Tales of 3 cities orchard road

SINGAPORE

ORCHARD ROAD

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CONTEXT GEOGRAPHY DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY CULTURE URBANITY HISTORY ENGAGING CONTEXT DESIGN CONCEPTS CONCLUSION

DP ARCHITECTS X ORCHARD ROAD

INTRODUCTION

AS A COMMERCIAL RETAIL CENTRE, ORCHARD ROAD IS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT CHANGE, BOUND TO THE TIDES OF THE ECONOMY, AS MUCH AS IT IS TRANSFORMED BY TRENDS IN COMMODITIES AND FASHION. IN ORCHARD ROAD’S MOST RECENT ERA OF DEVELOPMENT, DP ARCHITECTS HAS WORKED TO INTEGRATE COMMERCIAL RETAIL SPACE WITH THE PEDESTRIAN STREETSCAPE BY APPLYING A SET OF DYNAMIC DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT REINVENT THE TRADITIONAL SHOPPING CENTRE. THIS ASSIGNMENT CONSTRUCTS A TIMELINE FOR DP ARCHITECTS’ WORK, BEGINNING IN THE 1970S, AND WITH A FOCUS ON THE FIRM’S PROJECTS COMPLETED IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM. 9 PROJECTS ARE FEATURED, WITH PHOTOGRAPHY ACCOMPANIED BY TEXT DETAILING EACH DESIGN AS A RESPONSES TO SPECIFIC SITE HISTORY AND PATTERNS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT.

KEY PLAN

Singapore

647.5 sq km

Orchard Road located at the Central Region of Singapore

DEMOGRAPHY

Density of Population in Singapore

ORCHARD ROAD

INTRODUCTION

“POINT OF CONVERGENCE FOR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE” -SERVES AS A STAGE FOR THE LARGEST RANGE OF HUMAN ACTIVITY -SINGAPORE’S MOST CELEBRATED SHOPPING STREET -A SITE WHERE VISITORS CONGREGATE, EAT, DRINK AND BECOME ABSORBED BY A MILIEU OF RECREATIONAL FORMS -STAND ALONGSIDE WITH SOME BEST SHOPPING LOCATIONS IN THE WORLD

ORCHARD ROAD

GEOGRAPHY

LOCATION PLAN

Orchard Road

2.2 km shopping belt

MRT Pedestrian

Orchard road is the main shopping street of Singapore.

North of the Singapore river, to the west of the central business district, orchard road turns into Bras Basah road as it heads east.

SITE PLAN

Orchard Road

Orchard Road measures 2.2 kilometres in length, stretching from Tanglin Road at its western end to Bras Basah Road in the east. The Orchard Road Planning Area covers one square kilometre of land designated primarily for commercial development.

DP Architects has redefined the face of Singapore’s most celebrated shopping street by reinventing pedestrian engagement with architecture.

ORCHARD ROAD

DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY

Population in Orchard Road Total Population

POPULATION DEVELOPMENT IN ORCHARD TANGLIN, 410 BOULEVARD, 440 SOMERSET, 110 Data retrieved from: https://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/visualising-data/infographics/economy

ORCHARD ROAD

ECONOMY

ECONOMY

Singapore

Data retrieved from: https://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/visualising-data/infographics/economy

ECONOMY

Orchard Road

Data retrieved from: https://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/visualising-data/infographics/economy

ORCHARD ROAD

CULTURE

CULTURE

Orchard Road

As a national identity, orchard road fulfills the symbolic economy and reflects the tastes of a new middle-class consumer This sophisticated environment emphasizes speed( fast food and rapid transit) and gathers youth and shows the flows of workers and tourists

As an identity of celebration, orchard road provides street performances and festival celebration at the public spaces to achieve variety and vibrancy

ORCHARD ROAD

HISTORY

The Evolution of Orchard Road

HISTORY

1920s.

1900s.

By the turn of the 20th century, Orchard road had established itself as a merchant centre for the trading of goods and services.

1910s.

Orchard Road’s large-scale commercial development was initiated with the 1905 opening of the Singapore Cold Storage Company.

With more people settling in orchard road, functional buildings such as Amber Mansion which had residences upstairs and shops downstairs served both their tenants and shoppers from the vicinity.

1940s.

As a corridor connecting the port with wealthy residential estates,outlets were built to cater to the upper classes.

The Evolution of Orchard Road

HISTORY

1970s.

1960s.

Orchard Road became Singapore’s retail landmark following the 1958 construction of CK Tang Shopping Centre, the nation’s first up-scale department store.

The widespread construction of high-rise towers dotted Orchard road with hotels and commercial office spaces.

1970s.

By 1974, Orchard road became a fully one-way street, and over the next decade a number of low-rise buildings made way for large scale shopping centres.

Architecture is subject to constant alteration

HISTORY Orchard road must accommodate changes as retailers continually renew their image to remain relevant.Forms are unique in that the redevelopment s work to adapt existing structures many times over few projects are “New Build”, But are rather,renovations of expansions.

1986

2004

WISMA ATRIA

2009

THE CENTREPOINT

MANDARIN GALLERY

PARAGON SHOPPING CENTRE

ORCHARD CENTRAL

HISTORY

Architecture is subject to constant alteration

2010

2012

TRIPLEONE

GRAND PARK ORCHARD

THE HEEREN

ORCHARD CENTRAL

ENGAGING CONTEXT

Linear Typologies High-End Residential Land

Junction of Orange Grove Road

Central Business District

Orchard Road Junction of Bras Basah Road

Linearity is defined by the one-way street(Orchard Road) and the linear organization shown by the arrangement of the building.

Orchard Road starts at the junction with Orange Grove road then stretches southeast across the Scotts road/Paterson Hill junction, Orchard Mrt station, Bideford Road,Somerset Mrt station, Central Expressway, Dhoby Ghaut Mrt Station and ends at the junction with Handy Road,where it becomes Bras Basah Road.

ENGAGING CONTEXT

Deform Grid

Buildings are arranged on the street in a way to give the road and street a distinctive urban space. A new urban mall type of space emerges with a uniquely layered section that as well engages pedestrian sidewalks creating a new retail typology and structuring the street. In addition to the amazing facades, the buildings have got comfortable and attractive outdoor spaces that are arranged along the street. The street has good circulation for all users including pedestrians and cyclists

ENGAGING CONTEXT

Intersection

Intersections are a critical aspect of street design ( Orchard Road) as the point where the Urban Redevelopment Authority and Land Transport Authority are working with the Ministry of Trade and Industry, to make Orchard Road more pedestrian-friendly.

Orchard Road is intersected by Scotts Road where the intersected roads are the busiest road in Singapore. The road (Orchard Road) also intersected by Brideford Road and Cairnhill Road.

The goal is for the intersection at the busy thoroughfare to be developed into a scramble crossing, to make it easier for pedestrians to move about.

Permeability

ENGAGING CONTEXT From

Since 2000 Orchard Road’s growth has resulted in an increasingly complex and immersive network of spaces, characterised by linkages between malls on multiple storeys and below-grade.

High-end Residential land

MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) system that immediately thereafter served as the region’s most popular point of entry as a connection with greater Singapore for those travelling by foot.

Building codes for new structures encouraged increased connectivity by requiring underground linkages to transit stations, as well as to adjacent malls; by 2010 the street’s interconnectivity became so comprehensive that no substantial alteration to one mall could be made without affecting its neighbouring structures.

Orchard MRT Station

Pedestrian Walkway

Exposed escalators link the sidewalks directly to upper storey or basement-level shops; multi-layered facades support verandahs and upper-level entry decks; and, in one case, a 12th storey roof deck directly accessible from the street functions as a public park.

Somerset MRT Station

To Central Business District & Marina Bay

ORCHARD ROAD

URBANITY

FORM

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retails

Contrast in Scale and Architecture style Buildings in Orchard Road are oriented toward the street and the ground floor of the buildings are oriented to the pedestrian passing on the adjacent sidewalk to increase accessibility. The architectural elements of the buildings define the character of the street where contrast in scale and height of the buildings encourage walking by providing visual interest and enhancing the pedestrian environment.

The overall building form and massing of individual buildings is to consider how the building will be viewed as well as impact views from major approaches, key open spaces, and the pedestrian mall. The design of the building form and massing, together with the architectural treatment, is to consider the scale, form and architectural expression of the surrounding buildings, and be designed to create engaging and varied shop fronts along the pedestrian mall.

FORM

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retails

Building Setback and Building Edge

Vegetation Placement Orchard Road has a signature image of a wide tropical boulevard flanked by trees and buildings that reinforce and define the street by relating to a common building setback line.

Trees are placed in a distance along the Orchard Road to ensure the wide canopies provide a sufficient shading for the pedestrians. The method and placement of trees are crucial to prevent the root heave and pavement cracking which may affect the perception of pedestrians towards the street.

Developments along Orchard Road and Scotts Road are to be set back up to 7.6m or 11.6m from the line of Road Reserve. This is to safeguard the generous pedestrian malls on both sides of the street, which have become vibrant staging grounds for outdoor refreshment areas, activities and events. In order to maintain the well-defined urban streetscape, these buildings are also to be built up to the 7.6m /11.6 m building setback line. Up to 40% of the building faรงade length can be set back further from the building setback line for articulation of the building form, so that a variety of spaces, as well as interesting building fronts can be created.

Up to 50% of the podium facade area can also be projected within the building setback, in the form of Urban Verandahs or Faรงade Articulations, to create more interesting and varied building frontages.

FORM

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retails

Urban Verandah

Signage

An unenclosed extension from the front faรงade of a building which located above the 1st storey, is to support Outdoor Refreshment Areas. The Urban Verandahs is also found on or above the 2nd storey of the buildings. At the same time, it also used to connect the adjacent bus stops and covered walkways to form part of the pedestrian circulation network.

All signs are required to be neatly detailed and appropriately placed on the building facade such that they are in keeping with the overall architectural design of the building facade. All structural supports, frames, etc, where provided, are to be well detailed and visually screened from view from the top, below and on all sides.

FORM

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retails

Mall Exteriors IN 2004, URA offered developers extra gross floor area to encourage them to build more interesting building facades. In 2009, it also relaxed guidelines, allowing projections from a building's facade to cover up to 50 per cent of the building's front, up from 25 per cent, for instance.

What happened: This has been one of the more successful schemes, with seven mall developers having applied for it so far.

Examples include Wisma Atria, Paragon and Mandarin Gallery.

FORM

Create public realm which act as a stopping point

Public Space Selected sites along Orchard Road are to incorporate public spaces within the private developments to provide space to support activities that can contribute to the vibrancy of the street.

Shading Structure Buildings along Orchard Road creates shades on pedestrian walkway or even at public squares, which encourages more outdoor activities and experience, as a resting point area to the pedestrians.

Modern Materials Materials used by building at orchard road must accommodate change as retailers continually renew their image to remain relevant

FORM

To create dynamism along Orchard Road

Building Height Due to limited spaces in Singapore, the buildings are designed to build vertically up, stretching across Orchard Road creates certain rhythm and enhance the dynamism of Orchard Road.

FORM

To create vibrancy to the streetscape

Night Lighting All developments are strongly encouraged to include night lighting that expresses the architectural design and building form to contribute to the vibrancy and variety of the streetscape.

FORM

Roofscape The geographical space limitation in Singapore results idea of creating a vertical city. The activities and vibrancy on the rooftop also improves the dynamism of the place.

To integrate sustainable design

Green Facade Installation of green facades gives an attractive look to the building wall, also to provide shade to the building.

Green Space The green public open space allowing residents for outdoor activity, enhancing Singapore’s Garden City concept.

ACTIVITY

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retails

Uses at the Basement, 1st and 2nd Storey Levels

Outdoor Refreshment Areas

To create an attractive and pedestrian-friendly street, activity generating uses (AGU), such as retail, food & beverage, entertainment, sports and recreation and other similar uses are to be provided at the 1st and 2nd storey of a building•

Outdoor Refreshment Areas and Kiosks are encouraged at the first storey directly fronting onto the pedestrian mall, as well as within courtyards and open plazas within developments that are adjacent to the public pedestrian network.

ACTIVITY

To create vibrancy to the streetscape

Mixed-use

Local Food Stall

Roads at the Orchard road can be carved up, and not necessarily in a linear way, but in a series of areas for gathering, performance events, retail and F&B.

The presence of local food culture among an urban street development shows the consideration Singapore has taken into when planning Orchard Road.

ACTIVITY

To create vibrancy to the streetscape

Decorations

Sculptures

Interactive set displays in Orchard Road connects pedestrian in an interactive manner.

Interesting forms and abstract colours, engages interaction between people as a photo taking and as a nodes in Orchard Road, which activates the vivid street.

ACTIVITY

To enhance the pedestrian street with integrated sustainable design

Linkage of Community and Spaces Staircase as seatings at the public open space along the Orchard Road provide a temporary resting point for the pedestrians.

MOVEMENT

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail space

Underground Pedestrian Links (UPL) The Underground Pedestrian Network (UPN) complements the 1st storey pedestrian network and provides direct connection to Rapid Transit System (RTS) stations.

UPLs are to include vertical pedestrian circulation points within the building envelope to connect to the covered walkway at the 1st storey. Each vertical circulation point is to include a pair of two-way escalators, staircases, and a passenger lift. The entire UPL and the associated vertical circulation points are to be kept open for public access during the opening hours of the RTS.

The Underground Web

MOVEMENT

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail space

At-Grade Pedestrian Network

Elevated Pedestrian Links (EPL)

The at-grade pedestrian network is augmented by covered walkways that provide all-weather protected pedestrian routes.

All developments are required to provide covered walkways at the 1st storey along the site boundaries / lines of Road Reserves or the designated setback lines. The covered walkways function as public amenities. They are to be kept free of obstruction at all times.

The Elevated Pedestrian Network complements the at-grade and underground pedestrian network to provide seamless connectivity between developments. Building owners and developers are encouraged to provide elevated links to connect between buildings. EPLs are to include vertical pedestrian circulation points within the building envelope to link to the covered walkways at the 1st storey. The entire EPL and the associated vertical circulation points are to remain open for the duration of the mall’s operating hours.

MOVEMENT

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail space

Connection to Commuter Facilities

Through Block Links

For developments with commuter facilities (e.g. bus stops and taxi stands) located in front of the buildings, sheltered linkways are to be provided between the covered walkways at the 1st storey to these facilities to provide direct continuous sheltered connections.

Through-block links break down the scale and improve permeability of the streetblock. Covered walkways and linkways, as well as through-block links may be exempted from GFA computation if they form part of the larger pedestrian network.

MOVEMENT

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail space

Before and After: Transformation of driveway in front of Mandarin Hotel into Pedestrian Mall.

Servicing, Vehicular Access & Car Parks

Works within the Road Reserves

All existing driveways and vehicular accesses fronting Orchard Road and Scotts Road are to be relocated away to the side or rear of the buildings, when the development undergoes redevelopment or undertakes major addition and alteration works.

This is to create a seamless and pedestrian-friendly mall that is uninterrupted by vehicles.

The open walkway within the Road Reserve is safeguarded for pedestrian use. Any proposed new paving with the Road Reserve is to be paved in flamed -finish heavy duty grey granite, laid perpendicular to the Road Reserve line and coordinated with the existing paving pattern along the Pedestrian Mall. The detailed design, paving pattern and choice of materials will be subject to URA and LTA’s requirements and approval.

ORCHARD ROAD

DP ARCHITECTS DESIGN CONCEPT

TRANSPARENCY

To resituate malls in greater dialogue with the activity of the street, the frontages of existing buildings are altered to support all-glass facades. Increased transparency enhances visual connectivity amongst interior commercial spaces and spaces of the promenade. Entire podia have been transformed into multiple-storey showcase windows.

ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

Facade designs aim at creating a unique outlook for the buildings giving orchard road a variety of materials and forms. The designs are shaped by the requirements specialised on per site basis. Articulating facades makes them give a vibrant, attractive and engaging look to the pedestrians and street users.

STREET-INTEGRATED MALLS

The layout and sectional characteristic of large-scale retail malls built in the 20th-21th centuries can be placed within a longstanding design history, linked to the earliest shopping structures. Urban malls built in recent decades are combined with a number of programmes, as integrated mixed-use shopping or lifestyle centres.

PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

Shops

Covered Walkway

Outdoor Refreshment Area

Promenade & Landscape Buffer

5-Lane Roadway

Promenade

Urban Verandah

Covered Walkway

Shops

Buildings are designed in a way to extend their function by engaging pedestrians. Amazing designed facades have attracted pedestrians to the building.Facades have also been extended into street scapes which enhances connectivity among pedestrian space and user retail space.Buildings are designed with outdoor dining areas in a way to attract and as well engage pedestrians with space around the building.

BRANDING

Retails store embody the physical face of products and their companies, in the ultra-competitive marketplace of urban downtown-orchard road where retailers compete for presence amongst great diversity, a store’s ability to succeed relies heavily upon the appeal of its design. The materiality and detailing of Orchard Road’s malls establish urban presence and aid commercial success.

CONCEPT 1: TRANSPARENCY

CHARACTER

THE HEEREN

WISMA ATRIA

THE LOWER LEVELS HAVE A SEAMLESS CLEAR FAÇADE THAT ALLOWS THE CORRIDOR SPACE TO BLEND INTO THE INTERIOR SPACE.

GLASS IS USED ON THE FACADE TO ACHIEVE FULL RETAIL TRANSPARENCY. THE BUILDING CONSISTS OF A PERSPECTIVE HIGH VISIBILITY GLASS WRAPPING WHICH WORKS AS A PREVALENT DYNAMIC ENVELOPE.

CONCEPT 1: TRANSPARENCY

PUBLIC REALM

CLAYMORE CONNECT MALL

111 SOMERSET

CLAYMORE CONNECT MALLS HAS A BIG OPEN SPACE GIVES A SENSE OF WELCOMING TO THE VISITORS AS THE MALL IS LOCATED AT THE CORNER OF ORCHARD ROAD.

THE FACADE IS COMPOSED OF A SIMPLE GLASS-AND-STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM-LARGE PANELS OF GLASS ACHIEVE LIGHTNESS AND TRANSPARENCY, AND SHOP SIGNAGE IS SET INTERIOR TO THE GLAZING SO AS NOT TO INTERRUPT THIS SHEEN SURFACE QUALITY. THE TRANSPARENT FACADE ESTABLISHES NEW CONNECTIVITY WITH THE STREET.

GLASS WALL ENTRANCE ALLOWS USER TO LOOK INTO THE INTERIORS OF THE MALL WHICH GIVES A SENSE OF CURIOSITY TO EXPLORE.

CONCEPT 1: TRANSPARENCY

ADAPTIVITY

ORCHARD CENTRAL IT IS ORIENTATED AT THE INTERSECTION, AN ORDER APPLICATION OF GLASS FACADE PROVIDES 3 WAY VIEWS AND IT ADAPTS AT THERE BY PERMITTING LIGHT AND SIGHT TO PENETRATE THROUGH. THE ABILITY OF ORCHARD CENTRAL TO STAND OUT TO OFFER A GLIMPSE OF THE INTERNAL ACTIVITIES AND THE VISIBILITY FOR TENANTS ARE MAXIMISED.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

CHARACTER

HEEREEN THE DESIGN IS CALIBRATED TO OFFER AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN AND ARCHITECTURE: THE TRAVELLER DOES NOT PASS BY THE HEEREN; RATHER, HE PASSES UNDER IT AND THROUGH IT AS ANGLED GLASS KIOSKS, AN OVERHEAD URBAN VERANDAH, AND AN OUTER GLASS RAINSCREEN WORK TOGETHER TO ENCAPSULATE A TRIPLE-HEIGHT SIDEWALK SPACE.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

CHARACTER

WISMA ATRIA THE STRUCTURAL FRAME EXPLOITS ORCHARD ROAD ORDINANCE ALLOWING FACADE EXTENSIONS TO ENGAGE WITH THE PEDESTRIANS AND FACILITATE THE ALFRESCO DINING SPACES.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF MOVEMENT

PARAGON SHOPPING CENTRE

MANDARIN GALLERY

LINEAR FOOTPATHS ARE WELL CONNECTED WITH OTHER BUILDINGS ALONG THE STREET WHICH ENSURING USERS EASY TO GET TO AND MOVE THROUGH A PLACE

THE FACADE AND CANOPY PROJECT TOWARD THE STREET CORNERS FOR EXTENDED PRESENCE WITHIN HIGH- FREQUENCY CIRCULATION PATTERNS. FORM AND ARTICULATION ENGAGE PEDESTRIAN FLOWS.

DIRECT ROUTES THAT LEAD USERS TO DESTINATION

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF MOVEMENT

GRAND PARK ORCHARD

ORCHARD CENTRAL

THE EXCLUSIVE FLAGSHIP STORES WHICH RUN PARALLEL TO ORCHARD ROAD RE-CONCEPTUALIZE THE FOOTPATH AS A FASHION RUNWAY.

THE LINEAR WALKWAY OFFERS ALIGN AND ORDER TO WALK AND IT CONTROLS THE VIEW DIRECTION. THE WALKWAY EMPHASIZES SHOPPING EXPERIENCES AND INTERACTION OF PEDESTRIAN. THE BUILDING LIGHTENS THE STREET, IT LETS PEDESTRIAN FEEL PROTECTED AND SAFETY.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF MOVEMENT

WISMA ATRIA THE FACADE IS ENHANCED TO PROMOTE PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIVITY TO THE THE BUILDING AND ON ORCHARD ROAD PLANNING AREA STRATEGICALLY LOCATED BETWEEN AND LINKING TWO ORCHARD ROADS TO ENHANCE ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY FROM THE STREETS TO THE BUILDING

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

EASE OF MOVEMENT

CLAYMORE CONNECT MALL THE FACADE IS ENHANCED TO PROMOTE PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIVITY TO THE THE BUILDING AND ON ORCHARD ROAD PLANNING AREA STRATEGICALLY LOCATED BETWEEN AND LINKING TWO ORCHARD ROADS TO ENHANCE ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY FROM THE STREETS TO THE BUILDING

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

PUBLIC REALM

PARAGON SHOPPING CENTRE

THE HEEREN

THE PEDESTRIAN STREET SERVE TO FUEL CITY LIFE AS CONNECTIVE ELEMENTS THAT OPPOSE THE BARRIER OF VEHICLE

THE EXPERIENCE OF WALKING THROUGH THE FACADE’S EXTENSION AND ASCENDING TO ITS UPPER VERANDAH BY ESCALATOR INTRODUCES THE VISITOR TO A DYNAMIC PLAY BETWEEN INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SPACE.

ACTIVE FRONTAGES FACE DIRECTLY ONTO THE STREET WHICH GIVE A NATURAL SURVEILLANCE TO THE PASSERBY

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

PUBLIC REALM

ORCHARD CENTRAL AT THE EDGE OF COMMERCIAL BLOCK, A WIDE AND BROAD STREET PROVOKES HUMAN INTERACTION WHILE WAITING FOR BUS OR CROSSING THE ROAD.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

ADAPTIVITY

THE HEEREEN THERE IS ALSO A DISTINCT BREAK BETWEEN THE LANGUAGE OF THE PODIUM AND TOWER. THE PODIUM IS PUSHED OUT TO THE SETBACK LINE ALONG CAIRNHILL ROAD TO ENGAGE THE STREET EDGE. EXPERIENCED AT STREET LEVEL, THE BUILDING HAS A STRONG URBAN PRESENCE. A GLASS AND STEEL ELEMENT AT THE CORNER FACING THE ORCHARD ROAD / CARINHILL ROAD JUNCTION ACKNOWLEDGES THIS PROMINENT INTERSECTION AND PROVIDES A STRIKING CONTRAST TO A “SOLID” PODIUM.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

LEGIBILITY

MANDARIN GALLERY

BY RELOCATING A VEHICULAR DROP-OFF LANE ALONG ORCHARD ROAD TO A LINK- ROAD AT THE SITE’S WESTERN BOUNDARY, THE PROMENADE HAS BEEN WIDENED AND OPENED TO PEDESTRIAN- ONLY TRAFIC. THIS WIDE LANE PROVIDES THE LARGE AMOUNT OF VISITORS A MORE COMFORTABLE LANE TO WALK.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

DIVERSITY

TRIPLEONE SOMERSET THE CORRIDOR IN FRONT OF THE ENTRANCE DIRECTING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT INTO THE BUILDING. THERE ARE ALSO VARIETIES OF WAYS AND DESTINATION TO LEAD THEIR DIRECTION.BESIDES, THERE MANY DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES OCCURS IN THE BUILDING WITH THE COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONS IN THE SURROUNDING ALSO CREATE A CONVENIENT SOCIETY.

CONCEPT 2: PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

THE HEEREN THE DESIGN IS CALIBRATED TO OFFER AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN AND ARCHITECTURE: THE TRAVELLER DOES NOT PASS BY THE HEEREN; RATHER, HE PASSES UNDER IT AND THROUGH IT AS ANGLED GLASS KIOSKS, AN OVERHEAD URBAN VERANDAH, AND AN OUTER GLASS RAINSCREEN WORK TOGETHER TO ENCAPSULATE A TRIPLE-HEIGHT SIDEWALK SPACE.

CONTINUITY AND ENCLOSURE

THE CENTRE POINT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTREPOINT HAS CONFORMED TO THE PLAN OF THE ADJACENT TO EMERALD HILL SHOPHOUSES. GIVING A SENSE OF CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF SINGAPORE, TRANSITION FROM OLD TO NEW.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

CHARACTER

MANDARIN GALLERY AN 8- METRE- DEEP CANOPY SHELTERS A COVERED PUBLIC PROMENADE WITH DOUBLE- VOLUME SHOPFRONTS 8.5 METRES IN HEIGHT. THE CANOPY EXEMPLIFY THE EXTROVERSION OF THE CLOSED FORM MALL AND PROVIDES SHELTER FOR THE PEDESTRIANS.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

EASE OF MOVEMENT

MANDARIN GALLERY AN ESCALATOR BLENDS THE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT OF PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC WITH VERTICAL MOVEMENT, CONNECTING THE PROMENADE DIRECTLY WITH AN ELEVATED LANDING AND MALL ENTRANCE ON THE SECOND STOREY.

PUBLIC REALM

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

ORCHARD CENTRAL THE ESCALATOR IS EXPOSED TO PROVOKE INTERACTION AND SPATIAL EXPERIENCES BY CONNECTING PUBLIC REALM AND BUILDING. IT CAN BE CATEGORISED AS A STARTING POINT AND END POINT OF THE JOURNEY.

THE HEEREN OUTDOOR REFRESHMENT AREAS AND KIOSKS ARE ENCOURAGED AT THE FIRST STOREY DIRECTLY FRONTING ONTO THE PEDESTRIAN MALL, AS WELL AS WITHIN COURTYARDS AND OPEN PLAZAS WITHIN DEVELOPMENTS THAT ARE ADJACENT TO THE PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

PUBLIC REALM

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL GRAND PARK ORCHARD

THE SINUOSITY BETWEEN FASHION, TRAVEL AND ARCHITECTURE ALLOW THE RETAIL SPACES TO KNIT SEAMLESSLY WITH THE HOTEL CREATING AN EXCITING TOPOLOGY ON ORCHARD ROAD. COLOUR-CHANGING LED LIGHTS EMBEDDED INTO THE MOTIF CREATE A SOFT GLOW AROUND ALUMINIUM ARRANGEMENT, THE LIGHTS ADD BUZZ AND EXCITEMENT TO THE AREA, ENLIVENING THE FACADE. A GRANDIOSE MEDIA WALL ALSO FORMS PART OF THE FACADE, WITH A SCREEN ADVERTISING RUNWAY SHOWS AND ENTICING PASSERS-BY TO ENTER THE 4 STOREY SHOPPING PODIUM JUST BELOW IT, SIDEWALK FOUNTAINS AND ARTWORK ENLIVEN (LIVEN UP) THE PROMENADE AS A PUBLIC SPACE.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

PUBLIC REALM

TRIPLEONE SOMERSET VISIBLE AREAS WITHIN A COMMUNITY SETTING OPEN TO THE PUBLIC OR FOR PUBLIC GATHERING. THE LOBBY PROVIDES A MEETING PLACE,CONTEMPLATIVE AND RESTING AREAS, CREATE A SENSE OF PLACE WITH CONNECTIONS TO LOCAL CULTURE ELEMENTS AS WELL AS A SAFE AND ATTRACTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PUBLIC WHO VISIT, LIVE AND WORK IN THIS BUILDING.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

PUBLIC REALM

WISMA ATRIA STRUCTURAL FRAMING SYSTEM PROJECTS THE MALL OUT WARD CLOSER TO THE PEDESTRIAN SCAPE. UPPER RETAIL FLOORS ARE DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE PROMENADE BY MEANS OF ESCALATORS TO MAXIMISE ACCESSIBILITY FOR EVERY FLOOR AND IMPROVE COMMERCIAL VALUE OF UPPER FLOORS

LEGIBILITY

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

MANDARIN GALLERY

ORCHARD CENTRAL

A CLEAR CIRCULATION OF THE STREET AND THE BUILDING FORM A SENSE OF INVITING.

A CLEAR CIRCULATION OF THE STREET AND THE BUILDING FORM A SENSE OF INVITING.

ZEBRA CROSSING ACTS AS A CONNECTION BETWEEN ORCHARD CENTRAL AND THE OPPOSITE BUILDING, IT PROVIDES ENDLESS EXPLORATION TO THE MALL.

ZEBRA CROSSING ACTS AS A CONNECTION BETWEEN ORCHARD CENTRAL AND THE OPPOSITE BUILDING, IT PROVIDES ENDLESS EXPLORATION TO THE MALL.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

LEGIBILITY

THE HEEREN STREET INTEGRATED URBAN MALL,REPRESENTATIVE OF A SET OF DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT RESPOND TO URBAN,CLIMATIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OUTDOOR REFRESHMENT AREA AND URBAN VERANDAH ALONG THE ORCHARD ROAD FRONTAGE, FURTHER ESTABLISHING THE MALL’S PRESENCE AT THE LEVEL OF THE SIDEWALK. IN KEEPING WITH THE YOUTH CONSUMER TRENDS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING SHOPS THE HEEREN distinctive architecture and its granite-cladded façade is a landmark STANDS AT THE JUNCTION OF ORCHARD AND CAIRNHILL ROAD – RIGHT IN THE HEART OF SINGAPORE'S MOST VISITED SQUARE MILE. ITS LOCATION PUTS YOU AMIDST A DOZEN MAJOR HOTELS, CINEMAS, THE AFFLUENT CAIRNHILL DISTRICT AND OF COURSE ALONG SINGAPORE'S BUSIEST SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT STREET, ORCHARD ROAD. THE SOMERSET AND ORCHARD MRT STATIONS, TAXI STANDS AND BUSES CONNECT YOU TO VIRTUALLY ALL OTHER PARTS OF SINGAPORE.

DIVERSITY

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

GRAND PARK ORCHARD

CLAYMORE CONNECT MALL

LED LIGHTINGS ENABLES FURTHER PROGRAMMING TO CREATE DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO VARIOUS FESTIVE ATMOSPHERES ALONG THE STREET.

CLAYMORE CONNECTS MALL LOCATED AT STARTING POINT OF ORCHARD ROAD. THERE ARE MANY ACTIVITIES,SHOPS AND SERVICES NEARBY THE MALL THEREFORE THE OPEN SPACE OF THE BUILDING ACT AS A FEEDER POINT THAT ALLOWS VISITOR ACCESS FROM ANYWHERE SUCH AS OFFICE BUILDING, SUBWAY STATION,SHOPPING MALL AND ETC.

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

CONTINUITY & ENCLOSURE

TRIPLEONE SOMERSET

GRAND PARK ORCHARD

TRIPLEONE SOMERSET SIT IN SPACE, WHEREAS PERIMETER BLOCKS ENCLOSE IT. IT PHYSICALLY CONNECT WITH NEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS. BUILDING FORM WITH A CONTINUOUS,UNINTERRUPTED BLOCK EDGE DEFINES THE STREET BETTER. IT ENCLOSES THE PUBLIC SPACE AND OFFERS ITS ACTIVE EDGES TO ENLIVEN THE STREET.

DESIGNING A MALL OF INDEPENDENT SHOP ACCESSIBLE ONLY ON THE STREET, TO ATTAIN THE INTER-CONNECTIVITY THAT RENDER (GIVES) THE MALLS OF THIS SHOPPING CORRIDOR SUCCESSFUL, THESE SEMI-AUTONOMOUS STOREFRONTS ARE UNIFIED BY A GRAND COMMON SPACE ALONG THE PROMENADE (WALKWAY), CHARACTERISED BY THE BUILDING’S DEEP CANOPY

CONCEPT 3: STREET INTEGRATED MALL

WISMA ATRIA

WISMA ATRIA GLAZED SHOP FRONT ARTICULATED INTO THE SPACE OF THE PEDESTRIAN PROMENADE.

CONTINUITY & ENCLOSURE

CHARACTER

CONCEPT 4: BRANDING

WISMA ATRIA

MANDARIN GALLERY

THE ATTRACTIVE AND VIBRANT FACADE IS ALSO ENDOWED WITH A SECTIONAL LAYERING THAT EFFECTIVELY BLURS BETWEEN THE INTERIOR COMMERCIAL SPACE AND PUBLIC SPACE OF THE PROMENADE.

REPETITIVE GLASS FACADE DETAILING AND EXTRUSION OF CANOPY OF MANDARIN GALLERY ESTABLISH URBAN PRESENCE AND AID COMMERCIAL SUCCESS, EXHIBITING A COMMANDING PRESENCE

THIS ATTRACTIVE FACADE DRAWS THE PEDESTRIAN’S ATTENTION

CONCEPT 4: BRANDING

LEGIBILITY

ORCHARD CENTRAL INTEGRATING INTERNAL ESCALATORS ENABLES MULTIPLE RETAIL LEVELS TO BE CONNECTED WITH THE SIDEWALK TO FUNCTIONALLY TRANSFORM UPPER STOREYS INTO STREET ACCESSIBLE SPACES

CONCEPT 4: BRANDING

CONTINUITY AND ENCLOSURE

ORCHARD CENTRAL AS ONE OF THE SIGNIFICANT FEATURE OF THIS BUILDING, THE ROOF GARDEN PROVOKES “NATURE IN BUILDING”. IT ADAPTS THE WALKWAY, COMBINES THE STREET AND THE BUILDING, IT MAKES THE GREENERY BECOME 3 LAYERS.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

GRAND PARK ORCHARD STRONG GEOMETRIC FORM OVERALL FORM HAS BEEN SIMPLIFIED TO A EASY RECOGNISE WITH SHEAR FACES, COMPOSITIONALLY AND MATERIALLY RENDERING THE SCREEN AS A CLEAR FOCAL POINT, CREATING A DARK CUBICAL PRISM THAT EXUDES AN AIR OF MYSTERY AND BEAUTY.

CHARACTER

WISMA ATRIA MATERIALITY ON THE NEW FACADE MADE OF TRIANGULATED FACETED GLASS STORE FRONTS AND A MATTE ALUMINUM FINISH USED AS THE CLADDING OF THE STRUCTURE. BLUE GRID PANELING TO CLAD THE BUILDING UPPER LEVELS AND PERFORM AS A UNIFYING BACKDROP TO THE FACADE.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

CHARACTER

ORCHARD CENTRAL

PARAGON SHOPPING CENTRE

A GEOMETRICAL FACADE CREATES CHARACTERISTIC VISUAL IMAGE OF THE PLACE. THIS BREATHABLE METAL CLADDING ACTS AS A SUN SHADING DEVICE, IT PROVIDES THE EXCESS OF SOLAR RADIATION AND MAINTAIN THERMAL COMFORT IN IT. AT NIGHT, IT WILL BE A SCREEN THAT DISPLAYS A NIGHTLONG PERFORMANCE OF COLORS AND LIGHTS TO SLOW DOWN THE PROCESS OF SHOPPING. THUS, IT WILL BECOME A PROMINENT BEACON FOR THE ORCHARD ROAD REGION.

THE EXISTING CURVED GLAZED ENTRANCE WAS ENLARGED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL FRAME WHICH ESTABLISHES A CLEAR FOCAL POINT FOR ACCESS

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

EASE OF MOVEMENT

WISMA ATRIA STAIRS WHERE A FONTAGE IS RAISED TO SERVE AS A DIRECT PEDESTRIAN ROUTE TO THE MALLS MAIN ENTRANCES AT THE SECOND STOREY. RAMPS WERE ALSO DESIGNED TO FACILITATE MOVEMENT FOR LESS MOBILE AND CHANNEL PEDESTRIANS ARRIVING FROM MRT STATION AND OTHER MALLS DIRECTLY INTO WISMA ATRIA'S RETAIL

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

PARAGON SHOPPING CENTRE THESE BLOCKS ARE IMPLEMENTED AT THE BUILDING’S CORNERS TO AUGMENT TRANSPARENCY AND INTERNAL EXPOSURE OF THE SPACES MOST VISIBLE TO THE STREET.

PUBLIC REALM

MANDARIN GALLERY MANDARIN GALLERY’S GENTLE GLASS CURVES CAN BE DESCRIBED DUALLY AS A CARVING FROM THE MALL’S EXTERIOR AND A BULGING FROM THE RETAIL SPACE WITHIN. THE EFFECT IS A VISUAL AND PROGRAMMATIC CONFLATION OF THE TWO SPACES, A DISSOLVING OF THE BOUNDARY LINE. THE FORM AND ARTICULATION ENGAGES WITH THE FLOW OF THE PEDESTRIANS

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

ADAPTIVITY

WISMA ATRIA

GRAND PARK ORCHARD

FACADE ENHANCEMENT TO PROMOTE PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIVITY, ATTRACTIVENESS AND VIBRANCY OF WISMA ON ORCHARD ROAD AND STREET

EXTERIOR GLASS FACADE IN HERRINGBONE DESIGN CREATING SOPHISTICATED AND TIMELESS FABRICS FOR FASHION. DIVERSE USES OF TECHNOLOGY ALLOW THE BUILDING TO METAMORPHOSIZE, THUS EMBODYING THE TRANSFORMATIVE NATURE OF FASHION AND TRAVEL. A HERRINGBONE PATTERN WAS EMBOSSED ONTO 2 LAYERS OF GLASS TO ALLOW FOR TRANSPARENCY WHILE REDUCING THERMAL TRANSFER.

THE BLUE GRID PANELING STIMULATES THE COLOURED STRUCTURAL GRID ESTABLISHING AN AMAZING AND ATTRACTIVE FRONTAGE AS AN ARCHITECTURAL CONTINUUM.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

ADAPTIVITY

THE HEEREN IN DESIGNING THE HEEREN’S FACELIFT, THE CONCEPT OF A JEWEL BOX AS AN ‘URBAN WINDOW’ WAS INTRODUCED, ARTICULATED FROM A SERIES OF MONDRIAN-INSPIRED, EXPRESSIVE, TRANSPARENT POP-OUT BOXES .

THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURAL GRID IS EXPOSED WHICH FORMS AN ORTHOGONAL CAGE AROUND THE TRANSFORMED MASS.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

GRAND PARK ORCHARD EXPLOITING IN AN ICONIC POSITION TO CREATE AN ALLURING APPEAL THAT IS IDIOSYNCRATIC, BOTH AT DAY AND NIGHT, CAPTURING THE ATTENTION OF PASSING HUMAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC.

LEGIBILITY

ORCHARD CENTRAL THE DISTINCTIVE FACADE DESIGN MAKES THE UNIQUE DESIGN BECOME A LANDMARK AT THE INTERSECTION.

BY GIVING THE VIBRANCY AND VARIETY TO SHOPPERS AND PEDESTRIANS, WE ARE ABLE TO OFFER A RECOMMENDATION FOR THEM.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

DIVERSITY

TRIPLEONE SOMERSET THE LONG FAÇADES GRADUATE IRREGULARLY IN WIDTH AND LENGTH BY CHAMFERED STEPS. THESE CHAMFERED PARAPETS AT THE ENDS SOFTEN THE CORNERS OF THE BUILDING. VARY AND ARTICULATE BUILDING MASSING AND FACADES TO CONTRIBUTE TO A FINE-GRAINED, PEDESTRIAN SCALE ENVIRONMENT AT THE STREET LEVEL. BUILDING ARTICULATION HELPS TO BREAK UP BUILDING MASS AND ADD VISUAL INTEREST THAT ATTRACTS VISITORS ATTENTION.

CONCEPT 5: ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION

CONTINUITY AND ENCLOSURE

THE CENTRE POINT THE CENTREPOINT’S FRONTAGE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE STEPPED BLOCK FORMS. THIS COMPOSITION SEGMENTS THE MALL INTO THREE SEEMINGLY INDIVIDUALISED BUILDINGS OVERLAID BY A CONSISTENT GRID OF GLAZING UNITS, WHICH INTERACTS WITH THE PASSER-BY ACROSS THE ROAD.

ORCHARD ROAD

CONCLUSION

DP architect’s design doesn’t respond to the way that the existing communities live , making them need to move out to find somewhere suits their authentic lifestyle. While losing the original community, it is also losing the local culture. Local culture is significant because it holds the spirit of a place, it makes a place uniquely different than any others.

DISCONNECTION “Strolling along the Orchard Road, there aren’t any connection inside the clashes between the past and modern.”

Orchard Road got its name from the many nutmeg and fruit orchards that existed in the last century. The fruit orchards have now disappeared and in their place is a bustling, world-famous shopping street.

The architectural style of DP architects is more oriented to modern global trends, which causing the lack of cultural development into the streets, which making Orchard Road disconnect to its original identity in the past.

BRANDING “Strolling along the Orchard Road, there aren’t any connection inside the clashes between the past and modern.”

In the marketplace of luxury products, The appearance of a retail stores embody the physical image of a brand, which the appeal of its design will affect the successfulness of it. DP architects’ modern design raise up the competitiveness of each store, which resulting the rate of commercial space has increased tremendously. Due to these consequences, the local traditional retailer who is unable to afford such high rental price will go seeking for another location to continue their business.

The current Orchard Road contain less locals visit due to most of the stores are overwhelmed with luxury goods that only some high income locals or tourists are able to afford.Leaving this place loss the authenticity of local culture.

CONCEPT 1, TRANSPARENCY

GEOGRAPHY ECONOMY URBANITY

- Glass facade enhance natural lighting

-Hot and Humid weather reduce pedestrian activities

-To enhance the connectivity to the pedestrian street.

-Consisting of varying retail options, attracting people to spend here due to convenience, especially during Singapore Great Sale.

-Mall exterior -modern materials

-Vegetation placement -Building Setback and Building Edge -Urban verandah -Public space -Shading structure -Roofscape -Green space -Night lighting -Signage

-Outdoor Refreshment Areas - local food stall -Linkage of community and Spaces -Sculpture -Pedestrian network -Connection to commuter facilities

CONCEPT 3, STREET INTEGRATED MALL

CONTEXT -Interesting facade to attracts people

CONCEPT 4, BRANDING

CONCEPT 5, ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION -Sun shading

-Variety of retail shop

-Mixed use -Pedestrian network -At-Grade Pedestrian Network -Through-Block Links -Underground Pedestrian Links (UPL) -Elevated Pedestrian Link (EPL) -Servicing, Vehicular Access & Car Parks

-Street performance festival celebration

CULTURE

DEMOGRAPHY

CONCEPT 2, PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT

-Create alluring and distinctive identity.

-Mall exterior -Modern materials -Decoration

-Green facade

-Green Building

-Modern material

-Landmark

-Responding to the street

-Linear organization

-Visual connectivity between the street and the building

-Exuberant ambience of social interactions amongst inter communities which share a common interest of retail therapy

-Walkable distance from one outlet -Meeting spot to another eases the pedestrian to and retail have full accessibility shopping spot

-Enhance the Flow of walkway

PRINCIPLES

CHARACTER

CONCEPT 1, TRANSPARENCY The Heeren Wisma Atria

EASE OF MOVEMENT

PUBLIC REALM ADAPTIVITY

Claymore Connect Mall Tripleone Somerset

Orchard Central

LEGIBILITY DIVERSITY CONTINUITY AND ENCLOSURE

CONCEPT 2, PEDESTRIAN ENGAGEMENT The Heeren Wisma Atria

The Heeren Mandarin Gallery

Grand Park Orchard Wisma atria Orchard Central Paragon Shopping Centre Mandarin Gallery Claymore Connect Mall

Mandarin Gallery

The Heeren Paragon Shopping Center Orchard Central

Grand Park Orchard Wisma atria Orchard Central The Heeren Tripleone Somerset

Grand Park Orchard The Heeren The Centrepoint

CONCEPT 4, BRANDING Wisma Atria Mandarin Gallery

Tripleone Somerset

Wisma Atria Tripleone Somerset

CONCEPT 5, ENGAGING FACADE ARTICULATION Grand Park Orchard Wisma atria Orchard Central Paragon Shopping Centre

Mandarin Gallery Paragon Shopping Centre

The Heeren

Mandarin Gallery

Claymore Connect Mall

CONCEPT 3, STREET INTEGRATED MALL

The Heeren

The Heeren Orchard Central Mandarin Gallery

Grand Park Orchard Claymore Connect Mall

Orchard Central

Orchard Central

Tripleone Somerset

The Centrepoint

Orchard Central

REFERENCES // Orchard Road(2018) Retrieved from https://www.citytours.sg/orchard-road.html // The history of Orchard Road: Behind the Concrete & Glass.(2018). Retrieved from https://mothership.sg/2014/12/the-history-of-orchard-road-behind-the-concrete-glass/ // TAY,T.(2018) More play,lifestyle options to woo crowds at Orchard Road.Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-play-lifestyle-options-to-woo-crowds // DP Architects. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.my/books?id=eAqqXVn_goIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gb s_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false // Seven principles of good design. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118103740/http://www.cabe.org.uk/counc illors/principles // URA SPACE v2. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ura.gov.sg/maps2/?service=mp&year=2008# // DP Architects -. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dpa.com.sg/

// The Heeren - DP Architects.Retrieved from http://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/the-heeren/ // The Heeren.Retrieved from https://www.malls.com/sg/malls/the-heeren.html