Technologies Papermetrics Soham Sengupta

TechnologyPapermetrics

SohamSengupta

Summary

PrimaryCreativeDrivers

•Thecanopytakesitsinspirationfromnaturetosuitanyenvironment

•Thetrianglefacetsaredifferentinshapewithatleast20differenttypes

•Thecanopycaneasilyaccommodate12people

•Thecanopyletsinplentyoflightwhichmakesitfeelspacy

Opportunitiesforcreativeutility

•Thecanopyspansoveralargeareaandissturdytoprovideshelterfrom strongwindsandthehotsun

•Thecanopyisopenfromalmostallsideswhichmakesitveryeasyto accessit

•Itsinspirationfromnaturehelpsinblendinganyenvironmentasitisamix ofbothgeometricandorganicforms

•Itcanbeapopularspotinthecityasitactsasauniqueartisticsculpture, thiswillalsoattractphotographers.

•Thetrinangularpanesmakethecanopyextremelysturdy.

Constraints

•Thecostofconstruction

•Theweightofthecanopy

•Usageofnaturallightandrenewableenergy

•Reusingmaterialsforconstruction

GraphicalBrainstorming

Initialideas–Sketches

Shapedlikeatreeto maximiseshadearea.

Thebutterfly shapehelpsin formingacanopy withsupportsat theedges. Thescorpionhasavery uniqueanddistinct shape.Thiscanopyalso actslikeasculpture.

Theshapeofajellyfish makesitidealtoform acanopy.

GraphicalBrainstormingcontinues… SketchesAndInitialDesign

15.6m

Thetriangulatedgeometryhelpsinimplementingcertaincreative driverssuchas:

•Allowingtheuseofdifferentmaterialswhichformdifferenttextures.

•Allowingtheuseofdifferentcoloursonthetriangularfacetsthatare complimentedbythesunlight.

•Creatingauniqueatmospherealongwithvariousshadowsandlightrays enteringthroughopeningsandwindowsinthestructure.

•Allowingtheuseofrecycledmaterials.

•Easeinconstructionaspre-fabricatedtriangularfacetscanbeeasilyput togetheronthesite.Thisalsollowersthecostofconstruction.

•Easeintransportingprefabricatedpartstothesite.

Eachcreativedriveroffersuniqueopportunitiesinthedesignofthestructure. Thedifferentmaterialsused,makethecanopymoreadaptabletothesite conditions.Certainmaterialssuchastimber,glassandsteelaresustainableand havedifferentpropertieswhichallplayacrucialroleinthefunctioningofthe structure.Theconstructionisalsodependentonthematerials.Thisalsoplaysa keypartintheaestheticsastheuniquetexturesofvariousmaterialsaddtothe aestheticsofthecanopy.Theuseoftrianglesprovidesstructuralsupportand integrity.Thecolours,materials,formandlightingallplayacrucialroleinmaking thiscanopyfunctionandmakeauniqueatmosphereforthepeopleto experienceandremember.

InitialDesign

GraphicalBrainstormingcontinues… Paper+SketchUpModels

Origamiand papermodels reallyhelpedme understandthe formbetter.Iwas alsoableto understandwhere toputthe supportsand entrances.

LargeSpan

ThisSketchUpwasinspiredby abutterflyasitisableto providealargeshadeduetoits largewingspan.Itcaneasily suititssurroundingsduetoits blendofnatureandcityscape; theorganicshapehasbeen madeintogeometrictriangles.It alsohasthepotentialto becomeapopularspotinthe cityandprovidecontrastwith citiesskyline.

Legsprovidestrongand sturdysupport

Angledview

EntrancesSupports

Thepapermodelaboveshowswhere thesupportsandentrancesareplaced inthecanopy.

SideElevation

Insidethecanopy

Thecanopyiscolourfulontheinsidewithcomplimentarycolours.Ihave usedgoldenyellowandvioletinsidetomaketheatmosphereinsidelively, joyfulandvibrant.Thegoldenyellowhelpsilluminatetheinteriorby reflectingallthelightwhichentersthecanopy.

FlatteningAndtesting

FlatteningAttempt1

Here,Ihavedividedthe canopyintofourparts. Ithoughtitwouldbe easiertoflattenthe complexshapeby dividingitintofour simplerparts.

Imageofaflattenedpart.

Imageofanotherpartbeing flattened.

Thecanopyisflattened butit’sinbitsand pieces.

FlatteningAttempt2

FlatteningTheCanopyCanopyAfterBeingFlattened

Isucceededinflatteningmymodelthesecond timeafterlearningfromthemistakesImadein myfirstattempt.

Here,IhaveplacedmymodelinPiccadillyGardens Manchestertoseehowitfitsinapopularspotinabig city.Iwashappyasitlookedquitegoodinthepublic squareandhasthepotentialtobecomeverypopular andbeusedbythousandsaday.Peoplecanuseitfor acoffeebreakorasashadeinthebeautifulgarden.

ScorpionCanopyThisismysecondSketchUpmodel.Itis inspiredbyascorpion.Thecanopyhasashinysilver exteriorandashinygoldinteriortoreflectasmuchlightas possible.Thelegsandclawsofthescorpionformstable supportforthewholecanopy.Itisopenonallsideswhich allowspeopletoenterfromeveryside.Thisalsoallows maximumlighttoenterandbrightenupthecanopy. Thetailofthescorpionarchesupwardsandformsan interestingarchitecturalelement.Theendingofthetailis shapedlikeanarrowpointingatthecanopyintheskywhich helpspeoplelocatethecanopy.Itcanbeplacedinapopular publicsquareandbecomeapopularattraction.Itisalmost likeasculpture.Theshinyoutersurfacewillalsoreflectthe skylineandenvironmentaroundthecanopy.

GraphicalBrainstorming

ProblemsWithExistingCanopy

1.Verylittlelightisabletoenter

TestingDifferentDesigns

Entirelymade upofglassthis canopyallows maximum naturallightto enter.

Thiscanopyalso comprisesglassbutwith betteropeningsand ventilation.Italsohas lesserglasstostopitfrom overheatingandproviding someshade. Thiscanopy haslarge openingsand afewglass panels.

GraphicalBrainstorming

Development

Afterconductingtestsonvariousmodels,I developedthebutterflycanopyintomyfinal design.Iusedmypreviousmodels;butterfly andscorpioncanopiesandtookthebestoutof themanddevelopedthisnewdesign.Itismade upoftwoidenticalsideseachmadeupofnonrepeatingirregulartriangularfacets.The symmetrymakesthecanopymoreaesthetic. Thedesignissustainableandtheroofhas plentyoffunctions.

Thisnewcanopyhaslarge openingsandoptimal lighting.Itconsistsofglass panelsontheroofand openingsonthesidetolet theperfectamountoflight in.Italsoisshapedtolet waterslideoffandbe allowedtocollectonthe roof.Thedesigniscapable offacingstrongwindsand providingshelterby deflectingthemawaywith itsintricategeometry.

Sustainability Advantages-

1.Energyissavedas glasspanesoftheroof allowlighttoenterand illuminatethecanopy.

2.Shelterfromwindand rain.Thesloped surfacesdonotallow watertocollectontop anddeflectwindaway. 3.Naturalventilation.

GlassPanels

1.2Appraisals:EnvironmentalandSpatialEffects

Summary

CreativeDrivers

•Sunpaths(shadows).

•Placementofglasspanels andopeningstoforman excitingshadowpattern.

•Usinglustreonthesurface tomakethebrightlight reflectonitandmakeit shinealittle.

•Anglingthetriangularfacets sothatrainwaterandsnow don’tcollectontop.

•Usingblackcolouron certainpartstomakeit warmerthanothersas differentpeoplehave differenttolerancesfor heat.Theblackpartsofthe canopyabsorbheatand keepitwarmwhilst blockingthesunlightand providingshade.

•Creatingacomfortable atmosphereinside.

GraphicalBrainstorming

ShadowsinApril

Thesunlightentersthroughthe glasspanelsandtheopenings inthecanopyandthecanopy islitadequatelythroughoutthe day.Thelightformsavery interestinggeometricpattern whichisoneofthemain attractionsofthecanopy.

Sunmovementthroughouttheday

Useofcolourasaclimatetool

IhaveusedPurpleand Blackontheexteriorand Thistle(LightViolet)onthe interior.

Thecolourblackabsorbsalltheheat anddrawsitawayfromthecentreof thecanopy,makingitcoolwhilstalso, makingtheouteredgeswarmer.This createsdifferenttemperaturezones whichsuiteveryone’scomfort temperature.Sincetheairiscooler insidethanontheedgescreatesa breezeairrushesinside.

PurpleBlackThistle

AM12PM 3PM

Continuation..

Summary

Opportunities

•Theopeningsandglass panelsletlightina compellingfashionand createsengaging shadows.

Constraints

•Lightingontheinterior dependson environmentalfactors.

•Complexgeometry.

Integration

•Angledtriangularfacets anddifferenttemperature zonesinsidepromotewind flow.

Sustainability

•Useofsustainable materialssuchas aluminiumandchromium alloyandrecycledglass.

GraphicalBrainstorming

RainDiagram

Thestructurehasmadeupof sloppedtriangularfacetswhich allowthewaterandsnowtoflow downeasily.

Thepolishedaluminiumchromiumpanelsalso promotewatertoflow downbecauseoftheir smoothandslippery surface.

WindDiagram

Thestructureuses naturalventilationdue toitscleverlyplaced openings. Despitetheairflow,the structureconsistsof breeze-freezones wherepeoplecan unwindiftheyare feelingcold.

Summary

Explorationofdigitalmodelling

•Startfromthebasicshapesand slowlydefinetheirregulartriangles andbuildthesupport.

•UseSketchUpextensionflattening toolfortheflatteningprocess.

•Usingapersontoscalethe digitalmodelonSketchUp.

Digitalmodellingand fabricationtools

Architecturetomeisgivingmeaningtoexternal spaces.Thisbeginswithanidea,abasic sketch.Forme,thisbasicsketchisthestartand detailscanbeaddedtoiteasilyonmy computer.Thesoftwarestaystruetothecore butallowsforopeningsandredesigningofthe structure.SketchUpmadeitveryeasyformeto workwithcomplexorganicandnonorganic forms.Ithelpedmeunderstandthespatial aspects,andtheinclinationofthetriangular facetssothatwaterandsnowareabletoeasily fallofthestructure.Iwasalsoabletoworkon shadowsandlightwhichcreatestheentire atmosphereinsidethestructure.Itriedkeeping thespacesinsidefunctionalandkeeptheheight constantthroughout.Itriedtocreatean experiencefortheusersusingsinteresting geometricalgapsinthestructuretonaturallylet theminandlightandshadowstoguidethem.

Thegroupmodellinginvolvedthepavilion beingbasedontheflowofawave. Combiningafloatingstructureintheair thatcomprisesseveralglasselements allowsvisitorstoobserveandwalkunder thestructure.Itconsistsoftwoentrances throughthetworampsandiscompletely openwithnocoveringonitstop.

Summary

playacrucialroleinmakingthestructure

lookwelcomingtoviewers

whilenotmakingittoodullandgloomy withthehelpoflightingthroughglass

Thestructureformsasafeandcosyrestingspacefor many.Thestructureletspeopletakeabreakfromtheir busylives.

1.5GroupTesting:FabricationFileFlattenedNet

MygroupandIdecided tofabricatethisdesign asitwasfairlycomplex butmanageable.Afew otherdesignsweretoo complexandwewere unsuccessfulin flatteningthem. Wefirstflattenedthe structureoutbyusing thetools.Thistook multipleattempts,but wewerefinallyhappy withtheresults.After that,theplottercut processwasfairlyeasy andwewereabletoget itinA3sheets.

Compareandcritique

Inthestudio,ourgroupsharedindividual ideas.Thesewereveryhelpfultomeand helpedmedevelopmystructure.Igathereda lotofcollectiveinspirationfromeveryone’s individualconcepts.

Ifurtherwantedtounderstandtheproject betterandlookedatexistingcanopiesforthis. Iwasparticularlyinterestedinunderstanding thelightingandshadowsofthestructure.I also,learntwhatmaterialscouldbeusedfor thecanopywhilebeingdurablebutnottoo expensive.Lookingattheseimpressive canopiesIunderstoodtheneedsandstructure betterfromsimpleorigamitodesignto constructiontouserexperience.

Technologyandenvironment

Thecanopywillbemadeupofpanelsmade upofanalloyofaluminiumandchromium. Aluminiumislightanddoesnotrustin comparisontoironandsteel.Thechromium addslustretothestructure.

Theglasspanelswillbemadeupofglass fromrecyclingglassbottlesandbeofdifferent opacitiestomakethelightingmoreinteresting. Theatmospherewillbemadeupofdifferent lightsanduniqueshadows.

Thisstructureformsveryinterestingshadows.The patterniseye-catchingandattractsmany.Iwishto achieveasimilareffectwithmydesign.

TheRoyShenkinCanopyinspiredmetousevariationin heightasanaestheticaswellasafunctionaltool.

Inspirationforbright colourstoattract

RonShenkincanopy

JulioBarrenoGutiérrezfolded-steelshelter

ReciprocalFrameCanopyStructurebyGramazioKohler

Summary:PersonalResponse

Thenumerousentranceswithadequateheight andlightmakethepavilioneasilyaccessibleto allagegroups.Thebrightcolourontheoutside takestheviewer’seyeoffthedullgreyinmost citiesandattractsthem.Peopleespecially childrenarefascinatedwiththeinteresting geometryofthecanopy.Theinnercoloursare moresubtle,makingamorerelaxed environmentandgivingusersabreakfromthe outsideworld.Thecanopyhasmultipleglass panelsandopenings,makingitwell-litandless claustrophobic.Thelightentersthecanopyin uniqueanglesthroughthedifferentlyangled glasspanelscreatinginterestingshadows. Glasspanelsarefacedalongthesunpath,and almostineverydirectionsothatthecanopyis litthroughoutthedayandthroughthevarying seasons.

TechnologicalandEnvironmental

Thecanopyreducestheuseofmaterials aswellasstructuralmaterialsduetoits designwhichminimizestheuseof additionalsupportasthecanopyhas supportpointswhichholditup.The canopyismadeupofsustainable materialssuchasglassandsteel.Itcan alsobedeconstructedandre-constructed easilymakingiteasytomove.

Uniquelyangledglasspanels letlightinandalsoform interestingshadows Panelsareplacedfacingall directionstoletlightin throughouttheday

Acomforting andspacious shelteris formedviathe relaxingcolour, openings,and lighting.

2.4IterativeTesting-FabricationGroupPrototype

Onourfirstattemptto constructthegroupmodel, wefacedalotoftrouble stickingthefacestogether asthefacesweretoo narrow. Welearntfromour mistakesandwidenedthe faces.Constructionwas muchsmootherthesecond time.Wethenplayedwith lightingandinteriorofour modelandgathereduseful information.Wewere happywiththeoverall modelandthelighting.

Compare+Critique

Interfacewiththeground:

Mygroupmemberslikedmy designbutwereslightly concernedastowhethermy canopywouldstayinplace asitlacksafoundation. Eventhoughmycanopyis strongandaerodynamicto combatstrongwinds,I decidetotaketheiradvice andattachfoundations.

Anotherconcern raisedwasabout thestrengthand structuralintegrityof mytriangularfacets. Ihaddepended solelyonmypanels forrigiditytoreduce weightandmaterials butthismightmake itunstable.Hence,I developedanew panelafterresearch andthinking.

Thisnewpanelusestwolayersofmetalwithatimberframeinbetween.This makesitextremelyrigidandalsoprovidesbetterthermalinsulation. Myfocuswastohavethelowestcarbonfootprintpossible,thereforeIchose tousetimberasmystructuralsupport.Itisstrong,durableandenvironment friendly.

Sketchofa cross-section ofpanel

3.2IterativeDesign-DetailDevelopment

Summary–IterativeTesting

MaterialChoice:

AluminiumChromiumAlloyAl-Cr

•FormedbyaddingChromium(10%) toHardenedAluminium(80%).

•Chromiumaddslustretothesurface andisabrilliantreflectoroflight whichstopsthestructurefrom trappinginheat.

•Chromiumalsoaddsstructural strengthaspureAluminiumisweak.

•PureChromiumistoxic.However, whenalloyedwithAluminiumitis safeandthetoxicityispermanently removed.

WhyAluminiumismychosen

Material:

AluminiumChromiumpaintedPurple

StructuralMaterialChoice: Timber

•Timberishighlysustainable,ecofriendlyandhasnocarbonfootprint.

•Timberisaverystrongmaterialand greatforstructuralelementssuchas theframe.

•Aluminiumislight,nonmagneticandnon-sparking.Itstandssecond amongmetalsonthescaleofmalleabilityandsixthinductility.Itis extensivelyusedinmanyindustrialapplicationswhereastrong,light,easily constructedmaterialisneeded.

•Itismuchlighterthanstainlesssteelandhasthesamestructuralintegrity.

•Itiseasilyavailableandcost-effective.

•Itiseasiertoproducethanstainlesssteelandhasamuchlowercarbon footprint.

•Itdoesnotrust.

•Aestheticallyappealing.

•Timberisthermo-resistant.

•Timberisextremelylightand durable.

Timber Construction:

1.SheetsofAluminiumChromiumare cutintotherequiredtriangles.

2.Atimberframeisattachedtothe triangularfacet(internal-thistle).

3.Anothersheet(exterior-purple)is attachedontopoftheframe.

Thiscreatesarigiddouble-layeredfacet whichisstrongandinsulatesheat.

Firstlayer-Thistle(Interior)

TimberFrame

Secondlayer-Purple(Exterior)

Visiblekeydriversinthedesign fromweeks1,2and3:

1.Usingnatureasinspirationfor thedesigntocombineorganic andgeometricforms.Thishelps thestructurefitintoany surroundingsfromparkstobusy concretejungles.

2.Intentionalinclinationoftriangular facetsforshelterfromrainand thesun.Also,fortheaesthetics adcreatinginterestinggeometry.

3.Usingnaturallightthroughglass windowstoreduceenergycosts andprovideadequatelight.

4.Useshadowsaspatternsandas anattraction.Theshadows appearasadrawing.

5.Providelotsofopeningsand entrancessothatitisn’t claustrophobic.

6.Usingsustainablematerialsand reducingthecarbonfootprint.

7.Createaninterestingandrelaxed atmosphereforpeopletoenjoy.

8.Integratingthedesigninthereal world.

Continuation… keyprioritiesand motivations:

1.Designingapavilionwhichis temporaryandcanbeeasily constructedandmoved around.

2.Creatingadelightfulandcalm semi-enclosedatmosphere whichconnectsusersto naturebyallowingpeopleto observenaturewhileenjoying thecomfortofthecanopy.

3.Tocreatedifferentareasin thecanopyforprivacyand differenttemperaturezones tosuiteveryone’scomfort.

4.Usingsustainablematerials andhavingaminimum carbonfootprint.

5.Creatinganinterestingand pleasingorganiccanopy madeupoftriangleswhich drawsattentionandis attractivetopeople.

6.Usinglightandshadowasan artistictooltocreateamusing spaces.