Kilimanjaro forest plantation by BAKARI R. KACHEUKA ( +255 676510464 )

United Republic of Tanzania MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM TANZANIA FORESTRY SERVICES AGENCY

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR NORTH

KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION 2013/14-20017/18

APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION This Management plan for North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation has been compiled by the Plantation Manager and approved by the Chief Executive of Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. Compiled by: Julius M. Mkumbo Manager - North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation Approved by; Juma S. Mgoo Chief Executive

Approving date: August 2013

Signature..........................

Distribution of Copies The plantation Manager shall produce 17 copies of the approved plan which shall be distributed as follows; - Forest Plantation Manager -NKFP Rongai (2); - Chief Executive (10); - Forest Training Institute Olmotonyi (1); - Forestry Industries Training Institute (1); - Sokoine University of Agriculture (1); - TAFORI (1); - TTSA (1);

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This plan describes the management objectives of North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation for the period of five years from 2013/14 to 2017/18. The goals of this management plan are: to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users; and to ensure that protective functions of forests are observed all over the area under the plantation management thereby conserving water sources, enhancing ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. In order to achieve these goals during the planed period replanting of open areas will be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approve felling schedules. Furthermore riverines will be left undisturbed during forest resources harvesting activities for about 50m on both sides. The forest plantation will also ensure protection of natural forests and biodiversity in slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The other conservation activities include protection against cultivation on steep slopes and on water sources. The development of this plan was guided by existing policies and laws, ecological and socio-economic studies conducted inside and outside the plantation, information from existing documents/ files and personal communications with key stakeholders. Data for this plan was collected by the Forest Inventory Section in collaboration with North Kilimanjaro Forest Management. Field work took place in November, 2012; this data provided information for determination of standing and allowable volume. The standing volume was 685,551mÂł. The age class distribution of the plantation is uneven meaning that the forest is not normal. Therefore the objective of this plan is to regulate the forest to attain normal forest. In order to have a normal forest, harvesting will not exceed allowable cut. In this forest allowable cut has been estimated to be 37, 410.054 m3/year. During the planning period the main species to be planted at North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantations includes Pinus patula,Cupressus lusitanica,Eucalyptus Spp,Grevillea robusta,J.procera, Acacia spp and Cedrela spp . The choice of species is based on performance and demand. Land preparation will be done by taungya system. Planting will be done during the short rains (November-December) and if not completed planting will be continued during the long rains in March to April. Planting and beating up targets for the planning period is 853ha and 250ha respectively. Also planting of 462 ha will be done in the extension area. A total of 24 compartments will be planted in the plan period. Weeding in young plantations will also be done through taungya system for three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation will be manual. Pruning will be done at the age of 4, 6 and 8 years during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. First thinning at 10 yrs and second at 15yrs will be done for stands that were established with a spacing of 3m x 3m. For stands that were established with a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m, there will be three thinning regimes, which are first at 10yrs, second at 14yrs and third at 18yrs. The methods to be used for thinning will be selective. Trees to be removed will be marked before harvesting. During the planning period there will be no new road construction. The road will be of murrum standard. In the same period the plantation will maintain about 270km of forest roads. The intention is to maintain all the roads to make the plantation accessible whenever possible. ii

There will be a construction of 2 buildings in the forest ranges with an extension area. One building will be constructed during the period of 2014/15 and the other building will be constructed in year 2015/16. At the same time maintenance of the 44 buildings will be done throughout the plan period. A total of 6 vehicle, 1 plant and 4 motor cycles will be maintained. Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period. The Forest Manager will request replacement of 3 vehicles. Equipment, vehicles and machinery earmarked for disposition will be sold out during the planning period. Also the Forest Plantation will improve communication facilities by purchasing of TV and Radio sets. The use of mobile phones is also encouraged as it facilitates the communication between staff and other plantation stakeholders for official and private purposes. Taped water from rivers will continue to supply water for both domestic and nursery use. The system to be used under the plan period will be water flows by gravity to the main tank located at high elevation at the station through pipelines, and flows to the nursery and to the staff houses. However, the water system is old and during the planning period will be rehabilitated. In order to improve NKFP social services of staff and their families, the management will support the Rongai, Kamwanga, Nalemuru and Endoneti primary schools whenever necessary. The forest management will also encourage and support workers and their families to participate in sports and games such as football and netball. The plantation manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 19 staff. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises. In the planning period, a total of 30 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that all staff are competent in their working areas. A total of Tsh 5,091,834,251.00 will be collected from the sale of forest produces during the plan period. However, the plantation should also try to create other sources of revenues such as camping sites and ecotourism. Staff salaries will continue to be paid by the TFS. During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire, diseases and pests. Natural forests that cover 504.74ha and mostly located along the rivers and on valleys will be protected and conserved for their biodiversity and water catchment values During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of TSh. 1,765,383,983.00 for implementing planned operations as detailed in Tables 26, 27, 28 to 29.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The management of North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation wishes to extend its deep appreciation to the entire management staff for their tireless support during updating this plan. Sincere gratitude goes to forest adjacent communities and squatters as well as different institutions such as KINAPA, NOFIA and District authorities for their valuable information and ideas that had given this document much value. We also wish to extend our sincere gratitude to NAFORMA team for data collected and analysis in the process of updating this management plan. The administrative and financial support provided by TFS of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism enabled to have this plan in place is highly appreciated.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION........................................................................................................................ i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLE..................................................................................................................................................xi LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................................................................... xii LIST APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................ xii INRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.0.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST PLANTATION..................................................................................... 1

1.1.

LOCATION......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.

HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION................................................................................ 1

1.2.1

History............................................................................................................................................. 1

1 .2.1.1. Division of the Plantation................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1.3 Legal Status and Ownership.............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Progress of the plantation for the previous management Plan.............................................................. 2 1.3. Land 3 1.3.1. Area....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Topography and hydrology.................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3. Geology and Soils.................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.4. Natural Vegetation................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.5. Biodiversity Potentials........................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.6. Special feature and Sites....................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. CLIMATE.................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Rainfall Distribution and Reliability........................................................................................................ 4 1.4.2. Temperature.......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. GROWING STOCK...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.1 Forest inventory ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.2 Inventory Results ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Growth and yield.................................................................................................................................... 9 v

1.5.1.1 Site Classes.......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.5.1.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI)........................................................................................................ 10 1.5.1.3 Allowable Cut.................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1.4. Health and Vitality............................................................................................................................ 11 1.5.1.5. Management Units........................................................................................................................... 11 1.6. UTILIZATION............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.6.1. Markets............................................................................................................................................... 11 1.6.2. Logging................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.6.3 Other use of forest land....................................................................................................................... 11 1.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION................................................................................................ 12

1.7.1.

Forest Fires..................................................................................................................................... 12

1.7.2.

Man and domestic Animal............................................................................................................. 12

1.7.3.

Wild Animals.................................................................................................................................. 12

1.7.4. Pests and Diseases............................................................................................................................... 12 1.8. Capital investment.................................................................................................................................. 13 1.8.1. Roads................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.8.2. Buildings.............................................................................................................................................. 13 1.8.3. Plants and Equipment......................................................................................................................... 13 1.8.4. Communication facilities..................................................................................................................... 14 1.8.5. Water Supply....................................................................................................................................... 14 1.9. Administration........................................................................................................................................ 14 1.9.1. Organization........................................................................................................................................ 14 1.9.2. Manning levels ................................................................................................................................... 14 1.9. 3

Social Services................................................................................................................................ 15

1.9.4. Education............................................................................................................................................. 15 1.9.5 Health................................................................................................................................................... 16 1.9.6. Religion................................................................................................................................................ 16 1.9.7. Power supply....................................................................................................................................... 16 1.9.8. Social facilities and entertainment...................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................................................................... 18

2.0. DIRECTIVE............................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1. Overall goal............................................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.1 Wood production................................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.2

Conservation.................................................................................................................................. 18

2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.1. Silviculture........................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.2. Capital investments............................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.3. Human resources................................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.4. Revenue generation............................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.5. Utilisation............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.6. Protection and conservation............................................................................................................... 19 2.2.7. Resources assessment......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.

STRATEGIC TARGETS....................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1.

Silviculture..................................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1.1. Species.............................................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.1.2. Planting Area ................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.4. Nursery operations........................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.5. Tending operations.......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.5.1. Thinning......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.5.2 Pruning.......................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.

CAPITAL INVESTMENT.................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.1.

Roads............................................................................................................................................ 21

2.4.2.

Buildings........................................................................................................................................ 22

2.4.3.

Communication facilities............................................................................................................... 22

2.4.4

Vehicles, plants and equipments................................................................................................... 22

2.4.5. Water supply....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.6. Health and social services................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.

HUMAN RESOURCES...................................................................................................................... 22

2.5.1.

Manning levels............................................................................................................................... 22

2.5.2.

Training needs................................................................................................................................ 22

vii

2.6.

REVENUE GENERATION.................................................................................................................. 23

2.7.

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION................................................................................................ 23

2.7.1

Forest fires..................................................................................................................................... 23

2.7.2.

Man and domestic animals............................................................................................................ 23

2.7.3

Wild animals................................................................................................................................. 23

2.7.4

Pests and Diseases......................................................................................................................... 23

2.8.

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................ 24

2.8.1

Survey and mapping ..................................................................................................................... 24

2.8.2

Inventory........................................................................................................................................ 24

2.8.3.

Survival Assessment....................................................................................................................... 24

2.8.4.

Assessment for Harvesting............................................................................................................ 24

2.9.

RESEARCH...................................................................................................................................... 24

2.9.1

Research areas/problems for research.......................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER THREE............................................................................................................................................ 26 3.0.

PRESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................... 26

3.1.

SILVICULTURE................................................................................................................................. 26

3.1.1.

Nursery operations........................................................................................................................ 26

3.1.1.1. Species selection............................................................................................................................ 26 3.1.1.3. Seedlings raising techniques.......................................................................................................... 26 3.1.1.4. Nursery tending techniques........................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1.4. 1 Watering regime............................................................................................................................ 27 3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary / health operations........................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out..................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.2.

Planting.......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1.3

Survival assessment for replanting and beating up....................................................................... 29

3.1.4 Tending operations........................................................................................................................ 29 3.1.4.1 Weeding......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.4.2

Pruning.......................................................................................................................................... 29

3.1.2.4.3 Thinning......................................................................................................................................... 31

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3.2

ROADS............................................................................................................................................ 32

3.2.1

Construction.................................................................................................................................. 32

3.2.2. Maintenance.................................................................................................................................. 32 3.3.

BUILDINGS.................................................................................................................................... 32

3.3.1.

Construction.................................................................................................................................. 32

3.3.2

Maintenance.................................................................................................................................. 32

3.4.

VEHICLES, PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS................................................................................ 32

3.4.1.

Procurement.................................................................................................................................. 32

3.4.2. Maintenance.................................................................................................................................. 32 3.4.3

Disposition..................................................................................................................................... 33

3.5.

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES........................................................................................................ 33

3.6.

WATER SUPPLY............................................................................................................................... 33

3.7.

SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES...................................................................................................... 33

3.8.

HUMAN RESOURCES...................................................................................................................... 34

3.9.

REVENUE GENERATION.................................................................................................................. 34

3.9.1. Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings...................................................................... 34 3.9.2

Forecasted total revenues during the planning period.................................................................. 34

3.9.2.

Control of Revenues....................................................................................................................... 36

3.10.

UTILISATION................................................................................................................................... 36

3.10.1. Harvesting Plans ............................................................................................................................ 36 3.10.1.1 Clear felling.................................................................................................................................... 36 3.10.1.2 Thinning......................................................................................................................................... 37 3.10.2. Sales............................................................................................................................................... 39 3.10.2.1. Prices............................................................................................................................................. 39 3.10.2.2. Markets.......................................................................................................................................... 40 3.11.

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION................................................................................................ 41

3.11.1 Fire Prevention and Control........................................................................................................... 41 3.11.2. Control plan for diseases and pests............................................................................................... 42 3.11.3 Soil and Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................... 42 3.11.3 Animal and Man Damage.............................................................................................................. 42

3.12

SITE RESTORATION ........................................................................................................................ 42

3.13

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................ 43

CHAPTER FOUR.............................................................................................................................................. 45 4.0

BUDGET ESTIMATES....................................................................................................................... 45

SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES (TSHS) FOR THE ENTIRE PLANNING PERIOD.......................... 51

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 52

Operations..................................................................................................................................... 73

CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 74 5.0

Form 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 74

5.1.

Fire causes..................................................................................................................................... 75

5.1.2. Vulnerable areas............................................................................................................................ 75 5.1.3. Fire protection measures (permanent measures)......................................................................... 75 5.1.4

Location of fire breaks................................................................................................................... 76

5.1.5 Communication.............................................................................................................................. 76 5.1.5.1. Roads............................................................................................................................................. 76 5.1.5.2. Telephone...................................................................................................................................... 76 5.1.5.3 Equipment..................................................................................................................................... 76 5.1.5.4. Shamba allocation ......................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.5.5. Responsibility of staff..................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.5.6. Burning regulations........................................................................................................................ 77 5.1.5.7. Training.......................................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.5.8. Maintenance of fire equipment..................................................................................................... 77 5.1.5.9. Fire fighting.................................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.5.11. Fire report...................................................................................................................................... 78

LIST OF TABLE Table 1: The areas planted and harvested areas during the last six years period..........................................5 Table 2: Harvesting Trend...............................................................................................................................6 Table 3: Revenue Collection Trend..................................................................................................................6 Table 4: Standing volume by Age class......................................................................................................... 11 Table 5: Volume by species...........................................................................................................................12 Table 6: Site Class Distribution by Species....................................................................................................15 Table 7: Compartments to be thinned and Clear felled in the plan period..................................................16 Table 8: Status of buildings at North Kilimanjaro Forest plantation.............................................................21 Table 9: Status of Plants and vehicles at North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation.............................................21 Table 10: GROUNDED......................................................................................................................................22 Table 11: Manning level at North Kilimanjaro forest plantation....................................................................23 Table 12: Planting targets for North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation FY 2013/14-2017/18..............................29 Table 13: Thinning schedule for Pinus patula and C. Lustanica......................................................................30 Table 14: Pruning Schedule for P.patula and C. Lustanica..............................................................................31 Table 15: List of compartments and area to be planted in the plan period...................................................40 Table 16: Species distribution by area............................................................................................................41 Table 17: List of compartments to be pruned during the planned period.....................................................43 Table 18: Vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period...........................................................47 Table 19: Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan 2013/14-2017/18...............49 Table 20: Summary of Forecasted Revenue (TZS............................................................................................50 Table 21: Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2017/18.........................................................................51 Table 22: Compartments and volumes to be clear felled during planning period.........................................52 Table 23: Compartments and volumes to be thinned in North Kilimanjaro during the planning period....53 Table 24: Current prices for forest produce....................................................................................................56 Table 25: List of main customers for the planning period.............................................................................58 Table 26: Procurement, running and maintenance of Vehicles and Plants....................................................63 Table 27: Maintenance construction of buildings and other installations.....................................................64 Table 28: Office administration.......................................................................................................................65 Table 29: Silviculture, Roads and Protection Needs.......................................................................................69

LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: Monthly mean rainfall (1994-2012)- Rongai Forest Station............................................................. 9 Figure 2: Age class by area distribution, North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation (2013).................................. 12 Figure 3: Growing stock by species at North Kilimanjaro Forest plantation 2013........................................ 13

LIST APPENDICES Appendix 1: A MAP SHOWNING NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION.......................................... 70 Appendix 2: ANNUAL RAIN FALL NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PALANTATION FOR PAST

YEAR (1994 -2012)................................................................................................................. 71

Appendix 3: North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation organization chart........................................................ 73 Appendix 4: COMPARTMENT REGISTER FOR NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION........................ 74 Appendix 5: CALENDER FOR ANNUAL NURSERY OPERATIONS NORTH KILIMANJARO

FOREST PLANTATION.............................................................................................................. 95

Appendix 6: MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMS................................................................................................ 96 Appendix 7: FIRE PLAN............................................................................................................................... 97

xii

INRODUCTION Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) agency is faced by the challenge of ensuring sustainable management of forest resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Management Plan is one of the most important instruments to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM) practices. The 1998 National Forest Policy statements (1); (6); (18); and (20) and their subsequent directions indicate the need for management of all types of forest reserves based on forest management plans. Furthermore, part III of the forest Act provides legal backing and describes how planning and management can be achieved through Management plans for all types of forests. The Management Plan is a framework document detailing actions to be undertaken to reach and achieve specified goals and objectives. It contains four main sections namely, descriptive, directive, prescriptive and appendices sections. Management Plans provide the basis for preparation of Annual Plans of Operations (APOs) for each of the five years of the management plan. The first APO is included in the management plan while the subsequent APOs are prepared and approved separately for each year. This document describes the Management Plan for North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantations in Rombo District, Moshi Tanzania. The plan will be implemented in the next 5-year management period from 2013/14 to 2017/18. The principles species in these plantations that are used for sawlogs, chiplogs and poles are: i. Hardwoods: Eucalyptus maidenii, Grevilea robusta, Cedrela sp and Acacia sp, and ii. Softwoods: Pinus patula, Juniperus procera and Cupressus lusitanica species. The plantations also provide withies and firewood. On the implementation of this Management Plan, the Forest Manager shall observe the following;i. ii.

iii. iv. v. vi.

Read and clearly understand the contents of the plan; Carefully make use of all forestry resources i.e land, trees, labour, funds, tools, machines and equipment in the right time and manner so as to obtain maximum achievement of objectives as stipulated herein; Choose the shortest effective and efficient methods to achieve maximum targets stipulated in this plan; Be prepared to take risks in order to achieve planned objectives; Ensure that the best returns (Revenue or Production) against all marketable resources or products are achieved while ensuring environmental conservation; and Organise jobs and weigh the results by giving a close follow up of the planned jobs by keeping up to date information for comparison and control of targets and costs.

This Management Plan is valid for the period of 5 years effective from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. Revision of this plan shall be done six months before expiry of the five years period.

xiii

CHAPTER

xiv

CHAPTER ONE 1.0. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST PLANTATION 1.1. LOCATION North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation is situated in the Northern part of Tanzania between latitudes 3º05’ and 3º15’ South and Longitudes 37º 15’ and 420 00’ East. It lies on the lower northern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve at altitudes between 1800 and 2250 meters above sea level (m. a. s. l.). The plantation is accessed about 120 km from Moshi Town in Rombo District, Kilimanjaro Region bordering with the Republic of Kenya. 1.2. HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION 1.2.1 History The Forest Plantation was established in 1926 under licensed cultivators (squatter system), with the aim of replacing indigenous timber trees, mainly Cedar and Podo with fast growing softwood plantation (Pine and Cypress) to supply wood produce as raw materials to sawmillers. From 1926 to 1967, a total of 4,427 ha of forest plantations were established and between 1967 and 1979, a total of 875 ha. Later in 1985, 722.26 ha were planted at Tarakea and Nanjara. There is an area of about 462 ha with grassland (glade) which has been set aside in Nanjara range for forest plantation extension. Unplanted area is 110 ha while buffer zones and fire lines constitute an area of area of 968ha and natural forest 504.74ha. Resurvey was conducted in 2009/2010 to separate North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation with KINAPA and Rombo District Forest due to change of management regime since all former Kilimanjaro catchment forests were now managed by KINAPA. As a result of resurvey we have a new map JB 2875 and the forest area to date is 8069ha. The new map has a boundary length of 79.16km. The boundary is clearly marked on the ground and marked by beacons and boundary trees. Area bordering with national park was cleared to distinguish natural forest and plantation forest. 1 .2.1.1. Division of the Plantation The plantation is divided into six blocks to make easier for management. (i)

Kamwanga Block Kamwanga block was started in 1955 with an area of 13.44ha planted with species of Cupressus lustanica and Cupressus benthamii. The Kamwanga block to date has a total area of 1,357.37ha. (ii) Endoneti Block Endonet block was started in 1951 with an area of 951.4ha planted with species of Cupressus lustanica. The Endonet block to date has a total area of 1,002.59ha. (iii) Rongai Block Rongai block was started in 1926 with an area of 223ha planted with species of Cedar and Cupressus lustanica The Rongai block to date has a total area of 1,436.30ha. (iv) Nalemuru Block 1

Nalemuru block was started in 1954 with an area of 458ha under Squatters system, the Area was planted with species of Pinus patula. The Nalemuru block to date has a total area of 1,734ha. (v) Tarakea Block The Tarakea block has a total area of 407ha. (vi) Nanjara Block The Nanjara block has a total area of 427.4ha. 1.2.1.3 Legal Status and Ownership The Forest and the land are owned by the Government of Tanzania with the main objective of environmental protection, supply of wood material and provision of employment to the surrounding people. The land was gazetted under Government Notice No. 227 of 1940. The plantation area and boundaries are shown on map No. JB 2875 (Appendix No. 1). North Kilimanjaro forest plantation was owned by Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) but now is under the ownership of Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) which was established by the Government Notice No. 269 of 30th July 2010. 1.2.2 Progress of the plantation for the previous management Plan The performance of the forest plantation for the last five years was good. However, the performance was affected by various challenges which include; inadequate forest staff to execute forest operations according to the APOs; obsolete and inadequate vehicles for different operations; very high running and maintenance costs of old vehicles and machines; delay or failure to get trees seeds from Tree Seed Agency (TTSA); illegal grazing of livestock in the plantations and cutting of trees. The summary of performance of the plantation is shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below. Table 1:The areas planted and harvested areas during the last six years period Year

Targets of Seedlings raised

No. of Seedlings raised

Targets of tree planting (ha)

Achievements (ha)

% Achieved

2007/2008

400,000

158

289

183

2008/2009

406,000

150

336

224

2009/2010

554,000

300

422

141

2010/2011

508,945

300

370

123

2011/2012

340,543

300

100

2012/2013

373,500

300

447

149

3,891,565

2,466

2,906

118

TOTAL

Table 2: Harvesting Trend HERVESTING OPERATION CLEARFELLING (MÂł) THINNING (MÂł) TOTAL:

2009/2010

2010/2011

2011/2012

2012/2013

25,000

15,000

5,000

10,000

5,000

15,000

10,000

25,000

20,000

Table 3: Revenue Collection Trend YEAR

TARGET FOREST ROYALTY (TSHS).

LMDA (TSHS)

ACHIEVEMENT TOTAL (TSHS)

FOREST ROYALTY (TSHS).

LMDA (TSHS)

TOTAL (TSHS)

2007/2008

820,138,000.00

326,000,000.00

1,146,138,000.00

659,640,131.00

346,934,680.00

1,006,574,811.00

2008/2009

444,000,000.00

320,000,000.00

764,000,000.00

488,546,030.00

340,515,530.00

829,061,560.00

112

2009/2010

348,475,000.00

255,000,000.00

603,475,000.00

428,246,466.00

258,300,600.00

686,547,066.00

114

2010/2011

262,240,000.00

215,000,000.00

477,240,000.00

265,261,904.00

153,277,550.00

418,539,454.00

2011/2012

262,240,000.00

215,000,000.00

477,240,000.00

407,453,005.00

235,074,137.00

642,527,142.00

134

2012/2013

190,125,000.00

231,000,000.00

421,125,000.00

303,676,798.00

200,462,681.00

606,457,921.00

144

2,327,218,000.00

1,562,000,000.00

3,889,218,000.00

2,552,824,334.00

1,534,575,178.00

4,087,399,512.00

105

TOTAL:

1.3. Land 1.3.1. Area The total area of North Kilimanjaro Forest plantation is 8,069ha, categoried as follows:- Planted area

: 6,134 ha.

- Open area for replanting

: 110 ha.

- Extension area

: 462 ha.

- Natural forest

: 504.74 ha.

- Fire lines and buffer zones

: 968 ha.

The North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation has six ranges as indicated below. i. Kamwanga Range

1,357.37ha.

ii. Endoneti Range

1,002.59ha.

iii. Rongai Range

1,436.30ha

iv. Nalemuru Range

1,734ha.

v. Tarakea Range

407ha.

vi. Nanjara Range

427.4ha.

1.3.2. Topography and hydrology Generally, the land slopes gently to the Northeast but it is cut by a number of steep and shallow valleys running towards Northeast. At Tarakea Nanjara the grassland and glades are gently sloping eastward. The elevation from the sea level ranges from 1800 to 2250 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l). The forest reserve has a high catchment value since several rivers flow through the forest plantation such as Kimengelia, Nalemuru, Kikelelwa, Tarakea, Kamwanga and Lolarashi. Moreover, several small streams originate from inside the plantation, which supply water to plantation workers and neighbouring villages households.

1.3.3. Geology and Soils Geologically, North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation comprises of volcanic soils, which originates from igneous rocks formed from volcanic activity and volcanic ashes. They are well drained and fertile. Rocks are igneous or metamorphic. The main rocks are volcanic being, basalt and tuffs with an overlying deep layer of ash. Down the stream lines coarser deposits with gravel can be found. The soils are deep, dark brown or black and well drained but easily eroded if left bare. During the dry spell the surface layer becomes powdery and dusty. The soils of the forest area are derived from volcanic ash lava as parent material which occurs to a considerable depth over a large area. Soil fertility is very high, rich in Calcium, Phosphorus and Potash but relatively poor in Nitrogen. They become â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;greasyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; during the rain season, erode easily and provide poor traction. In dry season, the surface layers become extremely powdery and dusty especially when loosened by feet, hooves or wheels. Soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 6.5.

1.3.4. Natural Vegetation The plantation was established on land previously occupied by dry montane forest and grassland. The grasses and bush cover consists of the following species Solanum limpis, Leonates sp., Lantana sp., Venonia sp., and climatis. The remnant natural forest is composed of Olea Africana (Brown olive), Juniperus procera and Acacia lahai at the forest margin of Nanjara, Tarakea, Nalemoru and Rongai. Podocarpus gracilior and Podocarpus milanjianus at higher altitudes, and dense forest belt at Kamwanga area which is rich in Fagaropsis angolensis (Green Mtua) and Hagenia abyssinica. Such species still exists in small patches along riverines and other protected areas. 1.3.5. Biodiversity Potentials The forest reserve area is rich in biodiversity especially along the river valleys in connection with Mt. Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve and Amboseli National Park in Kenya. These sites have different life forms of flora and fauna (lower and higher). Birds, insects and mammals such as Colobus and blue monkeys and antelopes are commonly seen. Natural tree spp are Podocarpus gracilior and Podocarpus milanjianus at higher altitudes, and dense forest belt which is rich in Fagaropsis angolensis (Green Mtua) and Hagenia abyssinic. 1.3.6. Special feature and Sites There are two Nature Trails for mountain climbing at Nalemuru and Kimengelia, which are currently used by Mount Kilimanjaro climbers. There is one animal corridor at Kilima Mawe which facilitates wildlife movement between Mt. Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve (Tanzania) and Amboseli Game Reserve (Kenya). 1.4. CLIMATE The climate has four distinguishable seasons namely the hot dry season (January-February), the hot wet season (March-May; November-December), the cold dry season (June-August) and the hot windy season (SeptemberOctober).

1.4.1 Rainfall Distribution and Reliability From 1994 to 2012 rainfall recorded at Rongai station indicates an average annual rainfall is 923 mm per annum (ref fig 1). The short rain season is from November-December and the long rain season from March â&#x20AC;&#x201C; May. However, in most years, short rains are heavy and reliable than long rains. Figure 1 shows the monthly mean rainfall for the period of eighteen years (1994-2012). During this period, the normal rainfall pattern has been disturbed by the el-nino phenomenon that occurred in 1997/98 (Appendix 2). 4

Figure 1:Monthly mean rainfall (1994-2012)- Rongai Forest Station 1.4.2. Temperature Short dry and hot season is from January – February (during which occasional thunderstorms may occur). Long dry and cold season is from June – October (during which the weather is cold and cloudy). Temperatures indicate minimum annual averages between 4ºC - 10ºC (June-August) and maximum at18ºC - 32ºC (Sept – October) . 1.5. GROWING STOCK According to inventory conducted on October, 2012 by NAFORMA personnel, the growing stock in terms of volume is presented in Fig. 2 below. Most of stands are in the age of 6-15 years. This depict that there is much to be done to attain normal forest by regulating allowable cut and replanting. 1.5.1 Forest inventory The forest inventory field work started in November, 2012 . Inventory methodology was designed and adopted from the first phase of the forest inventory conducted in 2007/08 with some technical modification proposed by Forest Plantation Managers in the Iringa Workshop held in June 2012. The workshop was facilitated by the ForestCalc ® Inventory version 6 © 1998–2012 software developer Lauri Vesa from Finland. The description of this methodology is detailed in the Field Manual prepared by the Forest and Beekeeping Division (URT, 2008).

1.5.2 Inventory Results North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation has a total standing volume estimated at 685,608m3. However, a large volume which constitutes 53% (Table 4) lies between the age of 11 and 15 years. This implies that large volume of the plantation is at middle age class. The distribution by age is far from being normal. This mean forestry is not normal. Table 4:Standing volume by Age class Age (yrs)

Area(ha)

Volume (mÂł)

% Age of area

% Age of volume

0 -5

1104.85

3,639.00

20.805244

0.53081

6 -10.

1548.11

191,016.00

29.152198

27.8631

11 -15.

1911.18

366,752.00

35.989108

53.4974

16 -20

679

120,852.89

12.786134

17.6286

21 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 25

42.7

883.11

0.8040765

0.13

26+

24.6

2,408.00

0.4632385

0.35125

5,310.44

685,551.00

100

TOTAL

NB: Total area excluded areas under natural forests and open area

Specieswise, Pinus patula is dominating the with a volume of 504,842M3 which is 73.64% of the total standing volume of the plantation. Table 6 shows volume distribution by species.

Table 5: Volume by species

Pinus patula is still a dominant species almost in all age class categories and constitute about 73.64% of the total forest area as shown in Fig 2. Grevillea robusta constitute 5.87% followed by Eucalyptus spp which cover 2.11%, Juniperus procera 0.17% and Cuppressus lustanica 13.379% of total forest area. Other minor species which cover 4.8%.

Figure 2: Age class by area distribution, North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation (2013)

Figure 3:Growing stock by species at North Kilimanjaro Forest plantation 2013

1.5.1 Growth and yield 1.5.1.1 Site Classes According to the year 2012 past inventory data, the compartments fall into five site classes (I â&#x20AC;&#x201C;V) depending up on the growth rate and the sites of the planted trees. This means, trees grown in site class (I â&#x20AC;&#x201C; III) had better growth rate compared to those grown in other site classes. However, P.patula dominates in all site classes. Hardwoods species were not classified. The number of compartment per species in site class I & II has declined because the plantation has entered the third rotation and soil fertility has declined. We advice that more research in yield studies should be carried out in order to determine site classes.

Table 6: Site Class Distribution by Species Site Class I II III IV V

Species

No. of Compts per species Pp Cl Pp Cl Pp Cl Pp Cl Pp Cl

15 4 13 2 35 11 24 5 26 13

Total Compts per Site Class 19 15 46 29 39

1.5.1.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI) The compartment register (Appendix 4) contains Current Annual Increments (CAI) for each compartment as extracted from the Yield Table Klitgaard and Mikkelsen (1976). The current annual increments were adjusted proportionally to stocking levels as follows: CAI = (Actual SPH/Yield Table SPH) x Yield Table CAI Compartment CAI = CAI X Compartment Area (ha) For compartments not measured during the field inventory a lower CAI of 10.44 was used. Allowable cut for the entire forest is the summation of all compartment CAIs. The current allowable cut is estimated to be about 36,331m3/year which is equivalent to a total of 200,215.29m3 for the entire five years of the plan. This volume comprises of clearfellings and thinnings. Most of the allowable cut is from clear felling. Compartments to be thinned and clear felled in the plan period are shown in Table 7, Most compartments which are due for thinning during the planning period will not be thinned due to low stocking. It has been noted that low stocking in many compartments is caused by taungya practice, illegal tree cutting and wild animals. In addition in some compartments, different age classes of trees can be observed most probably due to late beating up for several years. Under these circumstances, it makes the management of the plantation difficult because most silvicultural operations are affected. 1.5.1.3 Allowable Cut The age distribution of the plantation is uneven, which means the forest is not normal. Therefore, the objective of this plan is to try to regulate the forest to normal. The 5 years (2013/2014 – 2017/2018) allowable cut is estimated to be 187,050.27 m³ or 37,410.054 m³ per year (including both thinnings and clear-fellings). This allowable cut 96% will come from softwood and only 4% form hard wood species (Eucalyptus). It has been noted, also that all compartments (softwood) which are marked for (2nd) thinning (15 years of age) were planted in 1998, before technical order No. 1 of 2003 was operational. This means that more stems/ha will be removed in order to remain with 400 stems/ha. The planting spacing before year 2003 was 2.44mx2.44m (1,680 tree/ha) after 2003 the spacing was 3mx3m (1111stems/ha). Table 7:Compartments to be thinned and Clear felled in the plan period Year

Compartments to be thinning

Compartments for clear felling

2013/2014

NAL 281, KAM 15 ,KAM 22, KAM 85, NAL 281 KAM 10, RON 176, NAL 246, RON 198,RON 192, RON 238,EN 112, NAL 243,NAL,293

NAL 241, RON 213, NAL255,RON170, EN 137

2014/2015

KAM 31 KAM 57 KAM 67 KAM 71B , KAM 75 KAM 76, NAL 277A

NAL 289, RON 213, EN 137,EN104, RON 168B, RON 168A, EN105, RON218, RON 217, RON233, EN 96

2015/2016

NAL 264, NAL 263, NAL 252A, TAR4_1, RON 237 RON 189 ,NAL 284A ,NAL 245, EN 123A, NAL 279

NAL 274, NAL 226, EN 121

2016/2017

NAL 291, NAL 295A, NAL 295B, NAL 262

NAL 274

2017/2018

KAM 56 RON 180, EN 102A, EN 109A, EN 202B, EN120, NAL 231, RON201, EN109B, RON 184, EN 99

RON 236, RON 210, EN 122, EN 100 ,NAL 226,

1.5.1.4. Health and Vitality Some stands/ compartments of Cupressus lustanica have been affected by Cypress aphids. Also there are some compartments of G.robusta in which most trees are crooked probably due to poor seed source, thus affecting timber quality 1.5.1.5. Management Units The forest plantation is managed in units of different sizes, ages and species, which are known as compartments. There are six ranges namely Kawanga, Endonet, Rongai, Nalemuru, Tarakea and Nanjara. Each range is subdivided into compartments. Compartments are numbered 1, 2, 3,...etc, after the 1st three initial letters of the Range eg KAM. Means compt. Number 1 Kamwanga range. (See appendix 4). 1.6. UTILIZATION 1.6.1. Markets The main product from North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation is saw logs (standing timber) which are sold to the registered customers who in turn saw them into different timber sizes. Other products include; poles and firewood. The customers sell their timber and other products to Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Singida and Manyara regions. Most of the timber is used in construction works and packaging. In recent years, the demand for timber and other products in the region is high than the supply from North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation. For instance during the financial year 2013/2014 the demand from saw millers was 655,017m3 but the plantation was able to supply only 37,119.23m3, in 2012/13 the demand from saw millers was 530,230m3 the plantation was able to supply only 20,000m3 of standing volume. Also in 2011/12 customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; demand was 596,825m3, but the plantation was able to supply only 20,000m3. Supplementary supplies come from as far as Sao Hill, West Kilimanjaro and Meru/Usa plantations. 1.6.2. Logging Logging operation is carried out by registered customers (customers own logging) according to plantation logging plans. Customers are requested to pay first for felling license before they are allocated felling coupes. A coupe is equivalent to 100 m3 standing volume of which the number of trees varies according to size. Coupes are sold as standing volumes based on tariff tables prepared by the TFS. Although harvesting is done by customers, every customer has to abide to the laid rules and regulations of harvesting (tree cutting, extraction and transportation). 1.6.3 Other use of forest land Other use of forest land is crop farming by villagers surrounding the forest and staff through taungya system. Immediately after clearfelling, land is allocated to villagers and forest workers for land preparation after which agricultural crops are grown together with trees. Main crops cultivated include; irish potatoes, peas, beans and maize. Carrot cultivation is prohibited because the crop attracts elephants into the forest thus causing tree damage. However, farmers are cultivating it but the management is trying to change the altitude of farmers to accept this challenge. The taungya system reduces the management cost especially on land preparation and weeding. Normally the farmers are allowed to cultivate under taungya system for a period not exceeding four years from tree planting time.

However, despite of these advantages, taungya system has been identified as main cause of under stocking in many compartments of North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation. In this system some farmers tend to uproot young seedlings and sometimes cut young trees in order to give room to agricultural crops and extend the period for cultivation. Also farmers tend to carry out early and over pruning and thus affecting tree growth and health. Another use of forest land is cutting and collection of fodder for domesticated animals. While fodder collection reduces nutrients in the forest, its effect can be tolerated compared to allowing livestock to grazing directly in the forest. Illegal livestock grazing is however prevailing in North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation and has been one source of conflict with the communities 1.7

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

1.7.1. Forest Fires Forest fire incidences have been minimal and not pronounced to cause alarm in North Kilimanjaro forest plantation. However, fire lines are present in all compartments with little maintenance. 1.7.2. Man and domestic Animal Illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is a sporadic phenomenon in the forest, especially in stands bordering villages. Cutting is usually done at night and weekends by neighboring villagers usually for commercial purposes though some may be for home use. A range of livestock namely cattle, goats and sheep are illegally grazed in the forest by the surrounding villagers. The driving force is mainly a large number of livestock population coupled with limited land available for grazing outside the forest. Many trees especially in young stands are wounded or die as a result of being eaten by cattle and goats and debarking trees. Cattle tracks which traverse the forest uphill to the catchments area are common points of soil erosion. The main control measure which has occasionally been practiced is to round up livestock illegally grazed in the forest and fine the owners. However, it has practically proved difficult to enforce this regulation successfully due to resistance from the villagers. The result has been perpetual forest degradation in contradiction to sustainable forest management. Law enforcement alone has failed to provide solution to this predicament, thus a supplementary new approach is needed. 1.7.3. Wild Animals Wild animals found around and within the forest are Colobus monkey, blue monkey, Baboons, buffalos, waterbucks and elephants. The most serious damage in the forest is caused by the elephants which uprooting or damage the trees especially Grevillea robusta. Blue and colobus monkeys debark the top parts of trees especially Pinus patula. The broken tree shoots and barks by these animals give way to fungal and other pathogen infection in additional to physical deformation of tree stems. Other animals such as waterbucks, baboons and buffalos cause little damage. 1.7.4. Pests and Diseases Elephant cause damage to young stands especially A. molanoxlon and C. lusitanica by feeding on roots. However, this is a minor problem. The only known disease at North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation is, Grevillea stem canker caused by fungus which causes exudates and resulted to poor growth and poor quality of timber.

1.8. Capital investment 1.8.1. Roads The forest is accessible by tarmac road from Tarakea to Kamwanga about 36Km long. Network of feeder roads (50Km) reach all plantation compartments however the feeder roads within the forest plantation and generally not in good condition due to prolonged heavy rainfalls, thus requires heavy machines for maintenance. Machines were normally hired from North Kilimanjaro forest plantation. 1.8.2. Buildings The station has office building and staff quarters (54), within the plantation. However, some of them need repairs due to old age. In the ranges, there are staff quarters which also need some repairs. However some of these buildings were connected with national grid electricity. During this five years plan period, two more staff quarters will be built. (Table 8) Table 8: Status of buildings at North Kilimanjaro Forest plantation S/NO

Location

Building type

Quantity

Condition

Remarks

Rongai

Houses Grade B

Good

Repair

Rongai

Houses Grade C

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Houses Grade D

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Classroom building (ILO)

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Workshop building (ILO)

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Dormitary building (ILO)

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Dinning Hall

Good

Repair

Rongai

Rest house

Good

Repair

Rongai

Garage building

Poor

Repair

Rongai

General store building

Good

Repair

Rongai

Dispensary building

Poor

Repair

Rongai

Labour line houses

Bad

Repair

Rongai

Office building

Good

Repair

14.

Rongai

Social Hall

Good

Repair

Good

Repair

Total:

1.8.3. Plants and Equipment The plantation has five vehicles (two Toyota L/Cruiser – H/Top, one old L/Cruser pickup and two old Lorries), which are used for both administration and field operations such as tree nursery work, tree planting, road maintenance and fire fighting. However, most of these vehicles and plants are very old and therefore need to be written off. Status of vehicles at the plantation is shown in (Table 9).

RUNNING Table 9: Status of Plants and vehicles at North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation S/No

Type of Vehicle/Plant

Registration No.

Manufacturing year

Remarks

Isuzu lorry – L/base

STH 869

1989

Regular maintenance

Isuzu lorry – Tipper

STJ 9168

2003

Regular maintenance

Station Wagon

STJ 3192

2001

Regular maintenance

Pick – up

STJ 2572

1998

Regular maintenance

Station Wagon

STK 3512

2007

Regular maintenance

Table 10: GROUNDED S/No

Type of Vehicle/Plant

Registration No.

Manufacturing year

Remarks

L/Rover

STH 7291

To be disposed by selling

Ford tractor

CW 5414

1981

To be disposed by selling

1.8.4. Communication facilities The forest plantation has telephone, internet, fax and roads to and from the plantation. The plantation also owns a letter box number 40 at Tarakea post office. Communication facilities are centralised at the head office only because currently there is no power supply to sub stations (ranges). 1.8.5. Water Supply Water supplies are from the natural water sources, which are tapped for domestic uses through pipes. The supply is not adequate because of the high demand in the nurseries and residential areas. The water system will need some rehabilitation due to oldness/tear and the increasing water demand. Other water users include nearby villages of Kikelelwa, Tarakea villagers in Monduli Districts and villager in the neighbouring country Loitokitok. 1.9. Administration 1.9.1. Organization North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation is one of the 15 plantations under the Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. The forest is administered by Forest Manager who is answerable to Chief Executive (CE) of TFS. The Manager is assisted by four heads of section and ranges incharge. Heads of section and ranges in-charge constitutes the Technical and Management Committee of the forest. Appendix 3 shows the current organization structure of the forest. 1.9.2. Manning levels The forest plantation in currently manned by 49 staff having a deficit of 19 staff as shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Manning level at North Kilimanjaro forest plantation S/No.

Staff designation

Degree Holder in Forestry

Present 4

Deficit

Responsibility

Plantation Manager, Head of Silvicultural and 2 Range Incharge

Diploma Holder in Forestry

1 Head of Protection and Road section, 2 range incharges , 1 Nursery Incharge, 1 logging Section, 1 In export section , 1 store, Administration and Compound.

Certificate Holder in Forestry

1 Range In charge, 3 Range in charge assistant

Operation services (Forest assistants)

2 Check points, 2 nursery attendants, 4 Forest patrol, 3 hammer marker, 1 Rest house attendants, 15 Beat incharges

Account Assistant

1 Assistant Accountant

Drivers

Operating Vehicle 2

Technician

1 Maintenance of vehicles and plants

Watchman

1 Garage

Mother Child Health care (MCH)

2 Dispensary

Total:

1.9. 3 Social Services 1.9.4. Education There are various social services within the forest reserve which are not directly run by the management of the forest. The forest plantation has three primary schools situated at Rongai, Kamwanga and Endoneti. They receive pupils from plantation staff and squatters. Few pupils are from neighbouring villages. The school are under the management of Rombo District Council.

1.9.5 Health There is one Government dispensary at Rongai which provides medical services to Forest staff and neighbouring communities. 1.9.6. Religion There are different religious groups including Muslims, Christians and others. Mosques and Churches are found around squatter settlements. 1.9.7. Power supply The forest plantation is connected to national electric grid through Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO). The Power supply is reliable and adequate. The plantation has its own small electric generator for emergency use. 1.9.8. Social facilities and entertainment There is a small shopping centre for sundries and football pitches for soccer. The forest plantation has a social hall at Rongai, which provides refreshments and other services to staff and other people.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER TWO 2.0. DIRECTIVE 2.1. Overall goal 2.1.1 Wood production The overall goal of this management plan is to ensure sustainable supply of raw materials to forest based industries and other users. In order to achieve this goal during the planed period replanting of open areas should be done, carry out different tending operations, protect the forest against various damages, and also regulate harvesting to conform to approved felling schedules. North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation should be managed for the following purposes:(a) To tend the existing plantations so as to maintain good stands for the productions of good quality raw materials for internal market; (b) To carry out replanting in already clear felled compartments to fulfill the protection function of the Plantation Forest reserve thus to maintain soil, to conserve water, improve vegetation cover and conserve biological diversity; To utilize the wood resources as it becomes available in regulated and economic manner; (d) To ensure sustainable supply of wood for now and the future by replanting immediately clear felled compartments; and (e) To provide employment particularly to local communities and create awareness on Conservation needs of forests and environment. 2.1.2 Conservation To ensure that protective functions of forests are observed all over the area under the plantation management thereby conserving water sources, enhancing ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. Riverines are left undisturbed during forest resources harvesting activities for about 50m on both sides. The forest plantation also ensures protection of natural forests and biodiversity in foots of North Kilimanjaro forest plantation. The other conservation activities include protection against cultivation on steep slopes and on water sources.

2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.2.1. Silviculture • The objectives of the silvicultural operations are to raise improved, healthy and adequate in number of planting stock (seedlings) to replant all clear felled areas to ensure sustainable yield for the present and future generations. • Tending operations are carried out in order to get quality final crop for forest-based industries and other users. 2.2.2. Capital investments The plantation objectives in capital investments include the following: • To maintain the existing structures (buildings) so that they are in good order. • To maintain the existing vehicles and plants so that they are in good working condition. • To purchase new vehicles and plants for smooth execution of plantation programmes • To maintain the whole length of existing forest roads to allow smooth execution of forest operations. 18

•

To establish a reliable communication facility for the plantation.

2.2.3. Human resources • To improve working environment and general livelihood of workers and their families. • To develop human resources capacities in terms of skills and knowledge. • To ensure that the plantation staff and their families are in good health. • To increase the number of staff members so as to satisfy the project requirement. 2.2.4. Revenue generation In order to improve revenue generation, the plantation will endeavour: • To improve revenue collection process by intensifying control and accountability amongst the responsible officers. • To explore new sources of revenue generation such as camping and eco-tourism. 2.2.5. Utilisation The objective is to ensure that raw materials are supplied sustainably to all users. The plantation management must keep on encouraging saw millers to utilize all tree parts including short wood and stumps and branches. 2.2.6. Protection and conservation • To protect both natural and plantation forests against forest fires, illegal logging and grazing, insect • • • • • •

attack and diseases and wild life damage. To ensure that all water sources including riverine forests, steep slopes, valleys, are well protected by avoiding any kind of disturbance such as cultivation. To ensure that all forest reserve boundaries are protected from encroachment. To ensure that all inter-compartment boundaries and fire lines are maintained by slashing and screefing. To maintain biodiversity (fauna and flora) this is available in the area. To create a harmonious environment with our neighbours for good communication and support. Maintain and intensify checkpoints for proper control of forest produce transportation from the forest

2.2.7. Resources assessment • To make sure that accurate stocking, biomass, and specie-wise data are available. • To make sure that the whole plantation area is resurveyed and up-to-date maps are produced. 2.3.

STRATEGIC TARGETS

2.3.1. Silviculture 2.3.1.1. Species Pinus species will be the main species to be grown in clear-felled areas followed by Cupressus lusitanica. Other species such as Grevillea robusta, Cedrella odorata, Acacia melanoxylon, and Juniperus procera will be planted on small-scale basis to diversify tree species. Species selection is based on technical Order No. 1 of 2003 as indicated in Table No.1 under Highland Areas Zone. Seeds to be used in raising seedlings should be purchased from Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA). Due to delays in getting tree seeds from TTSA, sometimes the plantation collects tree seeds from plus trees in the plantation. Emerging sources of planting material such as the use of clones from TAFORI will also be considered. Also the choice of species will be governed by market demand, resistance of the species to diseases and suitability of the species to environment as well as its performance.

2.3.1.2. Planting Area To ensure sustained yield of wood products, the Forest management should ensure that all clear felled areas are planted on time. According to rainfall regime in Northern zone, the planting seasons are in November to December and March to April and beating up is done during the same periods. Stands establishment should continue to use taungya system but under close supervision of Forest staff. Plots in clearfelled areas earmarked for planting are allocated to both plantation staff and surrounding villagers well in advance to ensure that land preparation is done before trees are planted. Allocation of taungya plots is done by management after consultation with village governments. According to Technical Order No.1 of 2003, the spacing of 3 x 3 m. giving 1111 stems per hectare continues to be used unless directed otherwise by Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS). Taungya will continue to be practiced until canopy closure, making it impossible for further growth of food crops â&#x20AC;&#x201C; usually 3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4 years. (Table 12). Table 12: Planting targets for North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation FY 2013/14-2017/18 Financial year

2013/2014

2014/2015

2015/2016

2016/2017

2017/2018

TOTAL

170.694

853

Beating up (ha)

250

Number of seedlings

295,087

1,475,433

Planting (ha)

2.3.1.4. Nursery operations Seedlings should be raised in polythene tubes of size 10cm diameter and gauge 250 using soil mixture of 2 parts top forest soil, 6 mycorrhizal and 2 parts of cow manure (6:2:2). There is no official document directing the use of these sizes. However, these were adopted through experience and economic point of view. The amount of soil ingredients filled in pots provides enough nutrients to the seedling which stay in the nursery for at most six to seven months after which they are planted out. In addition NPK fertilizer is added at the ration of 28gms per tin of soil mixture. The main species to be raised will be Pinus patula, Eucalyptus spp, Grevillea robusta and Cupressus lustanica. According to the plantation nursery calendar (Appendix 5), seedling to be planted in November/December are raised starting from May/June while seedlings to be planted in March/ April are raised starting from August/September. Based on the size of the polythene tube of 10cm diameter. Currently there is one permanent nursery with average capacity of raising 600,000 seedlings per year. However management can establish flying nursery near the planting site in order to reduce the transportation costs. Other activities such as seed collection, soil collection, soil mixtures, pricking out, weeding, watering and root pruning will be done on task basis. 2.3.1.5. Tending operations 2.3.1.5.1. Thinning Thinning is necessary to enhance diameter increment. The thinning schedule indicated in technical order No 1 of 2003 should continue to be applied (Table 14). Due to low stocking in young stands, priority is given to second thinning during the plan period. All species planted in North Kilimanjaro Plantation except Eucalyptus require thinning. The hinning are selective and priority for removals is defective and diseased trees. Thinning is done by customers after marking of the trees to be thinned by plantation staff.

Table 13: Thinning schedule for Pinus patula and C. Lustanica S/No.

Activity

Age (yrs)

Number of Stems per hectare Before thinning

Planting

After thinning

Trees to be cut

1111

1st Thinning

1111

650

460

2 Thinning

650

400

250

Clear felling

400

Planting

1111

2.3.1.5.2 Pruning Pruning is necessary to improve wood quality. The pruning schedule in Technical order no 1 of 2003 (Table 15) should continue to be used. Pruning should be the task of the plantation management. The emphasis should be made in such that pruning should be done using pruning saws and ladders. The pruning should be done during a short dry season between January and March and during the dry period July to October. The targets for planning period next five years are as indicated in the silvicultural plan. Table 14: Pruning Schedule for P.patula and C. Lustanica Type of Pruning

P. patula

C. lustanica

Site classes

Site Classes

III

Age (yrs)

1st

3.5

2nd

5.5

3rd

7.5

4th

All tending activities will be done following technical orders from TFS. Tending operations such as weeding and access pruning will continue to be done by squatters as long as they cultivate under the young stand less than five years depending on species. Permanent staff and casual labourers will do second and third pruning according to prescriptions. 2.4.

CAPITAL INVESTMENT

2.4.1. Roads Maintenance of forest roads is done by the plantation management using funds retained at the plantation known as use Logging Miscellaneous Deposit Account (LMDA) as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Schedule 14). During the plan period, the plantation management intends to maintain roads network from 50 km to 55 km within the forest plantation and maintain existing bridges and culverts.

2.4.2. Buildings Maintenance of government buildings should follow procedures provided by the Tanzania Building Agency (TBA). Consultation is made by a letter to TBA and thereafter assessment of buildings to be maintained is conducted. After the assessment, the Bill of Quantity (BQ) is prepared and presented to the plantation management. The actual implementation is done according to approved budget and priorities. 2.4.3. Communication facilities Communication within and outside the plantation is done through letters, emails, fax, telephones, internet, meetings, verbal and office visits. 2.4.4 Vehicles, plants and equipments Maintenance of vehicle and plants should follow TEMESA guidelines as per Public Procurement Act No. 21 of 2004 and Regulation of 2005 section 59 (1 -5). The plantation writes to TEMESA describing the faults of the vehicle or plants. Thereafter, TEMESA will inspect the vehicle/plants to verify the stated faults and prepare the bill before the maintenance done. 2.4.5. Water supply The Water is supplied freely to the plantation staff, adjacent community and nearby. The water source intake is within the plantation. The management intends to repair and maintain water systems in order to satisfy supply of water for domestic users and tree nursery activities. 2.4.6. Health and social services Health services are provided by a dispensary within the forest plantation for permanent employees of the plantation by using National Health Insurance. The arrangement for temporary employees and adjacent community is to pay TZS. 2,000 as User Fee per call per person. This is according to Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Policy. The dispensary is under the management of Rombo District Council according to National health Policy.

2.5.

HUMAN RESOURCES

2.5.1. Manning levels Staff members at the forest plantation are employees of Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) and their salaries are paid directly by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT). Employment arrangement is coordinated by TFS Head Office after receiving requests from plantations. The process of employment is done by President Office â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Public Service Management. Temporary workers are employed by the plantation when required. However, these arrangements may change as to suite the act governing the establishment of government agencies. 2.5.2. Training needs The short courses are conducted according to the plantation training plan and approved budget. This includes nursery techniques, introduction to computer and maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration. The long term courses are coordinated and financed by the TFS after receiving application from the eligible staff. 22

2.6. REVENUE GENERATION The forest plantation is collecting revenue from sales of forest products and services as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December, 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14). Revenue obtained from these sources is distributed into five categories namely; Royalty which is paid to TFS, VAT (18% of royalty as per Tanzania Revenue Authority regulation), CESS (5% of the royalty as per Local Government Act of 1985)) is paid to District Councils, TFF (3% of royalty and 2% of fees as per Forest Act Na. 14 of 2002 section 79 (2)) and LMDA which is charged on top of the royalty (Tsh. 11,000 per m3 for softwood and Tsh. 22,000 per m3 for hardwood). LMDA is used by the plantation for silvicultural activities, road maintenance, maintenance of vehicles and plants, forest protection and administration. Price tariff of standing volume, stacked volume of firewood, poles, withies and forest services are charged as stipulated in the Government Notice No. 432 of December 2011 (Forest regulation 29 (1) – Schedule 14). 2.7.

PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

2.7.1 Forest fires Issues related to fire management is provided in Forest Act of 2002, Part Nine section 70 – 76 and forest regulation of 2004 part Fourteen, Section 49. These include restriction on using fire, fire extinguishing, and construction and maintenance of firebreaks. According to section 71 sub section 3 of the Forest Act, any person in the vicinity of a fire has the obligation to assist in extinguishing it. Setting fire in the forest reserve is one of the offences listed under section 26 of the Forest Act and penalties against such offences are provided in Section 84 Subsection 5 of the Forest Act. 2.7.2. Man and domestic animals Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 section 26 describes activities prohibited within the forest reserve without a license or a permit. The current illegal cutting of trees for poles, logs and firewood is unacceptable and must be prevented by enforcing Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 Section 26 and Forest Regulation of 2004 Part Two section 3-13. Culprits if apprehended should be prosecuted and their haul and products confiscated according to Sections 84, 85, 88 and 89 of the Forest Act. Section 26 and 84 subsection 3 of the Forest Act provides conditions for grazing in the forest reserve. Due to shortage of land for grazing and large number of livestock it has proved difficult to allow grazing by license in the plantation. Therefore grazing in North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation should continue to be illegal. 2.7.3 Wild animals Issues related to wild animals should be dealt in accordance with the Wildlife Act No. 5 of 2009 which directs the District Game Officer to handle the issues of destructive animals in the forest reserve. 2.7.4 Pests and Diseases Issues related to control of pests and diseases in the plantation is not provided in the forest policy, act and regulation. However, consultation is made to research institutions such as Tanzania Forest Research Institute (TAFORI) and TPRI for technical assistance. Section 63 and 64 of the Acts provide restriction of movement of timber within and outside Tanzania in order to contain and prevent the spread of any disease affecting tree, timber or other forest produce.

2.8.

RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

2.8.1 Survey and mapping Section 28 and 29 of the Act provides directives related to demarcation, consolidation, revocation and variation of the forest boundaries. Boundary consolidation entails beaconing, boundary planting and maintenance. 2.8.2 Inventory Inventory data is an input to the preparation of management plan. According to section 13 subsections 6 of the Act directs the continues review of forest management plan, whereby section 13 subsections 7 sets period of after five year for full review of the management plan. Therefore, inventory must be conducted every five years to provide data for management plan preparation.

2.8.3. Survival Assessment Survival assessment of planted trees should be done after one year prior to next planting season in order to determined survival percentage as the basis to carry out beating up. However, currently there is no technical order in place for survival assessment. 2.8.4. Assessment for Harvesting Choice of compartments to be harvested should base on the following criteria; Diseased, wind thrown, damaged by biological or climatic agents, and those subjected to drought are given first priority; Stands of higher site class are also given priority as they mature early; on the same site class start with older stands; on compartment of the same age start with lower stocked stands; compartment which are inaccessible should be left out of calculation; and in respect to customers need’s and preference, start with customers preference. Harvesting involves establishment of TARIFF NUMBERS for compartments due for harvesting in order to determine the value for pricing according to laid down guidelines titled “Measurement and Selling of Timber Using Tariff Table”. 2.9. RESEARCH 2.9.1 Research areas/problems for research Forest research activities are the sole responsibility of TAFORI and higher academic institutions however the plantation should liaise with them to establish Permanent Sample Plots (PSP) for monitoring of tree growth and assist in protecting their trial plots. These institutions are also encouraged to undertake research to solve emerging management problems.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER THREE 3.0.

PRESCRIPTION

3.1.

SILVICULTURE

3.1.1. Nursery operations Tree seedlings for replanting in clearfelled areas, beating-up and planting in extension area will be raised in Rongai nursery. 3.1.1.1. Species selection The main species to be planted at NKFP Rongai are Pinus patula, Cpressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus grandis, E. Saligna and E. Maidenii. Other species includes Cedrela ordorata, Juniperus procera and Grevillea robusta. Seeds will be purchased from TTSA. Priority of species to be planted will base on performance and demand. 3.1.1.2 Soil ingredients The soil ingredients for the nursery are the forest soil mycorrhiza (pine litter) and organic manure. The commonly used the soil mixtures ratios for raising seedlings are as follows:v 2 parts top forest soil, v 2 parts organic manure, v 6 parts mycorrhiza plus 28 gm. NPK per 20 Kgs of the mixture. To 420,000 seedlings the following are the requirements:v Forest top soil 38 trips, v 350 Kgs of NPK, v 10 trips of organic manure and

3.1.1.3. Seedlings raising techniques Seedlings will be raised in polythene tubes of size 10cm diameter by 15cm length. A total of 1,720,000 seedlings will be raised in the plan period for the plantation needs based on estimates of 1,111 stems per hectare for pines, cypress and grevillea and 2,500 stems per hectare for Eucalyptus including 25% as losses and amount needed for beating up. Seed sowing will be done in seedbed for Cypress, Eucalyptus, Grevillea and pines. In order to fasten germination, seeds of pine and cypress will be soaked in cold water for 12 hours before sowing. Seeds will be evenly broadcasted, covered with thin layer of sand (twice the seed thickness) then will be pressed gently. The sowing density depends on type of seeds. However, low sowing density will be applied to avoid damping off. Seedlings for planting in November/December, seeds will be sown in December/January. Seedlings for planting in March/April will be sown in July/August. Pot filling will be done by casual labourers at 1,000 pots per man-day. The soil will be stored under shade six months before filling into the polythene tubes. It will be turned once or twice during the preparation period.

3.1.1.4. Nursery tending techniques 3.1.1.4. 1 Watering regime Watering frequency will depend on the season of the year. During dry season, watering will be done in two times per day, early in the morning and late in the evening consecutively for 6 months. After six months, seedlings will be subjected to hardening off for three months before planting them. Appendix 5

3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary / health operations The nursery will be weeded regularly to free young seedlings from weed competition. The surroundings will be kept clean to avoid pests. The frequency will depend on the type and amount of weeds. Fungicide and insecticides application will be done in the nurseries to overcome the problem of fungi and insects. All other non-required items will be removed from the nursery, as they often tend to harbour unwanted insects and animals. The nursery will be protected against any destructive agents like wandering animals, playing children etc. The fences, hedges and gates will always be maintained. 3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out The filled pots will be watered for two days before transplanting so as to stabilize the soil. Pricking out of seedlings will be done immediately after attaining first two leave in the seedbed. Seedlings will be held by the cotyledon to avoid damage of the stems. Pricked out of seedlings will be done on polythene pots arranged in a transplant beds. 3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning Root pruning will be done using knives or sometimes by shifting pots. Pruning exercise will be done fortnightly and normally 3 months after transplanting in pots until seedlings are ready for lifting out to the field. Seedling will be subjected to hardening off by reducing the frequency of watering and increasing frequency of root pruning. In order to ensure success in nursery activities all nursery activities will follow nursery calendar as shown in the Appendix 5. 3.1.2. Planting Land preparation will be done by taungya system whereby farmers clear their plot for the purpose of planting annual crops but at the same time the land become clear for tree planting. The activity will commence in October before short rains begin. There are two planting seasons namely, November to December and March to April. Planting will be done during the short rains (November-December) and if not completed planting will be continued during the long rains starting soon after adequate rain has fallen in November to December. Most of the planting will be done during the season when the coverage of rainfall will be high. The planting stock size will be 30 cm in height. The normal spacing for pine, cypress and grevillea in the forest plantation will be 3m x 3m and for Eucalyptus will be 2m x2m. Pit size will be 30 cm x 30 cm. This will be prepared shortly before planting.

Planting and beating up targets for the planning period is 391.47ha and 50ha respectively. Also planting of 462 ha will be from the extension area. A total of 25 compartments will be planted in the plan period. List of compartments and areas to be planted in the plan period is shown in Table 15. Table 15:List of compartments and area to be planted in the plan period Financial Year

Block No.

Compt No

2013/14

NAL

255

NAL

S/N

Area( Ha)

SPP 16.1

NAL241

6.3

RON

RON170

7.3

EN137

26.7

RON

RON213

30.4

CL/PP

TOTAL

86.8

2014/2015

NAL

NAL289

16.6

EN137

18.45

EN104

6.1

RON

RON168B

RON

RON168A

2.5

CL/PP

EN105

2.3

RON

RON218

4.8

RON

RON217

2.7

RON

RON233

EN96

9.1

TOTAL

80.55

2015/2016

NAL

NAL274

24.14

NAL

NAL226

15.16

CL/PP

EN121

TOTAL

2016/2017

NAL

NAL274

38.86

TOTAL

38.86

2017/2018

RON

RON236

36.1

RON

RON210

3.4

NAL

NAL226

15.16

EN122

21.7

CL/PP

EN100

67.2

TOTAL

143.56

G/TOTAL

391.47

2.4 41.7

NB: The new area of 462ha will be planted as an extension area. During plan period, three main species will be planted. These are Pinus patula, Eucalyptus maidenii, Cupressus lustanica and Grevillea robusta. The summary of species distribution by area is shown below in table 16; 28

Table 16: Species distribution by area S/N 1 2

Species Pinus patula Cupressus lusitanica

Eucalyptus Total

Area to be planted (Ha) 242.86 91.96 56.65 391.47

The selection of species is based on site suitability, market and performance of the species. 3.1.3 Survival assessment for replanting and beating up All clear felled areas will be replanted within the year of completion of clear felling. Beating up precedes planting of new areas to ensure that the beaten up seedlings catch up with those planted the previous year. The survival assessment will be carried out nine months after planting. Normally beating up is done if survival is greater than 40% but less than 80%. If survival is less than 40% replanting has to be done. 3.1.4 Tending operations 3.1.4.1 Weeding Weeding in young plantations is being done through taungya system for three consecutive years. The method of weeding used in the forest plantation is manual. 3.1.4.2 Pruning In practice, pruning will be done during dry season to reduce the chances of fungal and insect attack through wounds. Trees will be pruned two meters in height (low pruning or brushing) for the purpose of providing access to the plantation. High pruning will be done two meters above the brushing height. Hand tools such as machetes (panga) and pruning saws will be used in both low pruning (brushing) and high pruning (quality pruning). According to Technical order No 1 of 2003, pruning will be done at the age of 4, 6 and 8 years as shown in Table 17.

Table 17: List of compartments to be pruned during the planned period

1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st

YEAR OF PRUNNING 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15

1st

14/15

2.5

1st

14/15

1.13 2.5 50 41.4 4.7 1.8 12.9 22 9 10 16 25.6 2.5 1.6 23.09 23.8 2.2 10 88 7 9 26 15 3.3 6 2.8 3.9 3.4 16

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd

14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 16/17 16/17 16/17 13/14 13/14 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15

BLOCK

BLOCK ID

CMPT

SPP

AREA

AGE

NALEMURU ENDONETI NANJARA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA TARAKEA ENDONETI KAMWANGA RONGAI RONGAI RONGAI TARAKEA ENDONETI ENDONETI NANJARA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA

NAL EN NAN KAM KAM KAM TAR EN KAM RON RON RON TAR EN EN NAN KAM KAM

NAL229 EN111A NAN4B KAM78 KAM79 KAM1 TAR4_5 EN108 KAM14B RON157 RON159 RON160 TAR4_6 EN106 EN122 NAN4C KAM4B KAM14B

52.8 45.3 68.4 4.7 12 18.53 16 52.8 1.3 4 3 5.5 11 41.3 21.7 12 30 1.3

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAM12-1

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAM19

KAMWANGA KAMWANGA TARAKEA NANJARA NALEMURU RONGAI RONGAI TARAKEA ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI NALEMURU RONGAI KAMWANGA ENDONETI ENDONETI NALEMURU KAMWANGA TARAKEA KAMWANGA ENDONETI TARAKEA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI

KAM KAM TAR NAN NAL RON RON TAR EN EN EN NAL RON KAM EN EN NAL KAM TAR KAM EN TAR KAM KAM EN EN EN EN EN

KAM20 KAM19 TAR2A NAN4A NAL227 RON172 RON173 TAR2B EN110 EN111B EN145 NAL243 RON153 KAM11 EN107A EN150 NAL251 KAM80B TAR1B KAM12-2 EN148 TAR4_2 KAM14A KAM17 EN131 EN132 EN133 EN134 EN135A

CL/PP CL CL CO CO EG GR/PP PP CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CO/PP EG/EU JP OTHER PLANTED OTHER PLANTED PP PP PP PP GR CL CL CL CL CL CL GR PP PP CL CL GR PP/CO PP AM AM/CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL

TYPE OF PRUNNING 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st

TARAKEA KAMWANGA ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA TARAKEA TARAKEA TARAKEA NAJARA ENDONETI ENDONETI KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA RONGAI KAMWANGA RONGAI KAMWANGA ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI ENDONETI KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA KAMWANGA RONGAI RONGAI RONGAI RONGAI ENDONETI KAMWANGA ENDONETI ENDONETI

TAR KAM EN EN EN KAM KAM KAM TAR TAR TAR NAN EN EN KAM KAM KAM KAM KAM KAM RON KAM RON KAM EN EN EN EN EN KAM KAM KAM KAM KAM RON RON RON RON EN KAM EN EN

TAR4_4B KAM72 EN135B EN140 EN141B KAM24A KAM28B KAM27 TAR3 TAR4_3 TAR4_4A NAN1 EN141A EN138 KAM28C KAM24B KAM28B KAM28D KAM32 KAM14A RON220 KAM80 RON155 KAM90-4 EN114 EN115 EN127 EN128 EN116 KAM3 KAM90-2 KAM90-1 KAM90-3 KAM18 RON182 RON187A RON187B RON158 EN142 KAM40 EN143 EN144

CL/PP GR GR GR GR PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP/AM AM AM GR GR GR GR JP PP PP/CO AM/CO CL CL CL CL CL CL ES GR PP/GR PP/JP PP/CL PP CL CL/PP JP PP OP/PP PP PP

10 1.5 13.6 12.1 3.1 48.2 8 4.3 54 67 38 74.9 10 0.9 3.5 1.05 8 14.9 13 15 22.2 12 1 3.5 2.2 4.7 4 5.3 16.5 14.1 40 84 19.6 10 77.1 15 1.4 2.7 5 7.3 17.2 38

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd

14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 14/15 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 13/14 14/15 14/15

3.1.2.4.3 Thinning According to technical order No 1 of 2003 there are two thinning regimes for stands that were established with a spacing of 3m x 3m, First thinning at 10 yrs and second at 15yrs. For stands that were established with a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m, there will be three thinning regimes, which are first at 10yrs, second at 14yrs and third at 18yrs. The methods used for thinning will be selective. Trees to be removed will be marked before harvesting. Thinning schedule for Pp and Cl is shown in Table 13 in section 2.3.1.4. Compartments to be thinned are shown in Table 23 (Section 3.10.1.2).

3.2 ROADS 3.2.1 Construction The construction of 5 Km new access roads at Nanjara and Tarakea Ranges will be carried out during plan period. The roads will be of murrum standard. 3.2.2. Maintenance Maintenance will depend on the intensity of rainfall and type of road damages. Road maintenance will be timely done before and after rainfall. The frequency of maintenance is higher in July-September and NovemberFebruary. Maintenance will base on light grading, putting murrum, side drain opening, road side slashing, maintenance of bridges and culverts. The most employed method of road maintenance is manual, using simple hand tools. In the case of severe road damages, maintenance of roads will be done by machineries like Grader, Excavators, Caterpillar and Lorries. A total of 50 Km of roads will be maintained each year. During this planning period the plantation will maintain about 250km of forest roads. The intention is to maintain all the roads to make the plantation accessible whenever possible. 3.3.

BUILDINGS

3.3.1. Construction During the plan period, there will be two new building constructions for staff (at Nanjara range). Tanzania Building Agency (TBA) will be consulted in construction of staff houses. 3.3.2 Maintenance Maintenance of the 10 buildings will be done throughout the plan period. Plantation staff will be used for effecting minor repairs. Assessment of buildings for maintenance will be done by Tanzania Building Agency (TBA) and thereafter they produce Bill of Quantities (BQ). The maintenance will follow the plantation priories. The priority of maintenance will focus on the extent of damage. Minor maintenance will be done by plantation staff 3.4. VEHICLES, PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS 3.4.1. Procurement The Forest Manager procures simple tools and equipment, while heavy plants and vehicles will be procured after consultation with the CE Tanzania Forest Agency Services. The types of vehicles, plants and equipment will depend on the type of work prescribed in the APOs. In all cases, the management will adhere to procurement regulations.

3.4.2. Maintenance Maintenance schedules will be followed according to the manufacturer specifications and will depend on conditions for use such as road conditions, kilometres or machine hours covered. A total of 5 vehicle, and 4 motor cycles will be maintained as shown in Table 18. Replacement of unserviceable tools and equipment will be done during the plan period. The Forest Manager will request replacement of vehicles.

Table 18: Vehicle and plant to be maintained during the plan period S/No

Type of Vehicle/ Plant

Registration No.

Manufacturing year

Status

Remarks

Ford Tractor 6610

CW 5414

1981

Running

Ford Tractor 6610

1992

Not working

Toyota L/Cruiser

STK 3512

2007

Running

Regular maintenance

Toyota L/Cruiser

STJ 2572

1998

Running

Regular maintenance

L/Rover 110

STH 7291

Not working

Isuzu â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Tipper

STJ 9168

2003

Running

Regular maintenance

Isuzu â&#x20AC;&#x201C; L/Base

STH 869

1989

Running

Regular maintenance

3.4.3 Disposition Equipment, vehicles and machinery earmarked for disposition in Table 11 will be sold out during the planning period. 3.5. COMMUNICATION FACILITIES The most employed communication systems are telephone, fax and internet facility. During the plan period, the existing systems in the Forest Plantation will be improved and maintained. The replacement of communication equipment will depend on the un service ability of the items. 3.6. WATER SUPPLY The main source of water supply to the plantation is from rivers and water streams which runs through the plantation. Currently, in the rivers the amount of water is adequate and of good quality. The only supply system is through pipelines to domestic uses and nurseries. However, during the plan period, the plantation will maintain and replace worn-out pipes and water control chambers and water storage tanks. 3.7. SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES As pointed out earlier the social services available at the Forest Plantation including a social hall, a dispensary, nursery school, a primary school and football pitch. These will continue to be used during the plan period. Shopping facilities and worshipping will be done in the Forest Plantation. To improve health services of the plantation staff, First Aid Kits will be provided and maintained. There is no electricity in Endonet, Kamwanga and Tarakea ranges. Efforts will be made to provide solar energy to these ranges. The plantation has also standby generator at the office that will be maintained during the planning period. In order to improve NKFP social services of staff and their families, the management will support the primary schools whenever necessary. The forest management will also encourage and support workers and their families to participate in sports and games such as football and netball.

3.8. HUMAN RESOURCES TFS will recruit new permanent term staff following recommendations from the Forest Manager. The plantation manager will strive to cover the staff deficit of 19 staff as identified in Table 12. Recruitments of temporary staff will be initiated by the Forest Manager whenever need arises. The plantation management will facilitate and ensure that every staff follows training programme as planned by NKFP. In the planning period, a total of 45 staff will be trained through short courses/on job training in order to improve their working capacities. Training in introduction to computer, maintenance of machines, inventory, forestry management and administration will be given priority. The long term training programmes will be financed by the TFS. The aim is to ensure that all staff are competent in their working areas. 3.9. REVENUE GENERATION 3.9.1. Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings The forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan period is shown in Table 19. Table 19: Forecasted revenue from thinning and clearfellings during the plan 2013/14-2017/18

Allowable cut (standing) m3

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

37,119.23

37,256.48

37,529.72

37,615.12

37,529.72

LMDA (TShs) Royalty (TShs)

408,311,530.00

409,821,280.00

412826920

413,766,320.00

412,826,920.00

506,677,489.50

508,550,952.00

512,280,678.00

513,446,388.00

512,280,678.00

Total (TShs.)

914,989,019.50

918,372,232.00

925,107,598.00

927,212,708.00

925,107,598.00

Grand Total:

4,610,789,155.50

3.9.2 Forecasted total revenues during the planning period During the planning period the sources of revenues will be mainly from the sales of saw logs (thinning and clearfellings), poles, firewood, and road and silviculture fees. Other sources include; fines, commercial business, registration, Orienteering fee, Camp site/Ecotourism, Rest house and Vehicle fees per tonnage. During the plan period a total of TShs 5,596,716,199.00 will be collected as shown in Table 20.

S/Mill

Various

Silviculture fee Soft wood

Silviculture fee Hard wood

Road fee Soft wood

Road fee Hard wood

Royalty Soft wood

Royalty Hard wood

Royalty of Poles

LMDA Poles

Royalty Fire wood

Sale of firewood LMDA

Registration fee

Others

1,145,163,770

36,500,000

25,000

750,000

6,250,000

36,700,000

110,100,000

50,463,000

452,009,240

44,055,000

182,128,265

44,055,000

182,128,265

Total Rev

1,500

12,500

500

1,500

12,600

13,650

11,000

5,500

11,000

5,500

Unit Rev

500

73,400

4,005

33,114.23

4,005

33,114.23

4,005

33,114.23

Target

Total

Unit

Item/ Activity

2013/2014

Table 20: Summary of Forecasted Revenue (TZS

500

20,000

4,152

33,104.39

4,152.1

33,104.39

4,152

33,104.39

Target

1,500

12,500

500

1,500

12,600

13,650

11,000

5,500

11,000

5,500

Unit Rev

2014/2015

1,070,185,528

36,500,000

27,000,000

750,000

6,250,000

10,000,000

30,000,000

52,316,334

451,874,923.50

45,672,990

182,074,145

45,672,990

182,074,145

Total Rev

300

15,000

747

36,782.72

747

36,782.72

747

36,782.72

Target

1,500

12,500

500

1,500

12,600

13,650

11,000

5,500

11,000

5,500

Unit Rev

2015/2016

1,032,240,248

36,500,000

29,000,000

450,000

3,750,000

7,500,000

22,500,000

9,412,200

502,084,128

8,217,000

202,304,960

8,217,000

202,304,960

Total Rev

300

10,000

37,615.12

Target

1500

12,500

500

1,500

13,650

500

5,500

Unit Rev

2016/2017

Grand

829,837,108.00

36,500,000.00

30,000,000

450000

3750000

5000000

15000000

513446388

18,807,560.00

206,883,160

Total Rev

Total:

200

10,000

37,529.72

Target

1,500

12,500

500

1500

13,650

5,500

Unit Rev

2017/2018

5,091,834,251.00

1,014,407,598.00

36,500,000.00

30,000,000.00

300,000.00

2,500,000.00

5,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

512,280,678.00

206,413,460.00

Total Rev

3.9.2. Control of Revenues The forest Manager will conduct regular training for personnel involved in revenue collection, timber grading, checkpoints, billing and timber measurement. Verification of field measurements will be done to ensure that correct measurement and records are taken. The Forest Plantation will collect government revenues by using authorized documents such as ERVs and License books. The daily collections must be promptly acknowledged through proper ERVs after banking by customers. The established gates and checkpoints will be used to monitor forest products passing through it whether they are covered by appropriate movement order/documents (transit passes, felling licences and ERVs). 3.10. UTILISATION 3.10.1. Harvesting Plans Inventory data collected in November, 2012 has been used to prepare the harvesting plan. Harvesting will be done by customers under the supervision of forest staff to ensure no destruction is done and no thefts of forest produce. The total allowable cut for the whole planning period is 187,050.27m3 as indicated in Table 21. Table 21:Summary of allowable cut for 2013/14 – 2017/18 Year

Thinning Volume (m3)

Clear felling Volume (m3)

Total (m3)

24,378.97

37,119.23

2013/14

12,740.26

2014/15

19,945.37

17,311.11

37,256.48

2015/16

24,230.88

13,298.84

37,529.72

2016/17

21,564.27

16,050.85

37,615.12

2017/18

16,397.91

21,131.81

37,529.72

Total

94,878.69

92,171.58

187,050.27

3.10.1.1 Clear felling The compartments earmarked for clear felling are shown in Table 22.Criteria used to select compartment for clear felling includes; age and under stocked and well stocked Table 22: Compartments and volumes to be clear felled during planning period YEAR

Compt no

SPP

AGE

Area( Ha)

2013/14

NAL255

16.1

413.043

6,649.99

NAL241

6.3

455.87

2,871.98

RON170

7.3

385.479

2,814.00

EN137

26.7

150

4,005

RON213

CL/PP

30.4

264.572

8,043

TOTAL 2014/2015

NAL289

EN137

Vol/Ha

86.8

Total Vol to be clearfelled

24,378.97

16.6

295.422

4904

18.45

150

2,768

EN104

6.1

369.016

2250.998

RON168B

214.75

2577

RON168A

CL/PP

2.5

207.2

518

EN105

2.3

313.91

721.993

RON218

4.8

151.67

728.016

RON217

2.7

178.89

483.003

RON233

162.67

976.02

EN96

9.1

152.09

1,384.09

TOTAL

80.55

17,311.12

2015/2016

NAL274

24.14

413.043

9,971.16

NAL226

CL/PP

15.16

197.897

2,580.68

EN121

2.4

311.25

747

TOTAL

2016/2017

NAL274

TOTAL 2017/2018

RON236

TOTAL G/TOTAL

RON210 NAL226 EN122 EN100

PP PP CL/PP PP

41.7 22

16,298.84

38.86 38.86

413.043

16,050.85 16,050.85 2940

36.1

81.4404

22 23 22 21

3.4 15.16 21.7 67.2 143.56

525.294 197.897 58.2949 182.078

391.47

1786 3,000.00 1,265.00 12,146.00 21,137.00 95,176.78

3.10.1.2 Thinning The thinning program during the plan period is shown in Table 23. The thinning will be selective and priority for removals is for defective and diseased trees. Trees to be thinned will be marked by plantation staff following directives given in the Technical Order No.1 of 2003. Thinning will be done by customers under supervision of plantation staff. A total of 97,378.69 will be thinned in the planning period Table 23: Compartments and volumes to be thinned in North Kilimanjaro during the planning period YEAR

S/N

COMPT No.

SPP

AREA (Ha)

SITE CLASS

THINNING. NO

VOL/Ha

AGE THINNED

((m

/ Ha)

TOTAL VOL

(m3)

2013/2014

NAL 281

25.6

III

143.53

3674.4

KAM 10

52.4

III

14.45

757.18

KAM 15

21.5

70.75

1521.1

KAM 22

73.67

1473.4

KAM 85

17.6

55.29

973.1

EN 117

17.3

29.98

518.7

RON 176

1.8

45.7

82.26

NAL 246

1.6

45.68

RON 198

46.7

III

43.02

2008.81

RON 192

18.4

50.21

923.84

RON 238

10.8

604.95

EN 112

11.15

100.31

NAL242

7.4

1.15

8.48

NAL 293

Sub total

367.3

2014/2015

KAM 31

III

90.89

2181.36

KAM 57

43.4

1822.46

KAM 67

11.61

165.07

1916.463

KAM 69

10.3

III

46.94

483.482

KAM 71B

63.01

441.07

KAM 74

103.83

1453.62

KAM 75

3.9

184.48

719.472

KAM 76

2.4

8.84

21.216

NAL 277A

58.8

III

185.48

10906.22

Sub total

2015/2016

NAL 264

174.01 1.3

NAL 263

NAL 252A

TAR4_1

RON 237

RON 189

0.67

48.1 12,740.26

19,945.37

III

31.13

40.47

23.5

31.1

731.6

107.7

1938.7

29.61

355.31

4.8

199.7

25.2

54.99

1385.64

NAL 284A

7.7

61.51

473.627

NAL 245

25.5

III

193.44

4932.72

EN 123A

III

88.91

266.73

NAL 279

Sub total

2016/2017

NAL 291

57.1

NAL 295A

III

NAL 295B

III

NAL 262

59.7

III

Sub total

2017/2018

KAM 51

III

18.93

643.62

KAM 55

18.8

53.98

1014.824

KAM 56

25.7

III

2.22

57.054

RON 180

59.2

III

95.85

5674.32

EN 102A

103.8

1453.2

EN 109A

26.93

III

26.24

706.6432

EN 202B

0.39

III

116

45.24

EN 120

7.9

III

59.39

469.181

NAL 231

III

68.13

RON 201

III

79.92

4795.2

EN 109B

9.8

50.34

493.332

RON 184

29.9

18.74

560.326

EN 99

23.3

Sub total

CL CL/ PP CL/ PP PP/JP CL/ PP

57.5

215.7

170.8

310.92

158.8

6987.2

141.36

1413.6

147.08

8,780.676

4382.425

13906.38 24,230.88

76.75

17 GRAND TOTAl:

241.85

24,064.27

17.89

416.837 16,397.91 97,378.69

3.10.2. Sales 3.10.2.1. Prices The prices are reviewed periodically depending up on the prevailing markets. The current prices for forest produce were reviewed in year 2011 as stipulated in GN No. 432 of 9/12/2011. Trees will be sold by standing volume with exception of poles and firewood which will be sold by running meters/pieces and stacked volume respectively. Also withies are sold in terms of loads. Table 24 Table 24: Current prices for forest produce S/N

Diameter class at DBH in Cm

Fees/ M3 Soft wood plantation

< 10 cm

To be sold as fire wood

11 – 20 cm

2,600.00

21 – 25 cm

5,200.00

76 – 30cm

13,000.00

31 – 35 cm

22,490.00

> 35 cm

24,960.00

Poles from softwood Species 5cm but not more than 10cm diameter at butt end (each) Over 10 cm not more than 20cm diameter at butt end (each)

200.00 1,000.00

Poles from hardwood Species 5cm but not more than 10cm diameter at butt end (each) Over 10 cm not more than 20cm diameter at butt end (each)

400.00 2,000.00

Eucalyptus species <10cm 11-20cm 21-30cm >30cm Poles from hardwood plantations (i) All hardwood plantation species . For poles less than 10 cm DBH over-bark fees shall be running metre. (ii) All Eucalyptus species classified as poles fee shall be per running metre Firewood from plantation (i) Quantity license for hardwood plantation species per stacked cubic metre (ii) Quantity license for softwood plant species per stacked cubic metre

To be sold as firewood To be sold as poles 4,800.00 12,000.00 700.00

500.00

2,000.00 1,000.00

3.10.2.2. Markets The market demand for forest products is currently high and the plantation is unable to meet this demand. The Forest Plantation will continue to supply raw material to the registered and approved saw millers and other customers depending on the availability. Table 18 shows the list of customers with their processing capacities. In order to increase plantation own revenue generation, 2000 m3 per year are proposed to be allocated to the plantation and will be sawn at Kilwood Sawmill. The remaining volume will be allocated to other customers. However, there is a growing discussion on the possibility of selling the standing timber by auction as a strategy to improve transparency on allocations and increasing revenues. The final decision on the allocations of raw materials to customers and the method of selling will be made by the plantation allocation committee and TFS CE respectively. Although this customer may also may get raw materials from other plantation there is need to revise earlier agreement regarding the supply of raw materials. Table 25: List of main customers for the planning period Â S/NO.

Customer

Capacity MÂł

Assortment Required

Kilwood Products Ltd (Sawmill)

18,000

Standing Volume

Kibo Match

12,000

Standing Volume

TAWOSA Sawmill

6,000

Standing Volume

TATICO Sawmill

10,000

Standing Volume

System Builders Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Family Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Lerimo Sawmill

3,500

Standing Volume

Mbaruku Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Migambo Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Charan Singh Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Rombo Enterprises Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Pasua Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

SHETICO Sawmill

2,000

Standing Volume

Amex Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Swai Commercial Sawmill

6,000

Standing Volume

Elvis Timbers Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Kimbana Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Nayeme Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

REPECO Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Silas Timber Co. Ltd Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Ndasura Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Silayo Sawmill

3,800

Standing Volume

A. J. Tesha Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Kiboriloni Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Kimboi Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Msangai Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Nanjara Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Mhindi Sawmill

3,500

Standing Volume

Rose Massawe Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Mwanri Oljata Onana Sawmill

3,800

Standing Volume

Imara Daima Furniture Sawmill

2000

Standing Volume

Swai Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Evans John Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Karia Paka Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Azimio Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Amani Sawmill

2,000

Standing Volume

Uchumi Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Kindoroko Sawmill

3,500

Standing Volume

Mercury Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Urauri Sawmill (1)

3,000

Standing Volume

Urauri Sawmill (2)

3,000

Standing Volume

St. Joseph Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Mazi Timbers Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Ibro Intertrade Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Green F.M. Timber Sawmill

5,000

Standing Volume

Mashima Sawmill

4,000

Standing Volume

Tarawia Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Jitegemee Youth Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Eden A. Mcharo Sawmill

3,000

Standing Volume

Matata General Traders Ltd

3,000

Standing Volume

Heshima Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Ezekiel Shally Mighi Sawmill

2,500

Standing Volume

Kwalakamu Sawmill

2,000

Standing Volume

Dito Sawmills Consult Company Ltd.

3,000

Standing Volume

Total:

215,600

3.11. PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 3.11.1 Fire Prevention and Control During the plan period, the plantation will be protected from fire. Fire plan will be implemented in order to control fire occurrence. The following measures will be undertaken to prevent and control forest fire occurrences and eventually put off fires. • Cleaning fire breaks before the fire season to remove highly combustible wood and grass; • Purchasing and maintaining fire fighting equipment in a good working condition ready for use in case of fire. Preventing the use of fire for land preparation by taungya farmers; • Keeping a roster of fire fighting crews and a standby vehicle during the fire season; and • Training plantation staff and community members from adjacent village on fire fighting techniques. In addition to the above precautionary measures, the plantation will continue to employ patrol men for patrolling the forest and reporting any fire incidences. During the planning period NKFP will maintain and clear fire line of about 60km. The plantation fire plan should be implemented in order to control fire occurrence. The fire plan is attached as Appendix 7.

3.11.2. Control plan for diseases and pests There have been recorded incidences of diseases in North Kilimanjaro forest plantation such as cypress aphids caused by cinara which causes die back and results to poor growth and quality of timber. However, if more such outbreak of disease or harmful insects/pests occurs, immediate measures will be applied for control e.g application of pesticides. If however the correction measures are not effective assistance will be sought from other relevant organizations such TAFORI and TPRI. TFS will be informed of any such outbreak even if the control measures have been successful. Damping off in the nursery will be controlled by use of management practices and when necessary fungicides and other chemicals will be used. Furthermore, in order to be safe in case of disease/pest outbreak, species diversification has been adopted by planting different species. 3.11.3 Soil and Biodiversity Noth Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation consists of planted trees and natural vegetation which has higher potention of biodiversity. Natural forest coverage includes rivers and valleys will be protected and conserved. Natural tree species such Solanum limpis, Leonates spp., Lantana spp., Venonia spp., and climatis. The remnant natural forest is composed of Olea Africana (Brown olive), Juniperus procera and Acacia lahai at the forest margin of Nanjara, Tarakea, Nalemoru and Rongai. Podocarpus gracilior and Podocarpus milanjianus at higher altitudes, and dense forest belt at Kamwanga area which is rich in Fagaropsis angolensis (Green Mtua) and Hagenia abyssinica. Such species still exists in small patches along riverines and other protected areas. Also there are ranges of animals such as , blue and white colobus monkey and barboons. The soils of the plantation are deep, dark brown or black and well drained but easily eroded if left bare. During this plan steep slopes and catchment areas will continue to be protected to encourage natural regeneration in order to prevent soil erosion and for conservation. Also cultivation by Taungya farmers will be prohibited in those areas. 3.11.3 Animal and Man Damage In the case of vermin such as baboons and monkeys, ammunitions will be required to scare and protect trees from animal damage. In case of elephant and buffalo, District Game Officers will be consulted. Destruction caused by manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s influence eg encroachment, illegal harvesting, uprooting young trees and animal grazing are serious problems affecting the quality of the plantation. In the plan period law enforcement and extension services will be intensified through routine patrols and special operations. Issuing of cultivation licences and fines will also be done. Again as a control measure, several patrol men should be engaged throughout the year to guard the forest against illegal tree cutting and theft of forest produce. NKFP will conduct awareness meetings and seminars to villagers. Meetings with stakeholders (local and central governments at village, district and regional levels) will also be conducted to seek support on control illegal harvesting and grazing. 3.12 SITE RESTORATION Assessment of areas affected by any destructive agent will be carried out immediately after the destruction has occurred. Restoration of such areas will be done through planting, construction of check dams in case of soil erosion or insitu conservation. Such damage will also be reported to the TFS CE.

Wild animals found around and within the forest are Colobus monkeys, blue monkey, Baboonsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The most serious damage in the forest is caused by the elephants by demaging trees especially Grevillea robusta, blue and Colobus monkeys debark the top parts of trees especially Pinus patula and Cupressus lustanica so affects the quality and growth of trees. The trees are tipped or shoot broken by these animals, which result into fungal and other pathogen infection prior to rotting for those affected trees. In general protecting by scaring is the practical measure to protect trees from animal damage. In case of elephant and buffalo, District Games officers will be consulted since the plantation is close with KINAPA and Ambossely National Park. Destruction caused by manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s influence like encroachment, illegal harvesting, uprooting young trees and animal grazing are the problems affecting the quality of the plantation. In the plan period law enforcement and extension services will be intensified through routine patrols and special operations, issue cultivation licences and fines and the control of the number of squatters. During the plan period awareness meetings and seminars will be conducted to villagers. Meetings with stakeholders local and central governments at village, district and regional levels) will also be conducted to seek support on controlling illegal harvesting and grazing. 3.13 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Resurvey and mapping has been conducted in order to update the existing maps and forest stocking levels. During the planning period boundary consolidation and compartmentation in Nanjara and Tarakea ranges and areas bordering adjacent villages will be carry out. For the determination of harvesting coupes the plantation uses tarrif tables. Procedure for determining the tarrif number involves laying down sample plots in the compartment. The number of the plots depends on the area of the compartment. NKFP has trees within the compartment with varying ages due to late beating up, different planting period and taungya system. Therefore, during tarrif number determination, there will be stratification of compartments in order to get appropriate tarrif Numbers. The value of the coupe will depend on the coupe size and tarrif number. The coupes are allocated to customers according to their raw material allocation. As a control measure ground scaling of sold logs will be carried out before transportation. Also firewood will be sold by stacked volume. Withies and poles will be measure and sold by loads (30withies) and running meter respectively. Transit Pass (TP) will be issued to customers.

CHAPTER

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 BUDGET ESTIMATES During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of TShs. 1,280,099,434.00 for implementing planned operations as detailed in Table 26 below. Table 26: Procurement, running and maintenance of Vehicles and Plants Financial year

2013 - 2014

Activity to achieve targets

Running and maintenance

Input required for each activity

Unity

Quantity

Estimated cost per unit

Total cost

L/Cruiser

30,000km

500

20,000,000

Lorry

40,000km

500

25,000,000

600Mhr

5000

5,000,000

5,000km

100

1,800,000

L/Cruiser 3 - 30000km

30,000km

600

25,000,000

Lorry 2 – 40000km

40,000km

650

30,000,000

600Mhr

6000

5,000,000

150

2,500,000

Tractor 5 Motor Cycles-5000km

SUB TOTAL

2014 - 2015

Running and maintenance

51,800,000

Tractor 2 – 600Mhr 5 Motor Cycles-5000km

SUB TOTAL

2015 - 2016

Running and maintenance

62,500,000 L/Cruiser 3 – 30,000km

30,000km

625

30,000,000

Lorry 2 – 40000km

40,000km

750

30,000,000

Tractor 2 – 600Mhr

600Mhr

7000

5,000,000

5 Motor Cycles-5000km

5000Km

200

2,500,000

Purchase 1 Land cruiser – P/UP

L/Cruiser 3-45000km

45000km

650

Lorry 2 – 40000km

40,0000km

850

Tractor 2 – 600Mhr

600Mhr

8000

5 Motor Cycles-5000km

5000km

250

L/Cruiser 3-30000km

30000km

675

35,000,000

Lorry 2 – 40000km

40000km

950

40,000,000

Tractor 2 – 600Mhr

600Mhr

9000

7,000,000

5 Motor Cycles-5000km

5000km

300

3,500,000

Purchase 3 Motor Cycle

SUB TOTAL

2016 -2017

Running and maintenance

67,500,000

SUB TOTAL

2017 – 2018

Running and maintenance

SUB TOTAL TOTAL

32,500,000 35,000,000 6,000,000 3,000,000 76,500,000

85,500,000 343,800,000

Table 27: Maintenance construction of buildings and other installations

Financial year

Activity to achieve target

Maintenance of buildings

2013/2014 Water supply

Staff quarters

2014/2015

2015/2016

2016/2017

2017/2018

Input required for each target Input

Unit

Quantity

Paint C/S sheets Nails Timber Transport

Litres Pieces kg mÂł trip

60 50 -

PVC Cement Other construction works and labour

Rolls Tons

Construction

Repair of buildings Water supply Repair of other works Staff quarters

Repair of building Water supply Repair of other works Staff quarters

Repair of building Water supply Repair of others

Various Various Various Construction

Various Various Various

Estimated Cost per Unit (Tshs)

Total cost (Tshs)

5,000 3,000 -

300,000 150,000 -

2 3

650,000 320,000

1,300,000 960,000

Various

various

890,000

House

Sub total

3,600,000

Various Various Various 50,000,000

2,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 50,000,000

Sub total

60,000,000

Various Various Various 50,000,000

1,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 50,000,000

Sub total

58,500,000

Various Various Various

1,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000

Sub total

8,500,000

Various Various Various

1,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000

Sub total

8,500,000

Total

139,100,000

Various Various Various House

Various Various Various

Various Various Various 1

Various Various Various1

Various Various Various

Table 28: Office administration Financial year

2013/2014

SUB TOTAL

2014/2015

Activity to achieve target

Units of measure

Pay internet charges Pay telephone charges Purchase cleaning supplies Meeting and conference Training Purchase office consumable Upkeep of station Purchase of patrol Purchase of diesel Service and repair of office machineries Pay Postal rental charges annually Purchase Stamps Purchase copies of newspapers annually Burial services for 1 death Pay leave allowances Purchase of uniforms Pay extra duty allowances Pay per diems for domestic traveling Ground travel (Bus, Railway, Tax) Electricity charges Food & refreshments

Quarter calls/month Set Days Persons Set Mandays Litres Litres Units

Pay internet charges Pay telephone charges Purchase cleaning supplies Meeting and conference Training Purchase stationeries Upkeep of station Service and repair of office machineries Pay Postal rental charges annually Purchase Stamps Purchase copies of newspapers annually Burial services for 1 death Pay leave allowances Purchase of uniforms Pay extra duty allowances Pay per diems for domestic traveling Ground travel (Bus, Railway, Tax) Electricity charges Food & refreshments

Quarter calls/month Set Days Persons Set Mandays Units

Number of units

Estimated cost per unit

Total cost

4 12 2 12 20 3,600 5,000 20,040 10

900,000 341.33 6,610.50 12,350 5,200 2,500 2,500 -

3,600,000 4,096 13,221 247,000 18,720,000 12,500,000 50,100,000 -

40,000

Stamps newspapers

280 1344

1,000 -

280,000 -

Persons Tickets Pairs Days Days Persons Units Persons

2 60 45 1,580 152 60 9,346 152

512,500 33,993 106,250 4,500 65,000 25,000 260 20,000

1,025,000 2,039,580 4,781,250 6,670,000 9,872,000 1,495,950 2,430,000 3,049,380

1 box

1 box Stamps newspapers Persons Tickets Pairs Days Days Persons Units Persons

4 12 4 12 4 4 9,200 10

1,200,000 200,000 800,000 50,000 1,560,000 800,000 5,200 400,000

116,867,467 4,800,000 2,400,000 3,200,000 600,000 6,000,000 3,200,000 47,840,000 4,000,000

50,000

650 -

1,000 -

50,000 650,000 -

2 60 50 1,580 300 20 12,000 70

300,000 75,000 60,000 5,000 65,000 30,000 3000 25,000

600,000 4,500,000 3,000,000 7,800,000 19,500,000 600,000 3,600,000 1,750,000

Financial year

SUB TOTAL 2015/2016

SUB TOTAL

2016/2017

SUB TOTAL

Activity to achieve target

Units of measure

Number of units

Estimated cost per unit

Quarter calls/month Set Days Persons Set Mandays Units

1 box

4 12 4 12 2 4 9,200 10

1,300,000 250,000 850,000 50,000 1,500,000 600,000 5,200 400,000

50,000

650 -

1,000 -

Persons Tickets Pairs Days Days

2 60 50 1,580 300

300,000 60,000 60,000 5,000 65,000

Persons Units Persons

20 12,00 70

35,000 3,500 30,000

Stamps Newspapers

4 12 4 12 4 4 9,200 10

1,300,000 300,000 850,000 50,000 1,500,000 900,000 600 500,000

Total cost

114,190,000 5,200,000 3,000,000 3,400,000 600,000 3,000,000 2,400,000 47,840,000 4,000,000 50,000 650,000 600,000 3,600,000 3,000,000 7,900,000 19,500,000 700,000 4,200,000 2,100,000 118,140,000 5,200,000 3,600,000 3,400,000 600,000 6,000,000 3,600,000 55,200,000

50,000

5,000,000 50,000

650 -

1,000 -

650,000 -

Persons Tickets Pairs Days Days

2 60 50 1,580 300

300,000 80,000 60,000 5,000 65,000

600,000 4,800,000 3,000,000 7,900,000

Persons

40,000

Units Persons

12,000 70

4,000 35,000

1 box Stamps newspapers

19,500,000 800,000 4,800,000 2,450,000 127,150,000

Financial year

2017/2018

Activity to achieve target

Units of measure

Pay internet charges Pay telephone charges Purchase cleaning supplies Meeting and conference

Quarter calls/month Set Days

Training Purchase stationeries Upkeep of station Service and repair of office machineries Pay Postal rental charges annually Purchase Stamps Purchase copies of newspapers annually Burial services for 1 death Pay leave allowances Purchase of uniforms Pay extra duty allowances Pay per diems for domestic traveling Ground travel (Bus, Railway, Tax) Electricity charges Food & refreshments Sub total: Grand Total:

Persons Set Mandays Units

Number of units

Estimated cost per unit

Total cost

4 12 4 12

1,300,000 300,000 850,000 50,000

5,200,000 3,600,000 3,400,000 600,000

4 4 9,200 10

1,500,000 900,000 6,500 500,000

6,000,000 3,600,000 59,800,000

50,000

5,000,000 50,000

650 -

1,000 -

650,000 -

Persons Tickets Pairs Days Days

2 60 50 1,580 300

300,000 80,000 60,000 5,000 65,000

600,000 4,800,000 3,000,000 7,900,000

Persons

45,000

Units Persons

12,000 70

450,000 40,000

1 box Stamps newspapers

19,500,000 900,000 5,400,000 2,800,000 132,800,000 586,651,200

3,640,000

104,000

Weeding/ Climber cut (twice)

Prunning

Protection

Marking for Thinning

1st Thinning

Fire breaks/ boundaries

Road construction

52,000

Planting

KEY: sdl = seedlings; Ha = Hectare

TOTAL

maintenance

Road

104,000

Land Preparation

20,800

62,400

95/sdl

332,800

52,000

191.7

462

250

420,000

Nursery Plants

Ha/sdi/ km

Quantity

Cost (Tsh)

213,435,000

130,000,000

9,805,000

520,000

9,805,000

2,080,000

1,040,000

35,840,000

1,560,000

22,785,000

2013/14

sdl/km

Shs/Ha/

Unit Cost

Operation

Table 29:Silviculture, Roads and Protection Needs

122.7

535.3

330

400,000

Ha/sdi/ km

Quantity

101,266,250

13,650,000

10,300,000

546,000

10,300,000

2,184,000

1,092,000

37,632,000

1,638,000

23,924,250

Cost (Tsh)

2014/2015

48.8

262.7

250

300,000

Ha/sdl/ km

Quantity

107,387,622

19,771,372

10,300,000

546,000

10,300,000

2,184,000

1,092,000

37,632,000

1,638,000

23,924,250

Cost (Tsh)

2015/2016

391.5

231.2

250

300,000

Grand Total

Ha/sdl/ km

Quantity

132,741,099

19,771,252

15,900,000

790,855

14,900,00

3,163,420

1,581,710

54,508,160

2,372,565

34,653,137

Cost (Tsh)

2016/2017

161,538,133

20,760,000

15,600,000

6,830,400

15,600,000

3,321,591

1,660,795

57,227,565

2,491,193

36,385,793

Cost (Tsh)

716,368,104

597.2

221.3

250

300,000

Ha/sdl/ km

Quantity

2017/2018

SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES (TSHS) FOR THE ENTIRE PLANNING PERIOD SN

Expenditure

Amount

Reference

Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles

343,800,000.00

Table 26

Maintenance and construction of building and other installation

139,100,000.00

Table 27

Office Administration

609,147,467.00

Table 28

Silviculture, Roads and Protection

673,336,516.00

Table 29

TOTAL

1,765,383,983.00

APPENDICES Appendix 1: A MAP SHOWNING NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

Year

→

95.8

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

230.4

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

56.9

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

274.1

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

6.8

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

607

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

102

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

23.8

Jan

Rainfall (mm)

Description ↓

Months

63.4

113.9

40.2

289

128.6

75.6

106.3

Feb.

146.1

90.3

89.7

151.6

122

112.2

78.3

57.5

76.8

178.9

Mar.

72.1

129

91.4

59.8

144.5

13.4

290

220

58.3

Apr.

61.3

34.5

90.5

May

50.5

June

July

Aug.

26.2

Sept.

61.9

222.5

134.1

43.3

111.5

190.6

44.1

Oct.

180.5

65.7

110.2

153.3

170

218.9

176.4

54.5

382.7

81.6

57.5

237.1

Nov.

75.9

193.7

97.7

327.9

111.4

146.5

607

409.2

49.7

190

296.6

Dec.

756.3

911.1

536.2

757.1

883.2

446.6

908.1

1838.9

1203.2

466.4

750.8

916.8

Total

Appendix 2: ANNUAL RAIN FALL NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PALANTATION FOR PAST YEAR (1994 -2012)

2.5

63.0

75.9

2.8

44.7

4.1

63.1

3.9

73.6

2.1

37.2

3.9

75.7

5.2

153.2

5.5

100.3

2.4

38.9

3.1

62.6

4.9

76.4

Mean (mm)

Monthly

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

→

267

190

58.2

4.1

2,255

118.7

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

Days rained

Total days

Mean rain days

Total rainfall

Monthly mean

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

118

Days rained

Rainfall (mm)

58.9

Jan

Rainfall (mm)

Description ↓

Months

67.5

1,282

3.4

50.8

190

17.3

Feb.

114.9

2,182

5.6

106

110.2

239

296

25.8

204

10.5

79.5

Mar.

88.6

1,684

3.6

152.2

29.2

180.9

Apr.

19.3

365

0.7

152

20.5

17.2

64.2

May

4.0

76.5

0.2

June

0.0

July

0.0

Aug.

2.1

39.7

0.2

13.5

Sept.

8.3

158.4

0.5

49.2

28.8

1.5

Oct.

112.1

2,130

3.2

100

452

274.5

148.9

129

281.4

498.3

Nov.

3.2

1,630

3.9

167.4

277

8.3

244.5

100.5

484.9

Dec.

538.7

11,802.6

25.4

481

790.8

1,097.7

1,130.6

803.4

485

584.1

1423.5

Total

44.89

983.55

2.1

40.1

2.8

65.9

2.8

91.4

2.7

94.2

2.5

66.9

1.3

40.4

1.6

48.7

5.3

118.6

Mean (mm)

Monthly

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

NAL

RON

NAL

RONGAI

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

NALEMURU

BLOCK

BLOCK ID RON

NAL273

EN99

NAL252B

EN118

EN109B

RON201

NAL231

RON166

EN120

EN202B

EN119

RON239

NAL246

RON176

EN116

EN128

EN127

EN115

EN114

KAM90-4

RON187B

RON187A

NAL249

EN148

RON155

RON156

KAM28C

EN138

RON165

CMPT

CL/PP

CL/GR/JP

CL/PP

AM/CO

AM/AF/CO/CL

AF/CL/GR

SPP

AGE

III

SITE CLASS

1998

2000

2001

2002

2003

2005

2006

2003

2004

2005

2007

2004

P/YEAR

36.1

23.3

29.5

9.8

16.4

7.9

0.39

7.9

63.4

1.6

1.8

16.5

5.3

4.7

2.2

3.5

1.4

12.2

3.28

3.5

0.9

AREA

29081

10194

27400

11554

5880

40300

750

10728

4641

201

3442

25888

1253

1695

7838

3092

2960

3466

1027

1604

1027

8800

6507

1665

592

1100

876

810

1267

TREES/COMPT

14107

4928

6668

4660

1480

11885

146

1706

1474

1486

12895

269

266

1156

346

379

281

100

429

872

1968

384

147

284

426

VOLUME/COMPT

Appendix 4: COMPARTMENT REGISTER FOR NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION

805

437

913

391

600

671

750

654

587

516

435

408

783

941

475

583

740

737

466

450

733

586

533

508

591

275

250

899

633

TREES/HA

600

1500

1000

1500

1000

1500

1000

950

1500

YTSPH

58.5

13.5

52.5

21.5

33.75

47.75

45.5

19.5

45.5

73.5

29.25

33.5

15.25

YTCAI

70.4375

6.2636667

30.81375

12.446833

12.8

30.5305

34.125

8.502

26.7085

23.478

33.655263

31.566316

15.2685

18.3495

14.566667

9.328

16.526667

7.4928333

7.456

17.55

6.597

15.626667

ADJCAI

234.4

16.4032

61.425

9.2358

2542.79375

145.9434333

924.4125

367.1815833

125.44

1831.83

34.125

139.4328

210.99715

9.15642

265.8765789

2001.304421

24.4296

33.0291

240.35

49.4384

66.10666667

35.21631667

COMPTCAI

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

NAL

RON

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RON

RONGAI

RON

RONGAI

RON

RONGAI

KAM

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

NAL277B

RON188

KAM90-2

KAM32

KAM28D

KAM28B

KAM24B

EN121

EN98C

RON175

KAM47

KAM3

KAM71A

EN137

KAM1

KAM29

KAM60

KAM26

KAM25

NAL241

NAL222

RON233

EN105

RON168A

RON168B

EN104

RON218

RON217

RON216

RON215

RON213

EN123A

KAM77-1

ES/PE

ES/PP

CL/PP

III

2004

2005

2007

1973

1997

2003

2004

2005

1998

2002

1998

1999

1991

1992

1993

1994

1998

30.7

14.9

1.05

2.4

0.5

2.5

14.1

1.5

88.7

9.27

1.9

6.4

1.3

1.8

6.3

1.2

2.3

2.5

6.1

4.8

2.7

2.5

1.2

30.4

14.2

400

13150

18950

8587

4447

250

595

340

283

329

208

7338

1013

13591

1043

649

992

899

810

3906

380

1375

939

5650

458

3050

1176

945

1437

440

11020

1650

4285

1888

3386

747

139

301

361

190

11245

256

158

182

178

176

2872

192

976

722

5231

2251

728

483

569

220

8043

978

1126

200

428

473

660

298

566

141

283

658

520

675

153

112

341

155

691

450

620

316

229

408

269

183

500

245

350

575

366

362

550

301

850

450

400

450

1150

600

1150

43.5

59.5

43.5

22.5

52.5

23.5

12.4

6.32

5.1188235

39.44

40.01375

17.69

52.222222

4.7934783

6.8478261

11.25

7.1608696

7.0826087

48.125

6.1508696

78.12

7.584

30.71294118

90.712

840.28875

44.225

318.5555556

23.00869565

18.48913043

28.125

8.593043478

215.3113043

144.375

87.34234783

RON

KAM

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

TAR

KAM

RON

KAM

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

KAM6

RON182

KAM18

KAM90-3

KAM90-1

EN144

EN143

KAM40

EN142

TAR1B

KAM80B

KAM80

RON220

EN149

RON152

KAM65

KAM35B

NAL284B

EN126B

EN126A

KAM5

KAM4A

RON158

KAM14A

EN98B

NAL261

EN123B

RON179

KAM61

RON186

KAM59

KAM20

RON164

PP/JP

PP/CL

PP/JP

PP/GR

OP/PP

PP/CO

PODO/OLEA

JP/OLEA SPP

GR/PP

GR/AF

III

2004

2005

2006

2007

1943

1935

1998

1999

2000

2004

2006

2007

1997

1998

2000

2001

2002

2004

5.7

77.1

19.6

17.2

7.3

22.2

2.7

1.6

2.1

0.92

0.5

0.9

2.7

1.5

1.6

0.5

46.7

53.1

38.1

13.4

0.57

2679

40477

2861

6860

15417

32600

10320

4791

1775

47080

3350

5600

18077

990

267

1260

713

850

275

525

2250

2950

2880

13796

825

907

342

31151

36864

30956

6253

142

683

119

7920

355

344

4640

2490

931

582

190

2440

457

225

867

482

432

108

312

214

242

7958

5306

4200

1343

181

470

525

286

350

183

857

600

656

355

535

335

466

814

366

166

600

775

850

550

583

562

245

1066

919

550

566

683

667

694

812

466

250

683

1500

30.5

23.5

30.5

36.5

16.5

44.25

5.3266667

12.775

6.9593333

3.85

5.3985

17.425667

13.6

14.869333

8.0466667

8.3816667

9.1566667

4.9706667

16.551333

30.362

984.9525

69.59333333

75.46

453.474

662.1753333

233.92

108.5461333

40.23333333

737.5866667

91.56666667

59.648

367.4396

RON

TAR

NAL

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

KAM

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

RON

RONGAI

ENDONET

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

EN109A

EN102A

KAM41

EN96

KAM42

RON200

NAL293

NAL265

NAL254

NAL250

NAL242

EN112

RON238

RON192

KAM91

KAM28A

RON194

RON193

RON191

NAL264

NAL263

NAL252A

NAL240

EN93

TAR5

TAR4_1

RON237

RON189

KAM37

KAM30

KAM13

KAM7

KAM64

OP/GR

PP/ES

PP/CL

PP/GR

PP/JP

III

2002

2003

2004

26.93

9.1

83.3

90.7

7.4

18.4

1.4

1.2

46.7

1.3

23.5

26.8

5.9

25.2

12.7

3.7

1.2

2.9

13526

10900

2443

2332

7200

44701

47000

41470

8600

633

4841

6356

38328

14526

852

7750

600

26750

38960

1105

17821

18450

11964

688

8425

8593

27850

21081

5159

7775

555

650

1136

3480

2984

1556

1384

2270

12553

15702

11515

1582

259

1387

1265

15335

5247

1255

12030

9108

172

5914

5299

3557

3077

3855

10188

6232

870

1862

276

502

778

271

256

240

536

652

457

477

633

654

706

677

789

608

387

500

514

834

850

758

1025

446

116

648

716

663

836

406

647

150

541

391

1500

850

1500

850

1500

850

1500

850

1500

51.5

32.75

49.5

32.75

17.5

32.75

17.5

49.5

17.5

49.5

32.75

47.5

24.5

8.3666667

39.357647

13.709412

15.510588

12.141176

11.702667

37.969412

9.9778333

5.565

13.8205

7.63

8.2366667

39.425294

45.947647

7.0933333

4.515

5.8333333

29.932941

18.209

18.133333

24.003333

32.458333

11.596

1.3146667

20.52

22.673333

20.995

26.473333

6.6313333

13.802667

2.45

6.1313333

6.3863333

225.3143333

551.0070588

123.3847059

141.1463529

364.2352941

974.8321333

2733.797647

904.9894833

100.17

13.8205

56.462

74.13

2207.816471

845.4367059

9.930666667

90.3

1556.512941

850.3603

23.57333333

564.0783333

584.25

310.7728

7.756533333

266.76

272.08

881.79

667.128

84.21793333

165.632

9.065

7.3576

18.52036667

NAL

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

NAL

KAM

NALEMURU

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

KAM75

KAM74

KAM71B

KAM69

KAM68

KAM67

KAM57

KAM35A

KAM34

KAM33

KAM31

NAL284A

KAM85

KAM60B

KAM22

KAM15

KAM10

KAM21

RON184

KAM84

NAL295B

NAL295A

NAL291

NAL260

EN92

RON180

KAM56

KAM55

KAM51

KAM36

NAL292

EN101

NAL297

PP/CO

PP/JP

PP/GR

III

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

3.9

10.3

8.9

11.6

3.3

7.7

17.6

1.5

21.5

10.5

29.9

27.8

57.1

50.6

3.2

59.2

25.7

18.8

13.5

19.1

3656

9494

3981

5433

3226

5352

22989

4675

22083

3135

14700

4572

11633

163

12500

13975

26200

3733

23079

10078

8250

35200

38657

35907

2053

42665

10509

12171

15672

15229

7875

11825

18550

1256

3546

1493

2008

1305

14483

6788

1607

8469

1099

6302

1457

2474

4093

3955

7423

1068

1166

2750

2744

13974

10711

9556

279

12780

2917

2660

4945

4229

2873

2687

1649

937

678

568

527

362

461

547

389

683

950

612

593

660

108

625

650

451

355

771

362

825

800

677

709

641

720

408

647

460

585

583

619

189

1000

900

1000

1200

900

1000

1200

1000

1200

900

1200

1500

850

900

1000

1500

900

1000

900

1000

850

1500

25.75

19.5

25.75

19.5

34.5

19.5

56.5

25.5

43.75

18.5

2.268

24.362

17.628

14.768

20.494444

9.412

7.6833333

9.1166667

6.4833333

26.561111

36.944444

23.8

15.26975

10.725

1.755

16.09375

10.5625

17.288333

5.76875

9.766

24.062353

31.166667

30.222222

17.2635

18.0795

8.1193333

27.2

15.413333

16.4985

17.377778

14.9175

30.007353

7.6343333

222.264

95.0118

246.792

103.376

211.0927778

83.7668

89.12666667

382.9

77.8

664.0277778

121.9166667

571.2

117.577075

188.76

2.6325

321.875

227.09375

1002.723333

60.571875

292.0034

668.9334118

311.6666667

1329.777778

985.74585

914.8227

25.98186667

1610.24

396.1226667

310.1718

590.8444444

387.855

405.0992647

145.8157667

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

NAL

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

NALEMURU

NAL

NALEMURU

NAL

NALEMURU

NAL

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RON

RONGAI

NAL

KAM

KAMWANGA

NALEMURU

KAM

KAMWANGA

NAL279

NAL262

NAL229

NAL228

NAL227

NAL226

NAL270

NAL255

RON170

NAL289

RON235

EN100

RON210

RON169

RON236

RON209

EN98A

EN97

RON208

RON207

RON206

RON205

RON204

RON203

RON202

RON177

KAM70

NAL277A

NAL245

EN117

RON178

KAM77

KAM76

CL/PP

PP/CL

PP/GR

PP/AM

III

1998

2000

2009

2004

2011

2002

2000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

57.5

76.7

52.8

6.2

4.7

27.4

16.1

7.3

16.6

0.2

72.2

3.4

36.1

12.7

37.3

4.6

6.3

31.8

9.2

10.4

14.4

1.3

58.8

25.5

17.3

40.4

9.4

2.4

54572

56450

37055

2971

658

43715

14581

13056

4928

9026

160

41257

2153

3900

12083

8202

9619

1265

4830

18425

5827

5590

7069

11200

910

57864

1200

51038

24278

8094

41309

1462

1050

24041

19131

807

11478

2538

6650

2814

4904

13146

1786

2577

2940

3237

4941

562

1545

7544

1845

2289

2633

4959

321

20753

224

20228

8508

3622

15466

614

251

949

834

479

754

532

810

675

543

800

571

633

325

334

645

257

275

766

579

633

537

490

400

700

635

400

868

952

467

1022

155

437

850

900

1500

700

550

700

1200

550

500

1200

1000

900

1000

900

1000

900

1200

900

850

900

1000

1200

29.5

23.5

34.75

47.25

35.5

26.5

35.5

26.5

35.5

9.048

52.474118

31.506667

16.605333

47.442857

36.204545

18.229286

11.333333

9.0408333

39.994091

30.7125

5.845

17.415

10.137222

7.2875

30.214444

22.838333

16.7745

21.181667

19.327778

15.777778

27.611111

25.047222

6.6666667

33.755556

37.022222

25.822353

39.744444

4.03

7.2833333

17.48

3017.261765

2416.561333

102.9530667

524.784

763.83

264.2931818

302.6061429

2.266666667

652.7481667

135.9799091

368.55

211.0045

221.1705

378.1183889

33.5225

190.351

726.259

154.3254

220.2893333

278.32

441.7777778

35.89444444

2279.297222

1984.826667

944.0666667

446.7267059

1605.675556

37.882

NAL

KAM

TAR

KAM

NAN

KAM

RON

TAR

RON

TAR

KAM

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

TARAKEA

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

TARAKEA

KAMWANGA

KAM78

TAR4_4B

EN150

EN107A

EN145

EN111B

EN110

TAR2B

RON173

RON172

EN122

EN106

TAR4_6

RON160

RON159

RON157

KAM14B

NAN4B

EN111A

EN135A

EN134

EN133

EN132

EN131

KAM17

KAM14A

TAR4_2

EN148

KAM12-2

KAM87

NAL199

NAL294

NAL281

CL/PP

AM/CL

III

2009

2008

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

1998

2004

1996

1999

4.7

23.8

23.09

12.9

1.8

21.7

41.3

5.5

1.3

68.4

45.3

3.4

3.9

2.8

3.3

44.7

57.6

70.7

25.6

5325

8997

17196

18186

5599

9197

10297

13142

10962

1410

11636

34660

16871

1925

2200

1690

1018

32343

22752

11197

2379

3184

1866

4349

1183

950

13835

8294

4049

12445

32246

33795

19657

169

136

190

266

181

5712

11184

7831

7667

1133

899

722

787

350

919

1144

597

849

783

536

839

674

350

733

422

783

472

502

699

816

666

724

358

532

633

578

278

560

478

768

900

1000

1500

1000

47.5

34.5

29.44

7.228

17.733333

10.038

753.664

323.0916

1021.44

709.6866

NAL

TAR

KAM

RON

KAM

TAR

NAN

KAM

TAR

NAN

KAM

ENDONET

NALEMURU

TARAKEA

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

NANJARA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

NANJARA

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAM

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

NAN

NANJARA

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

EN123B

KAM71A

KAM29

EN141A

KAM11

NAN4A

TAR2A

KAM19

KAM20

EN108

NAN1

TAR4_4A

TAR4_3

TAR3

KAM27

KAM28B

KAM24A

RON153

KAM19

KAM12-1

KAM14B

TAR4_5

NAL251

NAL243

EN141B

EN140

EN135B

KAM72

KAM4B

KAM1

NAN4C

KAM79

PP/AM

JP OTHER PLANTED OTHER PLANTED PP

GR/PP

EG/EU

CO/PP

III

1998

2008

2011

2010

2009

2008

2011

2010

2009

2012

2011

2008

2010

2009

2010

2009

0.5

1.5

1.9

1.6

41.4

2.5

1.13

52.8

74.9

4.3

48.2

2.5

1.3

2.2

25.6

3.1

12.1

13.6

1.5

18.53

342

1013

649

7698

1120

14854

18358

1774

425

46239

51605

28594

41984

30157

3095

1951

37920

2166

375

3999

20303

2089

28472

2324

7863

5344

1150

25814

2840

1834

9447

190

158

166

493

481

369

532

195

683

675

341

769

699

358

367

709

250

875

689

752

626

558

719

243

786

866

150

1332

534

949

1112

749

649

393

766

860

102

153

787

RON

NAL

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

ENDONET

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NAL

NALEMURU

RON

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

BLOCK ID

ENDONET

BLOCK

RON

RONGAI

EN121

KAM86

GR/PP

EN120

EN202B

EN119

RON239

NAL246

RON176

EN116

EN128

EN127

EN115

EN114

KAM90-4

RON187B

RON187A

NAL249

EN148

RON155

RON156

KAM28C

EN138

RON165

CMPT

KAM12_2

KAM9

NAL261

EN98C

EN98B

EN98A

RON179

CL/PP

AM/CO

AM/AF/CO/CL

AF/CL/GR

SPP

AGE

III

SITE CLASS

1973

1999

1986

1993

1997

1998

2002

2003

2005

2006

2003

2004

2005

2007

2004

P/YEAR

2.4

10.2

15.5

16.5

1.6

1.5

37.3

46.7

7.9

0.39

7.9

63.4

1.6

1.8

16.5

5.3

4.7

2.2

3.5

1.4

12.2

3.28

3.5

0.9

AREA

4641

201

3442

25888

1253

1695

7838

3092

2960

3466

1027

1604

1027

8800

6507

1665

592

1100

876

810

1267

TREES/COMPT

340

6298

907

283

825

9619

31151

1474

1486

12895

269

266

1156

346

379

281

100

429

872

1968

384

147

284

426

VOLUME/COMPT

747

1745

242

139

214

4941

7958

587

516

435

408

783

941

475

583

740

737

466

450

733

586

533

508

591

275

250

899

633

TREES/HA

141

617

566

283

550

257

667

1000

950

1500

YTSPH

58.5

13.5

45.5

73.5

29.25

33.5

15.25

YTCAI

26.7085

23.478

33.655263

31.566316

15.2685

18.3495

14.566667

9.328

16.526667

7.4928333

7.456

17.55

6.597

15.626667

ADJCAI

16.4032

61.425

9.2358

234.4

210.99715

9.15642

265.8765789

2001.304421

24.4296

33.0291

240.35

49.4384

66.10666667

35.21631667

COMPTCAI

NAL

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

KAM

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RON

RONGAI

KAM

NAL

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RON

RONGAI

KAM47

KAM3

KAM71A

EN137

KAM1

KAM29

KAM60

KAM26

KAM25

NAL241

NAL222

RON233

EN105

RON168A

RON168B

EN104

RON218

RON217

RON216

RON215

RON213

EN123A

KAM77-1

NAL273

EN99

NAL252B

EN118

EN109B

RON201

NAL231

RON166

ES/PP

CL/PP

CL/GR/JP

III

2004

2005

1998

2002

1998

1999

1991

1992

1993

1994

1998

2000

2001

2002

2.5

14.1

1.5

88.7

9.27

1.9

6.4

1.3

1.8

6.3

1.2

2.3

2.5

6.1

4.8

2.7

2.5

1.2

30.4

14.2

36.1

23.3

29.5

9.8

16.4

208

7338

1013

13591

1043

649

992

899

810

3906

380

1375

939

5650

458

3050

1176

945

1437

440

11020

1650

4285

29081

10194

27400

11554

5880

40300

750

10728

361

190

11245

256

158

182

178

176

2872

192

976

722

5231

2251

728

483

569

220

8043

978

1126

14107

4928

6668

4660

1480

11885

146

1706

520

675

153

112

341

155

691

450

620

316

229

408

269

183

500

245

350

575

366

362

550

301

805

437

913

391

600

671

750

654

850

450

400

450

1150

600

1150

600

1500

1000

1500

1000

1500

43.5

59.5

43.5

22.5

52.5

23.5

52.5

21.5

33.75

47.75

45.5

19.5

8.502

12.4

6.32

5.1188235

39.44

40.01375

17.69

52.222222

4.7934783

6.8478261

11.25

7.1608696

7.0826087

48.125

6.1508696

70.4375

6.2636667

30.81375

12.446833

12.8

30.5305

34.125

78.12

7.584

30.71294118

90.712

840.28875

44.225

318.5555556

23.00869565

18.48913043

28.125

8.593043478

215.3113043

144.375

87.34234783

2542.79375

145.9434333

924.4125

367.1815833

125.44

1831.83

34.125

139.4328

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

RON

KAM

RON

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

NAL

KAM

RON

RONGAI

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

RON220

EN149

RON152

KAM65

KAM35B

NAL284B

EN126B

EN126A

KAM5

KAM4A

RON158

KAM14A

EN98B

NAL261

EN123B

RON179

KAM61

RON186

KAM59

KAM20

RON164

NAL277B

RON188

KAM90-2

KAM32

KAM28D

KAM28B

KAM24B

EN121

EN98C

RON175

PODO/OLEA

JP/OLEA SPP

GR/PP

GR/AF

ES/PE

III

2007

1943

1935

1998

1999

2000

2004

2006

2007

1997

1998

2000

2001

2002

2004

2005

2007

1973

1997

2003

22.2

2.7

1.6

2.1

0.92

0.5

0.9

2.7

1.5

1.6

0.5

46.7

53.1

38.1

13.4

0.57

30.7

14.9

1.05

2.4

0.5

18077

990

267

1260

713

850

275

525

2250

2950

2880

13796

825

907

342

31151

36864

30956

6253

142

683

400

13150

18950

8587

4447

250

595

340

283

329

867

482

432

108

312

214

242

7958

5306

4200

1343

181

1888

3386

747

139

301

814

366

166

600

775

850

550

583

562

245

1066

919

550

566

683

667

694

812

466

250

683

200

428

473

660

298

566

141

283

658

1500

30.5

16.551333

367.4396

KAM

RON

KAM

RON

TAR

NAL

RON

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAM

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

TAR

TARAKEA

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM

KAMWANGA

KAM91

KAM28A

RON194

RON193

RON191

NAL264

NAL263

NAL252A

NAL240

EN93

TAR5

TAR4_1

RON237

RON189

KAM37

KAM30

KAM13

KAM7

KAM64

KAM6

RON182

KAM18

KAM90-3

KAM90-1

EN144

EN143

KAM40

EN142

TAR1B

KAM80B

KAM80

PP/CL

PP/GR

PP/JP

PP/CL

PP/JP

PP/GR

OP/PP

PP/CO

III

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

1.4

1.2

46.7

1.3

23.5

26.8

5.9

25.2

12.7

3.7

1.2

2.9

5.7

77.1

19.6

17.2

7.3

852

7750

600

26750

38960

1105

17821

18450

11964

688

8425

8593

27850

21081

5159

7775

555

650

1136

2679

40477

2861

6860

15417

32600

10320

4791

1775

47080

3350

5600

1255

12030

9108

172

5914

5299

3557

3077

3855

10188

6232

870

1862

276

119

7920

355

344

4640

2490

931

582

190

2440

457

225

608

387

500

514

834

850

758

1025

446

116

648

716

663

836

406

647

150

541

391

470

525

286

350

183

857

600

656

355

535

335

466

1500

850

1500

17.5

49.5

32.75

47.5

24.5

36.5

16.5

44.25

30.5

23.5

7.0933333

4.515

5.8333333

29.932941

18.209

18.133333

24.003333

32.458333

11.596

1.3146667

20.52

22.673333

20.995

26.473333

6.6313333

13.802667

2.45

6.1313333

6.3863333

5.3266667

12.775

6.9593333

3.85

5.3985

17.425667

13.6

14.869333

8.0466667

8.3816667

9.1566667

4.9706667

59.648

9.930666667

90.3

1556.512941

850.3603

23.57333333

564.0783333

584.25

310.7728

7.756533333

266.76

272.08

881.79

667.128

84.21793333

165.632

9.065

7.3576

18.52036667

30.362

984.9525

69.59333333

75.46

453.474

662.1753333

233.92

108.5461333

40.23333333

737.5866667

91.56666667

RON

NAL

RON

KAM

NAL

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

KAM

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

KAM10

KAM21

RON184

KAM84

NAL295B

NAL295A

NAL291

NAL260

EN92

RON180

KAM56

KAM55

KAM51

KAM36

NAL292

EN101

NAL297

EN109A

EN102A

KAM41

EN96

KAM42

RON200

NAL293

NAL265

NAL254

NAL250

NAL242

EN112

RON238

RON192

PP/CO

PP/JP

PP/GR

OP/GR

PP/ES

III

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

10.5

29.9

27.8

57.1

50.6

3.2

59.2

25.7

18.8

13.5

19.1

26.93

9.1

83.3

90.7

7.4

18.4

26200

3733

23079

10078

8250

35200

38657

35907

2053

42665

10509

12171

15672

15229

7875

11825

18550

13526

10900

2443

2332

7200

44701

47000

41470

8600

633

4841

6356

38328

14526

5247

7423

1068

1166

2750

2744

13974

10711

9556

279

12780

2917

2660

4945

4229

2873

2687

1649

3480

2984

1556

1384

2270

12553

15702

11515

1582

259

1387

1265

15335

451

355

771

362

825

800

677

709

641

720

408

647

460

585

583

619

189

502

778

271

256

240

536

652

457

477

633

654

706

677

789

900

1200

1500

850

900

1000

1500

900

1000

900

1000

850

1500

850

1500

850

1500

850

34.5

19.5

56.5

25.5

43.75

18.5

51.5

32.75

49.5

32.75

17.5

32.75

17.5

49.5

17.288333

5.76875

9.766

24.062353

31.166667

30.222222

17.2635

18.0795

8.1193333

27.2

15.413333

16.4985

17.377778

14.9175

30.007353

7.6343333

2.268

8.3666667

39.357647

13.709412

15.510588

12.141176

11.702667

37.969412

9.9778333

5.565

13.8205

7.63

8.2366667

39.425294

45.947647

1002.723333

60.571875

292.0034

668.9334118

311.6666667

1329.777778

985.74585

914.8227

25.98186667

1610.24

396.1226667

310.1718

590.8444444

387.855

405.0992647

145.8157667

222.264

225.3143333

551.0070588

123.3847059

141.1463529

364.2352941

974.8321333

2733.797647

904.9894833

100.17

13.8205

56.462

74.13

2207.816471

845.4367059

NAL

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

RON

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

RON

KAM

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAM

KAMWANGA

RON

KAM

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAM

KAMWANGA

RON208

RON207

RON206

RON205

RON204

RON203

RON202

RON177

KAM70

NAL277A

NAL245

EN117

RON178

KAM77

KAM76

KAM75

KAM74

KAM71B

KAM69

KAM68

KAM67

KAM57

KAM35A

KAM34

KAM33

KAM31

NAL284A

KAM85

KAM60B

KAM22

KAM15

PP/AM

III

1997

1998

1999

6.3

31.8

9.2

10.4

14.4

1.3

58.8

25.5

17.3

40.4

9.4

2.4

3.9

10.3

8.9

11.6

3.3

7.7

17.6

1.5

21.5

4830

18425

5827

5590

7069

11200

910

57864

1200

51038

24278

8094

41309

1462

1050

3656

9494

3981

5433

3226

5352

22989

4675

22083

3135

14700

4572

11633

163

12500

13975

1545

7544

1845

2289

2633

4959

321

20753

224

20228

8508

3622

15466

614

251

1256

3546

1493

2008

1305

14483

6788

1607

8469

1099

6302

1457

2474

4093

3955

766

579

633

537

490

400

700

635

400

868

952

467

1022

155

437

937

678

568

527

362

461

547

389

683

950

612

593

660

108

625

650

900

1000

900

1200

900

850

900

1000

1200

1000

900

1000

1200

900

1000

1200

1000

1200

19.5

35.5

26.5

35.5

25.75

19.5

25.75

10.5625

30.214444

22.838333

16.7745

21.181667

19.327778

15.777778

27.611111

25.047222

6.6666667

33.755556

37.022222

25.822353

39.744444

4.03

7.2833333

24.362

17.628

14.768

20.494444

9.412

7.6833333

9.1166667

6.4833333

26.561111

36.944444

23.8

15.26975

10.725

1.755

16.09375

190.351

726.259

154.3254

220.2893333

278.32

441.7777778

35.89444444

2279.297222

1984.826667

944.0666667

446.7267059

1605.675556

37.882

17.48

95.0118

246.792

103.376

211.0927778

83.7668

89.12666667

382.9

77.8

664.0277778

121.9166667

571.2

117.577075

188.76

2.6325

321.875

227.09375

RON

NAL

RON

NAL

KAM

TAR

KAM

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

RONGAI

NALEMURU

RONGAI

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

TARAKEA

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

EN134

EN133

EN132

EN131

KAM17

KAM14A

TAR4_2

EN148

KAM12-2

KAM87

NAL199

NAL294

NAL281

NAL279

NAL262

NAL229

NAL228

NAL227

NAL226

NAL270

NAL255

RON170

NAL289

RON235

EN100

RON210

RON169

RON236

RON209

EN98A

EN97

AM/CL

CL/PP

PP/CL

PP/GR

III

2008

1998

2004

1996

1999

1998

2000

2009

2004

2011

2002

2000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

4.6

3.4

3.9

2.8

3.3

44.7

57.6

70.7

25.6

57.5

76.7

52.8

6.2

4.7

27.4

16.1

7.3

16.6

0.2

72.2

3.4

36.1

12.7

37.3

2379

3184

1866

4349

1183

950

13835

8294

4049

12445

32246

33795

19657

54572

56450

37055

2971

658

43715

14581

13056

4928

9026

160

41257

2153

3900

12083

8202

9619

1265

562

266

181

5712

11184

7831

7667

24041

19131

807

11478

2538

6650

2814

4904

13146

1786

2577

2940

3237

4941

699

816

666

724

358

532

633

578

278

560

478

768

949

834

479

754

532

810

675

543

800

571

633

325

334

645

257

275

1000

1500

1000

900

850

900

1500

700

550

700

1200

550

500

1200

1000

900

1000

47.5

34.5

29.5

23.5

34.75

47.25

35.5

26.5

7.2875

9.048

7.228

17.733333

10.038

29.44

52.474118

31.506667

16.605333

47.442857

36.204545

18.229286

11.333333

9.0408333

39.994091

30.7125

5.845

17.415

10.137222

33.5225

323.0916

1021.44

709.6866

753.664

3017.261765

2416.561333

102.9530667

524.784

763.83

264.2931818

302.6061429

2.266666667

652.7481667

135.9799091

368.55

211.0045

221.1705

378.1183889

RON

TAR

RON

TAR

KAM

NAN

KAM

NAL

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

RONGAI

TARAKEA

ENDONET

TARAKEA

KAMWANGA

NANJARA

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

NALEMURU

TAR

KAM

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

NAN

NALEMURU

NAL

ENDONET

NALEMURU

ENDONET

TAR4_5

NAL251

NAL243

EN141B

EN140

EN135B

KAM72

KAM4B

KAM1

NAN4C

KAM79

KAM78

TAR4_4B

EN150

EN107A

EN145

EN111B

EN110

TAR2B

RON173

RON172

EN122

EN106

TAR4_6

RON160

RON159

RON157

KAM14B

NAN4B

EN111A

EN135A

GR/PP

EG/EU

CO/PP

CL/PP

2009

2012

2011

2008

2010

2009

2010

2009

2008

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2.2

25.6

3.1

12.1

13.6

1.5

18.53

4.7

23.8

23.09

12.9

1.8

21.7

41.3

5.5

1.3

68.4

45.3

20303

2089

28472

2324

7863

5344

1150

25814

2840

1834

9447

5325

8997

17196

18186

5599

9197

10297

13142

10962

1410

11636

34660

16871

1925

2200

1690

1018

32343

22752

11197

169

136

190

534

949

1112

749

649

393

766

860

102

153

787

1133

899

722

787

350

919

1144

597

849

783

536

839

674

350

733

422

783

472

502

699

KAM

RON

KAM

TAR

NAN

KAM

TAR

NAN

KAM

RON

NAL

KAM

KAMWANGA

RONGAI

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

NANJARA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

TARAKEA

NANJARA

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

RONGAI

ENDONET

NALEMURU

KAMWANGA

ENDONET

KAM14B

EN121

KAM86

KAM12_2

KAM9

NAL261

EN98C

EN98B

EN98A

RON179

EN123B

KAM71A

KAM29

EN141A

KAM11

NAN4A

TAR2A

KAM19

KAM20

EN108

NAN1

TAR4_4A

TAR4_3

TAR3

KAM27

KAM28B

KAM24A

RON153

KAM19

KAM12-1

GR/PP

PP/AM

OTHER PLANTED

JP 3

2010

1973

1999

1986

1993

1997

1998

2008

2011

2010

2009

2008

2011

2010

2.4

10.2

15.5

16.5

1.6

1.5

37.3

46.7

0.5

1.5

1.9

1.6

41.4

2.5

1.13

52.8

74.9

4.3

48.2

2.5

1.3

340

6298

907

283

825

9619

31151

342

1013

649

7698

1120

14854

18358

1774

425

46239

51605

28594

41984

30157

3095

1951

37920

2166

375

3999

747

1745

242

139

214

4941

7958

190

158

166

493

481

369

532

195

141

617

566

283

550

257

667

683

675

341

769

699

358

367

709

250

875

689

752

626

558

719

243

786

866

150

1332

Month

Transportation of Transplants to planting sites

Preparing, arranging and counting of transplants for field planting

Root pruning

Pre-treatment of seeds

Beating up in the pots

Repairing of revetments And wire tensioning

Spraying, pricking out and weeding

Watering of pots, watering and sowing of seeds

Soil mixing, soil watering And pot filling

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

March

CALENDER FOR ANNUAL NURSERY OPERATIONS NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION

Preparation of soil in the Forest and transportation to the nursery

Operations

Appendix 5:

April

May

June

Appendix 6: MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMS CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Form 1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOREST PLANTATION: NORTH KILIMANJARO FOREST PLANTATION DATE:2013/2014 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2017/2018 AREA AND TREE SPECIES (full scientific name and hectares) (1) AREA WITH SATISFACTORY GROWING STOCK Softwoods: Pinus patula(3402.3ha), Cupressus lusitanica(792.3ha); others mixed(782.4ha) , Juniperus proceraPinus (110ha). Total:

5,087.0 ha.

Sawing Scheme:

5,087.0 ha.

Pulpwood Scheme:

0 ha.

Hardwoods: Grevillea robusta (234.5ha); Eucalyptus sp. (355.36 ha) other hardwoods (347.4ha.) Total:

937.26 ha

Normal Scheme:

937.26 ha.

Pulpwood Scheme:

0ha.

(2) OPEN AREAS (AND OTHER AREAS) ONCE PLANTED BUT NOW IN NEED OF REPLANTING Ordinary clear felled areas: 110 ha. Encroached areas

0 ha

Burnt areas:

0 ha

Wind fallen areas:

0 ha

Beating up In other ways damaged areas: Total replanting needs:

50 ha. 0 ha. 110 ha.

Species to be used for replanting of above areas: - Softwoods: Mostly pines including Pinus patula and others Softwoods, total: 110 ha - Hardwoods: Eucalyptus sp. and few others. (3) TOTAL PLANTATION AREA Softwoods (Item 1+Item 2) Hardwoods (Item 1+Item 2) Total (Total plantation areas once planted):

5,197 ha 937.26 ha 6,134.26 ha

(4) EXTENSION POSSIBILITIES AND PLANS Total area available for extension on plantation: 462 ha Area planned to be planted within five years: 462 ha Species planned to be used: Softwood (Pines) Grand Total (Total planted area at the end of the plan period): 6,134.26 ha Natural forest 504.74 Ha, Buffer zone fire lines 968 Ha. (5) ROTATION AGE (Years and MAI (m3 ob/ha/year) - Softwood: 25 years with MAI of 22 m3/ha/year - Hardwood: various rotation ages with respect to productivity and market demand. Appendix 7: FIRE PLAN This is an outline of the fire protection plan for the North Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation and neighboring natural forest and heather land above the plantation. It is a standing instruction to all staff the Plantation area. 5.1. Fire causes (1) Burning operation on shambas following clear felling during harvesting (2) Travelers n roads and paths including touristsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; paths and mountain climbers. (3) Enter of bush fires from outside the forest. (4) Hunting (Poachers). (5) Arsons. (6) Bee honey collectors. (7) Saw millers logging crew during their activities. 5.1.2 Fire seasons The critical fire season is from July to November, and occasionally during February â&#x20AC;&#x201C; March. 5.1.2. Vulnerable areas The following list indicates the order of priority, which help in determining the degree of patrol and attention: (1) Area adjacent to newly harvested compartments. (2) Areas of local community neighboring the half-mile strip, Nanjara, Tarakea and Usseri range. (3) Endonet, Lolarishi Kamwanga to Kitendeni along the boundary because of local residents (mainly Masai) who are cattle herders. (4) Stone land and mountaineering routes. (5) Banks of Kitauti river. NB: The above list does not prevent the possibility of fire occurring anywhere else within the plantation. 5.1.3. Fire protection measures (permanent measures) Fire protection measures will be of two types: (i) Mojor firebreaks The are clear felled or cultivated belts of 33.0 m wide or planted with Eucalyptus tree species. These firebreaks will be slashed annually in May and June before the onset of the fire season.

(ii) Minor firebreak Minor firebreaks will start and end at the road and compartment boundaries 13.2 m wide. Where the road exists, it will be kept clean of vegetation. These areas will be planted with Eucalyptus as live fire belts. Existing Eucalyptus plantations will be converted into green firebreaks and the produce can be utilized for fuelwood, posts and transmission poles. 5.1.4 Location of fire breaks (1)

Kikelelwa river to Tarakea River long the upper boundary of the half mile strip.

(2)

Eastern end of plantation along Motamburu River.

(3)

Eastern bank if Kikelelwa river down to North boundary of Forest reserve.

(4)

Western bank of Kikelelwa river down to North boundary and Republic of Kenya.

(5)

Kikelelwa river to Kamwanga river along forest reserve boundary and Republic of Kenya.

(6)

Below the former rest house to Kitauti on both sides of Kitauti River.

(7)

Shrubland between road and compartments 150 and 145.

(8)

Both sides of Buruani Valley.

(9)

Both sides of Lolarashi valley.

(10) Upper boundary of plantation (150 m strip). 5.1.5 Communication 5.1.5.1. Roads Roads will provide access for fire fighting and fire baseline for counter firing. 5.1.5.2. Telephone Telephone service providers (both landline) and cellular p hone) cover the entire plantation area. There is also a radio communication system liking each range. During this plan period, this telecommunication system will be maintained. 5.1.5.3 Equipment The following equipments are available for fire fighting. Additional equipment will be procured during the plan period. Item Quantity in stock Required Remarks L/Cruiser Pick up 1 1 Water tanks (Bowers) 2 Water pumps (engines) 2 1 1 engine is out of order Wide rakes 110 Chain saws 2 1 For fire fighting/fire suppression Overall Boots 30 Fire beaters 25 Holes 10 10 Pangas 20 Axes 15 Knap Sprayers 10 Water containers 10 Bow saws 10 NB: The vehicle and other relevant equipment will also be available for fire fighting when need arises. 76

5.1.5.4. Shamba allocation Attention will be given to the clear felled areas where there is a lot of burnable materials which can be source fires during land preparation. 5.1.5.5. Responsibility of staff Forest staffs are immediately responsible for all fire prevention measures in the assigned ranges and they will organize and supervise fire-fighting operation. There will always be a responsible Officer on duty, a standby vehicle and driver and other staffs on duty at the plantation main office all time during the fire season. A fire roster will be prepared and maintained during fire season. Every licensee is obliged to participate in fire fighting and this is one of the conditions to obtain license. During the period of highest fire danger there will be a permanent nucleus of fire fighting crew of six men at the range centre. 5.1.5.6. Burning regulations Burning in sambas will require the permission of Assistant Forest Officer in charge of the Range who must be satisfied that there is no risk of fire escaping before giving this permission. This officer will have to check the area if it adjacent plantation or it is next to area of high fire danger. 5.1.5.7. Training People will be trained on fire fighting techniques (on-job training). The training will emphasize:(i) The importance of preventing fires. (ii) The importance of quick and unconditional response to fire alarms. (iii) Means and methods of fire suppression. (iv) Use of fire fighting equipment and tools. (v) Safety measures during fire fighting. 5.1.5.8. Maintenance of fire equipment All equipment will be checked just before the onset of dry season and immediately after use. After work and on weekends vehicles will be filled up with fuel and left in good running condition. Water tanks will be filled up with water at all time and immediately after use. Chain saws will be checked and kept in good running order 5.1.5.9. Fire fighting Different fires require different fire methods. The method of fighting will be decided by the fire boss in â&#x20AC;&#x201C;charge but it can involve either or both of:(i) Direct attack. (ii) Indirect attack. Both methods involve:(i) Beating up smoother. (ii) Suppression by spraying with water. (iii) Isolation by hoeing, ploughing or bulldozing. (iv) Counter-firing, but it is unlikely that all methods will be applied at once and for the same fire. 5.1.5.10 Fire patrols These will be arranged by the Assistant Foresters in charges of ranges and will cover all areas of fire danger. Forest fires outside the plantation area and in the heather land will be fought and suppressed as if they are within the plantation.

5.1.5.11. Fire report After a fire within plantation or natural forest, the Forest Manager will submit a report together with his comments to the Director of Forest and Beekeeping Division. The fire report will include: (i) Forest Plantation name and date. (ii) Location of fire (indicate compartment and sub-compartment species involved and year planted. (iii) Time of the day and of the week the fire was reported. (iv) Cause or the supposed causes of the fire. (v) Weather conditions of that day (e.g cloudy, dry and sunny, strong winds, etc.) (vi) Means of reporting and when did fire crew reached scene of fire (if no exact time is known, state the approximate interval between time fire was reported and when the crew was dispatched to the fire). (vii) Interval between arrival of fire crew and extinguishing the fire. (viii) Number of people involved in the fire fighting operation. (ix) Type of equipment used during operation. (x) Damage (if any) sustained to equipment and estimated cost for repair and replacement of losses. (xi) Injuries sustained to personnel during the fire fighting operation. (xii) Acreage burnt and estimated cost of the damage. (xiii) Estimated cost of fighting the fire and if labor was paid or free.