Khoo Yung Keat Loh Shu Wei Tan Yang Wesley Wong Wong Lieng Kam
0324688 0331016 0328025 0330496 0323566
Table of Content Chapter 1.0: Introduction 1.1 History of Building 1.2 Building Owner 1.3 Technical Drawings 1.4 Photobook Chapter 2.0: Context 2.1 Key Plan 2.2 Site Plan 2.3 Location Plan 2.4 Demographics Data Chapter 3.0: Architectural Features & 3.1 Architectural Style 3.2 Architecture Elements 3.3 Dilapidation Survey Chapter 4.0: Proposal 4.1 Contextual, User Response, Concept & Intention 4.2 Content Driven Idea 4.3 Precedents 4.4 Proposed Program 4.5 Proposed Drawings 4.6 Proposed Furniture Layout 4.7 Visuals Chapter 5 5.0 References
1.0 Introduction
Lim, 2018 ©
An introductory section that contains general information and premise of the assignment.
1.1 History of Building
Lim, 2018 ©
A BUILDING OF 9 DECADES; A TOKEN OF HISTORY Located along Jalan Stesen which was once a distinctive street, right across Klang’s famous Teck Teh Bak Kut Teh shop, Seraph Awaken inhabits a century-old shophouse building which stands still along with its predecessor before, during and after World War II. Previously the shophouse was owned as Wah Yuen Kopitiam where it was a typical Malaysian coffee shop serving local delicacies, now it has been renowned to an old minimalist oriental style café that is dedicated into hand-brewing their coffee. With Late Straits Eclectic style, this pre-war colonial building was built by Yap Kian, the founder of the Fu Wan Xiang Construction Company. The design was influenced by a late British Resident, Frank Swettenham (1850-1946), in whereby his regulations determined the layout of the shophouses back during the late 19th century. This 162m2 shophouse was titled in 1928 and completed in 1929. The first floor was once served to harbor laborers working at and around the old Klang Railway Station located behind Seraph Awaken. However, the ground floor of the shophouse retains its function as a coffee shop until today. According to the founder of Seraph Awaken, no major renovation and restoration have been done to the building to alter its form and massing. Instead, only minor changes to the interior dé cor.
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1.2 Building Owner
Figure 1: Founders of Seraph Awaken, Mr. Tan Chun Hoong and Ms. Ng Cheau See Credit: Kamsol, 2018
TENANTS – MR. TAN CHUN HOONG & MS. NG CHEAU SEE: AN INSTIGATOR OF CHANGE Having graduated from New Era College with a major in fine arts, following by a degree in Taiwan, Ng Cheau See, 30, is the founder, roaster and barista of Seraph Awaken, together with her husband, Tan Chun Hoong, 38. Like many young Malaysians, her love affair with the dark brew started with having part time job as a barista at specialty coffee shops that have been blooming throughout the country during her studies. Unlike many others, however, her love did not stop at coffee appreciation. Her confidence bolstered by her new-found skills, she took the initiative to research about coffee beans herself to have a deeper understanding on how they are being processed, roasted, ground and brewed. Tired of being an employee, soon later, which was five years ago, she met her husband who also worked tirelessly in the F&B industry for one employer after another, with no sense of fulfilment (Jo, 2016).
1.2 Building Owner
Figure 2: Coffee paraphernalia used to brew coffee at Seraph Awaken Credit: Wong, 2018
Putting their heads together, they dreamt of a coffee shop, one to call their own. As with many small businesses, funds were not sufficient and to keep things realistic, they decided to take to the streets and find a spot where they could pair their love for brewing coffee with meeting people, leaving behind Cheau See’s five-year studies as a fine art student. They soon started to sell coffee in a roadside-setup, alongside the fruit sellers and “pasembur” food trucks at Bandar Bukit Tinggi 2 (Koh, 2015). With some determination and good old fashioned hard work, the husband- and-wife team finally took over the 87-years-old Wah Yuen Kopitiam by renting and making it a place to call their own after a year of selling coffee at the roadside. That passion and commitment shows from the way she and her husband sit patiently in front of the roasting machine and cold brew drip coffee filter, meticulously roasting batch after batch of coffee and ensuring of its quality. While it may seem like hard work, for Cheau See and Chun Hoong, who juggle being a roaster as well as a barista, it is all worth it.
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1.2 Building Owner
Figure 3: Owner of the shophouse building, Mr. Lim Peng Hok Credit: Kamsol, 2018
1.2 Building Owner
Figure 4: The address imprinted on the paper by Mr. Lim Credit: Wong, 2018
OWNER – MR. LIM PENG HOK Born in 1943, Lim Peng Hok, a Fuzhounese, is now the owner of the shophouse building, together with one of his family members, Lim Ming Chai. Like many old generations, he grew up helping out at Wah Yuen Kopitiam together with his parent and siblings. Many years before, his late father, Lim Hee Kuan, first started a traditional family-run coffee shop business near the oldest cinema of the nation, Coliseum Theatre at Batu Road, which is Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Kuala Lumpur today. The traditional coffee shop was sheltered in a wooden structure with zinc roof, which was also declared as TBG (Temporary Building) by the local authority back then. However, on January 8th, 1956, the structure which also served as dwelling for the family, was engulfed by fire with unknown reason. The fire made them losing their business and forced them to relocate their home.
After putting Wah Yuen Kopitiam on rent for almost a year, in 2015, Peng Hok finally rented his shophouse to Chun Hoong and Cheau See who have the similar mindset with him, in which they are willing to keep the traditional look of the shop, yet integrating with the antique design elements in her modern style café without affecting the layout of the building, which becomes part of the living soul in the café .
In search of a new home, Peng Hok and his family moved to their relatives house temporarily for around 6 months. On June 15th, his father found this two-storey shophouse and rented it from the owner, Yap Kian’s later generation, to continue running the their local traditional coffee shop business in the shop. Together with his family, Peng Hock moved into the shophouse and stayed on the first floor. His father remained the Chinese name from the previous kopitiam, Wah Yuen, as well as the function of ground floor as dining area, mahjong room and kitchen.
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1.3 Technical Drawings
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1.3 Technical Drawings
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1.3 Technical Drawings
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1.3 Technical Drawings
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1.4 Photobook
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1.4 Photobook
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1.4 Photobook
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1.4 Photobook
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2.0 Context
2.1 Key Plan
Figure 5: Key Plan
Bong, 2018 Š
An in-depth collection of information regarding the historical aspects of the site.
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2.2 Site Plan
2.3 Location Plan
Figure 7: Location Plan
BRIEF HISTORICAL TIMELINE Jalan Stesen 1 is located right at the heart of South Klang, a street away from the Klang Railway Station which is the earliest railway station in the country. According to stories from the interviewees, Jalan Stesen 1 was once the busiest street in Klang as many locals, miners and traders would gather here for business and leisure purposes. After the Japanese Occupation in the 1940s, the activities of gangsterism, gambling, prostitution, cockfighting and opium consumption started to flood the street as demanded by the Chinese migrants (Gullick, 1998). It was alsoonce labelled “the dirtiest street� by the locals since the street reached itsgolden age between the 1940s and 1960s. Today, Jalan Stesen 1 has evolved into the quietest street in Klang, with two rows of old, dilapidated shophouses left behind.
Figure 6: Site Plan
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2.4 Demographics
2.4 Demographics
Figure 9: Age distribution of Klang’s population as of 2010 Source: https://www.citypopulation.de/php/malaysia-mukim- admin.php?adm1id=1002
AGE Figure 8: Demographics of Klang based on ethnic groups Source: https://www.citypopulation.de/php/malaysia- admin.php?adm2id=1002
ETHNIC GROUPS Klang has an estimated population of 240,016 as of 2010 with an unsteady population growth throughout the years selected for comparison. The following figure shows that population increases by ethnicity. The demographic in Klang is generally represented by the four main ethnic groups in the country: Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Others. However, there is a drastic change in population after 1970. The differences in proportion are unusually large, notably in year 2010. There is an over-representation of Malay community in Klang which correlates the history involving the migration of the Chinese community due to inflation and the establishment of Little India town along Jalan Tengku Kelana which attracts the population of Indian Muslim community.
According to the data obtained from City Population (2010), Klang is populated by youths of 20-29 years old, followed by middle-aged, kids, adolescents, and eldery. The younger generations are over-represented in Klang. This is mainly because of the overwhelming job opportunities provided by Port Klang which attract more youths to work in the area since its establishment. Most produces their offspring and forming families here, leading to an increase in the number of middle-aged and younger populations. However, the elderly population (50+ years old) is unusually less, with assumed reason of mass migration back then.
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2.4 Demographics
Figure 10: Occupation distribution by sector for workers between 15 – 64 age group of Klang as of 2006 Source: http://luas.gov.my/icm/knowledge_center/bckground_demogrphy.htm
OCCUPATION The Klang district hosts a total labour force of 431,518 which comprises 289,797 men and 145,268 women as of 2006. The pie chart clearly demonstrates the manufacturing sector in Klang that employs the most workers, followed by the government and business sectors. This is because there is a large sum of manufacturing industries surrounding Port Klang which involves many skilled workers for mass productions. The shophouses that are abundance within the new and old town only employ about a small handful of workers, therefore limiting the labour force needed for this business sector.
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3.0 Architectural Features
3.1 Architectural Styles
Figure 12: Late Straits Eclectic Style Shophouses Source: Lee, n.d.
LATE STRAITS ECLECTIC STYLE
Lim, 2018 Š
A compilation of our observation of the building’s physical impairments, in which were thoroughly observed.
Heritage shophouses in Klang fall into four main historical styles, which are Early Straits Eclectic Style, Late Straits Eclectic Style, Art Deco Style and Early Modernism Style. Each style has its own distinctive architectural and decorative features which hold a representation of different period of times (Han, 2005). Late Straits Eclectic Style is the earliest style that occurs between 1910s and 1940s. Timber and clay are the main materials, which bring decorative ornaments to the building. Furthermore, material catalogues and shipping in this period have allowed the import of decorative building materials such as glazed tiles and cast iron. Compared to the same style of architecture in Spain, this type of architecture was born as a result of the Panama-California Exposition, and became a U.S. style movement from 1915 to 1931. It is a hybrid style based on the architecture found during the early Spanish colonization of North and South America. White stucco exterior and walls are commonly found with arches. Another feature of Spanish Eclectic Style is the ornamental ironworks which are finely crafted wrought iron works (David, 1996).
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3.1 Architectural Styles
3.1 Architectural Styles
Figure 14: Ionic columns on the upper storey façade Credit: Kamsol, 2018
IONIC COLUMN There are three ionic columns with square Tuscan bases found on the upper storey façade, which are decorated with volutes and ornate flutings design. It has been suggested that the ornament was inspired by the curve of a ram’s horns, or perhaps was derived from the natural spiral found in the ovule of a common species of clover native to Greece (Definitions, n.d.). Alternatively, it may simply be of geometrical origin. It is very com mon to be seen on the façade of building with Early and Late Straits Eclectic Style. Figure 13: Front façade of Seraph Awaken Credit: Kamsol, 2018
FRONT FACADE The exterior of the shophouse is normally composed of white, ochre, opal green and light indigo blue colours. Rubber boom at that time further encouraged more elaborate decorative façade. For Late Straits Eclectic Style shophouses, it is common to have red-coloured cement screed with gridded indentations column. Along Jalan Stesen 1, shophouses are mainly characterized by French windows. Columns are found on both sides of a shophouse which support its front façade. Apart from that, plaster started to be introduced into the buildings, from arches, 3-dimensional decorative plaster wall with intensive use for both Chinese and European decoration, to relief carvings of writings which slowly become a need for each of the building nowadays (Straits Settlements Heritage, 2013). Also, they have a range of traditional features including terracotta clay-based roof tiles, geometric pattern ceramic floor tiles and wall tiles.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 15: Exterior masonry columns on lower storey facade Credit: Lee, 2018 Figure 16: Interior masonry columns on ground floor level Credit: Koid, 2018
Diagram 1: Position of exterior masonry columns on the ground floor
Diagram 2: Position of interior masonry columns at the ground floor
EXTERIOR MASONRY COLUMNS
INTERIOR MASONRY COLUMNS
There are two masonry columns found at the lower storey facade painted with red after screed with plaster. The plasters complimenting Late Straits Eclectic Style are gridded with indentations at intervals to create a symmetrical designed column. To reduce the dullness of symmetrical design, rectangular masonry column was added thinner masonry on the front and back to create a depth effect. There are leaves motif ornaments decorated on the top segment of the grid pattern columns.
There are 11 masonry columns found within the interior of Seraph Awaken. Eight columns led straight up to the first-floor level to support the roof beams whereas the remaining three support wooden beams below the zinc roof. Columns on the party wall are shared among two shophouses, therefore only part of the columns extruded out of the wall. The masonry columns covered with plaster at ground floor level are fixed with ceramic tiles of different colours and dimensions.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 17: Interior columns on first floor level Credit: Wong, 2018 Figure 18: Traditional wooden bi-folding shutter door at the entrance Credit: Wong, 2018
TRADITIONAL WOODEN BI-FOLDING SHUTTER DOOR The traditional wooden bi-folding shutter door is the one and only old- fashioned shutter door design left among all the shophouses along Jalan Stesen 1, in which it can only be locked from inside for security and safe reason. It is joined by 3 hinges, with the door wings facing inside of the shop and its knuckles facing outside the street. Made from local timber, the corners of the shutter door have decayed over the past decades. Diagram 3: Position of interior masonry columns on the first floor
INTERIOR MASONRY COLUMNS As compared to ground floor level, all plastered masonry columns found on the first-floor level are only finished with light white wall paints with some stripping, except for the column at the bathroom on the first floor which is finished with ceramic wall tiles similar to the ground floor.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 20: Metal door gate as the rear backdoor Credit: Wong, 2018
Figure 19: Metal grill sliding door Credit: Wong, 2018
METAL GATE DOOR METAL GRILL SLIDING DOOR Metal grill sliding door is located on the ground floor level of Seraph Awaken, where it separates the spaces between cafeĚ and the rear of the shophouse. It is folded to the side when it is opened. The door was inherited from Wah Yuen Kopitiam, which gives business an additional security and protection as it secures the barrier between the entrance of the cafe and the rear backdoor.
Metal gate door is designed with a vintage wooden lock and latch which is installed at the rear back door for safety purposes. The design of iron is one of the feature inspired by the Spanish Eclectic Style, which ornamental ironwork is found. However, the metal gate door is found slanted due to the building’s condition of being uneven.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 22: Jalousie window on top of fixed window in first-floor washroom Credit: Wong, 2018
Figure 23: Jalousie window beside roastery room 2 Credit: Wong, 2018 Figure 21: Fixed window Credit: Lee, 2018
FIXED WINDOW Fixed window with timber framing, cast iron mullions and transom window on top is part of the original design of the French windows which can be found on the ground floor where it circulates the air entire surrounding of the storage room. Through this window, one is able to sight into the corridor from the room. Figure 24: Jalousie window in living area Credit: Wong, 2018
JALOUSIE WINDOW A patent for a basic louvered window was a popular hand-cranked glass, aluminum, and screen window combination. It was first designed by American engineer, Van Ellis Huff, which found widespread use in temperate climates before the advent of air-conditioning (AP, 1987). There are total of three Jalousie windows which can be found in Seraph Awaken as it is common for older shophouses to have windows split horizontal sections which open and close at an angle. This style emphasizes on simple and clean horizontal lines. Besides, new materials are used such as glass and stainless steel.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 25: Two sets of double casement French window Credit: Kamsol, 2018
DOUBLE CASEMENT FRENCH WINDOW In Seraph Awaken, double casement French window can be found on the first-floor level of the façade; full height, side-hung and double-shuttered and featured with transom windows and fanlights above them. Timber post and rail are part of the original design of the French windows; the timber-framed windows usually have timber-paneled shutters, which open inward with vertical iron security bars. On top of each window, there is a keystone at the centre which acts as part of the decorations.
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 26: Top view of skylight Credit: Wong, 2018
Figure 27: Skylight brightens up corridor Credit: Wong, 2018
SKYLIGHT The skylight can be found along the corridor of the ground floor, in which it allows maximum sunlight to penetrate the interior during daytime to brighten up the space. In addition, the corridor used to be a spot for Hokkien noodle stall where the skylight acts as a manual exhaust fan during the old time.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 28: Single side hung window on a fixed window Credit: Wong, 2018
SINGLE SIDE HUNG WINDOW Single side hung window is installed on the fixed window located at the washroom on the first-floor level. It is believed that the reason of installation is because during the old time, people used to dry their clothes along the top of the shed zinc roof.
Figure 29: Wooden staircase of the shophouse Credit: Azman, 2018
WOODEN STAIRCASE There is only one staircase in the shophouse, which is positioned in the storage room of the ground floor level, which leads users to the living area on the first floor, a refreshing experience as users leave the small room into a vast space. Furthermore, a door gate is secured as a barrier from the ground floor to first floor, dividing the public space and private space.
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3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 30: Gable roof on the first floor Credit: Kamsol, 2018
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 31: Jack roof with clerestory Credit: Kamsol, 2018
Diagram 4: Section highlighting position of gable roof Diagram 5: Section highlighting position of jack roof
GABLE ROOF Terracotta clay-based roof tiles, natural red-orange colour, are commonly used back in the old times. It is installed by placing overlapping and interlocking rows of tile on the roof. While a front-gabled building faces the street with its gable, a side-gabled building faces it with its cullies, meaning the ridge is parallel to the street. The terms are used in architecture and city planning to determine a building in its urban situation.
JACK ROOF WITH CLERESTORY Jack roof with clerestory can be found at the living area on the first-floor level, which allows natural light to penetrate in while still preserving privacy. Followed by a vertical wall that sits between the two sloping sides is symmetrically featured with a row of windows in a gable-type design, which helps to admit light and to circulate air.
Front-gabled buildings are considered typical for German city streets in the medieval gothic period, while later Renaissance buildings, influenced by Italian architecture are often side-gabled. In America, front-gabled houses, were popular primarily between the early 19th century and 1920 (Roofing in Colorado, 2018).
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3.2 Architectural Elements
3.2 Architectural Elements
Figure 33: Jack roof with clerestory Credit: Kamsol, 2018 Figure 32: Bird eye view of back façade showing shed roof Source: http://www.goo.gl/4DyZ7A
Diagram 7: Section highlighting position of zinc roof
Diagram 6: Section highlighting position of shed roof
ZINC ROOF SHED ROOF Shed roof can be found connecting the end of gable roof with a valley rafter. It is a single sloping roof built on two walls with different height to form a pitch at one wall. The construction of a shed roof is much more economical compared to a gable roof. The shed roof also protects the interior from excessive sunlight in the afternoon.
Corrugated zinc sheet roof is used at the middle end of the building where one wall on the first-floor level’s roastery room is built taller than the opposite one to create the pitch, creating slopes down in only one direction. The long slope of the roof makes it a good choice for use with skylights for natural lighting penetrates the ground floor level’s corridor interiors and help protect the house interior from excessive sunlight at certain times of the day. The shed style roof once developed drainage problems due to its design but has been fixed afterwards.
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
3.3 Dilapidation Survey
The building defects and dilapidation in Seraph Awaken were mainly due to deficiency in the design, negligence in supervision of construction process, defective building materials and improper usage of the materials. From the envelope of the shophouse, we observed nine types of defects from the existing damages to the building. These are also aspects of the shophouse that require further attention on reconstruction and maintenance though a very small degree.
Figure 35: Mould growth on the surface of wood plank Credit: Koid, 2018
MOULD GROWTH
Figure 34: Slab settlement on the interior floor slabs Credit: Koid, 2018
The building defects and dilapidation in Seraph Awaken were mainly due to deficiency in the design, negligence in supervision of construction process, defective building materials and improper usage of the materials. From the envelope of the shophouse, we observed nine types of defects from the existing damages to the building. These are also aspects of the shophouse that require further attention on reconstruction and maintenance though a very small degree.
Moulds are found growing on surface of the wood plank that is supporting the zinc roof at the rear exterior of the shophouse. They are made of dead organic materials when warm, moisture and airy conditions are present. Therefore, they are commonly found near water leaks in a building. They are reproduced by spores which are then carried by air currents. Moulds have effect on people, causing them to have colds, sore throat, nasal congestion and skin irritations. Apart from that, mould growth is a superficial phenomenon that does not affect the strength or long-term durability of the wood.
Figure 36: Moss growth on floor and wall Credit: Wong, 2018
MOSS GROWTH Mosses are mainly grown on the surface of the floor and the bottom part of the wall located at the back exterior of the shophouse. They are small flowerless plants that grow in dense green clumps under shady condition. The surface of the mosses that holds water moisture from the roof leakage, is a slip, trip, or fall safety hazard when people are walking on it. The surface of moss growth may also lead to spalling of the slabs and deterioration of the wall depending on the hardness of the slabs and concrete.
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
3.3 Dilapidation Survey
BLACK STREAKS ON CLAY ROOF TILES The sources of these black streaks are algae called Gloeocapsa magma spread by airborne spores, in which could be found on the terracotta clay roof tiles. The algae survive through photosynthesis and by feeding on limestone filler used in asphalt shingles. This dark and wet environment of the roof is the ideal habitat for the algae. The algae appear blue-green when the organism forms an outer coating to protect themselves from ultraviolet rays. When decayed, the algae turn black and accumulates all over the clay roof tiles.
Figure 39: Exposed surface of metal pipe at the rear exterior is uniformly corroded Credit: Koid, 2018
ECOLOGICAL DEFECTS: UNIFORM CORROSION (GENERAL CORROSION)
Figure 37: Black streaks on the outer surface of the terracotta clay roof tiles Credit: Kamsol, 2018
Uniform corrosion, also known as general corrosion, can be found on the exposed surface of metal pipes at the rear exterior of the shophouse. The metal pipes are corroded uniformly due to the exposure from the open atmospheres and nature waters, leading to a rusty appearance. The corrosion can be solved through adding a thin layer of paint coating, galvanization and cathodic protection (Mahdi, 2016).
Figure 40: Corroded surface on metal door grill Credit: Koid, 2018
LOCALIZED CORROSION Figure 38: Black streaks on the inner surface of the terracotta clay roof tiles Credit: Lee, 2018
Localized corrosion, unlike uniform corrosion, specifically targets one small area of the metal structure. In Seraph Awaken, it can be found on the surface of the metal door grill located at the rear exterior of the shophouse. The watermark retains on the painted or plated surface when rainwater breaches the paint coating. The effect of corrosion begins at small defects in the coating and spreads to cause structural weakness. The ornaments on the metal grill of the back door are corroded and rusted even though it is painted.
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
3.3 Dilapidation Survey
CONCRETE DEFECTS: EFFLORESCENCE
DRY ROTTING
Efflorescence of concrete can be found on the wall of first floor corridor. It is caused by humidity, condensation, moist condition, low temperatures and dews on concrete. There might be rainwater entering from the top of pitched roof and causes reaction with the minerals in the concrete. As the area is covered with little wind flow and sunlight penetration, the rainwater cannot be completely evaporated, therefore left white salts deposited on the surface of the concrete wall, in which eventually leading to the effect of efflorescence.
In the shophouse, dry rot can be found on the surface of wooden staircase and wood panels of the clerestory. It is a wood decay caused by certain species of fungi that digest parts of the wood to reduce the wood strength and stiffness. Wood powders have not been formed which indicates the condition of dry rot is not severe. Without proper protection, intense damage can be caused to the wood and may be resulting in a huge collapse.
Figure 41: Efflorescence of concrete wall along passage Credit: Koid, 2018
WOOD DEFECTS: WOOD CRACKING
Figure 45: Dry rot on surface of wooden staircase Credit: Koid, 2018
BROKEN GLASS / CRACKS: BROKEN GLASS / CRACKS
The wood cracks can be found at the wooden doors, door frames, and wood trusses of the shophouse. These are caused by aging throughout time, because the shop lasts for almost a century. The wood expands and contracts whenever there is a change of temperature, the wood cracks when it reaches its limit. However, some cracks are caused by human behavior, for instance, the door frame is cracked due to continuous opening and closing.
Figure 42: Wood cracks on the bottom of door Credit: Koid, 2018
Figure 44: Dry rot on wooden panels of clerestory Credit: Lee, 2018
Thick paint-coated glasses on the transom windows are found on most doors and windows on the ground floor and first floor of the shophouse. However, a few of paint-coated glasses are broken on the edges, which is mainly due to constant slamming of the doors and windows below. It also starts with stress cracks that tend to curve in the shape of an hourglass and will most likely result in a complete window replacement after a period of time.
Figure 43: Air vent frames cracked Credit: Lee, 2018 Figure 46: Paint-coated glass window cracked at the edge Credit: Koid, 2018
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
3.3 Dilapidation Survey
WINDOW FRAME CRACKS
WALL DEFECTS: DAMP PATCHES AND HOLES IN THE WALL
The timber window frame cracks, which can be found at those window frames in the shophouse, are damaged due to moisture penetration as timber is not a long-lasting material in moist. This further leads to weakening of the wood and decay. It has been kept by paint but on the other hand overpainting contributed to the damage of the original wooden frame. Swollen wood due to moisture causes the glass window to crack and even break. Cracks also occur by structural movement of the building.
Damp patches are found on the walls as a result of excess of moisture that cannot escape and also because of the age and state of the shophouse. The older the building is, the more amount of moist it will be condensed. The natural tendency of moisture is to spread out from wet to dry areas, and also to move downwards under the influence of gravity. Here, there are two types of dampness caused by a local build-up of moisture depending on where itshows up, which are “rising damp” and “penetrating damp”.
Figure 47: Cracked timber window frame due to moisture Credit: Kamsol, 2018
Figure 49: Penetrating damp patches on the concrete wall Credit: Kamsol, 2018
WALL DEFECTS: MOUSE HOLE Holes made by rats and mice are mainly found at the bottom part of the wall throughout the shophouse. Rats and mice will cause serious damage to all kinds of structures in the shophouse as the latter is very old, has poor repair and no rodent-proofing. They also destroy insulation, electrical wiring, plumbing, and other structural components of the building. Sometimes, rodents can be seen running across the public area within the shophouse, affecting cleanliness of the space and impression of the customers while having coffee.
Figure 48: Mouse hole at the bottom corner of the wall Credit: Koid, 2018
WALL DEFECTS: PLUMBING LEAKAGE Majority of the plumbing leakage are found near plumbing fixtures like pipes, sinks and toilets. Lack of regular checking on the plumbing systems over a long time and poorly-sealed flashings may result as a leakage through the exposed pipes on walls and ceilings. If proper solutions are not implied, the plumbing vent pipes may face malfunctioning, followed by damage to the main drain pipes. Ceilings that harbor excess amounts of water are prone to collapsing and mould growth, both of which can be a major hazard to the well-being of the shophouse.
Figure 50: Rising damp patches on the concrete wall Credit: Wong, 2018
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3.3 Dilapidation Survey
3.3 Dilapidation Survey
FLOOR DEFECTS: BUCKLING OF MOSAIC CERAMIC FLOOR TILES
FINISHING DEFECTS: STAINING
The buckled mosaic ceramic floor tiles can be found along the corridor on the ground floor of the shophouse. Possible causes of the cracks and buckles include lack of flexible adhesives used and lack of expansion joints in concrete that allow for the expansion and contraction of the concrete substrate during the laying of the tiles. When concrete substrate cracks, this is transmitted to the tile above in the form of a reflective crack. Here the tile cracks are long, continuous, and extending across multiple tiles, likelihood is high that the concrete below has more cracks.
Staining can be found in most of the spaces throughout the shophouse. It is caused by on-site construction which is not finely done and left with many mistakes and accidental errors. Due to improper care while renovating the building, the floors are stained with paint and other liquids, which have been left as it is now. These worsen the appearance of the building, making it look dirty and untidy.
Figure 51: Buckled mosaic ceramic floor tiles Credit: Koid, 2018
FINISHING DEFECTS: PAINT PEELINGS
Figure 53: Staining on the timber flooring Credit: Koid, 2018
From the exterior to interior spaces, most of the walls have paint peelings. In this case, the main cause of this defect is moisture and lack of renovation and proper care. During painting, the moisture in the air sticks on the walls and makes it nearly impossible for the paint to settle. As a result, moisture weakens the adhesive properties of the paint. When water penetrates through the paint coatings, it causes the layers to separate and detach from the surface. This eventually leads to bulging, cracking, and finally peeling.
Figure 54: Paint staining on five-foot walkway Credit: Lee, 2018
Figure 52: Paint peelings on exterior column Credit: Koid, 2018
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4.0 Introduction
4.1 Concept & Intention
Lim, 2018 Š
According to the interviews from the owner, they indeed love coffee very much. They hope to have an opportunity, through some sort of programme that can let the public know about the enjoyment of indulging a cup of coffee. A design proposal for the rejuvenation of Seraph Awaken based on the founders’ purpose and intentions.
Initial Intention 1. Help the owner to promote coffee culture in Klang Initial Idea 1. Enhance artistic / sensitive experience in the cafe 2. Create a social enterprise hub for social interaction 3. Perhaps create a coffee gallery 4. Perhaps create a coffee museum to unfold the history of coffee culture in Malaysia
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4.2 Content Driven Idea Contextual Analysis:
Intention:
1.
Scattered Community
1.
Create a Sharing Platform
2.
Lack of Business Opportunities
2.
Strengthen Business Connection
3.
Repeating Redundant Functions
3.
Develop Creative Community
Owner Wants: 1.
Promote Coffee Culture in Klang
Proposed Idea: 1.
Promote Coffee Culture in Klang
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4.3 Precedents Studies
Petaling Street Heritage House （乡音馆） Location Petaling Jaya Purpose Promote Chinese Art & Culture
Ground Floor: Cafeteria
First Floor: Chinese Opera Exhibition Gallery China House (唐人厝) Location Penang Purpose Re-adaptive Reuse of Functionality of Shophouse
Ground Floor: Cafeteria
First Floor: Art Gallery
Chocha Foodstore Location Petaling Street Purpose Re-adaptive Reuse of Functionality of Shophouse
Ground Floor: Cafeteria
Restoration of the Heritage House takes about nine months. It combines a restaurant with an exhibition centre, dedicated to preserve various aspects of Chinese cultures of old immigrants to Malaysia especially the traditional Chinese stage opera. Ground floor serves the dishes from different districts from China including Hokkien, Foo Chow, Hakka, Cantonese and Teo Chew. First floor serves as the exhibitions space which displays retro items gathered from the ancient community.
First Floor: Meeting and co-working space
China House is a traditional compound that reuses and alters the functionality of 3 heritage buildings, linked by an open air courtyard. It is converted into 14 spaces comprising shops, cafes, restaurant, galleries, live music and bakery. It completely redefines Penang`s cafe arena. Ground floor is retained as the cafe with three eateries. First floor is altered as the art gallery that features creative masterpieces of renowned artists monthly. Set in the middle of China House is another open courtyard landscaped in the style of Chinese gardens in Suzhou. It features a small pond that serves a serene spot for visitors to take photography.
Chocha Foodstore is an ambitious amalgam of a tranquil restaurant with an upcoming wine lounge, coffee bar, co-working space, newsagent and bicycle rental shop with a raw, almost unvarnished authenticity shored up by charming embellishments. Ground floor serves as the cafe with long table shared by the customers to enhance bonding and intimacy. First floor serves as the coworking space for people working individually or collarboratively in a shared office space. Meeting space is especially for business conference or discussion.
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4.4 Proposed Program Imagination is More than Knowledge Exploring the Creativeness: Beyond Just a Cup of Coffee
Coffee Art Making Workshop Coffee Station + Coffee Art Workshop (powder + bean + liquid)
Create an artworks exhibition, art-making space (coffee or non coffee based) / coffee art studios to enhance 5 senses. Walkway Gallery
A coffee making space to host coffee brewing lesson by the community, workshop and social gathering based around a love of coffee, user can brew coffee using paraphernalia and beans provided by Coffee Station.
A walkway showcasing the process of coffee making; from planting, harvesting, machinery / natural processing, roasting, brewing until the process of being consumed.
Components can be reused as art making mediums.(storage supplies: paraphernalia, beans & paper)
Making the cafe become a social enterprise hub for soci Co-working Space A shared working environment, free desk for individual freelancer to do their own business. Making the cafe become a social enterprise hub for social interaction
Visitor gets to hang their artwork on the wall once the art is done, giving a sense of ownership
Coffee “spilled” art
Coffee “powder” art
Coffee “bean” art
Coffee Drawing
Non-Coffee
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4.5 Proposed Drawings
Art Gallery Corridor
4.5 Proposed Drawings
Coffee Station + Workshop
Co-working Space
Circulation
Ground Floor Plan
Meeting Space
First Floor Plan
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4.6 Proposed Furniture Layout
Ground Floor Plan
4.6 Proposed Furniture Layout
First Floor Plan
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4.7 Visuals
COFFEE STATION +COFFEE ART MAKING WORKSHOP
CO-WORKING AREA
WALKWAY GALLERY
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5.0 References 1. Glossary of Terms for Wrought Iron Door Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://www.canteradoors.com/glossary-of-terms/Glossary of Window and Door Terms. (n.d.). Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://www.marvin.com/support/glossary 2. The Origin and History of Chinese Malaysian Culture. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2018, fromhttps://asianinspirations.com.au/asian-culture/theorigin-and-history-of-chinese-malaysian-cult ure-2/ 3. Zienchuk, J. (2015, October 13). An Introduction to Singaporean Kopi Culture. Retrieved February 28, 2018, from https://epicureandculture.com/an-introduction-to-singaporean-kopi-culture/ 4. Zinc Roofing has a rich global history and is known for its long lifespan. (n.d.). Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://wadearch.com/zinc-roofing/
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