(RE) Connect (MArch) by Emergent Technologies and Design [EmTech] Selected Dissertations Repository

(RIVER ECOLOGY ) URBAN CONNECTION MArch Emergent Technologies and Design Ivan Ucros Polley Mohammad

Nicolás

Giorgi

(RE) CONNECT

Suleiman

Villegas

ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION | SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE | GRADUATE SCHOOL PROGRAMMES

PROGRAMME: Emergent Technologies and Design

TERM: 2010-2011

STUDENT NAME: Ivan Ucros Polley, Mohammad Nabil Suleiman, Nicolás Villegas Giorgi

THESIS TITLE: (RE) CONNECT (River Ecology) Urban Connection

SUBMISSION DATE: 03-Feb-2012

DECLARATION:

“I certify that this piece of work is entirely our own and that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of others is duly acknowledged.”

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT:

To who ever might find it interesting.

Contents Abstract Domain Methods Research Development Design Development Design Proposal Future Development Bibliography Appendicess 01 02 26 66 74 130 158 164 166

viii (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

The exploitation of the Tunjuelo River quarries in southern Bogotá, Colombia, has created a new geomorphology. More than 50 years of mining resulted in an inverted pyramid of gravel and clay around the natural watershed. As the mining moves away from the river, the exploitation goes deeper than the level of the riverbed leaving the area prone to flooding and mudslides. Consequently, existing soil instability and the hazardous environment created by this activity fails to support urban structures. The concept of this project is to generate an urban system of contingent infrastructures that would permit the revival of this former mining area and allow its urbanisation over time.

To address this, we propose three stages: first, we will study the fluid dynamics of the Tunjuelo River, the behaviour of its watershed, and the consequences of strip mining processes in order to evaluate the physical risks of the area. The information obtained by modelling and

analysis software, will provide the geometrical guidelines and limits of the intervention. The second stage will consist of a brief study of available materials and local building techniques in order to produce a specific urban morphology that responds to the ecological and cultural situation of the site. For this stage, we will develop a computational model that would allow sufficient variation and control of the proposed urban tissue. The results of these series of experiments will produce sufficient information to conduct the third stage of this exploration: Evaluation and re-formulation. The result of these stages will provide a long-term urban strategy adaptive and responsive to the fast growing context of the city of Bogotá.

Post-mining landscapes offer the unique opportunity of reshaping the territory. Examples from France, USA, Germany and other regions of the world show the possibilities of the regeneration of ecological structures

in derelict lands such as the Tunjuelo River quarry (PostMining Landscapes, IBA Furst-Puckler-Land). As Bogotá grows, the need of viable land becomes more pressing and the search for it more challenging. These types of sites will eventually be urbanised even if no contingency actions are taken to mitigate the risks of the area. The use of specialised software to model the different stages of the intervention will provide the necessary tools for evaluation to ensure safe and ecologically balanced conditions for urbanisation. Our system will introduce new urban qualities providing the necessary water control and improving the site conditions as well as the surrounding urban context.

Key Words:

Post-mining, Urban System, Contingent Infrastructure, Urbanisation, Ecology, Bogotá.

Abstract

Contour lines of the intervention site. Lines every five meters.

Image 1.0

Domain Introduction: The City; The River; The Quarry The City The Quarry The River Conflict Aims Precedents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.0

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The need for suitable urban tissue is evident as the quarry is surrounded by the city. The proximity of the mining activity and the water channel is one of the root problems of the site and the main contributor to the destabilization of the surrounding terrain.

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005

04 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.1

1.1. The City; The River; The Quarry

(Re) Connect aims to provide an adaptive, urban strategy, which responds to ecological and morphological conditions of a post-mining site within a fast growing urban context.

The proposal deals with an open quarry located south of the city of Bogotá, Colombia. This particular set of quarries are set inside the watershed of the Tunjuelo River and are known as the Tunjuelo River quarries. The mining activity in these areas has modified the morphology and natural processes of the river resulting in an unpredictable water channel in need of stabilisation.

Due to the geological composition of the watershed, the area has been an important source of construction materials for the city for more than fifty years. However as the city expands, and the need for urban tissue is more pressing, consolidated the city now surrounds the former rural areas of the watershed adding to the conflict.

The site is influenced by three very different and particular dynamics: the city, the river and the quarry. This proposal focuses in the interaction of these dynamics in order to address the urban and ecological conditions of the site as an interdependent system capable of adapting and responding to specific situations following an overall logic. This proposal aims to stabilize the topography, restore the watershed and populate the site in an enduring yet dynamic arrangement.

In order to correctly explain the conflict generated by the interaction of these three dynamics, the document starts by explaining the main features of the city, the river and the quarry, relating them to relevant references both local and around the world.

The second chapter is an overview of the most relevant tools used in the design process and explains how these adapt to the particular situation that they try to solve.

The Research Development chapter outlines the general strategy followed in the proposal and explains how the information produced by each design influences the process. The section also introduces the evaluation parameters utilized to analyse the results.

The forth chapter, Design Development, explains the application of the tools to specific situations of the site and how they influence every decision taken during the design process.

The Design Proposal presents the results in the form of an urban strategy for the Tunjuelo River quarries. The section relates the proposal to the evaluation criteria and outlines its performance.

The Future Development critically considers how alterations on the resulting system affect the general outcome.

1.1 Domain // The City; The River; The Quarry

Colombia is located at the north tip of South America. Because of its proximity to the Equador Latitud temperatures stay relatively stable throughout the year. Colombia is a tropical country susceptible to phenomena such as “El Niño rain phenomena.

1.2. The City

Panoramic view of the city.

Bogotá rest on the foot of a mountain chain that serves as natural limit to the city. In general the city has a 3% slope east to west. This helps drain rainwater to the city’s largest river, The Bogotá River.

Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, is located 2.600 meters above sea level, on the central mountain chain that crosses the country. It expands over 1,587 km2, and has an urban area of 307 KM2. The city is set in what was originally a lake, evidence of this are the series of wetlands that cover some unpopulated areas of the city like the Tunjuelo Watershed.

Bogotá is today the centre of an emergent economy that has been growing at a sustained rate of more than 5% for the passed 5 years. Today the city is home of 9’600,000 people and it is expected that by 2020 the population of the city would be more than 15 million people, that is about 119 million square meters of new or re-densified urban area in less than 8 years. (DANE)

Because of its height, Bogotá has a mountain-tempered climate that remains relatively stable during the entire year. The city has an average temperature of 15°C with daily variations that go from 5°C in the early morning to 22°C in the first hours of the afternoon. Bogotá is a tropical yet cold city with an average of 207 rainy days a year and an annual precipitation of 980 mm.

06 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.2 1.3

Even though the overall climate of the city is relatively stable throughout the year, there is a significant increase of rain days during April and September, when the precipitation levels can go up to 1500mm. (IDEAM) (Tables available at http://institucional.ideam.gov.co/jsp/ index.jsf)

One of the main problems that the city faces today is the

lack of urban planning tools that correctly respond to the scale of the city and its specific problems. Today most urbanization plans end up expanding over the limits of the city into agricultural terrain with out densifying or restoring existing urban tissue. On the other hand informal urbanization processes grow with out any regulation or even safety guidelines resulting in poor

urban spaces in the best of cases, or settlements in unfit and very dangerous areas. The lack of effective urban strategies results in an impossibility to prevent social segregation because badly developed areas are inhabited by the poorest sector of the population. This dynamic is evident in the areas that surround the Tunjuelo Quarries with the added ecological imbalance that the presence of

07 Domain // The City 1.2

Bogotá is located in the geographical centre of the country and is one of the most populated cities in Latin America.

1.4

1.5

Satellite image of Bogotá taken with ASTER instrumentation by Nasa. The image makes a differentiation between hard and soft surfaces and shows the relative density of the urban tissue. ASTER provides information for surface mapping and monitoring of dynamic conditions and temporal change.

Source: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA13852 NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team

08 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image

Hard Srf Soft Srf 1.5

the quarry brings to the area.

Other pressing issue of the city is the discontinuity of its infrastructure network. Because of underplaning and due to various social and economical dynamics, the city has grown faster that what its infrastructure system is capable of handling. Some areas of the city have then become inaccessible and virtually impossible to reconnect. These

practices even lead to informal settlements expanding with out any basic utilities resulting in critical sanitary conditions and very fragile urban tissues.

Inspite of the efforts of the local government, illegal promoters encourage and sell settlements before the city is ready to incorporate them into its infrastructure network. By this logic the Tunjuelo River quarries will

eventually be populated however there is no guaranty that the process will benefit the city of its community.

Bogotá, like most Latin American cities is expanding rapidly and the need for development strategies that would adapt to its particular conditions is more pressing now than ever.

To provide for a distributed network of services, the spread and placement of these seeds will be based on their scales and areas of influence. Produce 4 circle packing maps – one for each category as each would vary in scale. Each sub category has a certain size and scale of influence. There are 3 different scales (large, medium, small) to be placed according to the slope analysis.

North of the city is where some of the wealthiest neighbourhoods are located. Apartment blocks and relatively wellconnected infrastructures characterize the urban tissue of these areas. Source: Bogotá desde el Aire, Villegas Editores 1998

1.2

Domain // The City 1.6 1.7 1.8

1.3. The Quarry

The Tunjuelo watershed, southwest of the city, comprehends more than 670 hectares of rough and mainly dry terrain. Due to its geological composition of unconsolidated sandstone of gross grain and red clays, the area has been used for both legal and illegal extraction of minerals for more than 50 years. CARO et al., (1996)

The quarries that expand on both sides of the riverbed on the south edge of the city are known as the Tunjuelo River Quarries and are the main intervention area of this proposal. These quarries served as source of construction materials for the city until recently, today, however, the quarry is an obstacle for the city’s development, and a major ecological problem. As a result of this mining

activity, the Tunjuelo River, the largest river within the city, suffered a vast destruction of its watershed as it crosses the quarries. The subsequent erosion has left the soil prone to mudslides in the rainy months endangering the surrounding urban areas and inhibiting the city from reclaiming this post-mining site.

10 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.9 Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí.

1.9

Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005

System layers-Series of layers breaking down the existing urban/geomorphological characteristics of the site, and its surroundings, to the basic elements – this will help in creating a “map of values” that will help classify the various conditions on site. Subdividing the site in various zones – existing, contingent land use, reactive components. The overall systemic map provides for the

general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

existing public infrastructure, their scale, type and area of influence), space syntax. Topographical patches The slope analysis of various gradients. Divided into 3.Land use- zoning the existing Urban / Park subdivisions: area for city growth / protected area for landscaping and stabilizing the watershed

Network notes: optimised connection of all the seeding points (minimum spanning trees or tree of trees), provides the 2nd level of the network to be overlaid with the first level, topographically sensitive network Component notes: each seed is placed as a component – connectivity,

11 Domain // The Quarry

1.3 1.10

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale of influence that the surrounding various areas have on each other: proximity to – water/park/urban. Connectorglobal scale (Primary “highways” that are imposed on the site, from the city space syntax – it operates on a city scale. Constitutes the primary level of the proposed networks

(main roads)

The connections identify the flat areas from the topographical patches (avoiding flood plains) and linking the identified connection points from each of the surrounding urban areas through the shortest bridging segment crossing the park areas. Seeding public

programs- regional scale (Small, medium, large)- Civic/ social/public spaces and components that have certain scales of influence and capacity for certain densities. Placement and distribution will be based on their scales circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to

12 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.11 Image 1.12 Image 1.13

1.11 1.12 1.13

function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design

various elements of the site

identified in the existing public infrastructure. 3 different sizes/scales (L, M, S) going to be placed according to the slope gradients on site – L >> Flat, M >> slope, S >> steep

To provide for a distributed network of services, the spread and placement of these seeds will be based on

their scales and areas of influence. Produce 4 circle packing maps – one for each category as each would vary in scale. Each sub category has a certain size and scale of influence. There are 3 different scales (large, medium, small) to be placed according to the slope analysis.

Network notes: optimised connection of all the seeding

adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current

1.3

Domain // The Quarry 1.14 1.15 1.16

1.4. The River

The Tunjuelo River is a semi torrential river with a fluctuating flow that goes from 3 M3/sec in dry moths to 90m3/sec during the rain seasons.

14 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.17 Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005 1.16

points (minimum spanning trees or tree of trees), provides the 2nd level of the network to be overlaid with the first level, topographically sensitive network

Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components

System layers-Series of layers breaking down the existing

urban/geomorphological characteristics of the site, and its surroundings, to the basic elements – this will help in creating a “map of values” that will help classify the various conditions on site. Subdividing the site in various zones – existing, contingent land use, reactive components. The overall systemic map provides for the general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors

15 1.4 Domain // The River

Image 1.17

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005 the quarry is surrounded by the city. The proximity of the mining activity and the water channel is one of the root problems of the site and the main contributor to the destabilization of the surrounding terrain.

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005

16 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.17

scales (large, medium, small) to be placed according to the slope analysis. Network notes: optimised connection of all the seeding points (minimum spanning trees or tree of trees), provides the 2nd level of the network to be overlaid with the first level, topographically sensitive network

operate and their hierarchies.

slope analysis of various gradients. Divided into 3.Land use- zoning the existing Urban / Park subdivisions: area for city growth / protected area for landscaping and stabilizing the watershed

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale of influence that the surrounding various areas have on

largest river within the The quarries that expand on both sides of the riverbed on thof the origides

geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

17 1.4 Domain // The River

1.18 1.19 1.20

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005 1.22

18 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.21

1.21

Image 1.22

1.5. Conflict

As the city expands, more and more people move into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there

has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terrains to the city, the infrastructure that serves these areas is fragmented and in serious conflict.

mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads and houses get dragged into the quarry along with the mudslides, destroying all infrastructure lines and blocking entire sectors of the city.

The article starts as a description of the German regulation regarding mining and mining closure. However, it quickly moves Redevelopment strategies pointing out the dichotomy between nature conservation and rehabilitation of mining areas as available land for new uses.

19 1.5 Domain // Conflict

1.23 1.24 1.25

Image 1.25 Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

HIGH RISK URBAN AREAS

MUDSLIDES

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

QUARRY COLAPSE

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the ththophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the ththophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

20 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.26

RIVER OVERFLOW

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the thrrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the thrrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the thrrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the thrrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

FLOODING QUARRY

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

INTERRUPTED NETWORK

21 1.5 Domain // Conflict

Existing Layer Relation

Proposed Layer Relation

22 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Urban Networks Landscape Urban Networks Landscape River River

Image 1.27

1.27

Source: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazí. Flight 05 images 237, 238, 227, 228, Bogotá, 2005

1.6. Aims

slope analysis of various gradients. Divided into 3.Land use- zoning the existing Urban / Park subdivisions: area for city growth / protected area for landscaping and stabilizing the watershed

The connections identify the flat areas from the topographical patches (avoiding flood plains) and

Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points

The Future Development critically considers how alterations on the resulting system affect the general outcome.

1.6 Domain // Aims

rounding

Orthophotograph

1.7. Precedents

general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

24 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.28 Weiss/Manfredi’s proposal for Toronto’s Lower Don Lands Wins the American Architecture Award. areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The Image 1.29 Diller Scofidio + Renfro did not win the Taekwondo Park competition. of the site and its surrounding areas the conflict between the thren the area. The Image 1.30

1.28 1.29 1.30

Eriksson Architects, Mentougou Eco Valley Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

(main roads)

Due to nd channelized. As a resultnd channelized. As a resultnd channelized. As a resultnd channelized. As a resultnd channelized. As a resultnd channelized. As a result.

25 1.7 Domain // Precedents

Image 1.31 FACA, La Union. ARQ. Quilian Riano Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The Image 1.33 Milanofiori Housing Complex / OBR Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The Image 1.32

1.31 1.33 1.32

Ciudadela el Recreo, ARQ. Konrrad Brunner Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

Image 2.0

Gradient Desent Algorothm

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

in Urban Planning Fluid Dynamics in Torrential Rivers Vector Mapping Applied to Water Flow Water Level Analysis

Methods

2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.0

Algorithms

Morphological Analysis Slope Analysis Surface Point Analysis Other Relevant Tools Cities and Networks Space Syntax Topological Algorithms City Analysis Range Finder Relationships

Desent Algorothm Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

28 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 2.0 Gradient

2.1. Algorithms in Urban Planning

The Tunjuelo River is a semi torrential river with a fluctuating flow that goes from 3 M3/sec in dry moths to 90m3/sec during the rain seasons.

its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. Furthermore this flooding its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated

areas to north of the quarries. Furthermore this flooding its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. Furthermore this flooding its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. Furthermore this flooding its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. Furthermore this flooding

Cristofer Alexander y otros articulos resumen de los abstracts,

2.1 Methods // Algorithms in Urban Planning

http://www.ecs.umass.edu/mie/tcfd/Programs/pict2.JPG

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the three dynamics present on the area. The

30 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30

2.2. Fluid Dynamics in Torrential Rivers

As the city expands, more and more people move into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terrains to the city, the infrastructure that serves these areas is fragmented and in serious conflict.

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain

the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads and houses get dragged into the quarry along with the mudslides, destroying all infrastructure lines and blocking entire sectors of the city.

ding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads and houses get dragged into the quarry along with the mudslides, destroying all infrastructure lines and blocking entire sectors of the city.

ding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads

and houses get dragged into the quarry along with the mudslides, destroying all infrastructure lines and blocking entire sectors of the city.

31 2.2 Methods // Fluid Dynamics in Torrential Rivers

Video escrito y resumido sirve como fuente.

1.30

HOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the

1.30

ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

32 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection INPUT POINT OUTPUT POINT SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) INPUT POINT SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) INPUT POINT SURFACE VECTORINPUT POINT DRAIN VECTOR (UNITIZED) SURFACE VECTOR OR CTOR” 90 DEGREES SURFACE VECTOR” INPUT POINT DRAIN VECTOR (MULTIPLIED BY DISTANCE FACTOR) SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) SURFACE VECTOR OR SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com RIGHT-HAND RULE WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORGINPUT POINT DRAIN VECTOR (UNITIZED) SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) ROTATE “CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR” 90 DEGREES AROUND “SURFACE VECTOR” INPUT POINT DRAIN VECTOR (MULTIPLIED BY DISTANCE FACTOR) SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) INPUT POINT OUTPUT POINT SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) INPUT POINT OUTPUT POINTINPUT POINT OUTPUT POINT (PROJECTED ONTO THE SURFACE, BY CLOSEST POINT ON THE SURFACE) SURFACE VECTOR Z VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR (UNITIZED) INPUT POINT OUTPUT POINT

DESIGN

GRASS

site

its

areas in

COMPONENT

Image

COMPONENT ORIENTED

and

surrounding

their current condition. Image

1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

2.2.1. Vector Mapping Applied to Water Flow

As the city expands, more and more people move into the

neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terrains to the city, the infrastructure that serves these areas is fragmented and in serious conflict.

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The

terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

Image 1.30 COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. 2.2.1 Methods // Fluid Dynamics in Torrential Rivers

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

34 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

2.2.2. Water Level Analysis

operate and their hierarchies.

Existing urban tissues - existing Surrounding city fabric broken down and analysed as: connection points, densities (open: built, green percentage, soft: hard, public: private), social/public infrastructures (identify the existing public infrastructure, their scale, type and area of influence), space syntax. Topographical patches The slope analysis of various gradients. Divided into 3.LandC Component

notes: each seed is placed as a component – connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded –and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.2.2 Methods // Fluid Dynamics in Torrential Rivers

36 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30 Imagen sobre W of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Imagen sobre W of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.3. Morphological Analysis

Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

37 2.3 Methods // Morphological Analysis

2.3.1. Slope Analysis

general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

of influence), space syntax. Topographical patches The slope analysis of various gradients. Divided into 3.Land use- zoning the existing Urban / Park subdivisions: area for city growth / protected area for landscaping and stabilizing the watershed

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale

38 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30 COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Saturation 5% Saturation 15%

1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

of influence that the surrounding various areas have on each other: proximity to – water/park/urban. Connectorglobal scale (Primary “highways” that are imposed on the site, from the city space syntax – it operates on a city scale. Constitutes the primary level of the proposed networks (main roads)

The connections identify the flat areas from the

topographical patches (avoiding flood plains) and linking the identified connection points from each of the surrounding urban areas through the shortest bridging segment crossing the park areas. Seeding public programs- regional scale (Small, medium, large)- Civic/ social/public spaces and components that have certain scales of influence and capacity for certain densities.

Placement and distribution will be based on their scales

circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to various elements of the site

Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points and rules between each of the reactors would

1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image Image

2.3.1

Methods // Morphological Analysis

Saturation 75% Saturation 25%

2.3.2. Surface Point Analysis

general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale

40 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30 COMPONENT

ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

create a hierarchy of networks). Seeding public programs: Broken down to 4 main categories – Public/Support/ Commercial/Leisure-Culture, based on grouping identified in the existing public infrastructure. 3 different sizes/scales (L, M, S) going to be placed according to the slope gradients on site – L >> Flat, M >> slope, S >> steep

To provide for a distributed network of services, the spread and placement of these seedpreventing mudslides.

In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries,s. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries

walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides.

ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. 2.3.2 Methods // Morphological Analysis

Image

1.30 COMPONENT

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Path Chooser

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Capacity Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.3.3. Other Relevant Tools

System layers-Series of layers breaking down the existing urban/geomorphological characteristics of the site,

Scales of influenize and scale of influence. There are 3 different scales (large, medium, small) to be placed according to the slope analysis.

Network notes: optimised connection of all the seeding

points (minimum spanning trees or tree of trees), provides the 2nd level of the network to be overlaid with the first level, topographically sensitive network

layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

42 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection 1.28 1.29 1.30

RIVER FLOODING AREAS AT 95M3/SEG FLOOD AREAS RIVER EMBANKMENT MODIFICATION AREAS FLOOD AREAS WEAK EMBANKMENT DRAINAGE AXIS PRIMARY FLOOD AREAS FLOW CONTROL PROTECTED AREA +RIVER ALL POSIBLE DRAINAGE AXIS FLOOD AREAS WEAK EMBANKMENT DRAINAGE AXIS

The connections identify the flat areas from the points and rules between each of the reactors would create a hierarchy of networks). Seeding public programs: Broken down to 4 main categories – Public/Support/ Commercial/Leisure-Culture, based on grouping identified in the existing public in scales (large, medium, small) ton, information embedded – and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent).

By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.

43 1.31 2.3.3 Methods // Morphological Analysis

Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image

Angle Evaluator COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB

http://woojsung.

Set

Mesh COMPONENT

DESIGN

GRASSHOPPER

http://woojsung.

site

its surrounding areas in

RIVER EMBANKMENT MODIFICATION AREAS FLOOD AREAS WEAK EMBANKMENT DRAINAGE AXIS PRIMARY FLOOD AREAS FLOW CONTROL PROTECTED AREA +RIVER RESULTING PROTECTED AREA FOR WATER CONTROL FLOOD AREAS WEAK EMBANKMENT DRAINAGE AXIS PRIMARY FLOOD AREAS FLOW CONTROL PROTECTED AREA + -

Image 1.30

1.30

com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30

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ORIENTED

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com of the

and

their current condition.

Image 1.30

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Image 1.30 MOSCOW

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Image 1.30 NEW

http://fakeisthenewreal.org/subway/

Image 1.30

http://fakeisthenewreal.org/subway/

Image 1.30

http://fakeisthenewreal.org/subway/

44 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

LONDON

1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28

MADRID

YORK

PARIS

TOKYO

2.4 Cities & Networks

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.sufficient vegetation

to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is

also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslide.

Aspectos relevantes de la ciudad y como una ciudad puede ser entendida como una red topologica

45 2.4 Methods // Cities & Networks

1.30

Image

NEW YORK Numbered streets colored by magnitude, e.g. 1st Avenue is dark green, 250th Street is dark red.

46 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Image 1.30 LONDON Axial Map www.spacesintax.com

2.4.1.Space Sintax

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire

sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to

erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

Image 1.30

Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.4.1 Methods // Cities & Networks

1.30

MST

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

MSF

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.4.2 Topological Algorithms

Image 1.30

Path Chooser

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

As the city expands, more and more people move into the

48 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection 1.28 1.30

Image

Image 1.30 Set Point on Mesh COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The

terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

49 1.31 1.33 1.32 2.4.2 Methods // Morphological Analysis

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

50 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

2.4.3. City Analysis

Sample A. Bogotá 1.

scales of influence and capacity for certain densities. Placement and distribution will be based on their scales circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to various elements of the site

Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points and rules between each of the reactors would create a hierarchy of networks). Seeding public programs: Broken down to 4 main categories – Public/Support/ Commercial/Leisure-Culture, based on grouping identified in the existing public infrastructure. 3 different sizes/scales (L, M, S) going to be placed according to

51 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33

500m Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Set Point on Mesh COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Angle Evaluator

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

52 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

the slope gradients on site – L >> Flat, M >> slope, S >> steep

of influence. There are 3 different scales (large, medium, small) to be placed according to the slope analysis.

1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

53 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33 500m

Image Image Sample B. Bogotá 2.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

54 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

Sample C. Bogotá 3.

heir integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditiof drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditi lo que pasa este documentico me tiene un poco casao asi que como nadie lo n conditions on the site.

the specific scenarios.

pe, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying th

1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

55 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33 500m

Image Image

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

56 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

Sample D. Genoa, Italy.

general strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale

1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

57 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33

Image Image

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

58 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

The connections identify the flat areas from the terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides

Image 1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

59 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33 1.32 500m

Sample E. Cuenca, Spain.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

60 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Secondary Tertiary 1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

Primary

Image

Image 1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Sample F. Enna, Italy.

Placement and distribution will be based on their scales

circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to various elements of the site

Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points and rules between each of the reactors would

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

61 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.31 1.33 1.32 500m

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Point Grouping

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Primary Secondary Tertiary

62 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

1.31 1.31 1.31 Primary Secondary Tertiary

Image

Sample F. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Activity that resulted in the destruction of the original watershed, the path of the river has been modified and channelized. As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries.

63 2.4.3 Methods // City Analysis 1.33 1.32 500m

Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Angle Evaluator

DESIGN

GRASSHOPPER

http://woojsung.

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Set Point on Mesh COMPONENT ORIENTED

VB -

com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

64 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Image 1.30 Point Grouping COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB -

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

http://woojsung.com

Image 1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com

of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

2.4.4. Range Finder

Circle Packing is so great that we will replace this text ining activity that resulted in the destruction of the original watershed, the path of the river has been modified and channelized. As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries.

Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components

(urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us.

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

65 2.4.4 Methods // City Analysis 1.31 1.33 1.32

Research Development General Strategy Evaluation Parameters 3.1 3.2 3.0

TECHNIQUES

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

STRATEGIES

- Analysis of initial conditions.

- Extraction and storage of information

- Evaluation of partial results

- Evaluation of nal condition

DRIVERS

- Analysis algorithms for speci c aspects of the site

DATA

REACTORS

STRATEGIES

- Physical response to Drivers

- Component application.

- Modi cation of partial results.

- Parameters for evaluation.

TECHNIQUES

- Modi cation algorithms for speci c aspects of the site

- Component assemblies

68 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

(RE) CONNECT

3.1. General Strategy

use- zoning the existing Urban / Park subdivisions: area for city growth / protected area for landscaping and stabilizing the watershed

Image 1.30

bridging segment crossing the park areas. Seeding public programs- regional scale (Small, medium, large)- Civic/ social/public spaces and components that have certain scales of influence and capacity for certain densities. Placement and distribution will be based on their scales circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to various elements of the site

Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

3.1 Research Development // General Strategy

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Watershed Morphology

Slope Gradients

Existing Urban Tissue

In uence Areas

DRIVERS

Land Usage

Urban Types

REACTORS

Seeding Community Programs

Urban Topology

Boundary Classi cation

Watershed Restitution

Weak Embankment Finder

Flooding Pools Finder Flow Control Planes

Gradient Decent

Block Subdivider

Slope Analysis

Cominnity Range Finder

City Topology

Street Tracer

Building Type Engine

Space Sintax

Flooding Pools Finder

Weak Embankment Finder

Flow Control Planes

Gradient Decent

Block Subdivider

Slope Analysis

Cominnity Range Finder

City Topology

Street Tracer

Building Type Engine

Space Sintax

Ecological Aspects

Topographical Aspects

Network Aspects

70 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

DATA

(RE) CONNECT

sizes/scales (L, M, S) going to be placed according to the slope gradients on site – L >> Flat, M >> slope, S >> steep

Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information

embedded – and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads

blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. 3.1 Methods // General Strategy River Ecosystem - Water flow incidence - Watershed condition - Watershed requirements -Network condition-Infrastructure requirements-Urbantissuetypes -Transformed topography -Soil mechanics -Risk assessment Analysis UncontrolledMining Ana lysis FastGrowingCity Analysi s Rest tutionofthesettings need ed t o p r o m o et t eh developmentofthewatersh ed e c o s y s et m enableandsupport urban development Construction of stable conditionsthatwould C onn ce t i o n o f t he neede dinfrastructuresin order o tstra a s u s t a ina ble ur banizationprocess

Image 1.30

Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

72 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Water Ground Environment Private Public Mixed use Single-level Multi-level Linear stack Terraced Alternating Housing unit Hydro-turbine Live stakes / Joint planting Water storage Water channel Water filtration Water harvest Vegetation Stamp-based Safe river bank Safe spill pools Canals Embankment Pavement +Infrastructure Pavement +Lighting Roads Pavement Profile-based High risk resolution Mitigation Stabilize Safety restitution Reconnect Populate INTERFACE DOMAIN LEVELS GROUPING COMPONENT FUNCTION

NetworkconditionInfrastructurerequirements

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Analysis

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2. Mitigating: Identification of safety zones for placement of contingencies.

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3. Stabilizing: Modification of topography to generate viable terrain for urbanization.

River Ecosystem - Water flow incidence - Watershed condition - Watershed requirements

4. Reconnecting: Layout of the infrastructure according to the resulting topography.

-Transformed topography -Soil mechanics -Risk assessment Analysis UncontrolledMining

C onn ce t i o n o f t he neede dinfrastructuresin order to tstra a s u s t a ina ble ur banizationprocess.

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River Ecosystem

5. Populating: Placement of housing types in the resulting areas.

-Transformed topography -Soil mechanics -Risk assessment Analysis

Ana lysi s

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Design Development Terrain Classification Flood Control Component Based Approach First Level of Connection Second Level of Connection Block Morphology Public Programme 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.0

Image 1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of

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Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.

com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

4.1. Terrain Classification

Placement and distribution will be based on their scales circle packing and topographical patches/ slopes. Urban components- local scale(landscape, urban, contingent) constitute self-organizing components that relate to various elements of the site

Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points and rules between each of the reactors would

76 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image

Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

the site and its surrounding areas in their current

1.31 1.33 1.32

condition.

77 4.1 Design Development // Terrain Classification 0 250 500 1000 MTS Image 1.30 Low points COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. River Flooding 1.32

Referencia Catalogp de plantas COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

Tipo de planta y porque es buena COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

1.30

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Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components

78 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image Tipo Image Image 1.30

1.31 1.33 1.32

Como se determina el borde COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

79 4.1 Design Development // Terrain Classification 0 250 500 1000 MTS

Image 1.30

River Flooding 1.32 Risk Area

its surrounding areas in their

(urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual to the specific scenarios.vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries

walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslidesthere there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there

80 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30

1.31 HARD SOFT WET DRY S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 WET DRY S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

Tipo de planta y fuente de porque es local COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and current condition.

Como se determina el borde COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

81 4.1 Design Development // Terrain Classification 0 250 500 1000 MTS Image 1.30

River Flooding 1.32 Risk Area S3 / 32.7° To 90° S2 / 8° To 32.7° S1 / 0° To 8°

1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

4.2. Flood Control

to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding

without loosing stability and preventing mudslidesthere there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there

Due to the mining activity that resulted in the destruction of the original watershed, the path of the river has been

82 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image

1.31 1.33 1.32

83 4.2 Design Development // Flood Control 0 250 500 1000 MTS Image 1.30 Low points COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. 1.32 River Flooding Risk Area S3 / 32.7° To 90° S2 / 8° To 32.7° S1 / 0° To 8° Weak Embankment Drain Path

1.30

Set Point on Mesh

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Angle Evaluator

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

modified and channelized. As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. there there there there there there there there thereneighbourhoods`its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing

stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslidesthere there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there

there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there

neighbourhoods`its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also

84 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image

1.31 1.33 1.32

85 4.2 Design Development // Flood Control 0 250 500 1000 MTS Image 1.30 Low points COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. VB - http:// woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. 1.32 River Flooding Risk Area S3 / 32.7° To 90° S2 / 8° To 32.7° S1 / 0° To 8° Surface Modification Cone -Water Speed +Water Speed

Drainage Axis

Weak Embankment

Flooding Areas

River

Site Boundary

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Drainage Axis

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Flooding Areas

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Site Boundary

to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and Tunjuelo quarries, the malparidito river has been modified and channelized. As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries.

accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain the flooding without loosing stability and preventing mudslidesthere there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there there

86 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

COMPONENT

Image 1.30 Set Point on Mesh

ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

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88 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Water Ground Urban/Network Continuous Hybrid Water Ground Solid Porous Mixed Local Block Cluster Multi-scalar Structure Populate Stabilize Retain INTERFACE FORM MATERIAL SCALE FUNCTION Mixed Mixed Discrete Discrete Hybrid Flow control Protect Connect Image 1.30 Low points COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their

4.3. Component Based Aproach

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking

entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city. ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

tes: optimised connection of all the seeding points (minimum spanning trees or tree of trees), provides the 2nd level of the network to be overlaid with the first level, topographically sensitive network

89 4.3 Design Development // Component Based Aproach

90 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Water Water Ground Ground Ground Local Local Block Cluster Swale Urban/Network Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Local Solid Solid Solid Discrete Water Water channel Local Water filtration Street Local Live stakes Water Water Ground Ground Ground Local Local Block Cluster Swale Urban/Network Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Local Solid Solid Solid Discrete Water Water channel Local Water filtration Street Local Live stakes Cluster Swale Urban/Network Porous Continuous Discrete Vegetation Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Solid Water filtration Street Solid Discrete Water Local Live stakes Water Water Ground Ground Ground Local Local Block INTERFACE Swale FORM MATERIAL SCALE FUNCTION Urban/Network Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Discrete Water Local Live stakes Water Water Ground Ground Ground Local Local Block INTERFACE Swale FORM MATERIAL SCALE FUNCTION Urban/Network Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Discrete Water Local Live stakes Cluster Swale Urban/Network Porous Continuous Discrete Vegetation Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Solid Water filtration Street Discrete Water Local Live stakes Urban/Network Hybrid Water Ground Ground Ground Mixed Local Local Block Multi-scalar INTERFACE Swale FORM MATERIAL SCALE FUNCTION Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Protect Connect Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Local Live stakes Urban/Network Hybrid Water Ground Ground Ground Mixed Local Local Block Multi-scalar INTERFACE Swale FORM MATERIAL SCALE FUNCTION Urban/Network Solid Solid Porous Porous Mixed Mixed Continuous Discrete Discrete Discrete Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Stairs Spill pools Multi-scalar Water Water storage Protect Connect Local Vegetation Local Solid Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Local Live stakes Cluster Swale Urban/Network Porous Continuous Discrete Vegetation Contingent Wall Ground Ground Mixed Hybrid Local Gabion Solid Water filtration Street Local Live stakes 1.31 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.33 1.32 Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT

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92 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection 0 250 500 1000 MTS

Low Connectivity High Connectivity 1.32

4.4. First Level of Connection

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain

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Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

93 4.4 Design Development // First Level of Connection

0 250 500 1000 MTS

1.32 S1 / 0° To 8° River Park Connection Points

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COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

94 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32

0 250 500 1000 MTS Low Connectivity High Connectivity

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Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

95 4.4 Design Development // First Level of Connection 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 5000m 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32

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COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

96 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Low Connectivity High Connectivity 250 500 1000 MTS

1.32

Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, its watershed assumes and adapts to those changes. The terrain has therefore sufficient vegetation to sustain

Range Finder

97 0 250 500 1000 MTS 4.4 Design Development // First Level of Connection

Image 1.30-1.30

1.32 S1 / 0° To 8° River Park

First Level of Connection

4.5. Second Level of Connection

ides. In the case of the Tunjuelo quarries, the flooding of populated areas is also accompanied by the collapse of the quarries walls due to erosion. Roads blocking entire sectors of the city.

98 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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99 0 250 500 1000 MTS

1.32 4.5 Design Development // Second Level of Connection S3 / 32.7° To 90° S2 / 8° To 32.7° S1 / 0° To 8° S3 / 32.7° To 90° S H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 W S S S1 / 0° To 8° River Park

100 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection S3 / 32.7° To 90° S3 / 32.7° To 90° S2 / 8° To 32.7° S1 / 0° To 8° S H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 W W S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 W S S

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101 4.5 Design Development // Second Level of Connection

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TOPOGRAPHY

102 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection SCALE

DENSITY Private Public Single-housing

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Blockhousing

PROXIMITY

1.32

4.6. Block Morphology

Component notes: each seed is placed as a component – connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components (urban, landscape, contingent). By combining the various layers of drivers we produce a map classifying the different geomorphological and urban conditions on the site, this enables us to design adaptable components contextual

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4.6 Design Development // Block Morphology

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104 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection Urban (street / public program) Park Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Urban (street / public program) Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid public program) Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 Urban (street / public program) Park Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Urban (street / public program) Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid public program) Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Softscape Hardscape Primary Secondary SURFACE NETWORK SPATIAL Public Private Flexible Rigid Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com Image 1.30 Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB -

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Landscape architecture as a discipline spend more time then necessary attempting to prevent the inevitable loss of traditional identity, rather than thinking proactively and developing the tools of an entirely new approach to large scale design.

The article descrives a new method as a topological

approach to site design using computer modelling and visualization, which is able to integrate the most significant parameters of planning. Engineering and architecture wie integration and biodiversity. Emergent topologies in landscape The article descrives a new method as a topological approach to site design using computer modelling and visualization, which is able to integrate the most significant parameters of planning. Engineering and

architecture within a new kind of interdisciplinary large –scale design. Emergent Topology, says the author, will become not only an impressive symbol by its shear size, but also an example of advance landscape integration and biodiversity. Emergent topologies in landscape

105

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106 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S H S S D S1 H D S2 H D S3 H S1 H S2 H S3 W W W D S1 D S2 D S3 S1 S2 S3 W W W S S S S 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32

The Article outlines a list of by-laws for the formation and use of post-mining landscapes as developmental tasks:

-The post-mining landscapes, newly available for design should, on the one hand, suit their geological surroundings and, on the other hand, set their own economic, ecologic, and aesthetic priorities.

- After mining a landscape should be left behind that fills the requirements of environmental protection and provides new jobs for the people living there.

-Re-cultivation is interlinked with a learning process and requires a lot of time, energy, and financial means; durable tending strategies and accompanying measures are necessary so that any shortcomings of the re-cultivation can be duly rectified according to the respective level.

- The conversion, restoration and rehabilitation of a

liable environment give the inhabitants of the mining regions the opportunity to build themselves a new home.

In this process, therefore, the different stakeholders must be strengthened and the varying interest groups must maintain an equal say in order to increase the transparency of the policies and the restoration plans.

The re-cultivation should be accompanied by various investigations and research.

The Article outlines a list of by-laws for the formation and use of post-mining landscapes as developmental tasks:

-The post-ming landscapes, newly available for design should, on the one hand, suit their geological surroundings and, on the other hand, set their own economic, ecologic, and aesthetic priorities.

must be strengthened and the varying interest groups

must maintain an equal say in order to increase the transparency of the policies and the restoration plans.

The re-cultivation should be accompanied by various investigations and research.

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This one is again a description of the chilenian law. Being Chile one of the largest producers of copper in the world the country is filled with old and unwanted infrastructure throughout its territory. To deal with tis situation the country has devised a strict regulation system than demands closure plans, Restitution of the land and restoration of the landscape before any mining site is given a licence to operate. As good as this may be, says Image

the author, the regulation when written, did not stipulate what to do with already closed mines and did not require the closure plans to be up to date as the mining process expands.

Among the most interesting strategies, the article mentions the concept of Significant Risk; a matrix of likelihood of a particular incident versus the significance of the consequences. This was done in order to determine the cost and extent of the mitigation and restoration plan. It uses the experiences of the Swell mine near Rancagua and La Africana Mine near Santiago as examples.

124 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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125 0 250 500 MTS 4.7 Design Development // Public Programmes

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Design Proposal The intervention: The City; The River; The Quarry Plans and Sections Component Placement Flood Phasing Network Dynamics Spatial Results 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.0

128 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection STABILIZE RESTORE POPULATE Public Programs Buildings Contingencies Flood Control

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of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

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The intervention: The City; The River; The Quarry

Among the most interesting strategies, the article mentions the concept of Significant Risk; a matrix of

likelihood of a particular incident versus the significance of the consequences. This was done in order to determine the cost and extent of the mitigation and restoration plan. It uses the experiences of the Swell mine near Rancagua

129 5.1 Design Proposal //The intervention: The City; The River; The Quarry

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5.2. Plans and Sections

As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. As the city expands, more and more people move into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry.

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130 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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HIGH RISK URBAN AREAS

MUDSLIDES

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

QUARRY COLAPSE

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RIVER OVERFLOW

FLOODING QUARRY

Orthophotograph of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition. The image summarises the conflict between the th

INTERRUPTED NETWORK

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Design Proposal //Plans and Sections 5.2

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5.3. Component Placement

The primary aim of rehabilitation is that the surface areas engaged in mining, says the author, are suitable for another worthwhile use, including the necessary measures to enable this, so that, notable, the incorporation of future use is not relevant. However, the other worthwhile use does not later have to continue through a cultivation business, for instance through agriculture; its use as recreational area of nature conservation area is therefore also possible, like the wide range of respectable utilization options clearly prove. The consideration of the public’s interest during rehabilitation prohibits prospects constricted to one solution and demands a reconcilement with public needs.

136 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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Design Proposal //Component Placement 5.3 1.30 1.30

5.4. Flood Phasing

strategy of how the existing drivers and reactors operate and their hierarchies.

Scales of influence/ influence areas-Proximity influence (values) Subdivision of land use zones based on the scale

Constitutes the primary level of the proposed networks (main roads)

The connections identify the flat areas from the

138 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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139 Design Proposal //Flood Phasing 5.4

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Reactors (network– the relationships and connection points and rules between each of the reactors would

140 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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Component notes: each seed is placed as a component –connectivity, function, and orientation, information embedded – and their integration with other components

142 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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144 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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Design Proposal //Flood Phasing 5.4

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146 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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5.5. Network Dynamics

Due to the mining activity that resulted in the destruction of the original watershed, the path of the river has been modified and channelized. As a result, the flow increases its speed and tries to scape trough weak and unprotected points such as poor embankments in heavily populated areas to north of the quarries. As the city expands, more and more people move into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraih of the que closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraiNormally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically,

rmally, when the flow of a river increasermally, when the flow of a river increaseove into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraih of the que closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraiNormally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, ove into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraih of the que closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraiNormally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, ove into the neighbourhoods that

surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraih of the que closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraiNormally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, ove into the neighbourhoods that surround the quarry. Because there has never been a plan for the closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraih of the que closure of the quarries and the integration of its terraiNormally, when the flow of a river increases periodically, Normally, when the flow of a river increases periodically,

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Design Proposal //Spatial Results 5.6

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Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

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Design Proposal //Spatial Results 5.6

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Range Finder

152 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

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Design Proposal //Spatial Results 5.6

Image 1.30

Range Finder

154 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

Image 1.30

Range Finder

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

155 Design Proposal //Spatial Results 5.6

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Range Finder COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung. com of the site and its surrounding areas in their current condition.

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Design Proposal //Spatial Results 5.6

Bibliography 7.0 Alphabetical Bibliography Images credits 7.1 7.2

Bibliography

Adolphe, L. (2000). A simplified model of urban morphology: application to an analysis of the environment performance of cities. Environment and Planning B , 28 (2), 183-200.

Ali Toudert, F. (2001). A Methodology For A Climatic Urban Design. The 18th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, (pp. 469-474). Florianopolis.

Ali-Toudert. (2005). Dependence of Outdoor Thermal Comfort on Street Design in Hot and Dry Climate. Berichte des Meteorologischen Institutes der Universität Freiburg (15).

Ali-Toudert. (2005). Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria. Climate Research , 28, 243-256.

Ali-Toudert, F. (2007). Effects of asymmetry, Galleries, overhanging Facades and Vegetation on thermal Comfort in Urban Street Canyons. Solar Energy (81), 742-754.

Ali-Toudert, F. (2006). Effects Of Street Design On Outdoor Thermal Comfort.

Ali-Toudert, F. (2005). Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate. Building and Environment (41), 94-108.

Ali-Toudert, F. (2007). Thermal comfort in an east–west oriented street canyon in Freiburg (Germany) under hot summer conditions. Theoretical and applied

Climatology (87), 223-237.

Arnfield, A. J. (1990). Street Design and Urban Canyon Solar Access. Energy and Buildings , 14, 117-131.

Arnfield, J. (2003). Two Decades of Urban Climate Research: A Review of Turbulence, Exchanges of Energy and Water, and the Urban Heat Island. International Journal of Climatology , 23, 1-26.

Berghauser Pont, M. (2010). SpaceMatrix Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers.

Biller, T. &. (1983). Notes on the rise, development and destruction of a block in Friedrichstadt. Architectural Design , 53 (1/2), 20-26.

Bouyer, J. (2009). Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effect by Urban Design: Forms and Materials. Fifth Urban Research Symposium 2009.

De Schiller, S. (1998). Sustainable Urban Development; Design Guidelines for Warm Humid Cities. Urban Design International , 4, 165-184.

De Schiller, S. (1995). Training Architects and Planners to Design with Urban Microclimates. Atmospheric Environment , 30 (3), 449-454.

El Nahas, M. (1996). Energy saving throug urban Design - A microclimatic approach. Adelaide.

Emmanuel, R. (1995). Energy-Efficient Urban Design Guidelines For Warm-Humid Cities: Strategies for Colombo, Sri Lanka. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research , 58, 58-79.

Givoni, B. (1989). Urban Design in different Climates (Vols. WCAP-10). Los Angeles: World Meteorological Organization.

Godfray, H. C. (2010). The future of the global food system. Philosphical Transactions of The Royal Society , 365, 2769-2777.

Golany, G. (1996). Urban Design Morphology and Thermal Performance. Atmospheric Environment , 30 (3), 455-465.

Group, ‘2C‘. (1979). Cerda’s Barcelona. Lotus International (23), 76-94.

Grumbach, A. (1983). Paris - Rue de Rivoli. Daidalos (7), 19-23.

Huang, Y. (2008). Towards urban design guidelines from urban morphology description and climate adaptability. PLEA 2008 – 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Dublin.

Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable Urban Forms; Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research , 26, 38-52.

Jack, H. J. (1981). Some simplified parameters to assess the energy efficiency of urban settlement configurations. Environment and Planning B , 8 (3), 333-348.

Kennedy, C. (2009). Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Cities. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 43, 7297-7302.

Knowles, R. (1981). Sun Rhthm Form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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Krier, L. (n.d.). Urban Components.

Marshall, S. (2005). Streets and Patterns. Oxon: Spon Press.

Mills, G. (2006). Progress toward sustainable settlements: a role for urban climatology. Theor. Appl. Climatol. , 84, 69-76.

Morello, E. (2009). Sustainable Urban Block Design through Passive Architecture A tool that uses urban geometry optimization to compute energy savings. PLEA2009 - 26th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Quebec.

Morgan, D. (1977). Microclimates within an Urban Area. Annals of the Association of American Geographers (pp. 55-65). Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Morris, A. (1994). History of Urban Form, Before the Industrial Revolution. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Ng, E. (2010). Designing High-Density Cities; For social & environmental sustainability. London: Earthscan.

Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates (2nd Edition 1987 ed.). London: Routledge.

Oke, T. R. (2006). Initial Guidance to obtain representative Meteorological Observations at Urban Sites. Vancouver: Word Meteorological Organization.

Olgyay. (1969). Design with Climate. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Oliveira Panao, M. (2008). Optimization of the urban building efficiency potential for mid-latitude climates

using a genetic algorithm approach. Renewable Energy , 33, 887–896.

Oliver, P. (1997). Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World (Vols. 1-3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rudofsky, B. (1964). Architecture without Architects. London: Academy Editions.

Salat, S. (2009). Constructing Sustainability: Ethics, Techniques or Aesthetics. Constructing Sustainability: Ethics, Techniques or Aesthetics.

Salat, S. (2007). Energy and Bioclimatic Efficiency of Urban Morphologies: A Comparative Analysis of Asian and European Cities . Conference on Sustainable Building South East Asia. Malaysia.

Salat, S. (2010). Morphological indicators for assessing the sustainability of cities.

Santamouris, M. ,. (2002). Ventilation of street canyons and its impact on passive cooling design. Universtity of Athens, Physics Department, Group Building, Environment Studies, Athens.

Sass, R. (n.d.). It’s not cool to be hot in Houston. Houston: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sass/UHI.html.

Siksna, A. (1998). City centre blocks and their evolution: A comparative study of eight American and Australian CBDs. Journal of Urban Design , 3 (3), 253-283.

Steemers, K. (2000). Assessing the Urban Microclimate: Introducing innovative modelling techniques. The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies.

Stewart, I. Classifying Urban Climate Field Sites by “Local Climate Zones”; The Case of Nagano, Japan. The seventh International Conference on Urban Climate. Yokohama.

Stone, B. (2006). Land use planning and surface heat island formation: a parcel based radiation flux approach. Atmospheric Envrionment , 40, 3561-3573.

UN Habitat. (2010). The state of African Cities 2010.

Nairobi: UNEP.

United Nations. (2009). World Urbanization Prospects, The 2009 Revision. Department of Economic and Social Afairs. New York: Population Division.

Van Esch, M. (n.d.). Transferring Knowledge on Urban Microclimates in the Urban Planning and Design Process.

Watson, D. (1979). Energy conservation through building design. McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Whitehand, J. (1981). The urban Landscape: Historical Development and Management. London: Academic Press INC.

161 Bibliography 7.0

Appendices 8.0 Code Summary Tables 8.1 8.2

1 Private Sub RunScript(ByVal canal As Polyline, ByVal genL As Double, ByVal reset As Boolean, ByVal branch As Boolean, ByVal spur As Boolean, ByVal stick As Boolean, ByVal sclfac As Double, ByVal build As List(Of Polyli ne), ByVal cen As Point3d, ByVal scInt As Interval, ByVal wbounds As Curve, ByVal totalpop As Integer, ByVal startpop As Integer, ByVal growth As Double, ByVal startRL As List(Of Polyline), ByVal existRL As List(Of Pol yline), ByVal rbounds As Polyline, ByVal canCen As Polyline, ByVal aggCir As List(Of Circle), ByVal type As I nteger, ByVal areas As List(Of Double), ByVal height As List(Of Double), ByVal wOff As Double, ByVal rOff As Double, ByVal cS As Polyline, ByVal sC As Polyline, ByVal area3d As List(Of Double), ByVal aggcrv As List(Of Curve), ByVal attstrat As Boolean, ByRef waterCanals As Object, ByRef WaterOffset As Object, ByRef RoadList A s Object, ByRef RoadsOffset As Object, ByRef Buildings As Object, ByRef SolarStills As Object, ByRef GrowthCi rcle As Object, ByRef recGrid As Object, ByRef publicspaceList As Object)

2 If count = 0 OrElse reset Then

'-----------------------------------

'----------------------------------5 count =

can = New polyline(canal)

trail = New DataTree(Of polyline)

gen = New DataTree(Of int32)

stopper New DataTree(Of int32)'stopper = 0 then go; stopper = 1 then dead

bldl

grow_branch(branch, sc, cs, genL, wbounds, aggCir)

make_points(build, areas)

grid(rbounds, sc, cs, build, areas)

Call Resize(sclfac, sc, cs, aggcir, attstrat)

canL As List(Of polyline) = trail.AllData : canl.Add(canCen)

Roads(growth, startRL, existRL, canL, rBounds, aggCir)

Call publicspace

Call recpack(stick, build, type, existRL, wOff, rOff, canCen, rbounds)

If bldL.Count > 0 Then bldl = orient(type, existRL, wOff, rOff, canCen)

tg AsNew DataTree(Of int32)

For i As int32 = 0 To gen.BranchCount - 1

Dim p As GH_Path = gen.Path(i)

For j As int32 = 0 To gen.Branch(i) Count - 1

If gen.Branch(i).item(j) = 8 Then tg.Add(0, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 7 Then tg.Add(1, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 6 Then tg.Add(2, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 5 Then tg.Add(3, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 4 Then tg.Add(4, p)

If gen.Branch(i).item(j) = 3 Then tg.Add(5, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 2 Then tg.Add(6, p)

If gen.Branch(i).item(j) 1 Then tg.Add(7, p)

If gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 0 Then tg.Add(8, p)

If gen.Branch(i).item(j) =-1 Then tg.Add(8, p)

Dim prev As New List(Of circle)

For i As int32 = 0To aggcir.Count - 1

164 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

0 6

= New List(Of polyline) 11 outRec = New List(Of rectangle3d) 12 areaOr = New List(Of Double) 13 genW = 1 14 prevflag = New List(Of Boolean) 15 pstfl = New List(Of Boolean) 16 psL = New List(

17 stiL = New

18 aggpoly = New

polyline) 19 20 dph = New List(Of

21 dphi = 0 22 dFlag = New List(Of Boolean) 23 hecsortL = New List(Of Double) 24 '----------------------------------25 '----------------------------------26 For i As int32 =0 To build.Count - 1 27 Dim prop As AreaMassProperties = AreaMassProperties.Compute(build.item(i).tonurbscurve) 28 areaOr.Add(prop.Area) 29 pstfl.Add(True) 30 Next 31 32 33 totpop = totalpop * 1000 34 curpop = 0'startpop * 1000 35 addpop = 0 36 cannetLength = 0 37 addpopL = New List(Of Double) 38 roadnetlen = 0 39 conRate = 100 40 genR = 0 41 seg = 25 42 n 5 43 bothways = False 44 45 roadL = startRL 46 ageL = New List(Of int32) 47 tfL = New List(Of Boolean) 48 tvalT = New DataTree(Of Double) 49 50 For i As int32 = 0 To roadL.Count - 1 51 ageL.add(genR) 52 tfL.add(True) 53 tvalT.Add(0, New GH_path(i)) 54 roadnetlen += roadL.item(i).length 55 Next 56 57 '----------------------------------58 '----------------------------------59 timelaps = 0 60 fact = .895 61 actCir = New Circle(cen, 1) 62 For i As int32 = 0 To aggCir.Count - 1 Macintosh HD:Users:iNVG:Desktop:the code!!.vb: 1/23 63 prevflag.Add(False) 64 Next 65 66 '----------------------------------67 '----------------------------------68 69 oriT = New DataTree(Of polyline) 70 c = 1 71 72 recL New List(Of rectangle3d) 73 74 ReDim shptA(build.count - 1) 75 ReDim shnA(build.Count - 1) 76 '----------------------------------77 '----------------------------------78 area3dL = area3D 79 secFlag = New DataTree(Of Boolean) 80 areaL = New List(Of Double) 81 nc = 0 82 '----------------------------------83 '----------------------------------84 85 For i As int32 = 0 To aggcrv.Count - 1 86 Dim crv As curve = aggcrv.item(i) 87 Dim dbl() As Double = crv.DivideByCount(200, True) 88 Dim pol AsNew polyline 89 For j As int32 = 0 To dbl.length - 1 90 pol.Add(crv.PointAt(dbl(j))) 91 Next 92 aggpoly.Add(pol) 93 Next 94 EndIf 95 '----------------------------------96 '----------------------------------97 If timeLaps > 0 Then actCir.Radius += actCir.Radius *

^ timeLaps) 98 If timeLaps > 0 AndAlso timelaps Mod 50 = 0 Then 99 fact /= 1.85 100 timeLaps = 0 101 EndIf 102 '----------------------------------103 104 '----------------------------------105 Call

106 'Call

107 Call

108

109

110

111

112

113

114 ' '----------------------------------115 '----------------------------------116

117

118

119

120

121

Of rectangle3d)

List(Of Point3d)

List(Of

Rectangle3d)

(fact

Dim

Call

Dim

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130 Next 131 Next 132

133

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print("canal pr person = " & canNetLength / curpop)

Dim trail As DataTree(Of polyline)

Dim gen As DataTree(Of int32)

Dim stopper As DataTree(Of Int32)

Dim bldl As List(Of polyline)

Dim outRec As List(Of rectangle3d)

Dim areaOr As List(Of Double)

Dim can As Polyline

Dim canNetLength As Double

Dim fact As Double = 0

Dim timelaps As Int32 = 0

Dim prevflag As List(Of Boolean)

Dim stiL As List(Of point3d)

Dim hecsortL As List(Of Double)

Dim roadL As List(Of polyline)

Dim ageL As List(Of int32)

181 Dim tfL As List(Of Boolean) 182 Dim tvalT As DataTree(Of Double) 183 184 Dim totpop As Int32

185 Dim curPop As Int32

186 Dim addpop As int32

187 Dim addPopL As List(Of Double)

188 Dim nc As int32 = 0

189 Dim dph As List(Of rectangle3d)

190 Dim dphi As int32

191 Dim dflag As List(Of Boolean) 192 193 Dim roadNetLen As Double 194 Dim seg As Double 195 Dim div As Double 196 Dim n As int32

197 Dim bothways As Boolean

Dim actCir As Circle

Dim conRate As int32

Dim genR As int32

Dim genW As Int32

Dim recL As List(Of rectangle3d)

205 Dim oriT As DataTree(Of polyline)

Dim shptA() As point3d

Dim shnA() As int32

Dim c As int32

Dim area3dL As List(Of Double)

Dim secFlag As DataTree(Of Boolean)

Dim areaL As List(Of Double)

Dim pstfl As List(Of Boolean)

Dim psL As List( Of rectangle3d)

Dim aggpoly As List(Of polyline)

Sub grid(ByVal bounds As polyline, ByVal sc As polyline, ByVal cs As polyline, ByVal build As List(Of polyl ine), ByVal areas As list(Of Double))

Dim x As curve = bounds.ToNurbsCurve

Dim crva() As curve = x.Offset(plane.WorldXY, -50, 10, curveoffsetcornerstyle.Sharp)

Dim br() As Brep = Brep.CreatePlanarBreps(crva(0))

Dim min As Double =

Dim max As Double = 4000

If count = 0 Then

Dim bbx As BoundingBox = br(0).GetBoundingBox(True)

233 Dim l1 As curve = New line(bbx.GetCorners(0), (bbx.GetCorners(1))).tonurbscurve

234 Dim l2 As curve = New line(bbx.GetCorners(0), (bbx.GetCorners(3))).tonurbscurve

235 Dim div1() As Double = l1.DivideByLength(100, True)

236 Dim div2() As Double = l2.DivideByLength(100, True)

237 For i As int32 = 0 To div1.length - 1

238 Dim ln As New Line(l1.PointAt(div1(i)), New vector3d(bbx.GetCorners(3) - (bbx.GetCorners(0))), l2.Get Length)

239 For j As int32 0 To div2.length - 1

240 Dim pl As plane = plane.WorldXY

241 pl.Origin = (ln.PointAt(div2(j)))

242 If pl.Origin.DistanceTo(br(0).ClosestPoint(pl.Origin)) > .1 Then Continue For

243 dph.Add(New Rectangle3d(pl, New interval(-50, 50), New interval(-50, 50)))

244 dflag.Add(False)

245 Dim tS As Double = sc.ClosestPoint(pl.Origin).DistanceTo(pl.Origin)

246 ts *= 1.5

247 ts += cs.ClosestPoint(pl.Origin).DistanceTo(pl.Origin) * .5

248 ts /= 2

249 hecsortL.Add(ts)

250 If ts < min Then min = ts

254 Dim arrR() As rectangle3d = dph.ToArray

255 Dim arrF() As Boolean = dFlag.ToArray

256 Dim arrS() As Double = hecsortL.ToArray

257 array Sort(hecsortL.ToArray, arrR)

258 array Sort(hecsortL.ToArray, arrF)

259 array.Sort(arrS)

260 hecsortL = New List(Of Double)(arrS)

261 dFlag = New List(Of Boolean)(arrF)

262 dph = New List(Of rectangle3d)(arrR)

264 End If

266 Dim int As New Interval(7, 5)

267 min = hecsortL.item(0)

268 max -= min

269

270 If addpop < curpop Then

271 For i As int32 = 0 To dph.Count - 1

272 If dflag.item(i) Then Continue For

273 Dim val As Double = hecsortl.item(i)

165 134 If prevFlag.item(i) Then prev.Add(aggcir.item(i)) 135 Next 136 '----------------------------------137 '----------------------------------138

139

140

141

142

143

= "

144 '----------------------------------145 '----------------------------------146 WaterCanals

trail 147 SolarStills

148 WaterOffset

149 Buildings

150 RoadList

151 RoadsOffset

152 publicspaceList

153 GrowthCircle

154

155

count

" & count) 156

1 157 timeLaps += 1 158 '----------------------------------159 '----------------------------------160 ' addpop += 3000 161 If curpop > totalpop * 1000 Then curpop = totalpop * 1000 162 End Sub 163 164 Dim

0 165

166

171

175

176

177

178

curpop = ((canNetLength + 3918) * 52.6 * 3 * 24 ) / 1155.6

print("current sustainable population = " & curpop)

print("added population =

& addpop)

print("number

builings = " & bldL.Count)

print("number of stills

& stil.Count)

= stiL

= tg

= bldl

= roadL

= ageL

psl

= actcir

recGrid = outrec

print("iterations

count +=

count As int32 =

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216 217

218 '----------------------------------219 '----------------------------------220

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225 226 227

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Macintosh HD:Users:iNVG:Desktop:the code!!.vb: 4/23 Appendices// Code Summary 8.1

274 'If rnd > .1 Then

275 If val <= 4000 Then

276 val -= min

277 val /= max

278 val = int.ParameterAt(val)

279 Else

280 val = int.ParameterAt(1)

281 End If

282 ' Else

283 ' val = int.ParameterAt(rnd)

284 ' End If

285 Dim tot As Double = 0

286 If dphi >= build.Count - 1 Then Exit For

287 For r As int32 = 0 To val - 1

288 If dphi >= build.Count - 1 Then Exit For

289 tot += areas.item(dphi)

290 Dim bld As New Polyline(build.item(dphi))

291 Dim rec As New Rectangle3d

292 If bld.Count 7 Then

293 rec = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(5)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)), bld(1).distan ceto(bld(2)))

294 ElseIf bld.Count = 9 Then

295 rec = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(7)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)), bld(0).distan ceto(bld(7)) + bld(6).distanceto(bld(5)))

296 Else

297 rec = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(9)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)) + bld(2).dista nceto(bld(3)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(9)) + bld(8).distanceto(bld(7)))

298 End If

299

300 Dim v As New vector3d(dph.item(i).pointat(rnd, rnd) - rec.center)

301 bld.transform(transform.Translation(v))

302 rec.transform(transform.Translation(v))

303 bldl.Add(bld)

304 recL.Add(rec)

305 areaL.Add(areas.item(dphi))

306 addpop += area3dL.item(dphi) / 25

307 If addpop > curpop Then Exit For

308 dphi += 1

309 Next

310 dflag.item(i) = True

311 If addpop > curpop Then Exit For

Else If addPop > curpop AndAlso count > 10 Then

Call weneedwater()

End If

curpop = ((canNetLength + 3918) * 52.6 * 6 * 24 * .67) / 1155.6

End Sub' end grid

'-----------------------------------

'----------------------------------321 Sub make_points(ByVal build As List(Of Polyline), ByVal areas As list(Of Double))

323 ' For i As int32 = 0 To trail.BranchCount - 1

' '

' ' If addpop * .85 > curpop Then

' ' Call WeNeedWater()

' ' Exit For

' ' End If

Dim lnL As New List(Of line)

' For j As int32 = 0 To trail.Branch(i).Count - 1

' Dim wp As Polyline = trail.Branch(i).item(j)

' If wp.Last.DistanceTo(actCir.Center) > actCir.Radius OrElse wp.First.DistanceTo(actCir.Center) >

Then Continue For

' wp.DeleteShortSegments(.1)

Dim sec() As line = wp.GetSegments

For r As int32 = 0 To sec.Length - 1

lnL.Add(sec(r))

' Next

' For j As int32 = 0To secFlag.Branch(i).Count - 1

' If secFlag.Branch(i).item(j) Then Continue For

' Dim tot As Double = 0

' If j >= lnL.Count Then Exit For

' If bldl.Count > build.Count Then Exit For

' If nc >= area3dL.Count Then Exit For

' 'build.Count - area3dL.Count

' For q As int32 = nc To area3dL.Count - 1

' Dim pt As point3d = lnL.item(j).PointAt(rnd)

' Dim rec As Rectangle3d = recL.item(q)

' Dim bld As New polyline(build.item(q))

' Dim v As New vector3d(rec.Center - pt)

' v.Reverse

' 'print(v.ToString)

' bld.Transform(transform.Translation(v))

' rec.Transform(transform.Translation(v))

' recL.item(q) = rec

' bldL.Add(bld)

' areaL.Add(areas.item(q))

' addpopL.Add(area3dL.item(q))

' tot += area3dL.item(q)

' nc += 1

' If tot > 2500 Then Exit For

' Next

' secFlag.Branch(i).item(j) = True

tCur As int32 = 0

If stil.Count < trail.AllData.count * (4 / 5) Then

For i As int32 = 0 To trail.BranchCount - 1

For j As int32 = 0 To trail.Branch(i) Count - 1

Dim tp As PolyLine = trail.Branch(i).item(j)

Dim pt As point3d = tp.PointAt(rnd * tp.Count)

If tcur > addpop + 20000 Then Exit For

curnetlen As Double = 17.09117655 * (curpop ^ .77)

If count = 0 Then

Dim temp As curve = can.ToNurbsCurve

d() As Double = temp.DivideByLength(750, False) ' (n, False)

For i As int32= 0 To d.length - 1

166 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

312

314

315

316 317

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375

376

Next 377 378 End Sub 379 '----------------------------------380 '----------------------------------381 Sub WeNeedWater() 382 383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390 canNetLength

52.6 391

392

393 Next 394

395 Next 396 End

397 curpop

* 52.6 * 3

24)

1155.6 398 End Sub 399 '----------------------------------400 '----------------------------------401 Sub grow_branch(ByVal

Boolean, ByVal

polyline, ByVal cs As polyline, ByVal mul As Double yVal

402 403 '--------------------------calculate

404 Dim

405 seg

50 406 '--------------------------initial

407

408

409

410

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313

325

326

actCir.Radius

' '

' Next

Dim

stiL.Add(pt)

+= 3229.6365 /

tcur = ((canNetLength + 3672) * 3229.6365 * 3 * 24) / 1155.6

If tcur > addpop Then Exit For

= ((canNetLength + 3918)

branch As

sc As

bounds As curve, ByVal aggCir As List(Of Circle))

rate And div number----------------------------

setup----------------------------

Dim

411 Dim p As New GH_path(i, 8)

412 gen.Add(8, p)

413 Dim poly As New polyline

414 poly.Add(temp.PointAt(d(i)))

480 481 agP += v 482 Dim tf As Boolean = False

483 Dim rCir AsNew circle(agp,

415 poly.Add(temp.PointAt(d(i)) - (New Vector3d(vector3d.CrossProduct(vector3d.ZAxis, temp.TangentAt(d(i) )) / vector3d.CrossProduct(vector3d.ZAxis, temp.TangentAt(d(i))).length)) * seg)

416 trail.Add(poly, p)

417 stopper.Add(0, p)

418 secFlag.Add(False, p)

419 Next

420 Dim tempP As List(Of polyline) = trail.AllData

421 Dim dcan(tempP.count-1) As Double

422 For i As int32 = 0 To tempP.count - 1

423 Dim tP As Polyline = tempP.item(i)

424 dcan(i) = Sc.closestpoint(tp.Last).distanceto(tp.Last)

425 dcan(i) += cs.closestpoint(tp.Last).distanceto(tp.Last)

426 dcan(i) /= 2

427 Next

428 Dim tarr() As polyline tempP.ToArray

429 array Sort(dcan, tarr)

430 For i As int32 = 0 To trail.BranchCount - 1

431 For j As int32 = 0 To trail.Branch(i) Count - 1

432 trail.Branch(i).item(j) = tarr(i)

442 Dim tempPath As New List(Of GH_Path) 443 Dim tempWP AsNew List(Of Polyline)

444 Dim tempGen As New List(Of Int32) 445 Dim tempflag AsNew List(Of Boolean) 446 For i As int32 =0 To trail.BranchCount - 1 447 For j As int32 =0 To trail.Branch(i) Count - 1

449 'If stopper.Branch(i).item(j) = 1 Then Continue For 450 If gen.Branch(i).item(j) < 0 Then Continue For

452 Dim ghI As GH_Path = trail.Path(i)

453 Dim p AsNew GH_Path(ghi(0), gen.Branch(i) item(j) - 1) 454 Dim wP As polyline = trail.Branch(i).item(j) 455 Dim agP As Point3d = wp.Last 456

457 If agp.DistanceTo(can.ClosestPoint(agp)) < .1 Then Continue For 458 If agp.DistanceTo(actCir.Center) > actCir.Radius Then Continue For 459

460 Dim v As New vector3d(wp.Last - wp.item(wp.Count - 2)) 461 v.Unitize 462 v *= seg 463 464

< aggCir.item(r).radius AndAlso gen.Branch(i) item(j) <= 7 Then prevFlag.item(r) True

rCir = aggCir.item(r)

AndAlso stopper.Branc h(i).item(j) 0 Then

tp.Add(wp.Last)

v.Rotate(rhinoMath.ToRadians(42), vector3d.ZAxis) 510 tp.Add(wp.Last + v) 511 tempPath.add(p) 512 tempWP.Add(tp) 513 tempGen.Add(gen.Branch(i).item(j) - 1) 514 '----------------------------------515 'branch end point 516 v.Rotate(rhinoMath.ToRadians(-90), vector3d.ZAxis) 517 dupWP = New Polyline 518 dupwP.Add(wp.Last) 519 dupwP.Add(wp.Last + v) 520 tempWP.Add(dupwP) 521 tempPath.Add(p) 522 tempGen.Add(gen.Branch(i).item(j) - 1) 523 '----------------------------------524 Continue For 525 526 Else If tf = False AndAlso gen.Branch(i) item(j) <= 3 Then 527 '--------------------------if outside concentration circles then grow towards them---------------------------528 actCir.ClosestParameter(agp, dbl) 529 Dim tvC As Vector3d = actCir.TangentAt(dbl) 530 tvc.Unitize 531 tvc *= seg * 2 532 'If vector3d.VectorAngle(v, tvc) < math.PI / 2 Then tvc.Reverse 533 agp -= v 534 v += tvC 535 v.Unitize 536 v *= seg 537 v.Rotate(rhinomath.ToRadians(20) * rnd - rhinomath.ToRadians(10), vector3d.ZAxis) 538 agp += v 539

465 Dim endpt As point3d = wp.Last 466 Dim turn As Boolean = True 467 468 For r As int32 = 0 To recL.Count - 1 469 If math.Abs(endpt.X - recL.item(r).center.X) < 1500 AndAlso math.Abs(endpt.Y - recL.item(r).cente r.Y) < 1500 Then 470 turn = False 471 Exit For 472 End If 473 Next

475 If turn Then

Continue For

540 Else If tf = False AndAlso gen.Branch(i) item(j) = 8 Then 541 542 '--------------------------if first genration then grow towards closets concentration

Circle----------------------------

Else 478 v.Rotate(rhinomath.ToRadians(20) * rnd - rhinomath.ToRadians(10), vector3d.ZAxis)

479 End If

543 Dim minR As Double = Double.PositiveInfinity 544 For r As int32 = 0 To aggCir.count - 1 545 If agp.DistanceTo(aggCir.item(r).center) < minR Then 546 rCir = aggCir.item(r)

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167

433

434

435 EndIf 436 '-----------------------------------------------------437 438 '--------------------------grow canal---------------------------439 Dim dbl As Double 0 440 If seg > 1 Then 441

448

451

474

476

477

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1) 484

aggCir.count - 1 485 If

486 If

487

488

489

490 Next 491 '----------------------------------492

here 493 '----------------------------------494 495 '--------------------------BRANCH!!---------------------------496

497 498

499 500 stopper.Branch(i).item(j)

501 '----------------------------------502

503

AsNew Vector3d(v) 504 Dim dupwP AsNew Polyline 505 '----------------------------------506 507

508

For r As int32 =

agp.DistanceTo(aggCir.item(r).center) < aggCir.item(r).radius Then

agp.DistanceTo(aggCir.item(r).center)

tf = True

EndIf

'avoid buildings

If tf AndAlso wp.Length > ((rcir.Radius * mul) * .77 ^ gen.Branch(i) item(j))

'if inside circle do this!

= 1

'branching variables

Dim tV

Dim tP As New Polyline

509

Appendices// Code Summary 8.1

547 minR = agp.DistanceTo(aggCir.item(r).center)

548 End If 549 Next

550 agp -= v

551 Dim tvC As New Vector3d(rCir.ClosestPoint(agp) - agP)

552 'v.Rotate(vector3d.VectorAngle(v,tvc)/2,vector3d.ZAxis)

553 tvc.Unitize

554 v += tvc * seg

555 v.Unitize

556 v *= seg

557 v.Rotate(rhinomath.ToRadians(20) * rnd - rhinomath.ToRadians(10), vector3d.ZAxis)

558 v.Unitize

559 agp += v * seg

560 561 End If 562

563 '-----------------------------------if more water is needed then spawn a new canal!!-----------------------------------

564 If secFlag.Branch(i).item(j) False AndAlso curpop < addpop + 3000 AndAlso wp.Count >= 6 Then'AndA lso gen.Branch(i).item(j) <= 6 Then 565 secFlag.Branch(i).item(j) = True

566 Dim crv As Curve = curve.CreateInterpolatedCurve(wp.ToArray, 1)

567 crv.Domain = New Interval(0, 1)

568 Dim tv AsNew Vector3d

569 For r As int32 = 0 To 1'math.Round(rnd)

570 Dim rdbl As Double = (.7 - .3) * rnd + .3

571 Dim pt As New point3d(crv.PointAt(rdbl))

572 tv = vector3d.CrossProduct(crv.TangentAt(rdbl), vector3d.ZAxis)

573 tv.Unitize

574 tv *= seg

575 Dim dupwp As New Polyline()

576 If r = 1 Then tV.Reverse

577 dupwP.Add(pt)

578 dupwP.Add(pt + tv)

579 If dupWP.Length < .5 Then

580 print("FUCK")

581 Continue For 582 EndIf

583 tempWP.Add(dupwP)

584 tempPath.Add(p)

585 tempGen.Add(1)

586 canNetLength += tv.Length

587 Next

588 Continue For 589 End If 590

591 '-----------------------------------dying into canal / coast-----------------------------------

592 Dim crv_can As curve = can.ToNurbsCurve

593 dbl = 0

594 If gen.Branch(i) item(j) <= 7 Then 595 Dim cv As New Vector3d

596 If crv_can.ClosestPoint(agP, dbl, seg * 5) Then 597 cv = New Vector3d(crv_can.PointAt(dbl) - agP)

598

599 If cv.Length < seg * 1.3 - 1 Then

600 stopper.Branch(i).item(j) = 1

601 agP = crv_can.PointAt(dbl)

602 canNetLength += cv.Length

603 wP.add(agP)

604 End If

605 cv /= cv.Length * (50 / (cv.Length + 50))

606 v += cv

607 End If 608 If stopper.Branch(i) item(j) = 1 Then Continue For

609

610 Dim min As Double = Double.PositiveInfinity

611 Dim pb As point3d = wp.Last

612 For r As int32 = 0 To trail.BranchCount - 1

613 Dim ghR As GH_Path = trail.Path(r)

614 For q As int32 = 0 To trail.Branch(r) Count - 1

615 If q = j AndAlso i = r Then Continue For

616 Dim cl As point3d = trail.Branch(r).item(q).closestpoint(wp.Last)

617 Dim d As Double = cl.DistanceTo(wp.Last)

618 If d < min Then

619 min = d

620 pb = cl

621 End If 622 Next 623 Next

624 cv = New Vector3d(pb - agP)

625 If cv.Length < 200 AndAlso cv.Length > 0 Then 626 If cv.Length < seg * 1.3 - 1 Then 627 stopper.Branch(i).item(j) = 1 628 canNetLength += cv.Length 629 wP.add(pb)

630 End If 631 End If 632 EndIf 633 If stopper.Branch(i) item(j) = 1 Then Continue For 634 '----------------------------------635 '-----------------------------------

636 If gen.branch(i).item(j) <= 3 Then 637 agp -= v 638 Dim tcv As vector3d = can.TangentAt(can.ClosestParameter(agp)) 639 If vector3d.VectorAngle(v, tcv) < math.PI / 2 Then tcv.Reverse

640 tcv +=New vector3d(can.ClosestPoint(agp) - agp)

641 tcv *= 1 / tcv.Length

642 v += tcv * .5 643 v.Unitize

644 v *= seg

645 agp += v 646 End If 647 '----------------------------------648 649 '-----------------------------------

650 'avoiding the boundary 651 If bounds.ClosestPoint(agP, dbl, seg * 3) AndAlso count > 3 Then'OrElse gen.Branch(i).item(k) Then 652 agp -= v 653 Dim rev As vector3d = bounds.TangentAt(dbl)

654 If vector3d.VectorAngle(rev, v) > math.PI / 2 Then rev.Reverse 655 v += rev * .75

656 rev = New vector3d(agP - bounds.PointAt(dbl)) 657 rev.Unitize 658 v += rev 659 v.Rotate((rhinomath.ToRadians(70) - rhinomath.ToRadians(50) ) * rnd + rhinomath.ToRadians(50 ctor3d.ZAxis)

660 agP += v 661 EndIf 662 '----------------------------------663

664 If stopper.Branch(i) item(j) = 1 Then Continue For 665 secFlag.Add(False, ghi) 666 667 canNetLength += seg 668 669 wP.Add(agP) 670 trail.Branch(i) item(j) = wP 671 672 Next 673 Next 674 '----------------------------------675 '-----------------------------------

676 If tempPath.Count > 0 Then 677 For i As int32 =0 To tempPath.Count - 1 678 stopper.Add(0, tempPath.item(i)) 679 trail.Add(tempWP.item(i), tempPath.item(i)) 680 gen.Add(tempGen.item(i), tempPath.item(i)) 681 secFlag.Add(False, tempPath.item(i)) 682 Next 683 genW += 1 684 End If

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168 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

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685 '-----------------------------------

686 '-----------------------------------

687 'clean up! remove lines < specified tolerances 688 689 '-----------------------------------

690 End If 691

692 'print(trail.BranchCount)

693 End Sub 694 '---------------------------------

695 '---------------------------------

(bld(3)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(9)) + bld(8).distanceto(bld(7)))

753 End If

754 sf = math.Max(areaa(i) / 800, sclfac)

755 tr.transform(transform.Scale(tr.Center, math.Sqrt(sf)))

756 recL.item(i) = tr

757 outRec.Add(tr)

758 bldL.item(i) = bld

759 areaL.item(i) = areaa(i)

760 ' addpop += math.Round((arrpop(i) * sf) / 25)

761 ' addpopL.item(i) = arrpop(i)

762 Next

763 End Sub

696 Sub resize(ByVal sclfac As Double, ByVal sc As polyline, ByVal cancen As Polyline, ByVal AggCir As List(Of circle), ByVal attstrat As Boolean)

697

698 'addpop = 0

699 outRec.Clear

700

701 Dim dL As New List(Of Double)

702 If attstrat Then

703 For i As int32 = 0 To recL.Count - 1

704 Dim rec As rectangle3d = recL.item(i)

705 Dim min As Double = Double.PositiveInfinity

706 For j As int32 = 0 To aggpoly.Count - 1

707 Dim pj As New Polyline(aggpoly.item(j))

708 Dim d As Double = rec.Center.DistanceTo(pj.ClosestPoint(rec.Center))

709 If d < min Then min = d

710 Next

711 dL.Add(min)

712 Next

713 Else If attstrat = False Then

714 For i As int32 = 0 To recL.Count - 1

715 Dim rec As rectangle3d = recL.item(i)

716 Dim min As Double = Double.PositiveInfinity

717 For j As int32 = 0 To aggcir.Count - 1

718 Dim cj As Circle = aggcir.item(j)

719 Dim d As Double = cj.Center.distanceto(rec.Center)

720 If d < min Then min = d

721 Next

722 dL.Add(min)

723 Next

724 End If 725

726

727

728 Dim bldA() As polyline = bldL.toarray

729 array Sort(dl.ToArray, bldA)

730 Dim arrRec() As Rectangle3d = recL.ToArray

731 array Sort(dl.ToArray, arrRec)

732 Dim arrOr() As Double = areaOr.ToArray 733 array Sort(dl.ToArray, arrOr)

734 'Dim arrPop()As Double = addpopL.ToArray 735 Dim areaa() As Double = areaL.toarray

736 array.Sort(areaa)

737 array.Reverse(areaa)

738 'array.Reverse(arrpop)

739

740 For i As int32 = 0 To bldA.Length - 1

741 Dim ar As Double arrOr(i)

742 Dim sf As Double = areaa(i) / ar

743 areaOR.item(i) = arrOr(i) * sf

744 Dim bld As Polyline = bldA(i)

745 bld.Transform(transform.Scale(arrRec(i).center, math.Sqrt(sf)))

746 Dim tr As New Rectangle3d

747 If bld.Count = 7 Then

764 '---------------------------------

765 '---------------------------------

766 Sub roads(ByVal growth As Double, ByVal startRL As List(Of Polyline), ByVal existRL As List(Of polyline), B yVal canL As List(Of polyline), ByVal cityLimit As polyline, ByVal aggCir As List(Of circle))

767

768 If count Mod math.Ceiling(conRate * div) = 0 Then genR += 1

769

770 Dim flipL As New LIst(Of int32)

771 flipL.add(1)

772 flipL.add(-1)

773

774 Dim blockwidth As Int32 = 100

775

776 Dim RroadL As New List(Of polyline)

777 Dim RageL As New List(Of int32)

778 Dim RtfL As New List(Of Boolean)

779

780 Dim avdL As New List(Of Polyline)

781 avdL.addrange(canL)

782 avdL.AddRange(existRL) 783 avdl.AddRange(trail.AllData)

784

785 '--------------------------remove Short roads----------------------------

786 Dim remL As New List(Of int32)

787

788 Dim c As Int32 = 0

789 Dim dead As int32 = 0

790 For i As int32 = 0 To roadL.Count - 1

791 If tfl.item(i) Then 792 dead += 1

793 If roadL.item(i).length < blockwidth Then 794 remL.Add(i - c)

795 c += 1

796 End If 797 End If 798 Next

799

800 For i As int32 = 0 To remL.Count - 1 801 Dim re As int32 = remL.item(i)

802 roadL.removeat(re)

803 agel.removeat(re)

804 tfl.removeat(re)

805 tvalT.RemovePath(re)

806 tvalT.RenumberPaths 807 Next

808

809 RroadL.AddRange(roadL)

810 rageL.addRange(ageL) 811 RtfL.addrange(tfl)

812 '------------------------------------------------------

813

748 tr = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(5)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)), bld(1).distanceto( bld(2)))

749 ElseIf bld.Count = 9 Then

814 '--------------------------calculate rate And div number---------------------------815 If curpop > 50000 Then 816 Dim curnetlen As Double = 3.560661781 * (curpop ^ .77)

817

750 tr = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(7)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)), bld(0).distanceto( bld(7)) + bld(6).distanceto(bld(5)))

818 seg = (curnetlen - roadnetlen) / conrate

819

751 Else

752 tr = New Rectangle3d(New plane(bld(0), bld(1), bld(9)), bld(0).distanceto(bld(1)) + bld(2).distanceto

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820 print("seg length before is: " & seg) 821 If count = n Then

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REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA

BOLETÍN DIARIO DEL ESTADO DEL TIEMPO

170 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection AÑO:2012 MES:ENERO DIA:7 TEMPERATURA(°C) PRECIPITACIÓN(mm)DIASCONLLUVIAFENÓMENOMEDMAXMIN ESTACIONDIAACUMULADOPROMEDIOACUMULADOPROMEDIOMETEOROLÓGICODIADIADIA AEROPUERTO7ENELMESMENSUALENELMESMENSUALRELEVANTE778 San Andrés 10.994.295.0719Lloviznas26.928.723.8 Providencia 3.059.674.0619Lluvias26.727.523.6 Santa Marta 0.00.07.000Bruma27.932.821.4 Cartagena 0.00.08.001Bruma26.830.823.5 Barranquilla 0.00.05.000Neblina26.631.124.5 Riohacha 0.00.01.001Bruma26.732.021.8 Valledupar 0.00.013.001Bruma27.833.922.0 Montería 0.00.03.001Neblina29.633.422.0 Barrancabermeja 0.025.140.025Bruma28.632.824.3 Bucaramanga 0.06.052.027Bancosdeniebla21.225.318.4 Cúcuta 0.019.438.047Lloviznas25.129.222.0 Apartadó 21.2109.797.0410Lloviznasaisladas26.431.223.0 Medellín

Rionegro 0.050.050.0313Bruma16.421.113.0 Pereira 0.044.5122.0514Lluviasfuerte21.625.817.9 Armenia

Ibagué

Cali

Neiva

Pasto/Chachagüí 4.591.387.0612Lluviasfuerte17.923.015.4 Ipiales 0.035.883.0518Lluvias11.918.27.4 Quibdó 7.0336.5558.0724TormentayLluvias25.731.223.2 Arauca 0.00.010.001Bruma27.433.421.6 Puerto Carreño 0.00.012.002Parcialmentenublado29.934.623.8 Villavicencio 1.432.158.037Lloviznas27.531.421.8 Leticia 0.066.1350.0524TormentayLluvias25.832.623.3

0.419.555.0610Lloviznas21.625.818.0

0.284.7117.0510Lloviznas20.726.618.6

4.440.079.0312Niebla22.927.318.3 Bogotá Eldorado 1.75.932.038TormentayLluvias14.420.910.3

0.015.448.049Lluvias23.029.419.6

1.723.8100.0410Lluvias27.531.722.8

MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, VIVIENDA Y DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL INSTITUTO DE HIDROLOGÍA, METEOROLOGÍA Y ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES ** I D E A M ** GRUPO DE METEOROLOGÍA AERONÁUTICA

VERIFICACIÓN

ESTACIONES

171 Appendices// Tables 8.2 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 SP PV SM CG BQ RH VP MR EJ BG CC LC MD RG PE AR IB BO CL NV PS IP UI UC PC VV LT

media maxima minima

172 (RE) CONNECT - (River Ecology) Urban Connection

173