Building Construction 2 Project 1

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II BLD 60703 / ARC 2513

PROJECT 1: SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION (TEMPORARY BUS SHELTER) ANALYSIS REPORT

Tutor: Prepared by:

Ar. Edwin Chan Anderson Wong Chun Seng 0323836 Goh Tze June 0327511 Khoo Yung Keat 0324688 Lim Zhao Yin 0329356 Ooi Wenn Yeaw 0323836

INDEX Introduction

1

Design Concept

2

Massing

3

Design Development

4

Design Considerations

5-6

Orthogonal Drawings

7-8

Exploded Axonometric

9

Material Analysis

10-11

Construction Details

12-13

Construction Process

14

Loads & Forces

15

Final Outcome

16

Load Bearing Test

17

Conclusion

18

References

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INTRODUCTION

The objectives of this project are to create an understanding of skeletal structure and its relevant structural components, and how it reacts under loading. In a group of five, we were assigned to construct a temporary bus shelter to accommodate 5-6 users in the scale of 1:5, where the maximum height and base area are 600mm and 400mm x 800mm respectively.

We are required to demonstrate a convincing understanding of how a skeletal construction works, while taking factors such as form, frames, joints and materials into account.

1

DESIGN CONCEPT

In relation with the ever-increasing urban population in Malaysia, the design of our temporary bus shelter is made to blend in with the urban areas of our country, where urbanites nowadays prioritize stability and practicality in their buildings and structures.

Hence, our design tends to focus more on construction and user needs.

2

MASSING The massing of the bus shelter is to be a combination of two forms, which we have chosen a triangular prism and a cuboid for our design.

The triangular prism is placed on top of the cuboid to shape the form of the roof. Slanted flat roofs are practical – they can reduce the velocity of falling raindrops and direct the waterflow.

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Triangular forms are also made to distribute the forces applied from one point to the other two equally.

Cuboid forms are typically used and easy to be calculated in dimensions. Their right-angled form maximizes the usage of space, as well as providing stability and consistency in nature.

3

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

1

The initial idea was to combine both cuboid and triangular prism to create a trapezoid form. The frame at the back were slanted to create a more interesting form of design.

However, difficult calculations were needed to be made to determine the degree of the slant. Hence, the design was improvised.

2

The structure were simplified and the front columns were removed, maximizing the availability of space. The columns at the back were straightened but not entirely to retain some degree of slant.

This design, yet provides sufficient stability for the structure to hold.

The slanted flat roof was in risk of collapsing.

3

As the design progresses, the columns at the back were straightened vertically, shifted forward to the near middle and pierced through the roof. Tension strings were attached from the top of the columns to the middle front of the roof to hold it in place. Structural supports for the back of the roof and joists were added as well.

4

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

SCALE 1:50

SCALE 1:50

SCALE 1:50

SCALE 1:50

SCALE 1:50

7

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

SCALE 1:50

SCALE 1:50

8

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC TENSILE STRING KNUCKLE BOLT

PURLINS

TIMBER SEATING

POLYCARBONATE ROOFING SHEET

KNEE BRACE

BEAM

TIMBER TILING

STEEL HOLLOW COLUMN

SILL PLATE

FLOOR JOISTS

CONCRETE STUMP PAD FOUNDATION

9

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS SCREW FINISH FLOOR LEVEL

TIMBER TILE FLOOR JOIST

GROUND LEVEL CONCRETE STUMP

PAD FOUNDATION

TIMBER TILE FINISH FLOOR LEVEL FLOOR BEAM GROUND LEVEL

SQUARE HOLLOW SECTION ANCHOR ROD All the floor beams and floor joists are welded together.

CONCRETE STUMP The floor beam is welded with with the sill plate.

PAD FOUNDATION The sill plate is screwed to the concrete stump.

12

A

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

B

KNUCKLE BOLT TENSILE STRING RAFTER

C

KNEE BRACE

COLUMN

COLUMN

STEEL BAR SCREW L-CHANNEL

FINISH FLOOR LEVEL

A

B

C

TIMBER TILE

Roof beam and rafter are welded together using knee brace and a tensile string for support.

Metal plate is screwed with the column to hold the knuckle bolt. The knuckle bolt is tightened with a tensile string to hold the roof.

The seating steel plate sits on the square hollow section and is welded to it.

13

FORCE AND LOAD

1

These are the components which bears the main load of the structure. They also make up the general framework of the bus shelter.

3

The roof is supported by bracing to deal with tensile force as an additional support while retaining the head room.

2

4

The secondary components functions as load distributors as they distribute load evenly to the primary components. This prevents the primary components from being unevenly stressed.

The main load is transferred from the roof, which then the active load from the roof is distributed to the connecting bracing following to the column.

15

CONCLUSION Upon completion of this project, we were able to grasp a more thorough understanding on skeletal constructions and how each joint is connected.

We have also acknowledged the need to manipulate the construction of the structure to accommodate with the issues on the strength and stability of our design, the ability to construct it, and how it reacts under forces, stress and strain.

Material-wise, by understanding each of the chemical and physical properties, we were able to select the most suitable materials to be used, thus improving the practicality of our temporary bus shelter. In the context of real life working situations, the cost benefit analysis of the selected materials should also be considered.

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