MissLingva

missLINGVA

ISSUE 02 / NOVEMBER 2014

THIS IS HALLOWEEN

«THERE IS NO DARK SIDE OF THE MOON REALLY, MATTER OF FACT ITS ALL DARK»

Facts of Halloween

Passion for «Twilight»

Cover story

Hello everyone “Miss Lingva” as a kind of scientific reporting on language and linguistics, increasing students’ motivation for learning foreign languages and my first international project experience.

Well, what is a linguistic magazine? It is is a magazine with articles on linguistics- and language-based theory, news, application, findings, and field reports. It is committed to diversity in its scope of reporting, covering both the scientific and applied sides of linguistics, while maintaining a neutral stance towards debates occurring within the field.

I love learning languages ​​and try to use all the facilities for this. Once I saw an online linguistic magazine on the internet. It was Babel. Babel is written and compiled by world-class linguists. . And I liked the idea to create me own magazine. And I decided to bring this project to my classmates and foreign students. Of course, the publication of a school magazine is a very difficult task. And here is what I and my team did. Special Thanks to my colleagues!

You are the best!

Editor Creative Director Secretary of the editorial Board Reporter

POLYAKOVA MARIYA BURMISTROVA YANA POLUKHANOVA DARIYA CHERNOKLINOVA OLGA

16 is Halloween” Non04 “This standard lesson by

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Iren Voltman, Maryland, The USA

Questions and feedback: 249 185 Kaluga region, Kremenki.Shkolnaya St. 9 Phone: 8-484-32-58-820 Email: burmistrova1@yandex.ru Online: www.40309-s-007.edusite.ru/

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«Ahh Russia!» By Lord Douglass, Seaford, Delaware, The USA

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Halloween Vocabulary

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Halloween worksheets

Burmistrova Elena Cover story by Podzarey Anastasiya

06 «Facts of Halloween» By

editor

Polyakova Mariya

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missLINGVA

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“A dream comes true” by Lina Fedorenko

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“When you can live forever, what do you live for?”

Passion for «Twilight» by Burmistrova Yana

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Celebración de Halloween en el Perú

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«There is no dark side of the Moon really, matter of fact its all dark» By Pivovarova Ann

TASTY» By 20 «TERRIBLY Mukhametshina Irina and Mukhametshina Helen

Don’t miss our forthcoming events

“This is Halloween” Non-standard lesson by Burmistrova Elena “This is Halloween” Non-standard lesson by Burmistrova Elena 10 form 1.Начало урока : приветствие и оглашение темы и плана урока Greeting T. - Stand up!

- Good morning, students !

P. - Good morning T. - Sit down, please!

The theme of today´s meeting is Halloween. We are going to do a lot of interesting things.

We’ll see videos , do quizzes, may be know new funny things about this holiday. And today we have a competition. We have got 2 teams. The 1st team “ “ and the 2nd team “ “ You will be given some money for every task . $ Halloween!

Let´s see a short video. ( ученики смотрят видео о празднике песня-приветствие) T . And now Let´s listen your greetings The 1st team, please. (первая команда показывает свое приветствие) (накануне ученики писали письмо (краткий рассказ). Начало письма: Dear Pete! I have got a problem! I ‘say it´s a mystical thing ! Last night I was going home…....... Ученики должны были придумать продолжение рассказа. Это и станет впоследствии сюжетом для домашнего задания- инсценировка . А учитель выбирает по одному письму из команды, которое ему показалось наиболее интересным)

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The 2nd team, please. (вторая команда показывает свое приветствие) (учитель ставит баллы за приветствие) ( во время приветствия команды представляют

экранизированный текст письма, снятые видеоролики ) Well, your greetings were very exiting. Let´s continue our competition.

Task 2 You ´ll see a film about the history of Halloween and then you´ll have a test (ученики смотрят фильм «История праздника Хэллоуин » и выполняют тест на экране (презентация) , учитель выставляет баллы за этот этап) T. Sometimes big and sometimes small, But always round and yellow.

When children make my famous grin Then I’m a scary fellow. What is it? (баллы за отгадку) P. JACK-O-LANTERN T. Yes, you are right. Who knows the story about Stingy Jack?

Let’s see. Ученики смотрят фильм о Джеке, отвечают на вопросы учителя, учитель выставляет баллы за этот этап работы 1. Who was Jack?

2. Were was he from?

3. Why was he called Stingy?

T. Well, and now let´s play a game! “ Make up a funny story!”

I´ll tell you a sentence , for example: People celebrate this holiday on the 31st of October.

You must begin your sentence with the last word “OCTOBER” And one by one!

The content of your story should reflect the theme “Halloween” Учитель читает две страшные истории. Ученики передают содержание близко к тексту. Истории http://www.scaryforkids.com/urban-legend-killer-in-the-backseat/ And it´s time to examine our captains . Your task.

The captains ´competition. You´ll read the short texts each other to understand MONSTERS RIDDLES WHO AM I ?

But firstly let´s remember the monsters and Halloween words (презентация с лексикой ) And now let’s continue our captains´ competition!

The second task. Your teams will choose some pictures . You must make up the short story, using these words. Учитель подводи итоги и награждает победителей. (ученики считают “деньги”, у кого больше, тот и выиграл! ) При разработке урока использованы следующий материалы: http://dreamworlds.ru/uploads/posts/2008-11/1225525865_wp_8_800x600.jpg http://www.goodfon.ru/image/13263-800x600.jpg http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4421/90797035.41/0_6dc88_815a74c_XL http://www.scaryforkids.com/vanishing-hitchhiker/

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COVER STORY Do you think that Halloween is the only funny holiday, scaring everybody to death ? Not at all! Halloween – the most extraordinary day, that can become a complete theme for prodigious photo session. If you like to shock, make an impression on the people surrounding you, so it is for you.

Then try to make your photo session in Halloween style, if you want your photo became really not resemble.

Traditionally on Halloween Night people wear scary or funny costumes of witches, vampires, pirates, fairies and ghosts. Nowadays this tradition is kept.

Many different designers make magic Halloween costumes. For your photo session you need, of course, a costume. It will be better, if it is beautiful, refined and unusual. Try to find a dark-colored dress(as mine), or something very extraordinary.

Let your hair down.

It is desirable, to dishevel them. You can do emphasis on your eyes or lips. But I advice you, not to overdo. It’s enough to put bright red lipstick. Regarding eye, emphasize them by interesting black pattern(as, for example, I have done).

And so, your look is completed.

About photo session’s place.

It will be ideal, if the weather is cloudy and rainy. I recommend to take photos in the forest. For making Halloween atmosphere you will need:

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missLINGVA/ November, 2014

by Podzarey Anastasiya 1.

OF COURSE, PUMPKIN. Traditional Halloween symbol is pumpkin. You can find it in the market. Carve a scary smiling face on a pumpkin and put a candle inside.

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CANDLES. Place them instead of in chaotically order and set on fire.

YOU MUST BE VERY SERIOUS AND TRY NOT TO SMILE. IF YOU FOLLOW MY ADVICES, YOU WILL MAKE MAGIC AND FAB PHOTOS! HAPPY HALLOWEEN!

3.

DRAPERIES. Complete place by white or black textile.

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SMOKE. Smoke adds mystery and danger to your image.

missLINGVA/November, 2014

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en

By Ir n a Voltm he USA nd, T aryla

FACTS OF HALLOWEEN

“A DREAM COMES TRUE”

Halloween actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1st, All Hallows Day (or All Saints Day) is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840s by Irish immigrants fleeing their country’s potato famine.

Have you ever imagined yourself 1. “A lady should always have being a princess like that doll you an easy, becoming and graceful played in your childhood? movement while engaged in a quadrille or promenade.”

When I was a little girl, I used to have a dream that one day I 2. “A gentleman should always would be dancing in a beautiful walk around a lady’s train never dress, and there would be a great attempt to step over it.” hall around me... Never stop believing in your dreams!

3. “Great care should be taken by a lady is refusing to dance with Time was passing away - when I a gentleman . After refusing she grew up a little, I was looking at should not accept another invitapictures of the Viennese Ball with tion for the same dance.” great interest. But I couldn’t even imagine I can be that girl like those lovely ladies!

M

On November 2nd, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for “soul cakes.” This is one origin of trick-or-treating.

The Celtic festival of Samhain is the basis for Halloween. Samhain, All Hallowtide, the feast of the dead in Pagan and Christian times, signalizing the close of harvest and the initiation of the winter season.

The day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of the Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans

The Legend of the Jack-O-Lantern A man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and a trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of the cross into the tree’s trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.

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According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed out turnip to keep it glowing longer.

The Irish used turnips as their “Jack’s lanterns” originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips.

The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.

BY LINA FEDORENKO

Many years after I was searching for something in the Wide Web and suddenly I saw an interesting site “historical dances” so then I decided to try.

“Historical dances” mostly mean those dances which were popular in XVIII-XIX century. There were Mazurka, Polonaise, Quadrilles, Contredanses, Polka, Menuet...

And now many people dance them for pleasure at themed balls or dance clubs.

One of the most important thing is etiquette. Here are some ballroom etiquette rules:

To go on the ball, a woman should wear her a long dress (or even the historical reconstruction), white gloves, dance shoes and a hand fan. The last one is really curious - it has even its language! For example: 1. To hold the fan with the right hand in front of the face means “follow me”; 2. To hold it in the left ear - “I want you to leave me alone”; 3. To hold it open, covering the month - “I’m single”.

Then, after studying the most famous dances and reading all these things, I went to my first ball. It was so unforgettable! Such a festive feeling! First of all, the great orchestra was playing different compositions for us. We were dancing and just having a good time in a mysterious hall in the centre of Moscow. We all were smiling and laughing like small children.

The revival of old traditions is very important - it makes you feel the spirit of different epochs, understand it and like it! If you want to realize how does it look like, I’d advise you to watch the film adaptation of Jane Austen books (“Pride and Prejudice” or something else). I hope you will enjoy it, and one day I’ll see you in a ballroom! missLINGVA/November, 2014

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When you can live forever, what do you live for?”...And, so the lion fell in love with the lamb! Passion for «Twilight»

by Burmistrova Yana Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, and the subsequent efforts of Cullen and his family to keep Swan safe from a coven of evil vampires “Twilight” covers the problems of young people, relations, love, and attitude to each other; some critics say that it is a romance and fantasy for young generation, who wish to enjoy the ideal love story. Nevertheless, this is all done in a fantastic way with the performance of the characters. Robert Pattinson is brilliant in his role and adorable in his emotions he represents in the film.

Seventeen year old, Isabella “Bella” Swan (Kristen Stewart) just moved to the small town of Fork to live with his father, Charlie. She has always been different among the girls in Fork High School.

She didn’t expect anything so much to change when she met the beautiful, dashing and mysterious Edward Cullen (Robert Pattinson).

There, it all blooms an unexpected romance between two people from two different world. A revelation of Edward’s true identity as a 108 year old vampire and his family.

Pretty much a Romeo and Juliet story of forbidden love --between vampire and mortal.

All the things you need to know... (from the official site)

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1. Kristen Stewart has naturally green eyes. She wears brown contacts for filming because Bella is supposed to have brown eyes.

2. Over 5,000 actors auditioned for the role of Edward.

3. The script was finished in 6 weeks.

4. Robert Pattinson stated in an interview that this is his first American role and he had no formal training to perfect his American accent.

5. Kristen Stewart turned eighteen while filming the movie and was rewarded with a birthday cake - and a full night of shooting.

6. The actors who played vampires needed to be pale, so it was written into their contracts that they had to stay out of the sun.

7. Stephenie Meyer will make a cameo in the Twilight movie. She has no lines but can be seen in a scene when Bella and Charlie go out to dinner in Forks.

Why is Twilight Called Twilight?

Because, as it says in the last chapter of the book, outside at the prom, Twilight is the safest time for the vampires, the easiest. They can go outside and not stand out, but it is not endless night, a time that they get very bored of. --that and: All the Twilight book titles are about Bella’s life. Twilight- Bella is leaving her old life (the day) and starting to join a new life with the Cullen’s. but this is the begining, Not yet night. Оnly sunset. New Moon- After twilight, Night takes place. Edward is Bella’s moon, and he leaves, in his place is Jacob (her new moon.) Eclipse- Edward (the original light in the dark) comes back and insists that she not see her new moon. Thus a lunar eclipse Breaking Dawn- The morning is here and the night (and the story) is over. Bella has fully joined a new life (the new day) with the Cullen’s as a vampire, like them. It was very interesting to interview some people ! Here are the results.

144 people have voted in this poll.

Which Twilight character is your favorite?

• 53% Edward Cullen • 8% Bella Swan • 9% Jacob Black • 3% Dr. Carlisle Cullen • 0% Esme Cullen • 18% Alice Cullen • 3% Jasper Hale • 1% Rosalie Hale • 2% Emmett Cullen • 1% James • 0% Victoria • 0% Laurent • 0% Charlie Swan • 0% Jessica Stanley • 0% Mike Newton • 0% Angela Weber • 0% Eric Yorkie

And here are some impressions of the movie.

Lusy. These movie touches my heart. I didn’t see any movie like these.

Maria. I love this movie very very much. I looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooove this movie.

Erika . Hi guys, this is Erika speaking. So,message me back :) What I liked about Stephenie Meyer’s first novel “Twilight” is that is shows lessons to learn instead of fiction and romance. I learned how to know about staying away from home and not knowing hostage wasn’t a particular way to listen to.

Isabella Swan showed what she was capable of. She did everything for her mother and for her safety. Even though Edward was a vampire, she still believed that their is love in each other’s places. And forever is a good way to go.

Steph. I love the movie,the novel..intriging,the words,the nature,I love everything abit twillight,I followed it to the last new face.. it is my all best time movie ever and my great great great great grand kids must see this movie and watch it :) and I wish to read stephanie mayner new novel Midnight sun Juli. When I seen Rob on the twilight soundtrack, i listened to his songs and i thought “Na. it can’t be” sure enough it was.

Pam. omg omg i love edward!!!!and twiligth of course and the whoel family....iv re read all the books 3 time and im on my fourth now ..i just cant stop reading tho i wish there was another book after breaking dawn ..and that i was bella and i was living her fairytale with edward and renesmee and the whole family being a vampire!!!

Esperanza. esta muy buena la movie missLINGVA/November, 2014

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Celebración de

By Oscar Rivas

E

l Perú es uno de los países de Latinoamérica que tiene muchas tradiciones propias y otras adquiridas de otros países. El 31 de octubre en el Perú se celebran dos fiestas importantes: Halloween y el Día de la Canción Criolla. Ya sea con una celebración u otra, todo el país busca divertirse y pasar un buen momento junto a su familia y amigos.

Para los que les gustan las fiestas adoptadas de otros países Halloween es el momento ideal para poder divertirse. Los niños salen a las calles disfrazados de brujas, vampiros, monstruos o de cualquier disfraz que pueda ser relacionado a esta fecha. Con una calabaza de plástico en mano salen a las calles a pedir dulces. En algunos barrios organizan una pequeña fiesta y hasta hacen concursos de disfraces.

Aún recuerdo estos momentos de mi infancia en las que nos divertíamos preparando los disfraces y durante aquella noche gritando y corriendo por las calles en busca de dulces.Los jóvenes también aprovechan esta fecha para poder salir con los amigos, las discotecas, cafeterías y otros lugares de diversión juvenil organizan fiestas de disfraces ambientadas con telarañas, calaveras y globos negros, ofrecen los mejores shows donde la música, el alcohol y la buena compañía son el motor de la noche.

Me acuerdo que una vez gané un concurso por llevar el mejor disfraz.

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Halloween en el Perú E

nglish accent to the masses and further entrenched its position, The 20th Century was, among other things, a century of world wars, technological transformation, and ero esta eshas la única celebración globalization, and no each provided a source en este día.

En todo el Perú se celebra tamof new additions to the lexicon. For example, biénblockbuster, el Día de la Canción Criolla.

Es un words like nose-dive, shelldía para recordar el arte musical heredado shocked, camouflage, radar, barrage, boon- de las distintas razassnafu, que llegaron el Perú. docks, roadblock, spearhead, etc,Música are que llegó a ser considerada Patrimonio munall military terms which have made their way dial de la humanidad por lathe ONU. En Wars. muchos into standard English during World restaurantes, bares y teatros se presentan The explosion in electronic and computer termuchosincantantes éste minology the latterde part of género the 20thmusical, CenturyLos criollos evocan en esta fecha los recuerdos (e.g. byte, cyberspace, software, hacker, lap- de Lima costumbrista, la nostalgia top,una hard-drive, database, online, hi-tech,demi-una buena canción al ritmo de una guitarra y un crochip, etc) was just one element driving that cajón y resulted una comida Hay muchos cantrend, and fromcriolla. the dominance of the tantes de música criolla que con sus cancioUSA in the development of computer technes han marcado elare corazón los peruanos nology . Neologisms being de added all the como Chabuca Granda, el Zambo time, including recent inclusions suchCavero, as fash-Eva Ayllón, por eso metrosexual, este día es tanMcJob, importante y en ionista, frenemy, wussy, muchos casos mucho más que la celebración bling-bling, (дорогие, броские ювелирные de Halloween por ser una celebración украшения , pear-shaped, unplugged, hy- de carácter pagano.

Con el pasar del tiempo perspace, truthiness, confuzzle, locavore, bro-me doy cuenta que en el fondo cualquiera mance, sexting,dechillax, regift, meme [miːm] de estas dos tradiciones puede ser buena excusa поведенческий или культурный стереотип, para pasar un momento en familia earworm, cyberpunk, meh, agradable diss, грубое или o con los amigos.

Lo importante no es оскорбительное замечание suss, emo, qué gay-ceconmany quién.facts about the develdar,lebres Now sino I know oping of the English language. English has without a doubt become the global language.

In my practical part I am researching some things 1. The Germanic Family of Languages 2. A brief chronology of English 3. A sample prose text, the beginning of The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan. 4. Evolution of English pronouns. As this theme is very interesting for me I will continue to research it. Литература: 1.

Baugh, Albert and Cable, Thomas.

2002. The History of the English Language.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 2. Crystal, David. 2004. The Stories of English.

London: Penguin

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missLINGVA/October, 2014 13

«There is no dark side of the Moon really, matter of fact its all dark»

By Pivovarova Anna

The moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. About 3000 years ago, the Babylonians were the first human civilization to keep a consistent record of lunar observations. Ancient Greek astronomers were the first to introduce and analyze mathematical models of the motion of objects in the sky. Ptolemy described lunar motion by using a well-defined geometric model of epicycles and evection.

Nowadays scientific research of the moon is gaining currency. The new facts are appearing . I have been keeping under observation the Moon for a year. And the aim of my research is to describe a Lunar surface, to give some Physical characteristics, to tell about Waxing and Waning, Lunar Eclipses and Exploring the Moon. And the main questions of my work is Why does the moon appear bigger near the horizon?

The side of the Moon that faces Earth is called the near side, and the opposite side the far side. The far side is often inaccurately called the “dark side,” The far side of the Moon was first photographed by the Soviet probe Luna 3 in 1959.

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The dark and relatively featureless lunar plains which can clearly be seen with the naked eye are called maria (singular mare), Maria are found almost exclusively on the near side of the Moon, In contrast to the Earth, no major lunar mountains are believed to have formed as a result of tectonic events The surface of Earth’s Moon is marked by impact craters which form when asteroids and comets collide with the lunar surface.

The largest crater on the Moon, which also has the distinction of being one of the largest known craters in the Solar System, is the South Pole-Aitken basin.

The continuous bombardment of the Moon by comets and meteoroids has most likely added small amounts of water to the lunar surface. The gravitational field of the Moon has been determined through tracking of radio signals emitted by orbiting spacecraft. The major characteristic of the Moon’s gravitational field is the presence of mascons, which are large positive gravitational anomalies associated with some of the giant impact basins.

The Moon has an external magnetic field of the order of one to a hundred nanotesla—less than one hundredth that of the Earth, which is 30–60 microtesla.

During the lunar day, the surface temperature averages 107 °C, and during the lunar night, it averages −153 °C. Lunar phases are the result of looking at the illuminated half of the Moon from different viewing geometries; they are not caused by shadows of the Earth on the Moon that occur during a lunar eclipse.

The Moon exhibits different phases as the relative geometry of the Sun, Earth and Moon change, appearing as a full moon when the Sun and Moon are on opposite sides of the Earth, and as a new moon. Eclipses can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are all in a straight line. Solar eclipses occur near a new Moon, when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth. A phenomenon related to eclipse is occultation. When a bright star or planet passes behind the Moon it is occulted or hidden from view. A solar eclipse is an occultation of the Sun.

Because the Moon is close to Earth, occultations of individual stars are not visible everywhere, nor at the same time.

The first leap in lunar observation was prompted by the invention of the telescope.

Galileo Galilei made good use of this new instrument and observed mountains and craters on the Moon’s surface. The Cold War-inspired space race between the Soviet Union and the U.S. led to an acceleration of interest in the Moon. The first spacecraft to perform a successful lunar soft landing was Luna 9 and the first unmanned vehicle to orbit the Moon was Luna 10, both in 1966.

The landing of the first humans on the Moon in 1969 is seen by many as the culmination of the space race. Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon as the commander of the American mission Apollo 11 by first setting foot on the Moon at 02:56 UTC on July 21, 1969. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, there were 65 instances of artificial objects reaching the Moon.

For the past few nights the moon has appeared larger than many people have seen it for almost 20 years. It is the world’s largest optical illusion, and one of its most enduring mysteries.

It can put a man in space, land a probe on Mars, but Nasa can’t explain why the moon appears bigger when it’s on the horizon than when it’s high in the night sky. The mystery of the Moon Illusion, witnessed by millions of people this week, has puzzled great thinkers for centuries. There have even been books devoted to the matter. Not since June 1987 has the moon been this low in the sky, accentuating the illusion even further. Two main theories dominate.

The first, known as the Ponzo Illusion named after Mario Ponzo who demonstrated it in 1913 – suggests that the mind judges the size of an object based on its background. Alternatively, there’s the theory that the brain perceives the sky as a flattened dome rather than the true hemisphere it really is. The theory runs that we believe things immediately overhead, flying birds for example, are closer than birds on the horizon.

When the moon is on the horizon, the brain therefore miscalculates its true size and distance. Then there are those who scoff that this is an illusion at all.

They, at least, can be proved wrong.

Hold a coin up to a low-lying moon to and compare differences in size. Any difference will remain exactly the same, as one traces the trajectory of the moon through the night. Indeed, it’s said that by viewing a low moon though a rolled up piece of paper, to block out the surroundings, the illusion immediately vanishes. But experts have yet to agree on either or, indeed, any explanation. For the moment at least, the real reason for the Moon Illusion remains up in the air.

Sometimes you can’t believe your eyes.

This week is one of those times. Step outside any evening at sunset and look around. You’ll see a giant moon rising in the east. It looks like Earth’s moon, round and cratered; the Man in the Moon is in his usual place. But something’s wrong.

This full moon is strangely inflated. It’s huge! You’ve just experienced the Moon Illusion. Sky watchers have known this for thousands of years: moons hanging low in the sky look unnaturally big. Cameras don’t see it, but our eyes do. It’s a real illusion. Some researchers believe that the Moon Illusion is Ponzo’s Illusion, with trees and houses playing the role of Ponzo’s converging lines. Foreground objects trick your brain into thinking the moon is bigger than it really is. But there’s a problem. Airline pilots flying at very high altitudes sometimes experience the Moon Illusion without any objects in the foreground. What tricks their eyes? The Moon has been the subject of many works of art and literature and the

inspiration for countless others. Let’s summarize: At new moon, the moon is nearly in line with the sun. A few days after new moon, the waxing crescent moon appears above the western horizon soon after sunset. About a week after new moon, the moon reaches first quarter and appears high in the southern sky at sunset. In the days following first quarter, the waxing gibbous moon continues to grow. It appears to move further east, and it sets later in the evening. About two weeks after the new moon, the full moon arrives, rising in the east and setting in the west. The waning phases of the moon are not as visible because the moon is not visible in the early evening when most people are out and about. The lunar cycle (moon phases) repeats with a period of 29.5 days. This is called a synodic period. And I am asking my question with great pleasure- Is the Moon larger when near the horizon? No -- as shown above, the Moon appears to be very nearly the same size no matter its location on the sky. Oddly, the cause or causes for the common Moon Illusion are still being debated. Two leading explanations both hinge on the illusion that foreground objects make a horizon Moon seem farther in the distance. The historically most popular explanation then holds that the mind interprets more distant objects as wider, while a more recent explanation adds that the distance illusion may actually make the eye focus differently. I am very glad to be one of the persons who likes the Moon and every day discover some new facts about it step by step.

missLINGVA/November, 2014

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«Ahh

Russia!»

By Lord Douglass, Seaford, Delaware, The USA

A

hh Russia... What can be said for this glorious nation of people who rule from the far frozen northlands of Siberia to the southerly reaches of Western Europe? Quite a lot! As a foreigner who’s traveled the world teaching English, I’ve had the opportunity to experience many corners of the world and the variety of peoples who inhabit them. Russians, I can say from personal experience, are by far the most helpful people I’ve ever met. For the first few weeks of living here I had a small map in my pocket and a roughly translated name of the places I was trying to go, I always traveled by marshootka because I knew that there would always be somebody to help me get to where I wanted to go. Even as I type this I can still recall my murderous pronunciation of words like “Moldovogorgaiziv” and the complete strangers who would spontaneously work as a team to decipher my map and tell the driver where to stop. It was strange to me how these people who never smile could open play charades with a foreigner to express the fact that they also were going to get out at my stop and that I should walk with them. One man was even so... willing to help.... that after several failed attempts at speaking English, he called his girlfriend and handed me the phone so that she could ask me “Are

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you alright? ******* told me to ask you if you were ok?”. After a short conversation with the woman I handed the phone back to the man and all was understood. I wasn’t actually having any problems at that point, I suppose I just looked a bit out of place. Never before in ANY country I have visited, have I met with such unabashed kindness toward a person whom the media is presuming to be an enemy. One day, not long ago, I was on my way to work and I met several police officers in the back of the marshootka who were so excited by the fact that I was an American that they invited me out for a beer after work. Even after politely declining their offer they still insisted I join them, but in the end we shook hands and took photos as if I were some kind of celebrity then parted ways.

More importantly, I suppose, is the fact that I am granted a more personal view than any other foreigner into the lives of the Russian people and can still say that they are the model of hard work. I teach children. Children, as anyone who has worked with them knows, are the most unabashed unfiltered and untainted sources of information the world has to offer about itself. In my lessons the normal questions are asked and answered without fail such as “Who’s your favorite super hero?

Batman. What’s the dog say? Guff-guff.” etc etc but the

questions which most parents dread are the ones about themselves because they don’t know what their children will say.

These children, as raunchy as they may be, have no hesitation in telling me that one or both parent works 10 hours a day doing every variety of work from the highly paid government positions to the highly respectable manual labor divisions.

No truth will ever come so easily as that from a child, and no people will ever be spoken of more highly than good parents.

Granted, the question “What does your dad do? Watch television” will never cease to humor me. Outside of the city resides a more simple life. Apart from the hustle and bustle of cars street lights and dance music is the music of the trees and the warm crackle of a woodstove calling your name after a hard day’s work. This is the part of Russia which I have the most appreciation for. It’s people are simple, their food is good and the life is one full and rewarding. If I could follow the goat I met in the airport home and shepherd it’s family for the same pay I’m receiving now, I would. But for the time being I think I’ll be quite content with the people and the family oriented culture of Russia amidst the city of Chelyabinsk.

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ghost – приведение, призрак monster – чудовище, монстр, уродец spider – паук witch – ведьма werewolf – оборотень, bat – летучая мышь

mummy – мумия evil – злой, вредный, отвратительный haunted – посещаемый приведениями magic – магический, волшебный, terrible – страшный, жуткий fear – страх, боязнь to terrify – вселять ужас, запугивать moonlight - лунный свет superstition – суеверие, предрассудок

HALLOWEEN to scream – пронзительно кричать

make-believe – выдумка, фантазия

VOCABULARY

to prank – наряжать в яркие цвета howl – завывание, рёв costume – костюм bones – кости vampire - вампир ogre – огр, страшный человек demon – злой дух-искуситель, бес

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«TERRIBLY TASTY» By Mukhametshina Irina and Mukhametshina Helen

Put it of cups and bake 1520 minutes at 180 degrees.

While the muffins in the oven, prepare the glaze: half a cup of water and half a cup of sugar boil, stirring, over low heat.

Every holiday includes delicious meal. Halloween is not exception.

I can offer a recipe called «Scary delicious».

Cookies, muffins, cake-pop favourite sweets can be original on Halloween. It’s the perfect occasion to experiment!

Recipe: Mix 200 gr of butter, 200 gr of sugar, a bag of vanilla sugar and a pinch of salt. Add 3 eggs. In a bowl mix 150 gr flour, and 1 packet of baking powder. Mix well all together.

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Then a strong water is evaporated to a thick syrup. Beat one egg, pour the syrup and continue beating.

Ready muffins fields white icing and chocolate drops draw the eye.

Devilish appetite!!!