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POULTRY Digital Expert Knowledge at your Fingertips March 2011 - Issue 3
History of Coccidiosis Control A Golden Age of Chemotherapy The 'Golden Age of Chemotherapy' in the control of coccidiosis is not over, according to Dr David Chapman of the University of Arkansas, Jackie Linden, senior editor of ThePoultrySite Site, reports on this keynote address.
shown to be an effective treatment against the causative parasite, Eimeria, although it was often administered too late. Being rather toxic to birds, it could only be used for short periods, of three days on and two days off.
In 1948, Poultry Science published a paper on sulphaquinoxaline for the control of coccidiosis.This was to have profound implications for the industry because we still use this type of method of control today, said Dr H. David Chapman of the University of Arkansas in the introduction to his paper on coccidiosis control from 1950 to the present day as the Milton Y. Dendy Keynote Address to the International Poultry Scientific Forum in Atlanta in January 2011. Dr Chapman has been working on coccidiosis himself for more than 40 years and his knowledge of the subject is universally recognised.
John P. Delaplane and Leland Grumbles were the pioneers in this field, working initially in Rhode Island and later at Texas A&M University, as well as jointly founding the American Association of Avian Pathologists.
First Breakthrough in Coccidiosis Control Before World War 2, the sulphonamides were known to be effective against bacteria, Dr Chapman said, and already in 1939, sulphonamide was
Even at the time, there were some objections to the long-term use of medications to control coccidiosis. The 1939 paper offered one important insight, said Dr Chapman, which was that sulphaquinoxaline did not prevent the acquisition of immunity to Eimeria. The low concentration controlled coccidiosis, while allowing enough parasitic development to stimulate immunity. Already at that time, the importance of immune development was recognised, he stressed. Continued on page 4 1