BENV7728 Assignment3

Built Environment BENV7728 | Term 2, 2019 Geographical Information Systems and Urban Informatics Course convenor: Dr. Ori Gudes Tutors: Mr Bhavesh Taunk | Mr Noah Fu

| Assignment 3

Group G

REPORT OF BLACKTOWN CITY CENTRE GIS STUDY Chang Xu z5220234 Shiyun (Sasa) Liang z5250996 Yang Li z5211968 Zilong Ma z5226341

CONTENTS About this report

1.

OVERVIEW OF PROCESS & WORK FLOW

03

04

ALLOCATED ROLE/TASKS

2.

INTRODUCTION

05

The Three Cities of Greater Sydney The City of Blacktown Blacktown City Centre

3.

STORY MAP

06

Overview Data collecting Analysis workflow Data Exporting / Publishing to web

4.

DESIGN PROPOSAL

07

5.

CRITIQUES - QGIS, ARCGIS & ONLINE RESOURCES

09

6.

IMPORTANCE OF MAPPING & SOME FUTURE THINKING

11

Reference list

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Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

ABOUT THIS REPORT

Site analysis through large data and visualization has played an increasingly important role in urban planning and related design industries.

Comprehensive and detailed data, rigorous analysis and intuitive maps can help planners or designers make reasonable plans that are in line with future trends. Nowadays, it’s not just the planning and design industry, GIS is being tapped and playing a significant role in other fields.

Decentralization and three cities development (Western Sydney Airport, Greater Paramatta and Sydney City) are the major urban development strategies of Sydney today. The planning achievements of Paramatta CBD also provide a successful case for the later urban centre planning

(A Metropolis of Three Cities, 2018).

Similarly, some midwestern cities, such as Liverpool, Penrith, Campbelltown and Blacktown, as the main town centres, will participate in the overall planning, and GIS will be widely used (A Tale of Three Cities, 2017).

The report will take the case of Blacktown town centre and use GIS to conduct a detailed and comprehensive analysis of it, and propose a rational planning plan for 2036 including land use and transportation routes. In addition, the report will summarize the characteristics and potential of this set of analysis and design process, and provide certain reference value for the application of GIS in practical operation in the future.

Fig 01. Key plan of Blacktown City Centre. By author, 2019

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PROCESS AND WORK FLOW OVERVIEW

Getting Start

Workflow

(before assignment 2)

Allocated Additional group online tutorial existing data for ArcGIS

Group selected area

Time management of group

Assign tasks

Site Visit

Map Story Making

Setup Group management Online communication Wechat group

Data sharing point(s) Google Drive

Group selected platform

Record steps

Detail workflow see page 6

Critiques

Sourcing additional data

Report Preparing

Manipulate data

Video

ROLES/TASKS ALLOCATION

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Map Story Structure

Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

INTRODUCTION

The Three Cities of Greater Sydney

Blacktown City Centre

According to the Greater Sydney Region Plan, A Metropolis of Three Cities (2018), Greater Sydney is planned to be transformed into a metropolis of three cities: Western Parkland City, Central River City and Eastern Harbour City.

As defined in the Metropolitan Plan for Sydney 2036 and based on the State Government’s criteria for a Regional City Centre, the Blacktown City Centre has been broadly defined by a 2-kilometre radius centred on Blacktown Railway Station. The region had a permanent population of about 20,200 in 2016, with a total area of about 860 hectares (En.wikipedia.org, 2019). Composed of seven suburbs, it is the most important precinct in the east of the Blacktown city and this precinct includes the largest population and will increase to 170000 people by 2036 (Profile.id.com.au, 2019).

The City of Blacktown In this report, Blacktown, as one of several major urban centres in the midwest of Sydney, was included into the Central River City development zone (Paramatta CBD was the centre).

Located in the west of Sydney, approximately 35 kilometres west of the Sydney CBD, it is the largest LGA in Sydney which occupies around 247 square kilometres area and had a population of 336962 as at the 2016 census.

In this report, we will use the online platform ArcGIS and Carto to create a special map story showing the different analysis of City Centre Precinct.

Then, based on this analysis, several proposals are offered to redevelop this study area.

Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO © 2018 Google Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO Image Landsat / Copernicus © 2018 Google

10 km

Fig 02. The Greater Sydney Region Plan, A Metropolis of Three Cities, 2018 Image Landsat / Copernicus

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STORY MAP

Overview

Data collecting

An intuitive story map always helps the audience understand the site better such as the spatial relationship and data distribution. In this case, a story map of Blacktown City Centre powered

by ArcGIS was produced by student, presenting the process of site analysis and design proposal with convincing evidences. ArcGIS is a powerful software with excellent platform. It enables people to tell Logical and hierarchical stories of the site in form of maps, charts and so on.

The main sources of information (Mainly .csv and .shp files) come from several websites: NSW Government, Opendata, Idcommunity of Blacktown City Council, AURIN (Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network Portal) and ABS (Australian Bureau of Statics).

These sites provide a wealth of social types of statistics and provide reliable evidence for site analysis.

The general structure is divided into the following six parts: • Basic information • Data analysis • Single element weighting • Integrated weighting (Overlay) • Design proposal • Summarize

For more information: (https://arcg.is/1CnX81)

Fig 03. Overview of story map By author, 2019

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Analysis workflow Based on the original Blacktown master plan (2016) and combined with the planning guidelines of greater Sydney, A Metropolis of Three Cities (2018), the analysis aims to find the most liveable areas in the Blacktown City Centre and build high-density residential areas to cope with the future population surge.

Data analysis is divided into two categories: visualization of existing data and weighted overlay analysis.

Overly analysis is divided into two main steps: first, weight classification of

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individual elements, and then, weight superposition of all elements and final result.

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Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

a functional relationship as possible (Onnom et al., 2018) . In the current case, due to the lack of data of some elements, such as crime rate, only Environment Assigned Value Out of 10 relevant data of five factors affecting Housing Estate liveability are collected. In 6addition, due toSpace the lack of local liveability Green 3 questionnaire survey, the analysis Miscellaneous 1 places, refers to the weight of other and the actual situation may have some deviation, Assigned so the results are for Health Value Out of 10 reference only.

In order to ensure the accuracy and universality of the final weight overlay results, different elements should cover all areas as far as possible (all factors that affect liveability), each element should have its own weight ratio that affects the final results, and different elements should have as accurate

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Fig 04. Pair-wise comparison elements and weights of the main criteria

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Fig 05. Pair-wise comparison elements and weights for five factors

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The data reference comes from: Development of a Liveable City Index (LCI) Using Multi Criteria Geospatial Modelling for Medium Class Cities in Developing Countries, Onnom et al., 2018.

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Fig 06. Output overlay image. By author, 2019

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Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

DESIGN PROPOSAL

Fig 07. Final land use proposal of Blacktown City Centre By author, 2019

Through a series of weighted overlay analysis, several areas with the highest liveability are selected to develop high-density residential areas.

For other areas with low liveability, public transportation facilities, public entertainment areas and more convenient medical and education

channels should be added to improve the local liveability, so as to attract more people to settle down. In general, by 2036, the plan will be able to provide a large number of high-quality housing, providing convenience, high-quality living environment and creating more jobs for local residents.

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DESIGN PROPOSAL

Fig 08. Existing land use vision in Blacktown City Centre.

Fig 09. Proposed land use vision in Blacktown City Centre.

Based on the design for the whole city centre, the specific small area is further planned in detail. The area is dominated by high-density housing, but incorporates a small number of different types of land, such as small commercial and green areas.

According to the previous research, such design is able to serve the local Page 010

residents well and significantly improve liveability. The convenient lifestyle also encourages people to adopt healthy ways of traveling and reduces the traffic pressure in the city centre to some extent. Additionally, more mixed-use land and commercial access could also boost local employment.

Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

CRITIQUES - QGIS, ARCGIS & ONLINE RESOURCES

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES Also see

• Outdated data • Data lacks diversity

IMPORTANCE OF MAPPING section

Overlay nonspatial data onto spatial data

Efficient visual communications:

• Non-uniform statistical area • Limitations of data types • Software crashes easily

Raster & Vector data conversion

Intuitive visual expression Convenient interactive mode Easy to operate

QGIS

Online resources

QGIS is a useful software to visualize different data from different sources. It has powerful editing capabilities, and is able to process complex and large amounts of raw data and filter and overlay them by calculating formulas.

Also, it is able to convert between vectors and rasters. A good command of QGIS is the basic ability to provide intuitive and reliable map analysis.

In the online databases described above (see data collection on page 6), most of the data is free and covers many areas.

ArcGIS Online ArcGIS Online has quick editing function, simplifies certain operation steps in data visualization, and can easily interact with the results providing online links. Story map is a series of maps, charts, even video and other different forms of information presented to the audience in narrative form, which is quite efficient and persuasive.

Therefore, ArcGIS has great potential value in information popularization.

However, the data lacks diversity to some extent. Most statistics are based on unit-wide data such as population distribution and housing distribution, and lack of dotted and linear location information such as crime location.

Due to the single data type, the representation of the map can be relatively monotonous. It is possible to manually add the missing information on QGIS, but such visualizations are not rigorous or precise, and extremely tedious and time consuming. Also, the limitations of data types make many of QGIS’s features unusable. Moreover, most of the data were released in 2016 or earlier, so the validity of the data is questionable.

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IMPORTANCE OF MAPPING

In General Life Saving at disaster events

Assisting the disaster relief during Queensland Floods, 2010-11.

Dr John Snowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s analysis of pathogenic source (cholera) in London, 1854.

Risk Management

Prediction of geological hazards.

Optimise fire stations locations.

Business investment guide.

Reduce Carbon Footprint

Visualization of carbon footprint.

Popularization of environmental protection knowledge.

Education

Urban planning courses.

Geographical knowledge popularization.

Agriculture

Asset Mapping

Water Resources and irrigation

Forestry Construction & Engineering

For Planning Community Exchange of views on local planning.

Consultation Encourage citizens to participate in urban planning and construction.

Plan Evaluation

Heat island

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Commercial site selection.

Employment distribution planning.

Urban greening

Public transport planning

Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

SOME FUTURE THINKING

Legislations & Policies

Mapping Standards

Governor ONE Platform

Visualise data to help governments formulate policies and legislation. Protection, directing the appropriate usage of data, data ownership etc.

Data usage legal control and standardized quality control.

Australian Standardards.

Ease of accessing data in One place. One Registration for diversity sources of data. Data quality control.

Over-thinking & Over-spend?

Over relying upon?

Limited data sharing speed.

The gap between the visualized data and the actual situation.

Lack of other sources of information.

In the future, GIS will be more widely used in various fields, and some considerations will be inevitable.

As planning and decision-making increasingly rely on the information provided by GIS, the timeliness and quality of the data itself becomes especially important. Unreliable and outdated information may bring serious consequences. In order to ensure the reliability of GIS, a series of regulations should be proposed and protected.

At the same time, excessive reliance on GIS should be avoided, as it is still

controversial whether the data can fully reflect the reality.

For instance, tree canopy may be changing all the time, after a storm, bush fire or high wind days. Caution to plan how accurate of the data we need, the expenditure and time; or maybe sometimes a step back to have a look using other software for generating those non-highly accuracy-required data in a much more efficient way; or corporate with third-party developers who already have the data.

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CONCLUSION

In general, multiple GIS software is used to analyse specific sites, which provides favourable support and help for urban planning and design. The GIS concepts and all related platforms are worth promoting vigorously. However, due to the huge and complex data required for analysis, it requires a lot of research and calculation to obtain effective analysis results, which is far from the simple visualization of data.

Just take the planning of Blacktown city centre as an example, the actual factors affecting liveability are far more than the existing data, so the reference value for planning is limited. As a GIS analyst, it is necessary to consider enough factors to ensure the rigor and reliability of

Fig 10. Warrick Lane redevelopment, Blacktown City Council 2019.

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the analysis results, and at the same time to clearly recognize the objective gap between the data and the actual situation, so as to prevent excessive use and reliance on data. In the future, GIS concept and data management will continue to develop and improve, and GIS will better serve all industries.

For more information: (https://arcg.is/1CnX81)

Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report

REFERENCE LIST

Abs.gov.au. (2019). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

A Metropolis of Three Cities. (2018). [ebook] Sydney: Greater Sydney Commission. Available at: https://gsc-public-1.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/gsrp_oct_2017.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2019].

A Tale of Three Cities. (2017). [ebook] Sydney: The Committee for Sydney. Available at: http:// www.sydney.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Committee-for-Sydney_A-Tale-of-Three-CitiesDraft_Final.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2019].

Data.nsw.gov.au. (2019). Datasets - Page 1 - Data.NSW. [online] Available at: https://data.nsw. gov.au/data/dataset [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

En.wikipedia.org. (2019). Blacktown. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Blacktown [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

Espv2.greyfieldplanning.com.au. (2019). ESP. [online] Available at: https://www.espv2. greyfieldplanning.com.au/ [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

Maps.six.nsw.gov.au. (2019). SIX Maps - Clip & Ship. [online] Available at: https://maps.six.nsw. gov.au/clipnship.html [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

Onnom, W., Tripathi, N., Nitivattanano, V. and Ninsawat, S. (2018). Development of a Liveable City Index (LCI) Using Multi Criteria Geospatial Modelling for Medium Class Cities in Developing Countries. [ebook] Sydney: MDPI. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/323282742_Development_of_a_Liveable_City_Index_LCI_Using_Multi_Criteria_ Geospatial_Modelling_for_Medium_Class_Cities_in_Developing_Countries [Accessed 11 Aug. 2019].

Opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au. (2019). TfNSW Open Data Hub and Developer Portal. [online] Available at: https://opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au/ [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

Portal.aurin.org.au. (2019). AAF Discovery Service. [online] Available at: https://portal.aurin.org. au/ [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

Profile.id.com.au. (2019). About the profile areas | Blacktown | profile.id. [online] Available at: https://profile.id.com.au/blacktown/about?WebID=130 [Accessed 21 Jul. 2019].

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Blacktown City Centre GIS Study Report