The PoultrySite Digital - April 2012 - Issue 16 by 5m Publishing

EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS APRIL 2012 – ISSUE 16

Nutrition Research Focuses on Cutting Feed Costs Five sessions of the International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF), held in Atlanta in conjunction with the International Poultry Expo, were devoted to the reporting of research of nutrition and feeding. With an over–arching theme of reducing feed costs, senior editor, Jackie Linden, offers an overview of some of the advances presented at the event, which ranged from

better use of feed ingredients and redefining nutrient requirements to health impacts and enzyme products.

If the papers presented at the IPSF earlier this year are anything to go by, escalating feed costs are leading researchers to focus on ways to get the most nutrients... This feature is continued on page 4

PLUS: INDUSTRY EVENTS – BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS AND MUCH MORE...

April 2012 – Issue 16

COVER STORY

P1 EU’s Share of European Egg Total in Decline – P11

EDITORIAL

The European Union’s contribution to total European egg production in the decade 2000 to 2010 contracted from 70 per cent to almost 64 per cent, writes seasoned industry watcher,Terry Evans, in his latest review of the trends in the European egg market.

LATEST POULTRY INDUSTRY NEWS

Feed Enzyme and Essential Oils Improve Broiler Performance, Reduce Salmonella Colonisation – P19 The addition of essential oils and the feed enzyme, xylanase, to a broiler diet improve bird performance and reduced the horizontal transmission of Salmonella infection, according to newly published research from the UK and the US.

Laying Hens go Undercover to Improve Production– P20 Planting trees on the range for outdoor hens brought both economic and welfare benefits, according to new research from the UK.

Health & Welfare Breeding & Genetics Biosecurity & Hygiene Feeding & Nutrition Housing & Equipment Incubation & Hatching Processing & Packaging

22 26 28 30 38 42 44

INDUSTRY EVENTS BUSINESS DIRECTORY

46 48

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Editorial Feedstuffs may have come down somewhat from their peak but feed prices remain high for poultry producers and there is no sign of an end to their volatility.With feed being the most important cost in the production of poultry meat and eggs, it is appropriate that we take ‘Feeding and Nutrition’ as our theme for this month’s issue.

Focus on Feed Jackie Linden ThePoultrySite.com Senior Editor jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com

Reinforcing the importance of this topic, no less than five sessions of the International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF), held in Atlanta in conjunction with the International Poultry Expo earlier this year, were devoted to the reporting of research of nutrition and feeding. We focus in this issue on those studies investigation way of reducing feed costs, including the better use of feed ingredients, redefining nutrient requirements, interactions between nutrition and health, and enzyme products. Remaining on the theme of nutrition and linking it to food safety, new research from the UK and the US shows that the addition of essential oils and the feed enzyme, xylanase, to a broiler diet both improves bird performance and reduces the horizontal transmission of Salmonella infection. Our series analysing the world’s poultry industries, ‘Global Poultry Trends’, continues as regular contributor, Terry Evans, turns his attention to the European egg sector. He highlights how the European Union’s contribution to total European egg production in the decade from 2000 to 2010 contracted from 70 per cent to less than 64 per cent. Completing this issue, we report on an investigation funded by McDonalds in the UK, which shows that planting trees on the range for outdoor hens brings both economic and welfare benefits. . Jackie Linden

CONTACT Editorial Jackie Linden jackie.linden@5mpublishing.com Tel: +44 (0) 1234 818180

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Nutrition Research Focuses on Cutting Feed Costs from conventional feed ingredients such as maize and soybean meal – for example, by adjusting particle size or using additives such as enzymes – or using less commonly used feed ingredients. Interactions between nutrition and health were also reported at the Forum, including the role of glutamine in the immune response of broilers chicks vaccinated against coccidiosis and how necrotic enteritis is impacted by dietary calcium and phosphorus. IMPACTS OF FEED INGREDIENTS AND FORM Soybean Phytate and Corn Particle Size for Broilers B. Nusairat1 of North Carolina State University presented the results of a 2×2 factorial experiment to compare normal (NP) and low–phytate (LP) varieties of soybean meal with corn either 50 per cent coarse or 100 per cent fine particle size in terms of the performance of male broilers to 21 days of age in battery cages. Although bodyweight and feed conversion were improved with the fine diets at nine days of age, the difference did not persist to 21 days. There were no main effects of LP versus NP that persisted to 21 days of age. However, upon necropsy at 21 days of age, the LP diets produced a lower proventriculus weight while the coarse diets produced larger gizzards and smaller proventriculus weights. The LP diets produced less ileal but more faecal total phosphorus as well as less phytate phosphorus. The LP diets also produced less faecal nitrogen. The coarse diets produced less ileal but more faecal moisture, less ileal nitrogen, and less ileal and faecal phytate phosphorus. The greatest proventriculus weight was with the NP– fine combination, which could suggest a difference in digesta pH or digestive function affecting endogenous phytate hydrolysis, according to the researchers.This was supported by the finding that ileal and faecal phytate phosphorus was less in the NP–fine than NP– coarse diets and both were greater than the LP diets. Feeding the 50 per cent coarse particle size corn reduced digestion of phytate phosphorus in NP diets

but had no effect in LP diets in the presence of similar live performance in cages, concluded Nusairat. Coarse– versus Fine–Ground Maize and Litter for Broilers The results of a 49–day broiler floor pen study to evaluate the effect of coarse–ground corn and litter type on broiler performance and faecal characteristics of broilers were reported by Yi Xu2 of North Carolina State University. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement of two dietary levels of coarse corn (0 or 50 per cent) and two litter forms (finely ground old litter or new wood chip litter). A portion of the corn and all soybean meal were ground with a hammermill (2.4mm screen) to about 400µm, while the coarse corn was ground to with a roller mill to about 1350µm. Inclusion of coarse corn reduced feed intake throughout the experiment, without affecting bodyweight. Consequently, dietary inclusion of coarse corn improved feed conversion compared to fine– ground corn and mortality rate was lower for coarse corn.

"Coarsely ground corn improved feed conversion and reduced faecal nitrogen without adversely affecting bodyweight" Yi Xu

New litter improved feed conversion only to 14 days of age. Mortality rate was reduced by new litter among birds fed the fine corn diet. At 49 days, faecal nitrogen and litter moisture were lower and faecal pH was higher for birds fed the coarse corn diet. Litter form did not affect faecal characteristics. Xu concluded that dietary inclusion of 50 per cent

FEATURE ARTICLE

coarsely ground corn improved feed conversion and reduced faecal nitrogen without adversely affecting bodyweight, while coarse litter gave a marginal benefit in terms of broiler growth performance.

A significant ESBM × corn particle size interaction revealed that birds fed fine ESBM and fine corn had significant lower ileal protein digestibility than the other treatments.

Optimum Particle Size of Soybean Meal and Maize for Broilers

The larger particles (>1300µm) depressed feed intake, which resulted in lower bodyweights of the chicks at 19 days but ileal protein digestibility was improved and there was a small positive effect on fat digestibility, concluded Pacheco.

Wilmer Pacheco3 from North Carolina State University presented work on the effects of particle size of maize (corn) and expeller-extracted soybean meal (ESBM) in broiler diets. The experiment had a 2×2 factorial design with ESBM particle size (coarse, 1290µm and fine, 470µm) and corn particle size (coarse, 1330µm and fine, 520µm). Birds fed fine corn or ESBM had a higher bodyweight at 19 days than birds fed the coarser forms. Similarly, birds fed fine corn or ESBM had a higher feed intake at 19 days than birds fed the coarser materials.

DDGS and Canola Meal in Turkey Diets Mahmoud Farahat4 of the University of Minnesota reported investigations into whether chloride addition to diets (0.22, 0.32 or 0.42 per cent) with different levels of alternative feed products could shift the dietary electrolyte balance to levels that could adversely affect turkey performance and litter moisture. No differences were observed in bodyweight or average daily gain over the whole trial period (two to

Nutrition Research Focuses on Cutting Feed Costs 14 weeks of age). Birds fed diets with DDGS or DDGS with canola meal consumed six per cent more feed daily than those fed the control diet based on corn, soybean meal and meat meal. No differences were found for chloride or diet × chloride interaction for bodyweight, daily gain or feed intake. Feed efficiency was higher for birds fed diets containing DDGS or DDGS with canola meal, and a diet × chloride interaction was found for feed conversion. Litter moisture was higher for the ‘alternative’ diets but the differences from the control were not statistically significant.

"Chloride levels higher than 0.22 per cent could be detrimental to feed efficiency" Mahmoud Farahat

Farahat concluded that attention should be paid to the dietary electrolyte balance and chloride level during incorporation of DDGS with canola meal in turkey diets as chloride levels higher than 0.22 per cent could be detrimental to feed efficiency.

Direct comparison of the excess energy contributed by the three–per–cent diets against the energy determined through the slope of the regression line equations for each of the oil sources provided an average of 69 per cent increase over the energy value derived from the equations. This increase in estimated energy by difference in comparison to sloperatio analysis can be attributed to an extra–caloric effect of the additional fat due to increased digesta transit time and absorption rate of dietary energy, concluded Murugesan. NUTRIENT EFFECTS Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Heritage Broilers M.J. Da Costa6 of North Carolina State University described a study to evaluate the effects of calcium and non–phytate phosphorus levels during the grower phase (18 to 35 days of age) on bone biomechanical properties and leg abnormalities of Heritage broilers. Common starter and finisher diets were fed from days 1 to 17 and 36 to 49 of age, respectively. Treatments consisted of 16 diets containing combinations of four levels of calcium (0.46, 0.62, 0.78 and 0.94 per cent) and four levels of non–phytate phosphorus (0.23, 0.30, 0.37 and 0.44 per cent).

AME of fats Evaluated for Broiler Chickens A digestibility study conducted to determine the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of various lipid sources in broiler chickens was presented by Raj Murugesan5 of Iowa State University. The 22 dietary treatments comprised seven different oil sources (soy oil, corn oil, choice white grease, poultry fat, methyl soyate esters and two different blends of animal–vegetable fat) fed at three, six or nine per cent inclusion rates, in addition to a basal diet that did not contain fat. The AMEn values (kcal per kg) were determined for each oil source from the equations and are as follows, soy oil, 8,121; corn oil, 7,801; choice-white grease, 8,883; poultry fat, 7,827; methyl soyate, 7,975; AV blend-I, 8,092; and AV blend-II, 7,480.

Male tibia ash increased as calcium and non–phytate phosphorus levels rose although in females, only calcium had a linear effect on bone mineralisation. Non– phytate phosphorus levels had a linear effect on male bone mineral content and bone mineral density. Female bone strength was affected by a calcium × phosphorus interaction, and it responded linearly to calcium in males.

"Calcium and phosphorus in grower diets influenced bone traits and the prevalence of leg problems" M.J. Da Costa

FEATURE ARTICLE According to Da Costa, calcium and phosphorus in grower diets influenced bone traits and the prevalence of leg problems but did not influence walking ability in Heritage broilers. Carryover of Lysine from Broiler Breeders to Progeny 7

Two experiments were reported by Leonel Mejia of Mississippi State University into the performance of the progeny from broiler breeder hens fed diets differing in digestible lysine. In Experiment 1, treatment diets were fed from 35 to 45 weeks of age.Treatment 1 and 2 diets were formulated with commonly used feed ingredients and provided daily digestible lysine daily intakes of 1,200 (IDL) and 1,010mg per hen per day (ID), respectively. Treatments 3 and 4 were composed of semi-purified diets formulated to contain digestible lysine intakes of 1,010 (SPL) and 600mg (SP) per hen per day, respectively. Chicks corresponding to eggs collected from week 42 were grown to 56 days of age.

Chick weight at hatch was lower for those that came from the SP and SPL–fed hens but 42– and 56–day bodyweights were similar for all treatments. Marginal improvements in feed conversion were seen at 42 and 56 days for chicks from ID–fed hens over IDL hens. For Experiment 2, diets were fed to hens from 24 to 42 weeks of age.Treatment 1 was a corn and soybean meal–based diet formulated to have a digestible lysine intake of 1,000mg per hen per day (CS1,000). Treatments 2, 3 and 4 had the inclusion of DDGS with digestible lysine intake levels of 1,000 (DDGS1,000), 800 (DDGS800) and 600mg (DDGS600) per hen per day, respectively. Progeny performance was evaluated from eggs collected at weeks 26, 31 and 36. Chick hatch weight was similar for all three hatches. Birds from hens at 26 weeks and fed DDGS600 diets had lower bodyweight, carcass and breast weight, and higher back half weight at 42 days of age. No effects were observed for any parameter at 56 days. Grow–out studies performed on eggs laid during weeks 31 and 36 revealed that digestible lysine intake levels had no effect on live performance or carcass characteristics of the progeny in these experiments. However, Mejia concluded that the impact of dietary lysine in the breeder hen diet on progeny performance requires further evaluation. Optimum Level of Canthaxanthin for Older Broiler Breeders Professor John Brake8 of North Carolina State University reported the results of a trial in which broiler breeders that had been exposed to hot summer conditions were given diets containing 0, 3, 6 or 9mg canthaxanthin per kg diet from 45 to 62 weeks of age. Average hatchability and fertile hatchability of the flock was 87.6 per cent and 92.6 per cent, respectively, at 44 weeks of age. Over the trial period, percentage hen–day production (49.1, 49.3, 51.6 and 50.9 per cent), percentage fertility (94.7, 94.9, 95.3 and 93.1 per cent) and percentage fertile hatchability (94.0, 95.2, 96.2 and 95.3 per cent) exhibited a dose–related increase from 0 to 3 to 6mg

Nutrition Research Focuses on Cutting Feed Costs canthaxanthin per kg diet, followed by a decrease at 9mg per kg. These data suggested that the optimum dosage of canthaxanthin to support reproductive performance in older broiler breeders was approximately 6mg per kg diet of both males and females, concluded Professor Brake. Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Feed Ingredients for Hens and Broilers Sunday Adedokun9 of Purdue University, working with Evonik–Degussa Corporation, presented standardised ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of five bakery by-product (BBP), three corn, three soybean meal (SBM), and one wheat middling (WM) samples in 21–day–old broilers and laying hens aged 30 or 50 weeks of age. Standardisation was by correcting for basal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses using a nitrogen-free diet (NFD). Results from the study confirmed the observation from previous studies that amino acid digestibility from the same feed ingredient may be different in broilers and laying hens. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that variations in digestibility values within each feed ingredient underscores the fact that there may be siginficant variation within the same feed ingredient from different sources. NUTRITION × HEALTH INTERACTIONS INVESTIGATED Glutamine Utilisation and Coccidiosis Vaccination Vaccines have proven to be a good strategy to prevent coccidiosis but the process of immunity acquisition needs to be approached from a nutritional point of view as well if complete success in broiler performance is to be achieved, according to F.J. Mussini10 from the University of Arkansas. It has been reported that the amino acid, glutamine, plays a key role both in the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, and its utilisation could be beneficial to coccidiosis–vaccinated broilers.

In the study, day–old male chicks were vaccinated at a commercial hatchery with a coccidiosis vaccine and randomly allocated to one of four treatments: 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 per cent glutamine to 28 days and a common diet from 28 to 42 days. Body weights were significantly improved at 21 and 28 days for all the treatments; feed conversion was reduced with the inclusion of glutamine, showing a positive trend although the reduction was not significant.There were no significant differences at 42 days in body weight and feed conversion.

"Glutamine proved to be beneficial during the process of immunity acquisition" F.J. Mussini

Mussini concluded that glutamine proved to be beneficial during the process of immunity acquisition, improving broiler performance significantly until 28 days and maintaining the body weight difference until the end of the experiment. Calcium, Phosphorus and the Necrotic Enteritis Pathogen Diet composition and nutrient balance can have a critical impact on intestinal integrity during exposure to enteric pathogens, reported Diego Paiva11 of Virginia Tech, working in conjunction with AB Vista to investigate the effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and phytase on broiler performance during exposure to Clostridium perfringens.

"A high level of soluble calcium in the diet may influence necrotic enteritis–associated mortality" Diego Paiva

FEATURE ARTICLE The 35–day trial used a factorial design, which included two levels (0.6 and 0.9 per cent) of a highly soluble calcium source, two levels of available phosphorus (0.3 and 0.45 per cent) and two levels of phytase (0 and 1,000FTU per kg). Day–old birds were placed on litter from a previous flock that exhibited clinical signs of necrotic enteritis. Birds began exhibiting clinical signs of necrotic enteritis on day 9, and elevated necrotic enteritis–associated mortality persisted until day 26. Mortality was influenced by the main effects of dietary calcium or phytase. The results suggest a high level of soluble calcium in the diet may influence necrotic enteritis–associated mortality, according to Paiva, and bird performance was affected by interactions of calcium, phosphorus and phytase during exposure to C. perfringens and the necrotic enteritis outbreak. NEW INVESTIGATIONS INTO OPTIMISING THE USE OF FEED ENZYMES Simultaneous Feeding of Protease and Carbohydrase Enzymes Anti-nutritional factors in grains, such as wheat and barley, can decrease digestive efficiency and thus decrease the nutritive value of the feed ingredients, according to I.B. Barasch12 of North Carolina State University, working in a team with BioResourceInternational, Inc. Exogenous enzymes, such as carbohydrases (CH) and proteases can be added to animal feed to improve nutrient utilisation, feed conversion and body weight gain. The objective of the two studies reported was to determine whether the protease reduced the effectiveness of the carbohydrase. In study 1, the basal diet was 30 per cent wheat and 20 per cent barley and in study 2, it was 15 per cent wheat and 40 per cent barley. The treatments consisted of a positive control with high fat, a negative control with low fat, and low–fat diets containing a commercially available carbohydrase, protease or both.

The data from these studies, according to Barasch, showed that there was no interference of the protease on the carbohydrase activity and that the protease used in this study can be used in combination with commercial carbohydrases. Effects of Phytase on Broilers Vaccinated against Coccidiosis Broiler performance, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (IAAD) and small intestinal pH and morphology were evaluated in a factorial experiment with dietary phytic acid (PA), phytase and a live coccidia oocyst vaccine and reported by Regina Lehman13 of Virginia Tech, working in a team with AB Vista. Day-old broilers were either spray–vaccinated with a live vaccine or received no vaccine. Birds were allocated to one of four diets: low PA without phytase, low PA with 1,000FTU per kg phytase added over the top, high PA without phytase, and high PA with 1,000FTU per kg phytase added over the top. Low– and high–PA diets were formulated to contain 0.21 and 0.29 per cent phytate–phosphorus, respectively, while maintaining similar available phosphorus levels. The addition of phytate and phytase to nutritionally adequate diets altered intestinal morphology and pH, according to Lehman. Phytase at 1,000FTU per kg improved intestinal morphology and IAAD, and changed pH in the gastrointestinal tract by alleviating the anti– nutrient effects of phytate, especially in young broilers. Efficacy of a Mycotoxin–Degrading Enzyme Mycotoxins are a potential threat in poultry production, leading to decreased performance and impaired health. Karin Naehrer14 of Biomin Holding, reported an experiment conducted at the SAMITEC Institute in Brazil to evaluate an experimental feed additive containing a fumonisin–degrading enzyme (FUMzyme®) in diminishing the toxic effects of aflatoxins (Afla) and/or fumonisins (FUM) added to broiler rations. Addition of aflatoxins and/or fumonisins added to broiler rations negatively influenced the final body

Nutrition Research Focuses on Cutting Feed Costs weight and the feed intake. In animals challenged with fumonisins (and aflatoxins), the biomarker for fumonisin exposure – the sphinganine:sphingosine ratio – was significantly higher. Naehrer concluded that affected parameters like final body weight, feed conversion and sphinganine:sphingosine ratio were improved by the addition of the experimental feed additive in the birds exposed to mycotoxins. Effects of Enzymes on Ileal Digestibility of Maize and Wheat Diets Two studies with 21– or 42–day–old male broilers were performed to evaluate changes on the ileal energy contribution of substrates in response to xylanase and amylase without (XA), or with protease (XAP) in four diet types, reported Luis F. Romero15 of Danisco Animal Nutrition. Both studies used a factorial arrangement of treatments with two base grains (corn–soy or wheat–soy diets); two levels of fibrous protein ingredients (without or with 10 per cent corn–DDGS and five per cent canola meal); and three enzyme levels (a negative control with 500FT per kg phytase (NC); NC with XA, or NC with XAP (Axtra XAPTM, Danisco Animal Nutrition). Across diet types, starch digestibility increased with XA and XAP compared to the NC but no differences were observed between XA and XAP. XA and XAP increased protein digestibility at 21 days but only XAP increased protein digestibility compared to NC at 42 days. Both products increased fat digestibility compared to the NC at 21 and 42 days. Compared to NC, XA increased ileal digestible energy (IDE) by 52 or 87kcal and XAP increased it by 104 or 152kcal per kg dry matter at 21 days and 42 days, respectively. Enzyme × protein ingredient interactions were not evident for starch, fat or protein digestibility, concluded Romero. Enzyme × grain interactions were present for starch digestibility at 21 and 42 days, and for fat digestibility at 21 days. No enzyme × grain or enzyme × fibre ingredient interactions were observed for IDE. Energy digestibility effects of enzymes were consistent across diet types.

REFERENCES All papers were presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum in Atlanta, Georgia, US in January 2012. 1 Nusairat B., R. Qudsieh, C.R. Stark,V.R. Pantalone and J. Brake. Effect of low phytate and normal phytate soybean meal and dietary corn particle size on male broiler performance and nutrient digestibility to 21 days of age 2 Xu Y., C. Stark, P. Ferket and J. Brake. Effect of roller mill ground corn inclusion and litter type on broiler performance and fecal characteristics 3 Pacheco W., C. Stark, J. Brake and P. Ferket. Evaluation of ESBM and corn particle size on broiler performance. 4 Farahat M., E-S. Hassanein,W. Abdel-Razik and S. Noll. Effect of incorporation of DDGS and canola meal to turkey diets on the dietary electrolyte balance, performance, and litter moisture 5 Murugesan G.R., B. Kerr and M. Persia. Evaluation of energy values of various oil sources when fed to broiler chickens 6 Da Costa M.J., E.O. Oviedo, M.R. Dalmagro, P.L. Mente, K.N. Claassen, A. Mitchell, H. Engster and R. Mitchell. Effects of calcium and phosphorus levels during the grower phase for Heritage broilers: bone mineralization, strength and leg health 7 Mejia L., K. Lopez, C. McDaniel, H. Parker and A. Corzo. Evaluation of carryover effects of dietary lysine intake by Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens on progeny live performance 8 Brake J. A dosimetry study of the effects of canthaxanthin in broiler breeders from 45 to 62 weeks of age 9 Adedokun S., P. Jaynes, R. Payne and T. Applegate. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients in laying hens and broilers 10 Mussini F.J., S.D. Goodgame, C. Lu, C.D. Bradley, S.M. Fiscus and P.W.Waldroup. A nutritional approach to the use of anticoccidial vaccines in broilers: glutamine utilization in critical stages of immunity acquisition. 11 Paiva D., C. Walk, F.W. Pierson, R. Dalloul and A. McElroy. Dietary calcium, phosphorus and phytase effects on broiler performance during a natural exposure to Clostridium perfringens. 12 Barasch I.B., J.L. Grimes, P.E. Biggs, J.D. Garlich and J.J. Wang. Effect of a protease on a commercial carbohydrase when fed to broiler chickens. 13 Lehman R., H.Wladecki, C.Walk, A. Cowieson and A. McElroy. The effect of dietary phytic acid and phytase on performance and small intestinal health of coccidia-vaccinated broilers. 14 Naehrer K. and C. Mallmann. Effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins on performance of broilers and the efficacy of a feed additive containing fumonisin degrading enzyme. 15 Romero L.F., P.W. Plumstead and V. Ravindran. Ileal digestibility of energy, starch, fat, and protein in corn- or wheat-based broiler diets containing exogenous carbohydrases and protease.

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EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Share of European Egg Total in Decline

FEATURE ARTICLE

Global Poultry Trends

EU’s Share of European Egg Total in Decline The European Union’s contribution to total European egg production in the decade 2000 to 2010 contracted from 70 per cent to almost 64 per cent, writes seasoned industry watcher,Terry Evans, in his latest review of the trends in the European egg market. Looking ahead to the end of 2012, it seems that the ban on conventional layer cages, which still has yet to be fully implemented in several member states, will result in a reduction in production and a further decline in the share of EU output in the total for Europe. With production sure to contract in several EU countries, the total for the EU will fall short of the average for the five years to 2010 of 6.7 million tonnes. For Europe as a whole, egg production expanded by around one per cent annually between 2000 and 2010 as annual output climbed from 9.5 million tonnes to 10.5 million tonnes (table 1). However, for the EU, the expansion rate was a negligible 0.2 per cent per year, which contrasts starkly with 2.7 per cent for the rest of Europe and also a global growth average of 2.2 per cent (table 2). In terms of numbers of layers, the EU looks to have around 480 million hens out of a European total of almost 790 million and a world figure of 6,500 million. European egg processors have the capability of producing two million tonnes of egg products a year although their actual output is likely to be less than this. Looking ahead, global shell egg production (including hatching eggs) output this year could come close to 65 million tonnes. As it is likely that a cut–back in the EU will not be fully offset by further growth in Russia and the Ukraine, Europe’s contribution to the world total at around 10.2 million tonnes looks likely to fall short of the peak level of 10.5 million tonnes achieved two years ago (table 1 and chart 1). The nine largest egg industries in Europe, each producing more than 500,000 tonnes a year (Table 3 and Figure 2) accounted for 8.3 million tonnes in 2010 or nearly 80 per cent of the regional total.

EU’s Share of European Egg Total in Decline

Table 1. World egg production by region (million tonnes) Region Africa

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011F

2012F

1.9

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Americas

10.4

11.6

12.2

12.4

12.6

12.7

12.9

Asia

29.1

32.8

33.2

34.8

36.3

37.0

37.5

38.1

38.7

Europe

9.5

9.9

10.1

10.0

10.3

10.5

10.3

10.2

Oceania

0.2

0.3

51.2

56.7

58.1

59.7

61.8

62.7

63.6

64.2

64.7

WORLD

Source to 2010: FAO

Table 2 shows just that most countries produced fewer eggs in 2010 than in 2000. Indeed, the only ones to record significant continuous growth throughout the decade were the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and Poland. While the United Kingdom produced 88 per cent more eggs in 2010 than in 2000, the increase has been a mere 10,000 tonnes since 2005. Russia is by far and away the leading producer, accounting for more than a fifth of the regional total. According to FAO data in 2010, there were nearly 156 million layers in Russia. Egg output was put at 40.4 billion, of which three–quarters came from commercial companies. All short–term forecasts point to continued expansion in production, reflect-

ing further increases in sales to both the retail and industrial sectors. In recent years, Russia’s industry has been expanding at around three to four per cent per cent a year, which would point to a 2015 total of some 2.7 million tonnes. However, one forecast considers that, by 2015, egg sales will not amount to more than 44.6 billion, equivalent to around 2.5 million tonnes. Furthermore, Russia’s Ministry of Economic Development considers that growth will not be dramatic and total output in 2014 may be only 2.5 per cent above the 2010 figure, which would be less than 2.4 million tonnes.The bulk of production comes from just three regions, 24 per cent from the Volga Federal District, with the Central Federal District accounting for a further 19 per cent and the South Federal District some 14 per cent.

Figure 1. Egg production in Europe compared to other world regions

FEATURE ARTICLE Table 2. Hen egg production in Europe ('000 tonnes) Country

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Albania

21.0

27.3

26.5

27.2

29.7

29.8

31.3

Austria

86.1

89.3

90.6

95.2

96.2

92.0

93.0

Belarus

182.3

172.4

185.0

179.0

183.7

190.3

196.0

Belgium

194.2

179.8

194.0

174.2

194.0

200.0

189.0

Bosnia/Herzegovina

18.2

17.6

17.0

20.3

26.2

23.6

20.8

Bulgaria

82.1

97.0

99.2

97.4

93.7

88.7

89.3

Croatia

46.5

49.4

50.7

48.2

47.2

48.3

42.1

188.0

89.5

86.7

93.0

98.9

97.6

121.1

Denmark

74.3

79.8

77.0

78.0

81.0

73.9

76.4

Estonia

15.8

13.1

11.4

9.9

9.2

10.8

11.4

Finland

58.5

58.2

56.7

57.0

58.3

53.9

61.5

France

1,038.0

930.1

908.3

878.4

946.8

918.3

946.6

Germany

901.0

795.0

796.5

785.6

789.6

698.1

664.3

Greece

116.6

110.1

99.5

97.3

101.8

108.8

99.8

Hungary

176.4

164.7

164.2

157.9

159.9

155.9

151.8

Iceland

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.9

3.0

2.7

Ireland

32.4

37.5

38.1

33.8

41.2

41.6

45.0

686.1

722.2

678.9

724.0

750.0

812.5

736.8

Latvia

24.4

33.4

35.7

42.1

40.3

42.9

45.0

Lithuania

41.5

51.9

53.4

55.0

54.8

47.8

42.8

1.0

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

25.5

19.0

18.5

18.0

15.5

15.4

18.8

5.4

5.9

7.3

7.6

8.2

7.0

5.1

32.0

42.5

42.7

39.3

31.4

35.8

40.2

Montenegro

2.3

3.6

2.7

2.8

3.8

Netherlands

668.0

607.0

611.0

621.0

627.0

612.0

631.0

Norway

46.9

50.7

50.6

53.2

56.0

58.8

59.9

Poland

423.8

536.0

537.2

546.8

581.7

605.0

619.0

Portugal

117.4

118.2

119.1

121.6

124.0

131.0

Romania

262.8

355.4

356.7

311.3

333.6

297.3

297.5

1,894.6

2,049.9

2,100.0

2,121.8

2,118.5

2,194.5

2,260.6

72.8

68.8

60.2

51.3

61.0

Serbia/Montenegro

72.0

76.6

Slovakia

60.8

62.9

70.3

72.5

71.3

70.6

74.7

Slovenia

22.7

14.3

15.8

19.4

21.5

21.6

Spain

657.6

708.5

826.7

825.0

812.4

829.5

840.0

Sweden

102.0

99.0

95.0

97.0

100.0

103.2

36.3

37.9

38.9

38.8

39.3

41.5

43.2

Ukraine

496.6

748.1

815.6

807.2

855.2

883.8

973.9

United Kingdom

568.6

609.0

594.0

579.3

600.1

600.0

619.0

EUROPEAN UNION

6,616.0

6,581.2

6,636.1

6,584.3

6,801.6

6,720.9

6,727.5

EUROPE

9,479.8

9,866.0

10,050.3

10,004.0

10,260.2

10,289.7

10,471.8

WORLD

51,213.8

56,681.0

58,090.7

59,719.1

61,793.2

62,732.5

63,575.1

Czech Republic

Italy

Luxembourg Macedonia Rep. Malta Moldova Rep.

Russian Federation Serbia

Switzerland

Source: FAO

EU’s Share of European Egg Total in Decline

Table 3. European egg production ranking in 2010 ('000 tonnes) Russian Federation

2260.6

Ukraine

973.9

France

946.6

Spain

840.0

Italy

736.8

Germany

664.3

Netherlands

631.0

United Kingdom

619.0

Poland

619.0

Romania

297.5

Belarus

196.0

Belgium

189.0

Hungary

151.8

Portugal

131.0

Czech Republic

121.1

Sweden

103.2

Greece

99.8

Austria

93.0

Bulgaria

89.3

Denmark

76.4

Slovakia

74.7

Finland

61.5

Serbia

61.0

Norway

59.9

Latvia

45.0

Ireland

45.0

Switzerland

43.2

Lithuania

42.8

Croatia

42.1

Moldova Rep.

40.2

Albania

31.3

Slovenia

21.6

Bosnia/Herzegovina

20.8

Macedonia Rep.

18.8

Estonia

11.4

Malta

5.1

Montenegro

3.8

Iceland

2.7

Luxembourg

1.3 Source: FAO

Because of its size in relation to the rest of Europe, much attention is focussed on developments in Russia. However, the fastest growing egg industry in the region is in the Ukraine. Here, between 2000 and 2010, output expanded from less than 500,000 tonnes to nearly one million tonnes, equivalent to an average annual growth rate of nearly seven per cent. In 2011, egg production is reported to have increased by a massive near 10 per cent to almost 1.1 million tonnes. Ukraine's largest egg producer, AvangardCo, has almost 25 million layers capable of producing 6.8 billion eggs. In 2011, this company produced almost six billion eggs, which represented around one–third of all the country's eggs although it maintains that it produces some 43 per cent of what it considered to be ‘industrial’ production. It also claims to account for 74 per cent of the country’s output of dried eggs, 97 per cent of all dried egg exports and 52 per cent of shell egg exports. For AvangardCo, the most rapidly growing export markets are Iraq and the Commonwealth of Independent States, these accounting for 60 per cent and 38 per cent of its business, respectively, in 2011. This company has also opened up new markets in Armenia, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. Throughout the past decade, annual egg production in the European Union has hardly changed fluctuating between 6.6 and 6.8 million tonnes. Currently, the egg industries in the Community are in crisis as earlier this year, it was claimed that producers in many of the 27 member countries had failed to conform to the ban on conventional battery cages, which came into effect on 1 January 2012. They were: Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. The resultant possible culling of layers and the time lag involved in switching to less intensive production systems will guarantee that egg production in the Community will fail to reach recent levels. Indeed, it is considered that the shortfall could be somewhere between 15 and 20 per cent.To some extent this cut– back will be offset by gains in European countries outside the Community and in particular, Russia and the Ukraine. Nevertheless, it looks as though the total for Europe will contract from the peak of 10.5 million

FEATURE ARTICLE Table 4. Leading egg producers in Europe ('000 tonnes) Country

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1,038.0

930.1

908.3

878.4

946.8

918.3

946.6

Germany

901.0

795.0

796.5

785.6

789.6

698.1

664.3

Italy

686.1

722.2

678.9

724.0

750.0

812.5

736.8

Netherlands

668.0

607.0

611.0

621.0

627.0

612.0

631.0

Poland

423.8

536.0

537.2

546.8

581.7

605.0

619.0

1,894.6

2,049.9

2,100.0

2,121.8

2,118.5

2,194.5

2,260.6

Spain

657.6

708.5

826.7

825.0

812.4

829.5

840.0

Ukraine

496.6

748.1

815.6

807.2

855.2

883.8

973.9

United Kingdom

568.6

609.0

594.0

579.3

600.1

600.0

619.0

Total above

7,334.3

7,705.8

7,868.2

7,889.1

8,081.3

8,153.7

8,291.2

EUROPE

9,479.8

9,866.0

10,050.3

10,004.0

10,260.2

10,289.7

10,471.8

France

Russian Federation

Source: FAO

tonnes achieved in 2010 to around 10.2 million tonnes in 2012. Of the 6.7 million tonnes of eggs produced in the EU, about 1.8 million tonnes or 27 per cent are used by processors for the production of egg products. There are just over 100 processing plants in the EU, and according to Filiep Van Bostraeten, CEO of Ovobel Ltd, the proportion of eggs processed could rise to between 30 and 35 per cent by 2015. Some product users in the food industry are only using noncage eggs to help boost the animal welfare–friendly image of their business and branded products.

produced in enriched cages or in barn, free–range or organic systems was only 40 per cent in 2010. Output looks likely to contract this year as the conventional cage flocks are depleted. More than 96 per cent of eggs are brown–shelled. The proportion of processed eggs consumed in France was around 25 per cent in 2010 and this figure is likely to increase to around 30 per cent or so in the near future. But the key question is, what quantity of product will be produced from French eggs and how much will be imported from third countries?

The investment required to make the switch from conventional cages is substantial. The increased cost of egg production is expected to range between seven and 12 per cent in general although in some instances, it could be as much as 20 per cent or more. Indeed, one calculation reveals that the cost of getting out of conventional cages when combined with other EU costs such as the GMO ban, environmental restrictions on manure and house emissions, higher labour and energy costs, egg production in the EU could eventually cost 50 per cent more than in countries like the US and Brazil.

Egg production in Germany has contracted dramatically since 2000 from more than 900,000 tonnes to less than 650,000 tonnes in 2010. According to the Germany representative at the International Egg Commission (IEC), the quantity of table eggs produced in 2010 was less than 600,000 tonnes. This country introduced a total ban on conventional cages in 2010, since when it has seen its level of self–sufficiency fall to just 55 per cent. Currently, around 63 per cent of eggs come from barn systems, 19 per cent from free–range and 18 per cent from enriched cages. Germany is the world's biggest importer of shell eggs, the quantity exceeding 500,000 tonnes in 2010.

Egg production (table and hatching) in France has failed to match the peak of more than one million tonnes achieved in 2000 and 2001. The quantity of table eggs produced amounted to 825,000 tonnes in 2009 and 875,000 tonnes in 2010. The proportion

Developments in other EU countries as they conform to the cage ban could impact on production in Germany but, at present, it seems unlikely that the industry will change greatly in the foreseeable future. Indeed, there is a view that German egg producers

EU’s Share of European Egg Total in Decline Figure 2. Leading shell egg producers in Europe

are well placed to take advantage of a growing demand for non–cage eggs elsewhere in the Community. The egg industry of Italy expanded in the period 2000 to 2009 but then contracted in 2010. At that time, still more than half of the flock was housed in conventional cages. While it is still unclear what actions will be taken by individual governments in the EU over the production of eggs now considered to be illegal, it is hard to see how the Italian industry would not contract, at least in the short-term. All bar seven per cent of Italy’s eggs are brown–shelled. An upward trend is evident in the production of eggs in Poland (tables 2 and 4). The Polish industry had asked for an extension of the ban on conventional cages but the European Commission refused the request. Lack of finance will almost certainly mean that some producers will not have conformed to the regulation, hence the upward trend in production could now be reversed. Indeed, the Czech Republic has recently banned Polish egg imports because of the latter’s failure to conform to the EU hen welfare regulations. Just 10 per cent of eggs are not brown.

According to the country’s representative at the IEC’s annual conference, 2010 witnessed a five per cent cut–back in table egg production in Spain to just less than 770,000 tonnes. Many farmers have failed to comply with the hen welfare regulations and although they have recently asked for derogation for two years, the Commission is unlikely to agree. Hence, some producers will be forced out of business bringing about a further cutback in output. Some 90 per cent of eggs are brown–shelled. Both the Netherlands and the UK claim that their egg producers have conformed to the new regulations. As a result of the move away from conventional cages, production costs have risen. Regardless of member country, those producers who have invested significant sums to conform to the new legislation are, naturally, greatly concerned that their markets may be exposed to supplies from producers who have failed to make the required changes. While this is most unlikely in shell form, the worry is that these cheaper eggs will find a way into the products sector. In the UK, several users of egg products have given an undertaking not to use products from eggs produced in conventional cages.

FEATURE ARTICLE

Feature Article

Feed Enzyme and Essential Oils Improve Broiler Performance, Reduce Salmonella Colonisation The addition of essential oils and the feed enzyme, xylanase, to a broiler diet improve bird performance and reduced the horizontal transmission of Salmonella infection, according to newly published research from the UK and the US.

An experiment published in the current issue of Poultry Science examined the influence of xylanase supplementation and a blend of essential oils (EO; cinnamaldehyde and thymol) on performance and Salmonella horizontal transmission in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella, according to Ahmed Amerah from Danisco Animal Nutrition in the UK and co-authors at Southern Poultry Research Inc. in Athens, Georgia and the University of Georgia.

Performance data were analysed as a completely randomised design using GLM. The frequency of positive Salmonella in the untagged birds was compared between treatments by using a chi–squared test of homogeneity. Challenging the birds with Salmonella had no effect (P>0.05) on any of the measured performance parameters. Xylanase and EO supplementation improved (P<0.05) the 42–day bodyweight gain and feed efficiency, with no effect (P>0.05) on feed intake compared with that of the control treatment. Xylanase supplementation improved (P<0.05) bodyweight gain and feed efficiency compared with the results of EO supplementation.

The researchers randomly assigned 2,000 day–old broiler chicks to five dietary treatments (eight pens per treatment of 50 male broilers each).

The combination treatment of xylanase and EO numerically improved bodyweight gain and feed efficiency compared with the xylanase treatment.

Four dietary treatments were challenged with Salmonella: 1) control, 2) basal diets supplemented with EO, 3) basal diet supplemented with xylanase (2,000 units per kg of feed), and 4) basal diet supplemented with a combination of EO and xylanase (2,000 units per kg of feed). One treatment served as an unchallenged control and was not supplemented with either additive.

Xylanase and EO supplementation reduced (P<0.05) the incidence of horizontal transmission of Salmonella infection between birds by 61 and 77 per cent, respectively, compared with the control.

Broiler starter and finisher diets, based on wheat and soybean meal, were formulated, pelleted, and fed ad libitum. On day 1, before placement, half of the birds from each pen were tagged and dosed with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (5 × 105 colony-forming units, cfu per millilitre). On day 42, five random untagged birds from each pen were killed and their caeca removed and tested for Salmonella.

Amerah and co-authors concluded their results suggest that dietary addition of EO and xylanase could improve broiler performance and contribute to food safety by lowering the incidence of horizontal transmission of Salmonella infection.

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Laying Hens go Undercover to Improve Production

Feature Article

Laying Hens go Undercover to Improve Production Planting trees on the range for outdoor hens brought both economic and welfare benefits, according to new research from the UK. This work was carried out by McDonalds sustainable egg supply working group which was set up to address welfare and other sustainability issues in laying hens, according to Bright and Joret in their paper published in Veterinary Record.

BACKGROUND In 2007, McDonalds’ egg suppliers, The Lakes Free Range Egg Company and Noble Foods Ltd, (all free– range) were required to plant a minimum of five per cent of the range with trees (if not already planted). It is well established that tree cover provision improves the welfare of free–range laying hens. How-

FEATURE ARTICLE laying flocks, with and without tree cover on the range.Thirty–three free–range flocks with trees were compared with 33 flocks without trees; the flocks were matched for strain, flock size, week of placement at the laying farm and percentage tree cover. This ‘matched pair’ analysis eliminates much of the variation between flocks that might be expected due to, for example, different strains and flocks sizes. RESULTS In flocks with tree cover, there were significantly less 45–week–and–over packing station egg seconds (4.8 per cent) than flocks without tree cover (5.9 per cent). There was also lower mortality in flocks with tree cover (10.6 per cent) than flocks without tree cover (13.8 per cent), although this was not quite statistically significant. In the UK, a second egg is worth approximately one– third that of a Class A egg. If tree cover provision results in an approximately one per cent decrease in packing station seconds and a one per cent decrease in farm seconds (since the underlying reasons for both seconds are similar), then in a 10,000–bird flock (assuming 24 dozen eggs per bird), approximately 4,800 eggs would move to Class A from seconds.

ever, producers also noticed that since tree planting, there there was less egg seconds and lower bird mortality. Egg seconds due to poor shell quality are a significant cost to the egg industry – in the UK, a seconds egg is worth approximately 30 per cent that of a Grade A egg – and bird mortality obviously represents an economic cost to producers since birds that die during lay have already consumed feed (and other) resources, and fewer birds per house produce fewer eggs.

By demonstrating an economic as well as a welfare benefit to planting trees on the laying hen range, McDonalds and their suppliers hope to incentivise tree planting by other egg producers. There may also be additional benefits to tree planting such as improved biodiversity and carbon sequestration although these are yet to be investigated. REFERENCE Bright A. and A.D. Joret. 2012. Laying hens go undercover to improve production. Veterinary Record, 170:228. doi: 10.1136/vr.100503

Demonstration of an economic benefit of tree cover provision would be an added incentive for free range egg producers to invest in tree planting. In this study, the authors, Bright and Joret, investigated whether there was a difference in both packing station egg seconds and mortality in matched free–range

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Health & Welfare News HORMONE, ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN ANIMALS STABILISED

LOBBYING PROMPTS NEW ONLINE MEDS SCHEME

EU - Based on 736,806 analytical results collected by Member States, the European Commission has published a report which concludes that for the reporting period 2010, only 0.33 per cent of the total number of targeted samples on residues was detected in animals as being non-compliant with EU standards.

UK - NFU lobbying has resulted in the launch of a new accreditation scheme for the online sale of veterinary medicines.

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POULTRY CRC AIMS TO DEVELOP NECROTIC ENTERITIS VACCINE

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In a preceding pilot study Ceva evaluated the technology, which allows cells to grow rapidly and in high cell densities in ProBioGen’s proprietary chemically defined medium. Master cell banking for one viral vaccine strain has been completed and further development projects are underway.

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Volker Sandig, Chief Scientific Officer of ProBioGen, is convinced that “this agreement is the result of an excellent collaboration and is based on a mutual focus on technologically optimized biopharmaceutical manufacturing.We are pleased that Ceva as an expert vaccine producer decided to work with us on our AGE1.CR® cell line...

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Health & Welfare News BIRD FLU SUPPORT WAS TOO LATE FOR POULTRY SECTOR

VACCINATING CHICKENS TO PREVENT FOOD-BORNE ILLNESS

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The support measures came into effect after the industry had started to see a recovery. And the measures were not well communicated so that it made it difficult for some sectors to apply for support and to receive it. The ‘Evaluation of the Exceptional Market Support Measure in the Poultry and Egg Sector’ calls on new support measures in the event of future crises to be written into the reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy. Read More...

BROILER FARMERS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE PROFICIENCY CERTIFICATE FINLAND - In future, a proficiency certificate issued by a proficiency examiner is required from broiler chicken farmers. However, if the person in question has at least three years’ experience in keeping broiler chickens by 30 June 2010, he or she can apply for a certificate attesting to a comparable qualification, by contacting the local Regional State Administrative Agency before 1 May 2012. The Animal Welfare Act requires that broiler chicken keepers in charge of a minimum of 500 birds have at least a level of proficiency, and the related certificate, corresponding to the qualification module specialising in meat poultry recognised by the Finnish National Board of Education. This certificate is issued by the proficiency examiner, authorised by the Ministry of Education and Culture to provide basic or further vocational training. By law, the aforementioned training is not required from a person who has... Read More...

This approach could drastically cut the number of cases of food poisoning, saving the UK economy millions each year, says an American scientist presenting his work at the Society for General Microbiology's Spring Conference in Dublin. Food-borne illness costs the UK an estimated £2 billion each year. Campylobacter is the leading cause of food-borne illness and is responsible for about 30 per cent of cases in the UK. Campylobacter jejuni was responsible for more than 371,000 estimated cases in England and Wales in 2009, resulting in more than 17,500 hospitalisations and 88 deaths. Read More...

INHERENT RISK IN INTRODUCING NEW MEAT INSPECTION RULES EU - The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is expected to publish its recommendations for changes to meat inspection in poultry processing plants in June this year, writes Chris Harris. This will be followed by changes to the meat inspection regulations for cattle and also for domestic solipeds (horse family) and game in June 2013. The recommendations will take a risk based approach to inspection and will follow the review from the panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), the panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) and the panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). However, there will be concerns with in the different sectors that the new inspection criteria will put added pressure and costs on the industry.

Poultry Industry News CHANGING THE SEX RATIO IN CHICKEN NETHERLANDS - Researchers at ABGC have developed a novel method that now makes it possible to determine the sex of a chicken egg by using a PCR method in the laboratory, eliminating the need for incubation. Previously, researchers could determine sex ratio bias only after incubating eggs. This new method is currently being used to study and understand the mechanisms underlying the primary sex ratio bias in chickens. It might also be possible to apply the methods of affecting the sex ratio in poultry industry. It is interesting from both an economical point of view and an ethical point of view, as it could lead to a decrease in the production of male eggs, thereby reducing the need to kill one-day-old chicks in the layer poultry industry. In mammals, the sex of the progeny is determined by the maleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sperm cells. In contrast, in birds, the sex of the offspring is determined by the femaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s egg. Read More...

COBB OFFICIALLY OPENS NEW US RESEARCH COMPLEX US - The latest US Cobb-Vantress, Inc research complex, built in Deer Lodge, Tennessee, at a $22 million investment to increase its pedigree breeding activities, has been officially opened. Several guests spoke at a ribbon cutting ceremony including Jerry Moye, president of Cobb, Donnie Smith, president of Tyson Foods, and Bill Haslam, Governor of Tennessee. The opening comes just over 12 months after Cobb purchased the 1000-acre (405 hectare) site in Morgan County, as part of global expansion of research and development. The opening comes just over 12 months after Cobb purchased the 1000-acre (405 hectare) site in Morgan County, as part of global expansion of research and development. Read More...

Breeding & Genetics EPIGENETICS: THE NEXT FRONTIER IN LIVESTOCK GENETICS

RESEARCHERS WORK TO DEVELOP ALLERGEN–FREE EGGS

GLOBAL - While controversial, epigenetics does appear to offer potentially significant value to livestock genetic programmes, say the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency (ALMA) and GenomeAlberta.

AUSTRALIA - Australian researchers are working on developing allergy-free eggs to eat and be used in vaccines.

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression and other genomic functions without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic studies show that not all genetic information is in the DNA sequence as a significant portion is found in modifications on the epigenome, particularly in DNA methylation (DNAm). It makes sense that manipulating both DNA and methylation of the epigenomes could add significant value to overall livestock genetics efforts.What doesn’t make sense is that such has yet to be explored on any appreciable scale.

There are 40 proteins in egg whites, four of which are allergenic. ABC News reports that the researchers will switch off the allergens in all four, creating a hypoallergenic egg that can produce chickens that lay allergy-free eggs. Associate Professor Cenk Suphioglu, from Deakin's School of Life and Environmental Sciences, says they are not producing genetically-modified chickens as part of this research. He says it is a completely novel approach to the problem. Read More...

AVIAGEN LAUNCHES NEW PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SCHOOL GLOBAL - Aviagen has announced the launch of its first Production Management School for customers based in Europe, Turkey, the Middle East and Africa following the success of similar schools in the US, China and Brazil. The new School will be aimed at poultry professionals involved in the broiler industry in these regions and will complement and build on the experience of the existing well-established and highly-regarded customer education programmes.

Aviagen, the world’s leading poultry breeding company, supplies day-old grandparent and parent stock chicks to customers in 130 countries worldwide under the Arbor Acres, Ross and Indian River brand names.

www.aviagen.com The format of the School is modular, with individual week-long courses planned specifically on the management of broilers, breeders and hatchery/incubation. Graeme Dear, General Manager of Aviagen Limited, said: “The key aim of the new... Read More...

Poultry Industry News PROTECTING POULTRY FLOCKS FROM CONTAMINATION US - Protecting poultry flocks from microorganism contamination is an extremely important component of commercial poultry production environment. The introduction of a highly pathogenic, contagious disease organism into poultry flocks could result in serious economic consequences for producers. The effectiveness of a biosecurity program can be optimized by regional participation. While any level of biosecurity is helpful, if all poultry producers in a given area utilize best management programs, the program as a whole will be more effective. Practicing sound biosecurity procedures every day as part of a best management program will help reduce the possibility of contracting a disease and will reduce the spread of disease should an outbreak occur. Read More...

BANGLADESH IGNORES CALL TO DISINFECT MARKETS BANGLADESH - Drive to clean Dhaka's kitchen markets has not started yet, despite health experts' serious call to disinfect those after H5N1 avian influenza lurched from poultry farms to slaughterhouses. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) has recently confirmed the presence of the virus commonly known as bird flu in the capital's different kitchen markets after three workers were reported positive with H5N1. They informed the authorities concerned to start cleaning drive to wipe out the virus from the environment. The detection also prompted health experts to call for a change in what they term 'dangerous' practice of selling and slaughtering... Read More...

Biosecurity & Hygiene DUTCH STUDY SHOWS HOUSE HYGIENE AFFECTS BROILER GROWTH, IMMUNE RESPONSE NETHERLANDS - The hygienic status of broiler houses was important for the growth and immune responsiveness of young broilers, according to a new study at Wageningen University, where researchers looked at the effects of dust on the performance and immune response of the birds. Researchers based at Wageningen University have studied the effects of a concurrent challenge on slowgrowing broilers with 1) airborne particles of two sizes: fine dust (smaller than 2.5Âľm) and coarse dust (between 2.5 and 10Âľm) that were directly collected from a broiler house and 2) lipopolysaccharide on intratracheal immunizations with the specific antigen human serum albumin (HuSA). In a paper published recently in Poultry Science, H.T.L. Lai (now at Hanoi University of Agriculture in Viet Nam) and co-authors explain that they measured primary and secondary systemic (total) antibody responses and...

BIRD FLU RISK RAISED BY BIOSECURITY FAILURES IN NIGERIA NIGERIA - Biosecurity failures were revealed in a survey of poultry farming in Kogi state, according to new research at Ahmadu Bello University, raising the risk of the introduction and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the area. Better knowledge and understanding by stakeholders would help reduce the risks, say the researchers. Kogi state did not report Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) during the 2006-2008 outbreaks in Nigeria despite the presence of favourable factors for the occurrence of the disease, according to researchers at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria. In a paper published in International Journal of Poultry Science, O.N. Ameji and colleagues describe a survey conducted among stakeholders using structured questionnaires to determine the level of awareness, knowledge and readiness... Read More...

FOSSILSHIELD: HIGH RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE UK - There are many red mite control products on the market, however, FOSSILSHIELD is a non-toxic diatomaceous earth and is unique in its ability to accept an electrostatic charge due to its high resistance to moisture. As the mite attempt to remove FOSSILSHIELD from their skin, the powder begins to scratch away their waxy outer layer, exposing the fatty tissue underneath. The powder then dries this tissue, killing the insect naturally. The FOSSIL SHIELD + PCS Poultry professional onsite service provides an electrostatic charge application allowing the powder to grip and wrap around different surfaces & materials, vertical or horizontal, and provides an easier treatment ... Read More...

Poultry Industry News LIVESTOCK PRICES UP WHILE FEED PRICES RISING EU - EU feed wheat and corn prices are showing a slight upward trend, although they are still below last year's figures, according to the Agriview EU Market Prices for Representative Products report, writes Chris Harris. From January to February this year, feed wheat prices rose from €180.26 per tonne to €190.69. However for the same months last year the prices were €218.38 rising to a peak of €232.06. Over the last year the prices slid gradually to reach a low of €171.73 in November last year since when they have been on a gradual increase. Feed corn prices slipped in August last year but have now started to show a small recovery. In February they stood at €195.53 per tonne, but this is compared to prices in the same month last year of nearly €230. Read More...

EU POULTRY FEED PRODUCTION UP SLIGHTLY EU - According to the preliminary statistical data provided by the European Feed Manufacturers Federation (FEFAC), the compound feed production in the EU-27 in 2011 may have reached a level of 150 million tonnes, one per cent below the figure for 2010 (151.4 million tonnes). Cattle and pig feed have seen their production fall, respectively by -3 and -1 per cent, whereas poultry feed increased by per cent, thereby confirming its position of leading segment of compound feed slightly above pig feed. The most important factors which have weighed in on the EU feed demand in 2011 were the still fragile economic situation of the pig sector and the high feed material costs. As regards ruminants, the severe drought on the first month... Read More...

Feeding & Nutrition RESEARCH SPOTLIGHTS TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE BROILER BREEDER PROFITABILITY US - New poultry research results announced by Diamond V, at the International Poultry Expo, Atlanta, Georgia, spotlights technology that helps breeder producers improve their profitability by promoting egg production among broiler breeders, progeny performance, and processing yield. Since 1943, Diamond V has been leading the industry in microbial-based fermentation research and technology innovation. The key bioactive components in Original XPC® are a result of a proprietary anaerobic fermentation process that yields a biologically complex product that supports robust digestive health by balancing gut microbiota, the immune system and optimizing gut morphology.

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA IN POULTRY NUTRITION GERMANY - Salmonella ranks among the world’s biggest threats to health, reports Addcon. In the United States alone, it is thought to be responsible for around 378 deaths and an estimated 19,336 hospitalisations each year. Furthermore, the Center for Disease Control recently estimated a total annual cost of US$3 billion associated with Salmonella in the US. Similar calculations from Denmark in 2001 took this further, suggesting that spending the equivalent of US$14.1 million implementing a Salmonella control programme actually resulted in a net saving of US$25.5 million to the national economy. It is therefore of great interest to investigate management and dietary strategies to counteract Salmonella in poultry production.

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Poultry Industry News US SOY PROMOTED FOR POULTRY DIETS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

FIRST WEEK: GETTING THE BEST POSSIBLE START FOR CHICKS

SOUTH–EAST ASIA - The US Soybean Export Council (USSEC) is collaborating with Novus International on animal science and nutrition activities in Southeast Asia focusing on improving diets for poultry.

AUSTRIA - The early rearing period, the brooding period, is one of the most critical stages in a young birds life be it a chicken, turkey, duck or any other commercially reared bird, writes Andrew Robertson, Poultry Technical Manager at Biomin GmbH.

More than 40 nutritionists and farm managers from the feed industry travelled to Indonesia to participate in a recent seminar. Steve Leeson, PhD, from the University of Guelph, Ontario, delivered presentations focused on layer and broiler nutrition. He also emphasized the fact that soybean meal will remain a major ingredient in poultry nutrition.

The first critical stage is to ensure the quality of the chicks when they arrive at the farm, which is the responsibility of the supplier hatchery, through the correct management of the breeding stocks and the hygiene during the hatching process. After this stage, it is up to the farm to maximise the genetic potentials of the stock to be reared.

Additionally, Dr Leeson discussed the nutritional management of broilers and layers in hot and humid climates, metabolizable energy, amino acid requirements and stocking density for broilers and layers.

Many factors impact on the quality of the birds reared; management, nutrition and hygiene.The house should have been well cleaned, disinfected and rested, to give a sanitary break, before introducing the new litter.

EFSA WARNS OF PRESENCE OF PHOMOPSINS IN FEED

FORFARMERS GROUP TO ACQUIRE BOCM PAULS

EU - Lupins are the main host for the fungus, Phompsin, with infected stubble being the major source of exposure for animals. Lupin seed is used in food and feed production, but the extent is poorly documented and data on the occurrence of phomopsins in lupin-based foods and feeds are limited. Although information on toxicity of phomopsin is lacking, the severity of toxicities in numerous animal species suggests that human and livestock exposures should be kept as low as possible.

NETHERLANDS & UK - BOCM PAULS has announced that ForFarmers Group, which has its Head Office in The Netherlands, is to acquire BOCM PAULS through the acquisition of all of the shares of Agricola Group.

A study by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) studied phomopsins and its toxic effects on animals.

The deal will be completed once ForFarmers Group has gained shareholder approval and is subject to clearance by the EU Competition Authorities.

Phomopsins are a family of mycotoxins produced by the fungus Diaporthe toxica (formerly referred to as Phomopsis leptostromiformis). Lupins are the main host for the fungus. Infection of the...

BOCM PAULS is the UK’s leading feed manufacturer which, through its growth strategy, “The Total Feed Business”, now sells in excess of 2 million tonnes of compounds, blends and co-products.

The price paid by ForFarmers Group is based on an enterprise value of €85 million after an adjustment for pension fund deficit plus a deferred consideration from surplus property.

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Poultry Industry News AGRIFIRM AND DOUX TAKE OVER POULTRY FEED PLANT

NEW TECHNOLOGY OFFERS BARLEY DIGESTIBLE ENERGY ANALYSIS

GERMANY - Dutch co-operative, Agrifirm and French-based poultry processor, Doux, have taken over a feed mill in the east of the country for the production of high–quality broiler feed.

CANADA - A new Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy calibration is providing barley growers and their customers a quick and accurate analysis of the digestible energy content of barley.

Doux and Agrifirm GmbH have reached an agreement on the sale of a factory for broiler feed in the former East Germany, reports NieuwsGrazer. The deal has been officially approved.

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique that uses light to analyse the chemical bonds in feedstuffs and has typically been used in the grains industry to provide simple feed quality analysis and analysis of other quality parameters such as moisture content.

The plant previously produced about 40,000 tons of broiler feed per year. In the future, the factory will focus on broiler feed production. The empty factory is fully equipped with the latest technology to meet the requirements for producing high quality feed.The plant is scheduled to re-open in the autumn, staffed by the previous employees and using the latest nutrition know–how.litter. Read More...

ANPARIO ACQUIRES MERIDEN ANIMAL HEALTH UK - Anpario plc, one of the leading suppliers of natural high performance feed additives to enhance health, growth and sustainability in global agriculture and aquaculture markets, has acquired Meriden Animal Health Limited. The acquisition of Meriden brings another strong trading brand to the Anpario Group, broadening its product technology and increasing Anpario's global market share in the feed additive sector. Meriden, based in Bedfordshire in the United Kingdom, supplies the global agriculture and aquaculture markets with natural animal feed additive products. Meriden’s Orego-Stim range of products, using essential oils, is the leading brand in its field and is marketed across 60 countries worldwide, with the majority of sales being outside the United Kingdom.

Researchers with the University of Alberta, in collaboration with Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, have developed a NIRS calibration to analyse the digestible energy in barley. Read More...

AB VISTA SUPPORTS TURKEY CONFERENCE UK - AB Vista, the leading global supplier of new generation micro-ingredients for the animal feed industry was delighted to support The Turkey Science and Production Conference (TSP 2012), the sixth in a successful series of Technical Turkey conferences. AB Vista will also be sharing its expertise in the field of poultry nutrition – with a presentation by Research Director, Mike Bedford. At TSP 2012, Mr Bedford will present exciting new evidence of the extraordinary effects that high doses of phytase can have on turkey performance.This may well be down to phytase’s ability to destroy phytate, rather than a direct result of the phosphorus that the enzyme provides. Mike Bedford has a PhD in poultry nutrition and biochemistry, and has been involved with more than 200 publications on related topics. At AB Vista he oversees the development of enzyme and yeast products for use in ruminant and non-ruminant feeds.

GLO AGRILAMP TO CHANGE NAME TO AGRILAMP www.agrilamp.com 8 t 11 ac nt 547 Co 332 1 0) 4( +4

GLOBAL - Glo Agrilamp has changed its name to ‘Agrilamp’, appointed new distributors in Ireland and China and increased production in the UK.

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GLO AGRILAMP CHANGES ITS NAME TO ‘AGRILAMP’ NEW

“Over the years, farmers themselves has shortened the name synonymous with quality LED lighting solutions made specifically for the poultry industry, from Glo Agrilamp to simply Agrilamp. With 180,000 internet hits each month to Agrilamp it seemed the obvious thing to do", said John Matcham Agriculture Sales Director. “Just type in www.agrilamp.com and you will find us anywhere in the world,” he added – or email info@agrilamp.com.

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Poultry Industry News FREE–RANGE MARKETS MUST SEE PRICE INCREASE

ONE IN FOUR UK BROILERS FROM ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS

UK - Free range egg producers need to see a significant and immediate increase in the price they receive to maintain supplies in the long-term, the National Farmers' Union (NFU) has said.

UK - Higher–welfare indoor systems now account for 18 per cent of the UK broiler market, writes senior editor, Jackie Linden.

Free range producers have struggled for 18 months amid a background of rising costs, low egg prices and oversupply in the free range market. However, since January 1 and the introduction of the Welfare of Laying Hens Directive, egg supplies have tightened across the UK and Europe, leading to increases in the price of cage and barn eggs, but as yet no corresponding move in the free-range market. NFU poultry board chairman Charles Bourns has called on the supply chain to recognise the seismic shift that is taking place right now in the egg market and to ensure that the British free range egg industry retains its ability to invest in the future. Read More...

CONGRESS MULLS OVER LAW ON BATTERY CAGES ARIZONA, US - Congress is considering new rules for chicken housing, and the plan hatched in Arizona is an unprecedented compromise between egg producers and animal-rights activists. According to AZCentral.com, the rules would mandate larger "enriched" cages where chickens could retreat to nests behind rubber privacy curtains, scratch on AstroTurf-like rugs and jump onto perches when they felt like it. Phased in over 15 years, the requirements would be costly to farmers who will have to expand barn space and replace equipment. But they are backing the measure. "We want to do anything we can so consumers will say, 'Hickman's is doing the right thing, keeping us fed and doing right by their flock,' " said Clint Hickman, an owner of Arizona's only large egg farm. "And we want to stay in business." Read More...

According to the British Poultry Council, indoor assured (‘standard’) production now accounts for 72 per cent of the UK broiler market. Higher welfare systems now have an 18 per cent share of that market, free–range, eight per cent and organic production, two per cent. According to a report from the Soil Association published last week, organic broilers account for 2.2 per cent of the total UK market, worth £26 million. This represents an increase of 5.8 per cent from the previous year. Read More...

OVER-REGULATION THREATENS DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION US - Animal housing, environmental, drug, trading and labour regulations all threaten to move US livestock production offshore, according to a new report. The United States is a leading global producer and exporter of animal products. In 2010, this production led to $283 billion in economic output and 1.8 million jobs. But the farmers, ranchers, and the innumerable companies involved in manufacturing and delivering the meat, egg, and dairy products that make up a key part of the American diet operate in a regulated world.And they are threatened by additional potential regulatory measures that would further constrain or control the manner in which livestock and poultry products are produced. According to the report, prepared for the United Soybean Board, laws and regulations imposed by federal, state, and local governments can make domestic farmers and ranchers uncompetitive with competitors overseas and drive them out of business. Just as manufacturing and service jobs... Read More...

Housing & Equipment GLOBAL INVESTMENT IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE NEEDED GLOBAL - An independent commission of scientific leaders from 13 countries has released a detailed set of recommendations to policyâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;makers on how to achieve food security in the face of climate change. Recommendations include investment in sustainable agriculture and food systems; intensifying agriculture whilst reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing losses and waste in the food system. In their report, the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change proposes specific policy responses to the global challenge of feeding a world confronted by climate change, population growth, poverty, food price spikes and degraded ecosystems. The report highlights specific opportunities under the mandates of the Rio+20 Earth Summit, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Group of 20 (G20) nations. Read More...

NEW AND EXPANDED RANGE OF EOR CIRCULATION FANS ITALY - With the recent introduction of the new 53â&#x20AC;? diameter propeller into the Pericoli range of EOR circulation fans the company has taken the opportunity to add four new models to the range.

NFU: THE 'GOOD EGG' LIST UK - British egg producers have invested ÂŁ400 million to meet new legislation that came into force on New Yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Day and banned battery cages across the EU. However, it has emerged that many producers in European countries have failed to adopt these new 'enriched' welfare standards. As a result, the NFU, British Egg Industry Council and British egg farmers are extremely concerned that eggs produced by hens housed illegally in old-style battery cages may enter the food chain in this country â&#x20AC;&#x201C; therefore undermining both the investment UK farmers have made and their commitment to higher welfare. Because of the very serious risk these eggs pose to the future of the industry, the NFU, BEIC and Defra have been engaging with some the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading supermarkets, food chains, food processors and manufacturers. Read More...

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Poultry Industry News NEW METHOD MONITORS NATURAL INCUBATION UK - Researchers have successfully tested a novel device for incubation studies in wild and domestic birds in nests and artificial incubator trials, which monitors conditions without interfering with natural behaviour. At the International Poultry Scientific Forum in the US earlier this year, Dr Malcolm Mitchell of Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) in Edinburgh reported a study to monitor thermal conditions and egg movement in the nest during natural incubation. He explained that the requirement to monitor accurately and reliably the physiological responses and the condition of animals using techniques that impose minimal interference upon normal behaviours and activities has resulted in the development of a range of radio-telemetry systems. A device has been constructed to be of a similar size and weight to that of a chicken/duck egg thus allowing it to be placed in a nest to monitor conditions during natural incubation. Read More...

GEORGIA RESEARCHERS STUDY IBV HATCHERY VACCINATION US - Hatchery spray cabinet administration of Arkansas vaccine produces less then desirable protection against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), according to new reseach from the University of Georgia. Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious upperrespiratory tract disease in chickens that is extremely difficult to control because different types of the virus causing the disease do not cross-protect. In a recent study, Dr Mark W. Jackwood and his team at the University of Georgia examined infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) field boost vaccination in commercial broilers and found that the number of birds positive for vaccine virus followed a parabolic shaped curve that peaked at 14 days post-vaccination or resembled a sinusoidal type wave with a frequency of about two weeks. Read More...

Incubation & Hatching ULTRASONIC TREATMENT OF EGGS REDUCES MICROBES

ORKA DEVELOPS NEW EGGSHELL THICKNESS GAUGE STAND

TURKEY - Researchers found no significant effects of ultrasonic treatment of Japanese quail eggs on egg weight loss, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick weight or tibia mineral content.

GLOBAL - EggTester.Com (better known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;ORKA Food Technologyâ&#x20AC;?) has developed new Eggshell Thickness Gauge (ESTG) Stand. The new stand is extremely easy to use, provides faster and more accurate reading, and there is no need for training!

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability, tibia mineral content and chick performance in Japanese quail eggs have been reported recently in the journal, Poultry Science, by A. Aygun of Selcuk University and D. Sert of Konya University. A total of 600 fresh eggs was randomly divided into five groups. Treatments were no ultrasound, 35kHz for five minutes, 35kHz for 10 minutes, 35kHz for 15 minutes and eggs sprayed with benzalkonium chloride solution at 0.02 per cent (negative control). Eggshell microbial activity was reduced significantly at all ultrasonic treatments (P<0.01). Read More...

The current range of ORKA comprises: - The Egg Analyzer: this instrument determines the weight of eggs, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color and USDA grade for routine quality control and regulatory compliance - The Egg Force Reader: this device measures the force required to crush a shell and is a direct measure of marketability - The Egg Shell Thickness Gauge: this instrument uses ultrasound to measure the thickness of shells for quality control and research applications. The ORKA range of instruments... Read More...

Poultry Industry News PSA SUPPORTS MODERNISATION TO POULTRY INSPECTION SYSTEM US - The Poultry Science Association (PSA) has announced its broad backing of a government proposal to update federal inspection procedures in poultry processing facilities in the US. The proposed changes, as summarised in a recent US Department of Agriculture (USDA) press release, will modernise the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service’s (FSIS) approach to young chicken and turkey slaughter inspection “by focusing FSIS inspection resources on the areas of the poultry production system that pose the greatest risk to food safety.” Currently, as USDA notes, some FSIS workers in poultry facilities perform a variety of activities unrelated to improving food safety, such as identifying relatively superficial defects on birds, such as bruising. The proposed changes have been designed, according to USDA, to ensure that “all FSIS inspection activities will focus on critical food... Read More...

NUTRITIONAL LABELLING NOW REQUIRED ON MEATS & POULTRY US - The US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is now requiring labelling on popular raw meat and poultry products. The new rule means that consumers will have easy access to nutritional information for packages of ground or chopped meat and poultry. In all, 40 of the most popular whole, raw cuts of meat and poultry will have the labelling. "Providing nutrition information on meat and poultry products in the store gives shoppers a clearer sense of the options available, allowing them to purchase items that are most appropriate for their families’ needs" said Under Secretary for Food Safety Dr Elisabeth Hagen. "These new labels mark a significant step in the agency’s efforts to help consumers make more informed food purchase decisions" Read more...

Processing & Packaging ESTABLISHMENTS MAINTAIN SALMONELLA CONTROL PROCEDURES US - Despite financial stress caused by the weakened economy, chicken establishments appear to be maintaining food safety procedures necessary to control Salmonella contamination, according to a new study conducted by researchers at RTI International and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). According to RTI International, the study, published in the March 2012 issue of the Journal of Food Protection, examined the association between financial performance and FSIS's Salmonella test results in 182 federally inspected chicken establishments between 2007 and 2009. Food processing establishments incur expenses to implement and maintain food safety practices and, during difficult financial times, may be inclined to limit operating costs by reducing these investments.

GOVERNMENT MAY LOWER POULTRY INSPECTION STANDARDS US - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) proposed a new inspection system for young poultry slaughter plants on 27 January 2012. This new proposed rule to turn food inspection over to private plants will result in approximately 1000 fewer government positions. Many believe that the process of privatizing food inspection will also significantly reduce the quality of food available to consumers. According to AlterNet, the proposed rule places emphasis on quantity and quickness over quality. The current poultry inspection process allows workers to look at 35 chickens per minute, while the new plan proposes looking at 175 chickens per minute. In addition, the proposed rule will reduce the number of FSIS carcass inspectors to one per line. This will create less time for inspection as well as job cuts among federal employees. Read More...

LIMA FINDING STRONG OPPORTUNITIES IN GROWING ECONOMIES FRANCE - French company specialist in meat-bone separators, deboners and desinewers, Lima, is finding the growing demand for low-cost protein in developing economies is presenting strong opportunities for the company. The company that last week had a strong presence at the Anuga FoodTec exhibition in Cologne Germany and prior to that at the CFIA exhibition in Rennes, France, is finding a strong market in countries of Eastern Europe. Lima is also seeing an improved share of the market in the Latin American countries. According to Bernard le Bris, the growth in consumption of poultry meat in these areas where the economies are growing is presenting more raw product in the form of wings, legs and... Read more...

INDUSTRY EVENTS

American Meat Institute (AMI) Expo 2012 Dallas, Texas, US, May 1st to 3rd

The largest event for the meat, poultry and seafood processing industries just got a lot bigger and even better. AMI Expo is co-locating with the FMI 2012 Show, UFPA's United Fresh and the US Food Showcase, bringing together almost 1,200 exhibitors and 25,000 attendees in Dallas. AMI Expo always delivers quality education, networking and innovative exhibits that draw the industry leaders you need to see. Now with our new partnership, AMI packer processors have yet another compelling reason to attend AMI Expo: thousands of their retail customers in one place!

INDUSTRY EVENTS Each month we bring you the most important poultry industry events taking place around the world For more events please visit http://www.thepoultrysite.com/events

INDUSTRY EVENTS

BSAS/WPSA UK Annual Conference 2012 Nottingham, UK, April 24th to 25th

Annual meetings of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), the UK Branch of the World's Poultry Science Association (WPSA), AVTRW and ASF (BBSRC).

World Poultry 2012 Brussels, Belgium, May 22nd to 24th

World Poultry is the premier forum for the international poultry industry, giving you the essential information you need to deal with your most pressing challenges and to benefit from new opportunities and contacts. World Poultry 2012 will cover all the key issues facing the poultry industry and assess production and demand trends in key markets, exploring new opportunities for international trade and partnerships.

Aviana Zambia 2012 Lusaka, Zambia, April 19th to 21st

Aviana is an international expo for poultry and livestock. It has been a successful veterinary exhibition since 2008. The latest expo was held in July 2011 in Sri Lanka, opened by the country's President and Prime Minister. Many renowned companies participated as exhibitors.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS BIOSECURITY

CID Lines Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

Hy-Line International Tel: 515-225-6030 Fax: 515-225-6425 aderby@hyline.com www.hyline.com

Aviagen Tel: +44 131 333 1056 Fax: +44 131 333 3296 info@aviagen.com www.aviagen.com

BUILDINGâ&#x20AC;&#x2C6;MATERIALS

pcspoultry.com

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 Email: admin@pcspoultry.com Web: http://www.pcspoultry.com

Indbro Poultry Tel: +91(40) 24145594 drkotaiah@indbropoultry.com www.indbro.com

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

CLEANING MATERIALS BREEDING Hubbard Tel: +33 296 79 63 70 Fax: +33 296 74 04 71 contact.emea@hubbardbreeders.com www.hubbardbreeders.com Cobb Vantress Tel: +1 479 524 3166 Fax: +1 479 524 3043 info@cobb-vantress.com www.cobb-vantress.com

Novogen Tel: +33 296 58 12 60 Fax: +33 296 58 12 61 contact.novogen@novogen-layers.com www.novogen-layers.com

Grimaud Freres Selection S.A.S Tel: +33 (0)2 41 70 36 90 Fax: +33 (0)2 41 70 31 67 grimaudfreres@grimaudfreres.com www.grimaudfreres.com

pcspoultry.com

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 Email: admin@pcspoultry.com Web: http://www.pcspoultry.com

CID Lines Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS Looking for a company to fulfil your needs? Here is a comprehensive listing of poultry industry companies sorted into market sectors. For more businesses please visit http://www.thepoultrysite.com/directory

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS CONTRACTING SERVICES Meriden Animal Health Tel: +44 1234 436130 Fax: +44 1234 436131 sales@meriden-ah.com www.meriden-ah.com

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

pcspoultry.com

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 Email: admin@pcspoultry.com Web: http://www.pcspoultry.com

EQUIPMENT BREEDING

Big Dutchman International Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

DRINKING

Indbro Poultry Tel: +91(40) 24145594 drkotaiah@indbropoultry.com www.indbro.com

Big Dutchman International Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

CONSULTANTS ADVISORS & TRAINING

RL Consulting Tel: +44 (0) 1865 792 890 enquiries@rlconsulting.co.uk www.rlconsulting.co.uk

Orka Food Technology Tel: +852 8120 9245 Fax: +852 2802 7112 info@orkatech.com www.eggtester.com

Big Dutchman International Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Termotecnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

FEEDING EGG HANDLING & GRADING Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Cablevey Tel: +1 641 673 8451 Fax: +1 641 673 7419 info@cableveyag.com www.cableveyag.com

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS EQUIPMENT

MONITORING

FEEDING

Big Dutchman International Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

WEIGHING Termotecnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

TESTING KITS

HATCHING & INCUBATION

Vencomatic Tel: +31 (0)497 517380 Fax: +31 (0)497 517364 info@vencomatic.com www.vencomatic.com

Petersime Tel: +32 9 388 96 11 Fax: +32 9 388 84 58 info@petersime.com www.petersime.com

Orka Food Technology Tel: +852 8120 9245 Fax: +852 2802 7112 info@orkatech.com www.eggtester.com

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Orka Food Technology Tel: +852 8120 9245 Fax: +852 2802 7112 info@orkatech.com www.eggtester.com

Evonik Tel: +49 6181 59 6765 Fax: +49 6181 59 6734 feed-additives@evonik.com www.evonik.com/feed-additives

Biomin Holding GmbH Tel: +43 2782 803 0 Fax: +43 2782 803 30 office@biomin.net www.biomin.net

VACCINATION & VETERINARY

AB Vista Tel: +44 1672 517650 Fax +44 1672 517660 info@abvista.com www.abvista.com Ceva Animal Health Tel: +33 (0) 5575 54040 Fax: +33 (0) 5575 54198 info@ceva.com www.ceva.com

ADDITIVES

WEIGHING

Novus International Tel: +1 314 576 8886 Fax: +1 314 576 2148 contact@novusint.com www.novusint.com

Big Dutchman International Tel: +49 4447 801 0 Fax: +49 4447 801 237 big@bigdutchman.de www.bigdutchman.com

EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS

VIV Tel: +31 30 295 23 02 Tel: +31 30 295 28 09 viv@vnuexhibitions.com www.viv.net

FEED

Danisco Tel: +44 (0) 1672 517777 Fax: +44 (0) 1672 517778 info.animalnutrition@danisco.com www.danisco.com/animalnutrition

Biomin Holding GmbH Tel: +43 2782 803 0 Fax: +43 2782 803 30 office@biomin.net www.biomin.net

+3 15 23 31 0 0

BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS HEALTH & SAFETY

pcspoultry.com

CID Lines Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

Ceva Animal Health Tel: +33 (0) 5575 54040 Fax: +33 (0) 5575 54198 info@ceva.com www.ceva.com

HOUSING & CONSTRUCTION

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com

Termotecnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

PCS Poultry Services Tel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812 Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 376 Email: admin@pcspoultry.com Web: http://www.pcspoultry.com

VETERINARY Meriden Animal Health Tel: +44 1234 436130 Fax: +44 1234 436131 sales@meriden-ah.com www.meriden-ah.com Indbro Poultry Tel: +91(40) 24145594 drkotaiah@indbropoultry.com www.indbro.com Pfizer Animal Health Tel: 1 919 941 5185 pgp.marketing@pfizer.com http://animalhealth.pfizer.com

VACCINE STABILISERS

PEST CONTROL PHARMACEUTICAL

Termotecnica Pericoli Tel: +39 0182 589006 Fax: +39 0182 589005 termotecnica@pericoli.com www.pericoli.com

CID Lines Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

Ceva Animal Health Tel: +33 (0) 5575 54040 Fax: +33 (0) 5575 54198 info@ceva.com www.ceva.com

WELFARE & ANIMAL CARE

CID Lines Tel: +32 5721 7877 Fax: +32 5721 7879 info@cidlines.com www.cidlines.com

WASTE HANDLING & ODOUR CONTROL

Pas Reform Tel: +31 314 659 111 Fax: +31 314 652 575 info@pasreform.com www.pasreform.com