean the site for bridging the steel structure 2. Erection of steel column and steel beams 3. Connect the steel structure by bolt, weld, pins and rivets 4. Installation precast wall and floor to beams 5. Fastening the connection
2.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
04
Precedent Study: Steel Framing System & Precast Hollow Concrete Slab 3. Slab & Beam Connection Detail System: Precast Hollow Core Slab
Precast slab of prestressed concrete typically used in the construction of floors in multi-storey buildings. It is also known as voided slab, hollow core plank or simply a concrete plank
Installation on Site 1. Inspection of Production Items on Site
5. Adjustment, Curvature Equalization
2. Unloading, Hoisting
6. Positioning, Installation of Ties
3. Interim Storage
7. Concreting of Junctions and Joints
Elements of Hollow Core Slab Rectangular Opening
Cut at an angle
Round Opening
Edge End Cut Angular Cut
Precast hollow core slab is layered on I-Beam as a support In Situ Concrete or grout fill along shear key joints
In Situ Concrete
Milled Slot
Hollow Core Transverse ReinforceUniversal Beam with Prewelded Headed Studs
Precast Hollow Core Slab
Gap for Screed / Structural Topping
4. Installation REASONS FOR CHOICE
Reinforcement Bar
Stirrups
1. The 3 to 5 storey high learning centre requires high strength and durability to ensure the stability of building and structures. 2. Steel framing systems allow the beams to span relatively stronger distances, hence reducing the number of columns required.
2.2 FACADE SYSTEM 1
05
Precedent Study: Perforated Brick Facade POROSCAPE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
1.Durability Bricks do not deteriorate easily and can withstand high compressive force, reducing cracking risks 2. Versatile Bricks can be stacked in several methods to create visual framing or partial porosity 3. Thermal Comfort Bricks have low heat absorption rate, providing a cool and pleasant indoor climate 4. Fireproof Bricks can withstand high heat, giving fire protection to building
1. Heavyweight Material Stress applied on the structure is high, requires strong structural system to support facade 2. Bulky Bricks are usually heavy and creates a massive building due to its bulky physical property
MATERIALITY Traditional Clay Bricks, Concrete
REASONS FOR CHOICE It allows flexible openings which can allow daylight penetration, ventilation and visual permeability between the interior and exterior. Different sizes of the opening able to create a sense of curiousity which attracts user from the street
to
enter
the
learning
centre
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 1. The perforated wall is based on the traditional single flemish bond, with the header components removed to form the perforation 2. The brick construction is bonded by steel plates which are then connected to the main concrete structure of the building via square steel pipes. Elevation Details
Section Details
Traditional Brick
Tempered Glass
Steel Plate
Situated at the corner of Insadong Road within the retail district of Seoul, Poroscape is a structure designed for Dolsinai Co., an apparel business in South Korea
Tempered Glass
Other finishes
Tempered Glass
L- Angle Other finishes
Other finishes
Cedar Concrete Exposed Finish
Architects: Younghan Chung Architects
Project Year: 2012
Other finishes
Steel Plate
Plan Details
Area: 191.12 sqm
Steel Plate
Column Structure Steel Plate
BUILDING INTRODUCTION
Location: Seoul, Korea
Facade Details
Steel Plate Moulding Column Structure Tempered Glass
Column Structure Other Finishes
Tempered Glass
Glass window with overlayed brick facade of small openings
Glass window with overlayed brick facade of big openings
2.3 FACADE SYSTEM 2
06
Precedent Study: Foldable & Rotatable Timber Louver Facade Luxury Apartment
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
1. Everchanging facade give a sense of dynamism to the building 2. Beatiful raw aesthetical value of wood material display 3. Adapt to the changing of climatic conditions and building occupant needs 4. Increase durability and suitablility of the facades with the current building demands, which targets for energy efficiency and thermal comfort level
1. Flexible facade requires maintenance as the connection are weaker 2. Complexity in design might result to higher construction
MATERIALITY Timber, Steel CONSTRUCTION METHODS & DETAILS
cost
REASONS FOR CHOICE Klang has a hot and humid climate on site where the sun shines on the side facade and the proposal of this kinetic facade allows controlling the different amount of natural lighting penetrated into the indoor spaces depending on the user’s favours as well as allowing flexible functionality and creates dynamic changes on the exterior faces to attract users to enter the learning centre
The main facade is defined by two planes. One flush with the facades of the adjacent buildings, comprises stainless steel and glass to ensure optimum lighting for the apartments on the upper floors, the shop and the communal area of the building, supported by three black iron pillars. The other, nearest to the street, like a veil forming a filter between the pavement and the interiors, is a wooden brise-soleil. The structure is separated 45 cm from the facade and is made up of four different mechanisms, turning the facade into a dynamic element that reinvents the Majorcan-style louvered shutters that protect the windows of our neighbours. Lengthways Section
Endcap Cast Aluminium Member M6 Screw Support Frame (50x75x5 thk, G.M.S, R.H.S M5 S.S. Screw Timber Panel
BUILDING INTRODUCTION In a small passage, in the city centre. The neighbours protected themselves from the exterior with thick walls and balconies. We have to work with lighweight elements, so we designed the facade as a succession of layers
Timber Panel Cast Aluminium Member
Architects: Mateo Architectura
Support Frame
Location: Barcelona, Spain Area: 907 sqm Project Year: 2013
Support Frame
Transversal Section
3.0 Facade Design Scheme 1 (Perforated Brick Facade)
07
Front Elevation Scale 1 ; 100
3.0 Facade Design Scheme 1 (Perforated Brick Facade)
08
Rear Elevation Scale 1 ; 100
3.1 Facade Design Scheme 2 (Timber Louver Facade)
09
Front Elevation Scale 1 ; 100
3.1 Facade Design Scheme 2 (Timber Louver Facade)
10
Rear Elevation Scale 1 ; 100
4.0 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1(Top Floor)
11
DETAIL 2: Slab to Beam Connection
DETAIL 1: Facade Connection
Concrete Screed
I-Beam One Layer of Gypsum Deflection Head
Perforated Arrangement
Mineral Wool Packing 1 Layer of Gypsum Based Board or other fire proofing material between Primary Steel Beam and Light Steel Light Steel Frame Separating Wall
Not to Scale Bricks
DETAIL 3
Beam
Not to Scale
DETAIL 3: Roof System Metal Flashing Glazing
DETAIL 1
Metal Deck
DETAIL 2
Ceiling
300 x 200 mm I-Beam
Stepped Cap Flashing Gutter Lining Flashing Gutter Box Downpipe
Not to Scale
Scale 1 : 50
4.1 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2 (Ground Floor) DETAIL 1: Foundation
12
DETAIL 4: Facade Detail Endcap Cast Aluminium Member M6 Screw
300 x 300 mm H-Column
Support Frame (50x75x5 thk, G.M.S, R.H.S M5 S.S. Screw
150 mm Ground Slab
Timber Panel
300 mm Ground Beam Anchor Bolt Concrete Stump
DETAIL 3
Not to Scale DETAIL 2: Colum to Beam Connection
300 x300 mm H-Column Continuity Plate CJP Weld
300 x 200 mm I-Beam
Support Frame
Not to Scale
DETAIL 2
DETAIL 4
Shear Tab
Weld Access Hole
Not to Scale
DETAIL 3: Brick Wall Detail H-Column
Backer Rod & Sealant, Both Sides of CMU Wall Wire Anchor Brick Light Gage Metal Backer
DETAIL 1
Provide Gap Equivalent to Frame Drift Anticipated
Not to Scale
Scale 1 : 50
5.0 REFERENCES 1. Sawtooth roof. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.build.com.au/sawtooth-roof 2. Pajol Sports Centre / Brisac Gonzalez. (2014, January 09). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/465263/pajol-sports-centre-brisac-gonzalez?ad_medium=gallery 3. Sawtooth Roof Project - When I worked as a carpenter for the Coastal Heritage Society I got to rebuild and repair a Sawtooth roof. This is a ... | Gunter | Pinterest | Sawtooth roof, Roof detail and Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/427208714633380344/?lp=true 4. 2012. Renovation Projcet. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://archiholic.com/portfolio/poroscape/ 5. Poroscape / YounghanChung Architects. (2012, August 17). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/263967/poroscape-younghanchung-architects 6. Luxury apartment building by Josep Lluis Mateo. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/luxury-apartment-building-josep-lluis-mateo
13