EPR July 2014 by I-Tech Media Pvt Ltd

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Vol 2 Issue 9 • Pages 52 • July 1, 2014 • `100/- • www.eprmagazine.com

THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS ON ELECTRICAL & POWER

Fuel shortage versus govt efforts

Industry Analysis Metering Industry: growth prospects positive Feature New CPCB II norms: added advantage for gensets Green Zone CFD: innovative tool for wind resource assessment

An I-Tech Media Publication

Power line carrier communication

PowerLink - High voltage power line carrier Smart Grid Services

Separate communication cable not required PowerLink uses the high-voltage line between transformer substations as a communications path for data, protection signals and voice. This technology, which has been tried and tested over decades and adapted to the latest standards, has two main application areas: As a communications link between substations where a fiber-optic connection does not exist or would not be economically viable, and As a backup system for transmitting protection signals parallel to an installed fiber-optic link. Being an important technology for power networks, it goes through continuous improvement at Siemens. Over long distances with relatively low data volumes; PowerLink is still hard to beat in terms of cost effectiveness.

PowerLink provides the highest communication standards for power network protection. Its smooth integration into other types of communications technology like fiber-optic and satellite links opens the door to a variety of new features and functions. With its ability to switch from Analog to Digital transmission, it can work with both transmission modes at the same time. The advantages are: Cost-effective for small to medium data volumes over long distances. Use of utility-owned resources (power lines). Highest reliability (for example, for protection signaling). Can be used in effective combination with broadband technologies for highest availability. Write to us at: service.energy.in@siemens.com

Answers for infrastructure and cities.

editorial Power sector awaits better synergy

www.eprmagazine.com

I-Tech Media Pvt Ltd, 15/2, 2nd Floor, Chandroday Co-Op Society, Swastik Park, CST Road, Chembur, Mumbai - 400071. (India) Tel.: +91-22-32682214 / 15 GROUP EDITOR* Subhajit Roy Email: editor@eprmagazine.com EDITORIAL Afreen Sayed Parag Pujari ADVERTISING Leeyen Francis Email: leeyen@i-techmedia.com Call: +91-9987375673 SUBSCRIPTION subscribe@eprmagazine.com Telephone: +91-22-3268 2214/15 *responsible for selection of news under PRB Act

Off late the government has realised the need of better coordination within its various agencies. On assuming the charge as Minister of State (Independent Charge) for three energy ministries — Coal, Power, and New and Renewable Energy Piyush Goyal said these ministries have to work in tandem to cut down on costs and see that the objectives are achieved. This is being touted as one of the major steps toward bridging the gaps. Speaking at a conclave titled “Sampark, Samanvay Evam Samvad” in New Delhi, the Minister said that it is time to move beyond politics to performance, and that it is necessary to break barriers within the system. He observed that the ministries should send across a message of clarity, transparency and togetherness to the public. Three ministries together can add 1.5 per cent - 2.0 per cent to the GDP growth rate, he said. Many a time the differences between environmental and power ministries came to the open. Delay in environmental clearances for setting-up of power plants and coal mining is the biggest challenge the industry has faced so far. In an aim to remove the barriers, the new Minister has urged for close cooperation between coal and environment ministries. He said that the coal ministry would work in tandem with the environment ministry to ensure faster clearance of mining projects. Almost echoing his concern Prakash Javadekar, Minister of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change asked the officers “to come out of officialdom and work as part of a movement for nation-building.” Today, most of the state electricity boards (SEBs) across the country are struggling with finances. On another major initiative from the power ministry’s perspective, Mr Goyal has met representatives from various banks and financial institutions. He emphasised that increased participation by private companies in electricity distribution will help ease supply bottlenecks and reinstate investor confidence in the power sector. We wish the ‘good days are going to come’! Hope you will enjoy reading this issue as always. Please do send me your comments at editor@eprmagazine.com

Printed and published by Subhajit Roy on behalf of I-Tech Media Pvt Ltd. and printed at Print, Process Offset Printers, B-23, Royal Industrial Estate, 5-B, Wadala, Mumbai-400031 and published from I-Tech Media Pvt Ltd. 1, Gayatri, Karumari Amman, Chheda Nagar, Chembur (West), Mumbai - 400089. Editor: Subhajit Roy All rights reserved. While all efforts are made to ensure that the information published is correct, Electrical & Power Review holds no responsibility for any unlikely errors that might occur. The information on products and services / technology on offer is being provided for the reference of readers. However, readers are cautioned to make inquiries and take their decisions on purchase or investment after consulting experts on the subject. Electrical & Power Review holds no responsibility for any decision taken by readers on the basis of information provided herein. Tel.: +91-22-32682214/15, +91-9821667357

July 2014

Electrical & Power Review

Cover Story

Fuel shortage versus govt efforts

Time has come to reduce the dependence on imported coal. Significant reforms from govt side are needed in the coal sector to minimise the demand-supply gap

22 24 26

28 6

EPR PERSONALITY

Power sector to make a comeback: Power Grid

I. S. Jha, Director (Projects), PGCIL discusses issues surrounding Indian power transmission sector

Industry Analysis

Metering Industry: growth prospects positive

30 34

An in-depth analysis of Indian metering industry

GUEST COLUMN

The Benefits of Smart Meters

Expert from Larsen & Toubro highlights the needs and advantages of smart metering

ONE-ON-ONE

ElMeasure: optimising energy management

Sunil Kumar, GM – EMS, ElMeasure gives an overview of the ElMeasure’s business and its energy management initiatives

ONE-ON-ONE

Power Plant Optimisation: A Need of the Hour

Sivasubramanian Natarajan, Managing Director, ThyssenKrupp Industries India talks about the company’s offerings and its opportunities in Indian market July 2014

Feature

New CPCB II norms: added advantage for gensets The race to meet the new pollution norms opens window to opportunities

Tech view

Energy conservation techniques of HT equipment in thermal power plant In this article, the energy conservation techniques and performance of major in-house equipment in a thermal power plant have been discussed in details

Green zone

CFD: innovative tool for wind resource assessment

In wind energy sector everything drills down to accurate knowledge about local wind conditions

Interview

Indo-Swedish cleantech relations to better energy sector

Prof. Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Group Director, WeSchool talks on this bilateral programme and its expected outcomes

Power Update

People

Trading Zone Electrical & Power Review

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Power Update ACME Solar wins 30 MW projects ACME Solar, the leading solar power player in India, has announced that it has emerged as the developer for 30 MW solar PV power projects at the bid-opening event at Raipur under RFP floated by Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited (CSPDCL) on April 01, 2014. As per the terms and conditions of the bidding document, the selected developer would sign a 25 year long PPA with the CSPDCL on the uniform tariff submitted in the bid. This project would entail an estimated investment of $ 40 mm/ ` 240 crores. Commenting on this momentous occasion, Manoj Kumar Upadhyay, CEO, ACME Solar said, “It is a testimony to the prowess of ACME Solar and further strengthens our emergence as the leading solar power producer in the country. With this addition, our solar power portfolio has reached 180 MW and we are on way to generate 1,000 MW by year 2017.” As per Chhattisgarh State Regulatory Commission order dated September 18, 2013 the distribution licensee shall prepare a plan for procurement of power from RE source under its long term power procurement plan so as to comply with minimum RPO target of 6.75 per cent (of total consumption) by FY 2014-15. ACME Solar is a three-way joint venture between ACME Cleantech Solutions Limited, EDF Energies Nouvelles (EDF EN), the renewable energy arm of French state-run electricity utility Électricité de France S.A., and Luxembourg-based natural resources saving group EREN.

ADB invests $50 million into Welspun Renewables The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has invested part of a US$50 million commitment of equity capital into Welspun Renewables Energy Private Limited (WREPL). This deal will help demonstrate that profitable investments are achievable in the renewable energy space and will help catalyse more private investments. Vineet Mittal, Vice Chairman, Welspun Renewables Energy Pvt. Ltd. said “Welspun Renewables has emerged as one of the leading independent developers of renewable energy projects in India within a short span of time. With this investment, the renewable energy sector has got a much needed shot in the arm, it shows the promise that this sector can realise and ADB’s investment is a testimony to that. With this deal, we can only hope that India becomes a shining example of focusing on clean energy to meet its energy security needs and help build a cleaner, greener India for the generations to come.” WREPL’s power plants are among the highest generating projects in the country and have been built ahead of committed timelines, thereby helping the country meet its renewable energy targets. WREPL operates one of the world’s largest solar projects which is located in Neemuch district of Madhya Pradesh with a nameplate capacity of 151 MW (DC). Spread across eight states, it has 328 MW (DC) operational capacity of renewable energy generation till date. The company plans to set up a total renewable capacity of 1,750 MW in Solar and Wind in next three years with an incremental capital outlay in excess of ` 11,000 crores. This will help annual CO2e emissions to be reduced by 2,912,700 tonnes.

CG to supply over 1 million smart meters to Iberdrola Avantha Group Company CG closed an contract worth ` 244 crores with Spanish multinational electric utility company Iberdrola to supply over 1 million ZIV single smart meters in a year. The order comprises single-phase and three phase meters and reiterates CG’s growing dominance in the global smart grid sector. Europe’s installation base for smart meters is expected to rise sharply and hit 180 million by 2020 just as the Asian market will gain significant traction during the period. Whilst Spain continues its dominance as an active

July 2014

market in 2014, large-scale deployments in the UK, Germany and France will bring in the momentum by late 2015. A significant advantage for CG in the Spanish market has been the regulatory framework in the country which makes it mandatory that 70 percent of the analog meters are replaced by 2016 and 100 percent by 2018. ZIV as the world’s main PRIME meter supplier is uniquely positioned to benefit from this regulation, by collaborating closely with the distribution utilities and assisting them in achieving the challenge on time.

About the latest win, Avantha Group Company CG’s CEO and Managing Director, Laurent Demortier says “This win reinstates CG’s long term commitment to providing smart grid solutions to the European Distribution grid to monitor and manage their own networks. We thank Iberdrola for their trust and continued patronage of our efficient and state-of-the-art smart meter technology. We remain focussed on supporting our customers to build a modern, efficient grid and improve their overall end-user experience by providing a full suite of smart grid products and services.”

Electrical & Power Review

Power Update Consul announces its merger with Neowatt Consul Consolidated Pvt. Ltd, an Indian manufacturer of UPS Systems and Servo Controlled Voltage Stabilizers has announced its merger with Neowatt Energy Solutions, a fast growing manufacturer of state of the art power electronic products. This merger will create India’s only full range power electronics company offering products and solutions in power conditioning, power backup, solar, energy conservers and custom power electronic solutions. Sriram Ramakrishnan, MD & CEO, Consul said,“We are excited to merge our two businesses. With Neowatt, we will be the only company in India to have a comprehensive range of UPS systems, Inverters, Stabilizers, Active Filters and Solar Power offerings. Last year we crossed a turnover of ` 200 crores and together, we will strive to become India’s premier power electronics company and be a force to reckon with in the Indian and exports power electronics market, with a target of achieving a turnover of ` 600 crore in the next 3 years”. Consul will leverage Neowatt’s power electronics product development capability and consolidate the R&D efforts with its own DSIR approved R&D facility in Pune to develop innovative, reliable and cost effective power conditioning and power backup solutions tailored for Indian requirements. With this merger, Consul will have access to a range of innovative and state of the art power electronic products like IGBT Rectifier three phase UPS systems from 10 to 800 KVA, solar inverters with net metering and grid export options, Active filters, Static Transfer Switches and Industrial single phase and three phase UPS & Inverters to complement their existing power backup and power conditioning offerings.

Maruti Suzuki starts 1MW solar plant at Manesar

Maruti Suzuki India has commissioned a 1MW monocrystalline photovoltaic solar power plant at its Manesar facility. “Built with an investment of ` 103 million, the 1MW photovoltaic solar power plant will help the company offset CO2 emissions to the tune of over 1,200 tonnes annually,” a company statement said. Commenting on the initiative, Rajiv Gandhi, Executive Director, (Plant), Maruti Suzuki said, “With the launch of 1MW photovoltaic solar power plant, Maruti Suzuki has taken the first step to harness renewable solar energy. The initiative is in line with the Company’s philosophy of adopting environment friendly technologies that may have high upfront costs, but help bring down CO2 emissions. Solar energy is abundant, versatile and efficient. Through this solar facility the company will be able to contribute towards environment. Going forward, the company is committed to expand its environment care initiatives.”

Altaaqa Global opens office in Southern Africa monitoring, and fuel-efficient gas, diesel or dual-fuel-powered generators. “Altaaqa Global and its sister company in Saudi Arabia have a total combined fleet of 1,400 MW rental power plant generation readily available to serve the Southern African region.”

Altaaqa Global CAT Rental Power, a global provider of temporary power solutions, has recently opened a new branch in Johannesburg that will cater to several countries in Southern Africa, including the Republic of South Africa, Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Altaaqa Global will bring its expertise, innovative technologies, industryproven reliability and rapid deployment to the region, which is largely known for its thriving oil and gas, industrial manufacturing, and mineral and coal

July 2014

mining industries. Peter den Boogert, General Manager of Altaaqa Global, said that we would provide Southern Africa with the most advanced power plant packaged systems, remote

One of the flagship innovations that Altaaqa Global will offer, he added, was the flexible operational mode that can switch from island to grid mode in just seconds. Furthermore, Altaaqa Global’s energy rental dynamic package allows its power plants to hook directly to the grid without the need for a substation.

Electrical & Power Review

Power Update GE to buy Alstom’s power business for $17 bn Alstom has approved $ 17 billion offer made by General Electric to acquire the power and grid businesses of Alstom, ignoring the joint revised proposal from Siemens and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. “The Directors of Alstom expressed their satisfaction that the productive exchanges established with the French State had resulted in a business proposal that not only addresses the interests of Alstom and of its stakeholders, but also provides assurances in connection with concerns expressed by the French State,” said Alstom in a press release. GE would acquire Alstom’s thermal, renewables, and grid business units at $13.5 bn (€9.9 bn) enterprise value and $3.4 bn (€2.5 bn) of net cash, totaling $16.9 bn (€12.35 bn). Jeff Immelt, Chairman and CEO of GE said, “We will now move to the next phase of the Alstom alliance. We look forward to working with the Alstom team to make a globally competitive power and grid enterprise. We also look forward to working with the French government, employees and shareholders of Alstom. As we have said, this is good for France, GE and Alstom. “For GE, the overall economics of the deal remain intact,” Immelt said. “This transaction remains accretive in year one.” Patrick Kron, Chairman and CEO of Alstom, commented, “The combination of the very complementary Energy businesses of Alstom and GE would create a stronger entity, best

placed to serve customers globally and invest in people and technology over the long run. Alstom would be associated to this ambitious combination through the Energy alliances. Alstom Transport, a solid leader with a large portfolio of technologies and a worldwide presence in a dynamic market, would be further strengthened through the acquisition of GE’s signalling business as well as a far-reaching rail alliance with GE.”

Kudankulam unit 1 attains full power of 1,000 MWs India’s largest nuclear power reactor Kudankulam unit 1 attains full power of 1,000 MW on 7th June . The unit is operating smoothly and all the operating parameters are normal as per the specifications. Earlier on 22nd October 2013 unit-1 had been connected to the southern grid and its power levels were gradually raised in steps in accordance with the clearances accorded by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). At each step, various tests were conducted and after reviewing the results, clearances for the further steps were given by the AERB. At full power specific tests were conducted and the reports submitted to AERB for review and final clearance for continued operations of the unit at full power. Kudankulam 1 and 2 (2 X 1,000 MW) is setup in technical cooperation with Russian Federation and has a combination of multilayered safety features. The unit has generated 1,900 Million Units of power till date since being connected to the grid.

Suzlon gets approval for 100.8 MW wind power project to close to 1,000 MW, reinforcing its position as the leading independent power producer in the wind sector in India, foreign or domestic.

Suzlon Group, the world’s fifth largest wind turbine manufacturer, today announced that it has received the Notice to Proceed (NTP) from CLP India, a leading investor-owned power business in Asia and one of the largest foreign investors in the Indian power sector, for a 100.8 MW wind power project. The project, located at Tejuva in Rajasthan, will comprise 48 units of Suzlon’s robust S97- 2.1 MW wind turbines featuring Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) technology. This is the latest addition to Suzlon’s wind portfolio

July 2014

of over 8,000 MW projects across eight states. Upon completion, this project will boost CLP India’s wind power portfolio

Tulsi Tanti, Chairman, Suzlon Group said, “This contract is another milestone for our business in India. Through our comprehensive capabilities across wind energy value chain and end-toend solutions, we will assist CLP India in further expanding their wind energy footprint in India. We appreciate the trust they have in our technology and look forward to a long-term collaboration.”

Electrical & Power Review

Power Update SPEED program, to provide clean energy solutions to rural India The SPEED (Smart Power for Environmentally sound Economic Development) Program, an initiative of New Delhi based, Development Alternatives (DA), harnesses the potential of smart business models to deliver electricity through Decentralised Renewable Energy (DRE) based power plants in underserved regions of the country; thereby improving the quality of life and enhancing livelihood security. SPEED seeks to integrate the demand for rural electrification and the need for mobile tower operators to get off diesel, thereby creating an opportunity for decentralised renewable energy providers. There are more than 320,000 telecom towers located in India and they consume over 2 billion liters of diesel annually. SPEED presents an opportunity for the mobile tower industry to cut costs while at the same time creating a positive impact on rural economic and social development and on the environment.The SPEED model is unique in the fact that it is the only effort aimed at using renewable energy based decentralised power generation for the entire spectrum of electricity needs in a village. The SPEED (Smart Power for Environmentally sound Economic Development) programme, is a first of its kind multidimensional program which aims to create an “ecosystem” of key stakeholders to support the spread of scalable and sustainable business models. The program engages critical industry players, creates financing models and promotes favorable policies for the DRE sector. Over the next two years, SPEED projects will be set up at

over 500 locations in Bihar and over 250 locations in Uttar Pradesh. 25 to 30 block-level clusters of 15 to 20 projects each will be created in consultation with government agencies to demonstrate the potential of decentralised renewable energy projects in servicing “last-mile” customers who are otherwise neglected by mainstream Distribution Companies.

Vikram Solar bags award for good practices from FICCI Vikram Solar, which specialises in manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules and EPC contracts for solar power plants has bagged the award for Appreciation for Good Practices in 3rd FICCI Quality Systems Excellence Awards for Manufacturing-2014. The selection was based on rigorous process of application evaluation, on-site audit and selection by jury. The ward truly highlights the total quality management practices followed at Vikram Solar. The awards were presented to firms and companies for the recognition of their commitment to quality systems at the workplace and putting in place good quality systems in the organisation. The purpose of this award scheme was to recognise organisations that have high performance quality system leading to a systematic improvement in organisational performance. Accepting the award, Gyanesh Chaudhary, Managing Director, Vikram Solar, said, “It is a matter of pride for us that Vikram Solar has received the appreciation for good practices award from FICCI. Vikram Solar has always been committed towards strengthening the solar industry in India and will continue to lead the path for responsible growth.”

Tata Power Solar expands manufacturing capacity by 60 per cent Tata Power Solar has announced a 60 per cent expansion of its manufacturing facility in Bangalore, taking the total production capacity to 200 MW. The expansion is based on the significant increase in demand that the company has seen for its solar modules, as well as the expected increase in demand due to supportive policy steps announced recently by the Government of India such as Domestic Content Requirement and anti-dumping duties.

to be the only company in India whose modules are rated as Tier 1 in Bankability by GTM Research, a globally recognised PV market research firm. The expansion comes against the backdrop of extremely difficult times for the Indian solar industry. Despite challenges, Tata Power Solar has seen an increase in demand for its products which reaffirms the faith customers put in the quality of its products, it said.

Tata Power Solar is one of the few companies globally to have a long operating history of 25 years. It claims

Ajay Goel, CEO, Tata Power Solar said, “This substantial expansion, in an extremely competitive and price-

July 2014

sensitive sector, is a testimony to our products’ superior quality and global competitiveness. Our 25 years of strong credentials in providing high quality solar products, which also corresponds to the warranty period of our modules, adds credibility to our offerings.” Tata Power Solar initiated its manufacturing expansion in 2001 by laying the foundation stone on a 10 acre facility at Bangalore. Currently, the company operates three worldclass manufacturing units in Bangalore, including module, cell and solar water heaters.

Electrical & Power Review

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COVER STORY

Fuel shortage versus govt efforts Time has come to reduce the dependence on imported coal. Significant reforms from govt side are needed in the coal sector to minimise the demand-supply gap Fuel shortage Fuel shortage in the country is something that does not need any introduction. It is forcing the government to face many challenges. Scarcity of fuel is taking a toll in meeting the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s power requirement. It has been reported that out of the total capacity addition in the 12th Five-Year plan (2012-17), a huge 76,000 MW is impacted somehow due to shortage in fuel supply. More than 50,000 MW of coal-fired power generation capacity and 24,000 MW of gasgrid connected power generation capacity are facing challenges due to non-availability of fuel.

July 2014

A shortage of fuel needed to fire power plants and expectations of a deficient monsoon leading to lower hydro electricity generation are some of the major issues. If there happens a lower rainfall, it would also cause a drop in hydel generation, resulting in higher demand for thermal power. This would increase the requirement of coal, which fires most generation plants and is not produced in enough quantities to meet demand in the country. According to official data, Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coal imports rose to 82.5 million tonnes till September end of the previous financial year from 69 million tonnes in 2010-11.

Coal sector reforms which will lower the need for imported fuel and reduce cost of generation for the power sector are needed. Distribution reforms are another key concern for the sector. The government is supposed to take some fundamental steps to improve the distribution side of business. Importing liquefied natural gas is also not always a viable option. The shortage of natural gas in the country, caused by lower output at the KG-D6 block in the Bay of Bengal, has left plants with a combined capacity of 8,000 MW without fuel. The government

Electrical & Power Review

COVER STORY able to maintain adequate stocks. The problem arises due to Coal India’s inability to meet the targets for loading rail wagons, poor quality of coal and unavailability of wagons or locomotives as well as traffic congestion in key routes. The power ministry has asked coalfired plants to defer any maintenance shutdown till October to meet an anticipated rise in demand due to poor monsoon. It has also made plans to ensure the units have adequate coal to keep spinning.

will also have to deal with stranded gas projects that are stuck for lack of gas supply.

The ministry has also asked Coal India to identify alternative sources, such as mines that have substantial stockpile from where coal can be supplied to power plants facing critical stock position. Similarly, NTPC has been asked to look into diverting coal from its Farakka and Kahalgaon plants, which have adequate stockpile, to units running low on fuel.

It’s critical

Need “sweeping reforms”

Recently it is also found that at least three state-owned thermal power plants in Uttar Pradesh have been running short of coal supply. The condition is so critical that the power plants may be forced to shut down if not replenished with a fresh stock. In search of solution to overcome the issue, state government had asked the central government to provide coal for a backup of coal.

The World Bank in its latest report “More Power to India: The Challenge of Distribution” has said electricity distribution to the end consumer in India needs urgent reform if India is to scale back to high economic growth.

Currently around 20 coal-fired plants in the country are running low on fuel stock and are practically making do with daily supplies. The CEA, which monitors the power sector, has said 38 power stations have less than a week’s stock and 20 units less than four days. But the plants are getting daily fuel supplies. CEA stipulates power plants to stock coal for seven days. Any stock less than this is categorises as ‘critical’. Power plants have traditionally faced this problem and only some units are

Electrical & Power Review

“Power distribution in India needs sweeping reforms if it is to bring back the country to a high growth trajectory and meet its goal of expanding access to electricity to all by 2019′, the Bank report said. To address the fuel shortage issues, government is definitely taking some steps. It has asked Coal India Ltd. (CIL), the world’s largest coal company, to improve efficiency to avoid restructuring. The power and coal minister Piyush Goyal has asked the company to improve the quality of its coal by 31st December. The minister has also said that the coal major should pull up its socks and perform in order to avoid restructuring.

Experts feel, coal grade slippage has an adverse impact on power generation. Keeping the same in mind, Mr Goyal has told CIL that coal supplied to the power companies should not comprise stones or boulders and it should work towards arresting coal grade slippage. According to the minister, the power generation companies should have the right to appoint neutral quality samplers. Mr Goyal has also asked CIL to reduce the quantity of coal sold through e-auction and make that portion of the fuel available to power plants. CIL has been directed to limit e-auctioning of coal to 25 mt this year from 57 mt. The coal ministry had earlier planned to restructure CIL to improve its operational efficiency. Coal India which accounts for over 80 per cent of the domestic coal production, missed its output target of 482 million tonnes (mt) in 2013-14 and produced only 462 mt of coal. The company’s seven subsidiaries include Eastern Coalfields Ltd (ECL), Bharat Coking Coal Ltd (BCCL), Central Coalfields Ltd (CCL) and South Eastern Coalfields Ltd (SECL). Moreover, recently at a meeting with private power developers, coal ministry and CIL officials, Mr Goyal asked the company to make efforts to raise production from its existing mines. Mr Goyal met top power leaders, including Anil Ambani, Chairman, Reliance Power Ltd, Gautam Adani, Chairman, Adani Group, Vineet Mittal, Managing Director, Welspun Energy, and Naveen Jindal, Chairman, Jindal Steel and Power Ltd., to look for solutions to address the country’s electricity shortage, which was as high as 7,000 MW in May. The government is hopeful for the promising future and believes that the stress in the electricity sector is not as severe as it was being made out to be. Hope the burning issues may get the appropriate solutions as soon as possible.

July 2014

Feature

Thermal sector in troubled water Weakening thermal power sector threatening power crises. This article highlights few important factors surrounding thermal power sector which may play an important role in reviving the sector

range of sources are used for power generation but thermal power continues to be among the most important forms. In the last few years, thermal power sector is in stressed state majorly because of low availability of coal. This article highlights few important factors surrounding thermal power sector which may play an important role in reviving the sector. Plunging coal stocks at plants nationwide are set to worsen Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy woes especially in the northeast part. If nothing is done quickly a massive blackout could be insight.

Challenges There are number of issues surrounding the thermal sector. Thermal power plants across the country are fast

July 2014

running out of fuel. Coal supplies to thermal power plants are dwindling, resulting in reduced electricity generation at a large number of units. The countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest utility National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) has been forced to shut some of its units to cope with the situation as have some of the other power producers. The situation has been steadily deteriorating as partly reflected in data released by the Central Electricity Authority. Apart from coal scarcity, maintenance and operating is another issue. The maintenance and operating cost of thermal power plant is high. Also a large quantity of water is required. Ash removal, clearances from ministry of environment and forests, land

acquisition are some of the other challenges for thermal power plants.

New technologies With shortage in coal, the introduction of new and efficient technologies for power generation is being aggressively pursued, with greater stress on renewable energy such as wind, solar and nuclear. Some of the technologies available for thermal energy are steam cycle facilities, gas turbines, etc. According to Indian Electrical Equipment Industry Mission Plan 20122022, the adoption of Advanced Ultra Supercritical (Adv-USC) technology in thermal power plants will impose stringent requirements on materials used in high temperature zones. The properties required are high creep strength, resistance to corrosion and

Electrical & Power Review

Feature

steam oxidation at high temperatures and materials used currently in supercritical power plants will not be suitable at these conditions. Critical materials envisaged for use in Adv-USC, in addition to those already being used in supercritical power plants. Super critical technology will result in saving of about 5-8 per cent of fuel requirement and correspondingly less emission. Super critical thermal units of 660 MW and 800 MW have already been introduced in the country and power plants with ultra-supercritical (USC) steam parameters, which have higher efficiencies are likely to be set up in India in the next few years. Improved technology implies increased efficiency, lesser consumption of fuel and ensures reasonable cost of power to all with high reliability.

Reduce CO2 emission Most power plants utilise coal as the principal fuel. The CO2 emissions from coal burned power plants are highest among other alternatives. As such the

Electrical & Power Review

reduction of CO2 from coal based power plants by means of change in technology in thermal power plants and policy frameworks should be emphasised. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) of the Government of India emphasis the use of clean coal technologies such as supercritical, ultrasupercritical and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) that help minimise CO2 emissions while giving the highest possible energy efficiency and reducing the coal required per unit of power generated. Technological innovation is essential to achieve significant CO2 reductions in the future. Companies are therefore taking efforts on developing new technologies that would help reduce CO2 emissions. Companies are striving to minimise CO2 emission from thermal power generation by promoting LNG-fired thermal power generation, which emits smaller amounts of CO2 compared to other types of thermal power generation, and also by making ongoing efforts to

increase thermal efficiency.

power

generation

Government regulations The sector has also undergone substantial structural changes. Regulatory policies have played a predominant role in changing the landscape of the Indian power sector. Though the sector has come a long way from its humble beginnings, it is still lagging on several fronts and has a long way to go. The emission standards for thermal power plants in India are being enforced based on Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 of Government of India and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s amendments from time to time. The emission standards norm for 500 MW and above coal-based power plant being practised is 40 to 50 mg/Nm and space is provided in the plant layout for super thermal power stations for installation of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) system. But FGD is not installed, as it is not required for low sulphur Indian coals while considering SO X emission from individual chimney.

July 2014

EPR PERSONALITY

Power sector to make a comeback: Power Grid

n an exclusive interview with EPR, I. S. Jha, Director (Projects) , PGCIL discusses issues surrounding Indian power transmission sector.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We see a good future. This is a temporary phenomenon of bad phases, may be because of the coal crunch,â&#x20AC;? says I. S. Jha, Director (Projects), PGCIL

Indian power sector is going through a tough phase how do you foresee that? We see a good future. This is a temporary phenomenon of bad phases, may be because of the coal crunch; otherwise past five-six years have been very good. We are adding more than 20,000 MW generation every year. We are also adding number of transmission line systems and number of high capacity has been planned to get quick power attribute. That is why we are seeing the positive side and growth. Major hurdles which are coming in the way are coal scarcity, fuel shortage and the financial position of the distribution company. Very soon power sector will make a comeback and we see a lot of growth potential.

What are the major problems the power transmission sector is facing? Major problems that we face today is right of constraints to lay the task. As per the act we do not purchase the land, we just access the right of it and provide good compensation to the land owners. A lot of problems come over there.

The financial condition of discoms is not very good, how

July 2014

does it impact your company? Bill realisation is 98 per cent that is why it is not affecting our business. Of course some distribution companies have certain financial conditions and are facing the deficit. However they are improving and the government is addressing the situation.

Transmission remains the core business of power grid, are you targeting anything apart from transmission? Yes, but for now we are majorly focusing on transmission expansion. We are investing ` 1 lakh crores and in the last three years we have gone up. We have already invested more than ` 40,000 crores and we will invest ` 46,000 crore in next 2-3 years.

What is the status of the smart grid projects? Smart grid projects are a new concept from the central government; 14 states have been sanctioned for the pilot project. We have developed a smart city in Pondicherry. We are also giving consultancy to nine states in the pilot project.

What are your expectations from the newly elected government? Overall it is a good feeling - projects will go up. Actually the success of Power Grid depends on every sector like distribution company, generation, etc., eventually power grid will go up and there is a good feeling all over the country.

Electrical & Power Review

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Industry analysis

Metering Industry: growth prospects positive An in-depth analysis of Indian metering industry

ndia has emerged as a major and mature market for electronic energy meters. The highly dynamic Indian electricity meters market is aggressively innovating technologies to keep pace with the rapidly changing technical requirements of end users, mainly, power distribution companies. EPR provides an in-depth analysis of Indian metering industry: current scenario, changing trends, challenges and future outlook.

Current scenario The metering marketing in India is going through a transformation. We have the industrial meters market which is witnessing high innovation in terms of international standards being adopted, intelligence being embedded into the monitoring hardware and customers being very open to try out new, breakthrough offers.

July 2014

Nikhil Naraharikrishna, Head Marketing - Power Monitoring & Quality Business, Schneider Electric India says, “Industrial meters market is witnessing high innovation. However, due to the adverse economic scenario’s overhang on the industrial sector, we see that there is some sort of constraint on the budgetary aspects.“ There are different segments which are witnessing significant growth with the emerging demand for energy management system in the country. “If we look at buildings segment, we find a very interesting traction for integration of Energy Management Systems with BMS for an ‘integrated management’ of buildings. In the small & medium industrial segment, there is a very clear move towards energy management and hence the metering devices are going more

onto the communication architecture. The large industries where the most advanced of the offers are being consumed from IEC specifications to power quality compliance reporting to cloud architecture on TCP / IP Ethernet protocol,” he further adds.

...it’s just a matter of time where India will be on par with the requirements in the western world

Nikhil Naraharikrishna, Head - Marketing Power Monitoring & Quality Business, Schneider Electric India

Electrical & Power Review

Industry analysis According to J K Agarwal, Director – Marketing, Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd., “Indian meter industry is in fast developing phase with the development of prepaid meters, automatic meter reading system (AMR), advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distribution transformer metering, audit meter, sub-station meter, grid meters, etc. Meters’ manufacturers have also added many advanced features such as Time of Day (TOD) tariff, remote communication capability, LPR, load profiling and recording of various abnormal system conditions to meet the requirements of the growing and challenging power sector.”

Changing trends Over the years, there has been significant shift in the metering industry-be it in the demand, technology, customers, the metering market has witnessed some new trends. Commenting on changing trends of the industry Mr Naraharikrishna says, “The Power Monitoring business is almost mimicking what is happening on the digital front in terms of Social media, Mobile, Apps & Cloud (SMAC). There has been a clear cut move away from proprietary technology or protocols to open Modbus protocols for communication. Customers who are looking for a competitive edge in terms of their energy efficiency are now moving into TCP or IP protocol so that

Indian meter industry has sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of meters for the 12th Five-Year Plan

J K Agarwal, Director – Marketing, Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd.

they have access to energy dashboards irrespective of location, time or even the physical device.” “The most disruptive trends are coming from the specific sectors such as BFSI, data centres and commercial buildings - what we are witnessing is the demand for energy management and monitoring devices to solve their specific problems,” he adds further.

Technological milestone Some technological advances have a direct impact on electronic energy meters, in particular advances made in product technology. Companies are establishing themselves with the widest range of smart, compact, convenient and safe metering solutions for power transmission and distribution sector. Mr Agarwal says, “Backed by the stateof-the-art manufacturing facilities, dedicated IT division for closed loop metering solutions and in-house R&D lab, Genus is devoted to ensure that more secured, efficient and smart metering solutions is provided to power utilities/SEBs to solve their most critical technical and commercial challenges. On the back of LEAN SIGMATM manufacturing facilities and the ‘Centre for Design and Development’ (C-D&D) approved by the Government of India.” He further adds, “Genus offers the most competitive rates and provides an extensive and premium range of IT enabled tamper proof, multifunctional, smart metering solutions such as residential single phase & three phase energy meters, industrial meters, ABT compliant grid and sub-station meters, agricultural meters, audit meters, group meters (low voltage/high voltage distribution system), prepayment electricity meters, distribution transformer (DT) meters, portable reference meters, etc.” Companies are coming out with the most advanced and highly economical range of customised, safe and innovative solutions to its customers

and that are fueling the future growth of the industry. Mr Naraharikrishna states, “Schneider Electric has the best of the offers ranging from ION8800, BCPM to the newly launched PM5000 series. The technological milestone from a 20132014 standpoint is the introduction of the PM5560 meter which is a powerhouse in terms of accuracy of Class 0.2S, proving predictive demand profiling, set point alarms for energy tracking, a battery backed up Real Time Clock for clear date/time stamping for logging of parameters and for the first time having 2 Ethernet ports with the same IP address for the meter to be setup in cloud and finally a simple inbuilt webpage to provide basic energy data visualisation.” Challenges: operation and maintenance Metering is the heart of power transmission and distribution reforms. Manufactures may face several challenges when it comes to operation and maintenance of meters. Talking about the challenges Mr Agarwal says, “Setting up and running such system solution is a challenge for many customers with only limited manpower resources and little experience of automatic meter reading. Genus removes this trouble by providing endto-end complete solution to utilities, which includes supplying of the matching know-how and operational implementation of metering solution to get better results.” Mr Naraharikrishna, “Schneider Electric’s meters are built for reliability, accuracy and for least maintenance. The meters last for years on end without the need to periodically maintain it or service it. With the advanced metering offers, the current challenge is to educate the customers’ facility staff on the variety of features it has and the self-programmability of the meters.” The Ethernet communication is another game-changing philosophy that the Contd. to 25

Electrical & Power Review

July 2014

Guest Column

The Benefits of Smart Meters Expert from Larsen & Toubro highlights the needs and advantages of smart metering

he demand for electricity has been rising day by day the world over. In a lot of the developing countries, despite a large percentage of the area still being un-electrified, the generation is not able to match the demand for electricity. Even in developed countries, the need is being felt to add more generating stations due to the peak demand being higher than the peak available supply. But on the other hand, addition of generation is restricted due to nonavailability of funds as well as the need to reduce the carbon footprint. Load shedding, peak power deficit, peak mismatch, breakdowns, are commonly heard words in electricity distribution circles, but more recently terms such as peak shaving, demand response, load side management, outage

July 2014

management, renewables integration, real time pricing, etc are becoming equally spoken about.

Behind the scene, it is the latest electricity metering technology, simplistically called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart Meteringâ&#x20AC;? which is the enabler for all these processes. Electronic meters have been used the world over for industrial and commercial billing but with the use of electronic meters for residential consumers as well, the features which were available only to the high-end segment till recently are now also available in the residential meters. Interval data or load survey, time of day or time of use, failure or tamper recording, billing backups, prepaid or postpaid features, are all now part of the standard meter. In addition, smart meters are capable of two way communication, where, in addition to sending data in response

Electrical & Power Review

Guest Column to a query from the data centre, the meter can also send alarms and alerts based on pre-decided conditions including failures and tampers. Thus where in the past the utility would wait for a “complaint” to be logged by the consumer, today the utility comes to know of a breakdown instantaneously and re-route the supply and despatch the maintenance team to the site for rectifying the problem even before the customer realises that there has been a breakdown. The meters use technology such as low power radio or power line communication to communicate data to a data concentrator which is mounted in the vicinity of the meters. This data is then transferred to the central data centre through GPRS. The meters also have remote connect or disconnect facility enabling the electricity distributor to take decisive action in the case of non-payment of

Contd. from 23

bills or tampering or other default by the consumer. This feature also benefits the consumer in that the utility can resort to limiting the load which the consumer can draw during peak deficit hours (time when the demand for power is higher than the availability), instead of resorting to a complete load shedding. The consumer can continue to use essential loads and therefore does not have to spend on alternate power sources such as generators or invertors and at the same time the utility is able to balance the supply and demand. A home display unit, which can be provided inside the house, indicates the daily consumption to the consumer enabling the energy conscious consumer to employ power saving measures. It also enables the distribution company to convey important messages related to tariff, bills, and other information to the consumer.

These meters are also capable of recording import and export of energy making them suitable for use in distributed generation where individual consumers with local generation facility can feed energy back to the grid when they do not require it. This will allow distributed generation through solar and wind to supplement the energy availability for the distribution utility. Author : Sanjay Ahuja, Sr Dy General Manager – Marketing, Metering & Protection Systems BU, Larsen & Toubro

facility management team is getting used to – creating dedicated IP through firewalls so that the system is accessible anytime-anywhere, using Wi-Fi to remotely monitor the system without a maze of wires running around are all very new and exciting for the facility managers.

Future outlook This sector has immense growth opportunities and is expected to rise exponentially in the next couple of years. But the sector needs immediate and more attention of the government and that is essential to achieve inclusive growth of the Indian power sector. Mr Naraharikrishna says, “Looking at the seriousness in which the government of India is moving forward to solve India’s energy problem, it’s just a matter of time where India will be on par with the requirements in the western world. We already have PAT regime, ECBC, Indian Green Building Council and the newly introduced ISO 50001 norms. For this, we need to have systems which can

Electrical & Power Review

track energy usage and put in place mechanism to control energy usage. And with the Internet revolution, we have a golden opportunity to leapfrog the innovation curve and land into SMAC.” Commenting on the future outlook Mr Agarwal says, “Indian power utilities need financial assistance for procurement of prepaid meters, AMR based meters, AMI, meter for distribution transformers, substations and advanced or smart meters for high value customers. Several state regulatory commissions’ and government’s constant thrust on 100 per cent metering of power supply connections through various reform programmes, particularly RGGVY and now RAPDRP has provided momentum to demand for meters.” “Over the next few years, we expect more funding and attention from government of India through its initiatives for procurement of smart meters in India. We believe Indian meter industry has sufficient capacity

to meet the requirements of meters for the 12th Five-Year Plan and is set for rapid growth in the next couple of years,“ he concludes. To share your article or case study in this section, write us at editor@eprmagazine.com Next issue focus: l Oil & Gas l Cooling Towers l Lighting l Solar Energy m

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July 2014

ONE-ON-ONE

ElMeasure: optimising energy management

“Energy management represents a significant opportunity for organisations to reduce their energy use while maintaining or boosting productivity,” says Sunil Kumar, GM – EMS, ElMeasure

nergy management represents a significant opportunity for organisations to reduce their energy use while maintaining or boosting productivity. ElMeasure is one of the technology leaders in energy management products and solutions. In an exclusive interview with EPR, Sunil Kumar gives an overview of the ElMeasure’s business and its energy management initiatives.

How is the concept of Energy Management System catching up in India? The power scenario in India is scarce and costly. With the rapid growth of Industry, additional power generation is planned by the government may not be adequate and this situation is expected to continue for several years to come. Half of the energy produced in the world is consumed by industry and hence we started developing an Energy Management System (EMS) for industry. The concerns were equipment breakdowns, process interruptions, equipment efficiency, production loss etc. Hence we focused on products which can monitor, record and control. ElMeasure has a strong team with many years of rich experience and expertise in this field.

Could you highlight technical features?

its

ELNet is ElMeasure’s Microsoft Windows-based energy management software, designed with client server based architecture also allowing the user to view and generate reports in

July 2014

multiple PC’s in the LAN or internet. The software is very user-friendly and easily configurable. A unique feature we provide allows the user to integrate their existing brand meters therefore reducing customer cost. Variety of real time data display screens, trending of historical data and many standard reports are the main features of the ELNet software. Energy Billing System is a standard module to generate electrical bills for the shopping malls, commercial complexes and residential houses or apartments. Another key feature of the ELNet software is that it sends alarms to the user in the form of SMS or e-mail when unusual events are detected by setting the high or low threshold limits for the electrical parameters. Energy reports of hourly, shift, TOD slot, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly and selected date range can be generated by a single mouse click. Using ElMeasure meters in the EMS network software enables faster scanning of data. Production data can be fed to the software for any selected meter; this will help to generate the specific energy consumption reports. ElMeasure’s prepaid energy metering and software solution installed in many residential complexes helps consumer to recharge their energy meters using web portal or mobile app. Consumer can also view present load, balance amount and energy reading and trends of their daily or monthly usage in the web portal and mobile app.

How does it benefit? Energy management system is an

Electrical & Power Review

ONE-ON-ONE understanding of how effectively we can optimise energy consumption of each system component. The main motive of energy management is to reduce the overall energy consumption, manpower deployment to achieve higher productivity and to enhance protection of critical equipment, analysis, operation and maintenance. This in turn helps to save significant costs. With respect to electrical terminology energy management system helps in improving the power factor, eliminates or reduces the demand penalties, indicates the wastage or idle state. Capital expenditures for energy management systems must be justified by documenting savings; optimal utilisation of energy is the key to success. The main components of energy management system are communication ready multi parameter energy meters, PC, suitable interfaces and data cables (twisted pair, ethernet,

fibre optic). RF modems and Wi-Fi Access points can be used for wireless communication; GPRS modems is used to collect data from remote locations and it stores data locally and sends the data to remote server at programmed time interval. There will not be any data loss if there is a problem in the mobile network.

What potential does energy management system has to advance energy efficiency? The need to provide adequate, sustainable, and environmentally sound supplies of energy to fuel global economic growth has created an imperative for increased energy efficiency. A strategy that emphasises energy efficiency is the most economically and environmentally sensible way of meeting the twin objectives of providing energy for sustainable development and avoiding dangerous interference in the climate system. An effective energy management system will generate nearly immediate

results while generating strong financial returns to sustain growth.

What is the best way to utilise energy management system in existing standards and policies? The energy management system can easily be integrated with existing other process systems so that the system will help to produce the required output effectively. With a competitive economy and soaring power cost around the world, manyÂ organisations are now in the process of implementing energy conservation measures. Energy management represents a significant opportunity for organisations to reduce their energy use while maintaining or boosting productivity. The power monitoring software with the measuring equipment in a single basket of products helps to provide a successful implementation of energy management system.

one-on-one

Power Plant Optimisation: A Need of the Hour

“Equipment like twin wagon tippler, wagon shifters, flow dividers, barrel reclaimers, pipe conveyors and CFBC boilers which would help plant optimisation will be focus equipment in the near future,” says Sivasubramanian Natarajan, Managing Director, ThyssenKrupp Industries India

hyssenKrupp Industries India has established itself in the field of design, manufacture, supply, installation and commissioning of a range of steam and power generation plants for various industrial applications. The company also supplies unique CFBC boilers for captive power generation or cogen. In an interview with EPR, Sivasubramanian Natarajan talks about the company’s offerings and its opportunities in Indian market.

ThyssenKrupp is one of the leading players in EPC business. What is your commitment to the Indian power sector? ThyssenKrupp plays a significant role in the Indian power sector. We execute coal handling plant for thermal power stations on turnkey basis. We design, manufacture and supply the most modern equipment in the power industry which include twin wagon tippler, crusher, screen, stockyard machines, conveyors, etc. We also supply our unique cold cyclone based CFBC boilers to the Indian power industry for captive and utility stations. Our boilers are used with multiple fuels like coal, lignite, pet coke, etc., giving high availability and low emission levels. In addition to boilers, we also supply power plants on turnkey basis. Our equipment are manufactured in the state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in Pune and Hyderabad. Our commitment to the power industry is

July 2014

to continuously supply the latest and most innovative equipment which will offer high availability, low emission and minimum maintenance.

Brief us on your initiative toward power plant optimisation. Taking about power plant optimisation, one of our major launches in India is the twin wagon tippler. This equipment is used to unload rail wagons carrying bulk materials like coal, iron ore, etc. Our newly launched tandem (twin) tippler is capable of tippling two rail wagons simultaneously. The result is that, the productivity doubles as the turnaround time gets cut by 50 per cent. We have supplied two of these equipment to Tata Group for one of their ongoing projects which is under commissioning. Also in the power segment we offer our CFBC boilers which uses unique cold cyclone technology compared to the classical CFBC boilers. The CFBC boilers can take a variety of fuels like coal, lignite, pet coke, charcoal and biomass. These boilers are designed with unique cold cyclone technology which has multiple benefits in performance or efficiency and meeting emission standards. Our CFBC boilers require least auxiliary power thereby optimising and offering end user high output for their use.

How do you see the opportunities and acceptance of such solutions Electrical & Power Review

in the Indian market? We feel that with the market demand for power sector on the rise, power plant optimisation would be the need of the hour. Various equipment like twin wagon tippler, wagon shifters, flow dividers, barrel reclaimers, pipe conveyors and CFBC boilers which would help plant optimisation will be focus equipment in the near future.

What are some of your key power projects in India? Our major clientele include state-owned companies like, NTPC Ltd., Damodar Valley Corporation Ltd., Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd., National Aluminium Company Ltd. Neyveli Lignite Corporation and most state electricity boards. We also have significant share in most of the private power projects that are under execution. It would not be out of place to mention that we supplied the Internal Coal Handling Plant for the first Ultra Mega Power Plant in India i.e. five 800 Ultra Mega Power Plant at Mundra for Coastal Gujarat Power Ltd. We are also presently executing a coal handling plant for a 1,000 MW thermal power station in Malaysia.

We design, manufacture and supply the most modern equipment in the power industry which include twin wagon tippler, crusher, screen,Â stockyard machines, conveyors, etc.

What is your outlook on the thermal power sector in India? India is facing a huge power deficit, which is affecting the growth in industry as well as quality of life of people. In order to meet the energy demand caused by industrial growth, need for reliable power and growing aspirations of our people, large investments in power generation is essential and we do expect a good pickup in the coming months.

How do you wish to gain strong foothold in this market? ThyssenKrupp stands for excellence in design, manufacture and erection services. ThyssenKrupp Worldwide invests significant amount of our revenue for R&D activities to bring to the customers the latest equipment in the different fields that we are operating. Our products are designed with a simple philosophy of higher efficiency, low maintenance and the least emission. With this, we are confident of getting a strong foothold in the market.

Feature

The race to meet the new pollution norms opens window to opportunities

New CPCB II norms: added advantage for gensets

ndustry is shifting to more stringent emission norms soon. Pollution levels in major cities across India are at unhealthy levels so finally Central Pollution Control Board released new pollution norms for diesel generator sets. CPCB II is the next level of emission norms after CPCB I mandating significant reduction in engine exhaust emissions for diesel generators up to 800 kW in India. With the implementation of new rules, India will witness more fuel efficient generators, which will benefit the end customer. The new range of generators will also have improved technology as it will minimise the pollution and will contribute to the climate change

July 2014

issues. Moreover, since the new sets of guidelines have stringent norms; it will help Indian manufacturer in technology up-gradation and bring them at par with the global players.

at reducing pollution and creating a healthy environment, these norms will enable us not just to reduce cost of medical health care but also move much needed steps towards global

Manufacturers take The new CPCB II norms will be applicable from 1st July. Manufacturers are welcoming the new norms and ready with the entire product range compliant to the new emission norms, and have ensured that these products meet the specified standards with no compromise on quality. Farrokh Cooper, Chairman and Managing Director, Cooper Corporation Pvt. Ltd. says, â&#x20AC;&#x153;This was a long overdue notification and we welcome the implementation of these norms. Aimed

Latest CPCB II Emission Norms is a breakthrough legislation which will help Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s engines compete with those in Europe and America

Farrokh Cooper, Chairman and Managing Director, Cooper Corporation Pvt Ltd

Electrical & Power Review

Feature standards. We strongly believe that the latest CPCB II Emission Norms is a breakthrough legislation which will help India’s engines compete with those in Europe and America.” Commenting on the new norms Sachin Kondejkar, Director– Sales and Marketing, Power Generation Business Unit, Cummins India says, “Cummins continues to welcome stringent emission norms on the global as well as domestic arena. The new products that have been developed for India are aligned to Cummins’ product range available in the US and European markets that adhere to the US EPA and EU norms, respectively. So far, we have field tested nearly 100 units, which are successfully operating for more than 25,000 hours at customer sites across India. This will ensure a smooth transition for customers who will be a part of the emission change in India.” Ganesh Iyer, Director of India Operations and Emerging Markets Strategy, Caterpillar India says, “Caterpillar has added technology to our products to comply with emissions regulations in the countries in which they are sold, while working hard to provide customer value. India has one of the most stringent conformance of production procedures in the world. Our products will continue to meet the local regulations in the countries in which they are sold, including India, while providing customer value.”

Impact CPCB II norms aim to reduce levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which are the two main pollutants in diesel engines. The new norms will have positive impact that will ensure favourable actions by companies. The genset industry is progressively moving towards cleaner and greener energy solutions. According to Mr Cooper, “The new emission norm will have a positive impact on the Genset industry in India. The genset industry will progressively move towards cleaner and greener

Electrical & Power Review

energy solutions. With appropriate technology selection, the transition to CPCB II is not only a transition to the latest emission regulation, but also to a cleaner and more efficient technology. At Cooper technological competence has helped us become the first Indian manufacturer to be ready with CPCB II complaint Eco Pack Gensets for domestic and global markets.” However, Mr Kondejkar believes, “The genset industry in India has several unorganised players. The new norms may see consolidation of the industry.”

Challenges With new norms coming in, genset industry is likely to face challenges in terms of technology, developing innovative or alternative solutions and east modification in the engine design. Commenting on the challenges Mr Kondejkar says, “One of the main challenges that Cummins faced was in the selection of fit for market product architecture that could optimise total cost of ownership for customers while meeting the emission norms. Cummins has made changes in its product plan to overcome this challenge. Cummins has also localised couple of global platforms, to suit the Indian market.” He further adds, “Like any major engineering effort, there are new product development challenges that our engineers must overcome. Product updates linked to regulatory changes typically involve government witnessed testing and approval processes. Validation plans need to be completed to ensure a robust product. Supply chain and dealer networks need to be ready to ensure product availability.” Mr Cooper says, “At Cooper the inhouse research process began as soon as the need was felt and recognised, leading to a technical collaboration with Ricardo, UK - steps that have culminated in the launch of the Cooper ECOPACK Gensets. The engines have an advanced ECU module which controls all critical

parameters of the engine. He further adds, “With the longest maintenance interval of 500 hours and lube oil consumption of less than 0.1 per cent, this technology makes Cooper ECOPACK the most economic brand of generators to operate and maintain. Cooper Corp.’s ECOPACK series gensets come with total Cooper assurance with the maximum uptime.” Mr Iyer asserts, “Caterpillar has the advantage of being an integrated genset manufacturer. This provides us with a competitive advantage and allows us to consider the full genset, engine regulations, market constraints and requirements during our product development phase. Caterpillar supports sustainable progress by applying innovation and technology to continuously improve our products, services, solutions and operations.”

Impact on customers Manufacturers have already developed a series of generator sets that are compliant with the new environmental norms to be implemented by the Central Pollution Control Board in India. With the implementation of new rules, India will witness more technologically advanced and fuel efficient generators which will benefit the end customer. Mr Cooper says, “Customers, who want to purchase new genset after date of CPCB II implementation, will have to

India has one of the most stringent conformance of production procedures in the world

Ganesh Iyer, Director of India Operations and Emerging Markets Strategy, Caterpillar India

July 2014

Feature buy gensets complying with CPCB II emission norms. Cooper Corporation’s cost efficient, silent revolution with eco-friendly diesel generators under the brand name ‘Cooper ECOPACK’ is a low fuel consumption generator which is lighter in weight, smaller in size and is built with emissions that meet US & European norms and will benefit our customers globally. He further adds, “Cooper Corp has used its in-house innovative technology and concepts to develop Cooper ECOPACK gensets that meets local conditions of any markets it caters to both domestic and international. With the lowest cost of ownership, over 2000 units of Cooper Corporations’ CPCB II compliant range of gensets between 10KVA – 180 KVA are already in the market.” According to Mr Iyer, “With these new emissions norms comes a requirement for a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx). Our latest emissions technology addresses these reductions while also delivering some fuel consumption improvements compared to previous engine models. In general, our customers and the surrounding communities will benefit through lower emissions and improved air quality. Our customers can also benefit by utilising

The genset industry in India has several unorganised players. The new norms may see consolidation of the industry

Sachin Kondejkar, Director– Sales and Marketing, Power Generation Business Unit, Cummins India

products that consume less fuel to do more work. Our dealers are trained on these new products and can answer any questions our customers might have.” “The new CPCB II compliant series of generator sets are equipped with the most advanced emission-reduction technology available today, which not only exceeds the mandated emission standards, but also offers improved energy efficiency. However, the cost of technology to bring advanced products will result in a price increase,” says Mr Kondejkar.

Meeting global standards To be in line with global emissions

scenario and to reduce green house gases, India is a voluntary signatory, which needs to act fast and be in line with global emission standards. CPCB II norms are in general similar to EU Stage-III-A (European Union) and US-EPA-Tier-3 (United States Environment Protection Agency) norms. The difference between EU Stage IIIA and CPCB is that EU III A is applicable for rental (mobile) gensets upto 500 KVA only. As against that CPCB II are applicable to all diesel gensets (stationary as well as mobile) in India upto 800 kW (1000 kVA). Mr Cooper states, “These norms will bring Indian manufacturers above par with their global competitors. At Cooper our gensets enjoy a unique position amongst other diesel power generators and we are proud of the range of gensets that we produce, enabling us to tailor-made products for our customers and which suit all government norms of each of the countries that we do business with.” “We have already catered to successful export orders from countries like Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Panama and Middle East. These export orders has helped the company expand its global footprint,” he concludes.

Cooper to export 20 gensets to Panama

ooper Corporation, the engine and genset manufacturer based at Satara, announced their exports of custom-built 20 units gensets to Panama. Panama has a tropical climate where temperatures are uniformly high, relatively humid and with very little seasonal variations. Cooper gensets provide customized voltage and frequency power and are tailor made to suit these conditions. The output frequency of a generator

July 2014

is one of the crucial parameters that determine a generator’s rating. Cooper ECOPACK genset from 10 KVA – 200 KVA meets the Panama frequency rating of 60Hz to match the output of a standard electrical grid or the frequency rating of the appliances. Cooper gensets provide frequency switches and engine control switches with customized frequencies as per the desired requirements of the country. Commenting on the export of custom built gensets, Farrokh N. Cooper, Chairman and Managing Director,

Cooper Corporation said, “We are happy to receive this order and do business with Panama. Cooper has earlier successfully catered orders from countries like Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Middle East etc and these export orders help the company expand its global footprint. Our Gensets enjoy a unique position amongst other diesel power generators and we are proud of the range of gensets that we produce, enabling us to tailor make products for our customers and which suit all government norms of each of the countries that we do business with.”

Electrical & Power Review

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Tech view

he total installed power generation capacity in India is about 228.72 GW, out of which 134.39 GW is from coal based thermal power plant that forms 58.75 per cent of total installed capacity by 30th Sept. 2013. For coal fired thermal power plants, auxiliary power is essential to run the auxiliary equipment. The auxiliary power varies depending on the type of auxiliary equipment used. The estimated auxiliary power used for running the coal fired thermal power plants in India is about 11,340 MW that forms average of about 8.4 per cent of coal based power plants and 4.9 per cent of total installed capacity. The thermal power plant availability & reliability depends largely upon the operational reliability of the auxiliary equipment and the capability of the auxiliary system. The auxiliary power consumption is on higher side in Indian power plants as compared to other developed countries due to poor plant load factor, poor coal quality, excessive steam flow, internal leakage in equipment, inefficient drives, lack of operational optimization of equipment, ageing of equipment, hesitation in technology upgradation, obsolete equipment, design deficiencies, oversizing of equipment, use of inefficient controls, etc. By reducing the auxiliary power of coal fired stations in India by 1 per cent, about 1,350 MW of power can be pumped into grid with nominal investment for plant performance improvement.

July 2014

The auxiliary power (AP) is the essential power used by the auxiliary equipment and the auxiliary power can be broadly classified into in-house auxiliary power (boiler feed pumps (BFP), condensate extraction pumps (CEP), induced draft fans (ID), forced draft fans (FD), primary air fans (PA), mills, etc.) and out-lying or common auxiliary power (circulating water pumps (CWP), ash slurry pumps, etc.). In this article we are discussing on the energy conservation techniques and performance of major in-house equipment. Figure 1 is the schematic of major in-house auxiliary equipment in thermal power plant.

Feature 1: Schematic the thermal power plant

Electrical & Power Review

Tech view In-house ht auxiliary equipment The auxiliary power for major in-house HT equipment forms about 5.49 per cent and in-house LT equipment is 1.50 per Table 2 SEC of HT auxiliary equipment (X-axis: Plant load factor). Sl. No.

Equipment

Value at 70 per cent PLF, kWh/t

Value at 100 per cent PLF, kWh/t

BFP

8.39

7.29

CEP

1.16

1.08

ID fan

2.51

2.25

FD fan

1.03

1.00

PA fan

6.79

6.14

Mills

10.09

8.15

cent to 68.9 that reduced the auxiliary power of one BFP by 2.1 MU/year that reduce the generation cost by 0.29 per cent.

Condensate extraction pumps In a 210 MW power plant, two pumps of 500 kW or three pumps of 250 kW are installed, one pump (for 500 kW) or two pumps (for 250 kW) will be working continuously and other will be stand-by. The AP used by CEP accounts for 0.22 per cent of gross energy generation at MCR as against to the design value of 0.22 per cent (Figure 3). The variation of specific AP is in the range of 0.22 to 0.31 per cent. The variation of condensate flow is in the range of 380 to 439

cent. The detailed energy conservation techniques for inhouse HT equipment are discussed below:

Boiler feed pumps In a 210 MW power plant, there are three pumps, two pumps will be working continuously and third will be stand-by. The power used by BFP accounts for 2.43 per cent of gross power generation and is high compared to design value of 2.28 per cent at MCR condition (Figure 2). The actual measured AP is more than the design value may be due to higher passing in bypass re-circulation valve, higher specific steam consumption (SSC) and higher blow downs, etc. Actual measured average specific AP for major auxiliary equipment is given in Table 1. The variation of specific AP is in the range of 2.43 to 2.88 per cent for BFP. The deviation in specific auxiliary power for operating the unit at 70 per cent PLF is 17.6 per cent. The FW flow is varying in the range of 480 to 710 t/h and the deviation in FW flow at 70 per cent PLF is about 29.3 per cent. The deviation in flow is much higher than the deviation in specific AP. The SEC is computed in the range of 7.21 to 8.57 kWh/t of FW flow and is higher than the design value of 7.04 kWh/t. The computed average SEC of major auxiliary equipment is given in Table 2. Some of the major energy conservation measures are: • The passing in re-circulation valve is observed in many of the power plants and that cause additional power in BFP. Reducing the passing in re-circulation valve (measured passing flow is about 56 t/h i.e., 8.2 per cent of total FW flow of one BFP) by replacing the valve seat had reduced the AP of BFP by 1.8 MU/year and reduce the generation cost by 0.25 per cent. • BFP is a multistage high pressure pump, there will be inter stage packing rings, but due to ageing of pump, there is cartridge internals wear and damage of interstage packing rings and higher gap between impeller & casing. Rectification of pump impeller (cartridge) of one BFP had improved the pump efficiency from 63.3 per

Electrical & Power Review

Figure 3: Auxiliary power of CEP

t/h and the deviation in specific AP at operating the unit at 70 per cent PLF is 35 per cent. The deviation in condensate flow is 12.5 per cent. The variation of computed SEC is in the range of 1.07 to 1.18 and is higher than the design value of 1.07 kWh/t. Some of the major energy conservation measures are: • Installation of Variable frequency drive for one of CEPs reduced the auxiliary power at 250 MW power plant is 26.4 per cent of CEP power that will reduce the total auxiliary by 0.06 per cent of gross energy generation. The envisaged energy saving by adopting VFD for CEP is 1.08 MU/year. • Enhancing the turbine efficiency by improving the turbine inlet and exit conditions, improving the condenser vacuum by maintaining the circulating water temperature near to design value through maintaining the cooling towers in good conditions, the AP of CEP will decrease.

Induced draft fans Generally in a 210 MW power plant, two fans of either 1250 kW or 1300 kW or 1500 kW are installed and both will be working continuously to maintain the furnace pressure to -3 to -5 mmWC and throw out the flue gas to atmosphere through chimney. The specific AP used by ID fans account for 1.10 per cent of gross energy generation at MCR as against to the design value of 0.90 per cent (Figure 4). The actual measured

July 2014

Tech view about 100 mmWC. The specific AP used by FD fans account for 0.21 per cent of gross energy generation at MCR is on par with the design value (Figure 5). The variation of specific auxiliary power is in the range of 0.21 to 0.30 per cent. The deviation in specific AP at operating the unit at 70 per cent PLF is 37.6 per cent. The secondary air flow is varying in the range of 410 to 452 t/h and the deviation in secondary air flow is computed in the range of 9.1 per cent. The variation in computed SEC is in the range of 0.99 to 1.04 kWh/t of SA and SEC is slightly high at MCR condition compared design value (i.e., 0.97 kWh/t) and is lower at 70 per cent PLF (i.e., 1.07 kWh/t). Figure 4: Auxiliary power of ID fans

AP is more than the design value may be due to furnace air ingress, excess air, leakage in Air pre-heater (APH) & flue gas ducts, poor coal quality, higher pressure drop across APH & ESP, etc. The variation of specific AP is in the range of 1.09 to 1.36 per cent. The deviation in specific AP operating the unit at 70 per cent PLF is 20.7 per cent. The variation of flue gas flow is in the range of 752 to 1028 t/h and the deviation in flue gas flow at 70 per cent PLF is 24.1 per cent. The variation in computed SEC is in the range of 2.22 to 2.54 kWh/t of flue gas flow and is higher than the design value of 1.85 kWh/t. Some of the major energy conservation measures are: • Use of washed coal (i.e., higher calorific value and low ash content coal) reduced the flue gas flow by 10.6 per cent that reduced the energy consumption of ID fans by 6.61 MU/year for 210 MW plant. • Use Variable frequency drives for ID fans in a 210 MW power plant will reduce the auxiliary power by 2.12 MU/ year. • Generally in a 210 MW power plant, regenerative rotary air pre-heaters (APH) are used to extract the heat from flue gas to heat the primary & secondary air. The APH consists of tri-sector, one for flue gas, one for secondary air and other for primary air. The primary air pressure will be on higher side and will try to escape to flue gas side which will be negative pressure. This cause air leakage through APH that will increase the flue gas flow and will load the ID fans. This is overcome by incorporating the dynamic double seal technique for APH. The reduction air leakage in APH from 30 per cent to 5 per cent reduced the energy consumption of ID fans by 2.5 MU/year.

Forced draft fans Generally in a 210 MW power plant, two fans of 650 kW or 750 kW or 850 kW are installed and both will be working continuously to provide the secondary air for combustion at windbox and to maintain the windbox differential pressure to

July 2014

Figure 5: Auxiliary power of FD fans

Some of the major energy conservation measures are: • Use of washed coal (i.e., higher calorific value and low ash content coal) reduced the secondary air flow 11 t/h that reduced the energy consumption of FD fans by 0.08 MU/year for one 210 MW plant that help in reduction of generation cost by 0.01 per cent. • The reduction air leakage in APH from 30 per cent to 5 per cent reduced the energy consumption of FD fans by 0.21 MU/year and reduce the generation cost by 0.03 per cent.

Primary air fans Generally in a 210 MW power plant, two fans of either 1100 kW or 1250 kW are installed and both will be working continuously to provide the primary air of about 700 – 800 mmWCL at mill inlet to lift the pulverized coal from mills to burners. The specific AP used by PA fans account for 0.93 per cent of gross energy generation at MCR as against to the design value of 0.65 per cent (Figure 6). The actual measured AP is more than the design value may be due to excess air, leakage in APH, poor coal quality, higher pressured drop across APH, etc. The variation of specific AP is in the range of 0.93 to 1.21 per cent. The difference in AP between actual measured value and design value is 0.30 per cent at MCR and 0.34 per cent at 70 per cent PLF. The deviation in specific AP at operating the unit at 70 per cent PLF is 26.9 per cent.

Electrical & Power Review

Tech view used continuously and sixth mill will be stand-by. The specific AP used by Mills accounts for 0.54 per cent of gross energy generation at MCR as against to the design value of 0.50 per cent (Figure 7). The actual measured auxiliary power is more than the design value may be due to poor coal quality. The variation of specific AP is in the range of 0.54 to 0.72 per cent. The deviation in specific AP at operating the unit at lower PLF is in the range of 16.7 per cent.

Figure 6: Auxiliary power of PA fans

The primary air flow is varying between 250.8 to 320.7 t/h and the deviation in primary air flow is computed in the range of 21.1 per cent. The variation in computed SEC is in the range of 6.13 to 6.83 kWh/t of PA flow and the SEC is higher compared to design value of 4.93 to 6.20 kWh/t. Some of the major energy conservation measures are: • Use of washed coal (i.e., higher calorific value and low ash content coal) reduced the primary air flow by 21 t/h that reduced the energy consumption of PA fans by 0.92 MU/year for one 210 MW plant and help in reducing the generation cost by 0.13 per cent. • The reduction air leakage in APH from 30 per cent to 5 per cent reduced the energy consumption of PA fans by 0.34 MU/year which reduces the generation cost by 0.05 per cent.

Mills Generally in a 210 MW power plant six numbers of XRP 863 Bowl mills are installed. According to the Original design of the plant, four mills have to be working continuously, one mill will be hot stand-by and one mill will be cold stand-by. But due to use of inferior coal quality, presently five mills are being

The variation of coal flow is in the range of 100 to 143.2 t/h and the deviation in coal flow is computed in the range of 27.9 per cent. The variation in computed SEC is in the range of 8.0 to 10.3. SEC is greatly influenced by the PLF as well as coal flow. Some of major energy conservation measures are: • At presently the coal quality is poor that contains the ash quantity of the order of 50 – 60 per cent. This is overcome by use of beneficiated (washed) of coal that had reduced the ash content to 15 – 20 per cent and improved the mill throughput by about 15 – 20 per cent. The energy saving of about 2.7 MU/year is achieved in 210 MW plant and helps in reducing generation cost by 0.37 per cent. • Appropriate sizing of pulverized coal i.e., 70 per cent passing through 200 mesh (below 75 micron size). If the fineness is more the SEC of mills increases, the carbon particle escape the combustion zone faster and increase un-burnt carbon in fly ash. If the fineness is lower, the SEC of mills will be low, the heavier particle will fall down before combustion and increase the un-burnt carbon in bottom ash.

Conclusions Operating the plant at MCR condition (100 per cent PLF) reduced the auxiliary power from 12.05 per cent to 8.74 per cent. The use of washed coal improved the performance of auxiliary equipment and reduced the auxiliary power by about 0.5 – 0.6 per cent of gross energy generation. Reducing the hydrodynamic resistance in flue gas circuit, water circuit, air circuit and CW circuit reduced the auxiliary power by about 0.4 – 0.5 per cent of gross energy generation. Operating the plant at optimum excess air, controlling the furnace ingress, improving the performance of individual equipment by proper maintenance, etc., reduced the auxiliary power by about 0.2 – 0.5 per cent of gross energy generation. The implementation of energy conservation measures for in-house HT auxiliary equipment reduces the average generation cost by 2.66 per cent. Authored by__ Rajashekar P. Mandi Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore

Figure 7: SEC of Mills

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Udaykumar R Yaragatti National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathakal, India

July 2014

Green zone

CFD: innovative tool for wind resource assessment In wind energy sector everything drills down to accurate knowledge about local wind conditions

urbine efficiency remains a critical component of the overall economic justification for a potential wind farm. There is therefore a requirement for prediction methodologies that are capable of addressing the in-situ performance of multiple turbine installations within a specific local environment and operating in a range of conditions. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a quality technology that has recently been adopted as a standard tool by the major turbine manufacturers, energy companies and consultants in Europe and the USA and currently getting more attention in India too.

one of the seven most important open problems in mathematics. In other words, the equations are extremely difficult to solve. This difficulty can be overcome by CFD to a great extent. CFD is the only way to solve wind speeds without making simplifications.

Wind is described by an equation which only CFD can solve properly. Just like F = ma (or the formula for compound interest) calculates the force needed to accelerate an object (or the interest way to calculate wind speeds. However, the Navier-Stokes equation gives rise to

Strangely, engineers in the wind energy industry were allowed to use other methods to calculate wind speeds. Ironically, the power industry based on wind has been treated wind carelessly in the past decade, while car designers, say for example, have used CFD more

July 2014

The wind energy industry has suffered from poorly performing wind farms and disappointing production figures mainly due to lack of quality technologies like CFD. Over the past decades, it is widely acknowledged by other industries (automotive, aeronautical, construction and others) that CFD is the only option for calculating wind speeds.

rigorously to understand in detail how wind interacts with their designs. A plausible explanation for the failure to adopt CFD in the wind industry is that wind energy originated from Denmark. In Denmark, because there is little vegetation and little terrain variation, it is scientifically accepted to use simpler methods than CFD to calculate wind speeds. However, as other countries started expanding wind energy capacity, they adopted Danish methods without questioning the context in which those technologies were developed. They built wind farms on hill tops and in forests using a technology developed for flat terrain and no vegetation. There are many stories about turbine failures and production below expected levels. WindSimâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CFD analysis of those wind farms show that CFD could

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green zone have predicted, and avoided, those disappointments and failures. Wind farms are now perceived as risky investments. However, much of this risk can be mitigated by using the best quality technologies available. It is imperative that the industry now invests in CFD and other quality technologies to avoid turbine failures and to accurately predict and optimise the production. CFD is used to predict all possible wind speeds (and other characteristics) over a certain area. It is more or less a standard in all wind projects to perform a measurement. To make a measurement, a mast is erected typically at a height of 50-100 metres. The measurement through this mast will only tell a single wind speed: the wind speed at the position of the met mast. However, all other wind speeds, even those only a few metres away from the mast are not known. It is an established fact that wind speeds often change significantly only over distances as small as 10 metres. Therefore, the wind measurement from this mast is generally not valid for any other position than the position of the mast itself. To predict wind speeds in surrounding areas of the mast, one needs to use CFD. CFD will allow calculating all the wind speeds in a large area around the mast. The knowledge of all wind speeds at all possible points will enable an engineer to position his turbines in areas with high wind speeds to harvest the most energy possible. If the engineer does not use CFD, he will not be able to identify areas with the highest wind speeds, and the wind turbines would not be used optimally. Seasoned investors and leading consultants worldwide have already adopted CFD as a standard tool in analysis and design. In 2009, Risø DTU concluded that “[CFD] will be the workhorse for many years to come”. Risø DTU is the most recognised centre for wind energy technology. In fact, Risø DTU was the institution who developed the simplified way of

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calculating wind speeds prior to CFD: WASP. The institution is now admitting that their methodology is insufficient for calculating wind speeds. With inflow angle, wind shear, turbulence and extreme winds, that can be determined by CFD, making it essential tool for wind energy professionals. Assessment of wind resource is carried out through both observational and numerical means. Observational data are usually collected for one or several points within a wind farm development site but these observations cannot account for the terrain-induced variations in the local wind fields between or around the observation points. By combining the observations with WindSim’s advanced CFD flow modelling the users can create a full 3D model of the wind fields including mean wind speed, turbulence, wind shear and inflow angles. This allows for more informed decisions about turbine layout and more accurate estimates of annual energy production. Results from the use of this advanced technology show maximised wind farm performance; minimised risk, downtime and maintenance cost. Wind park layout optimisation has increased the AEP (Annual Energy Production) by up to 10 percent. This is against the conventional method that adapts linear model tools such as WAsP (DTU), WindFarm (ReSoft), WindFarmer (GL Garrad Hassan) and WinPRO (EMD). Typically the advancement in wind farm design module software is directly proportional to modelling complexity, user competence and infrastructure in terms of terrains. While the linear modules dominate the basic tools, the value chain moves to simple CFD (computational fluid dynamics) followed by advanced CFD and culminating in to high CFD. WindSim is catering to the requirements of Advanced CFD where the accuracy level is increased benefiting both the wind farm developers and wind turbine

manufacturers as well. WindSim helps the IPPs to pinpoint the turbine suitability to the particular site and get an optimised turbine to harness the wind potential to the maximum level. Besides, it helps the financial institutions to expedite financial closures due to availability of more accurate data viability of the Project Finance, since one of the major challenges in the Indian wind energy sector is project finance. The company’s software helps assess the wind conditions in terms of capacity, net energy production and plant load factor. Besides, it is also suggests the best height to place turbine in the given layout and generate maximum energy. In addition, it also suggests site compliance according to IEC 614001 , in terms of ambient turbulence, effective turbulence, shear exponent of the turbines and structural integrity as well. WindSim has recently launched WS 6.2 with advance GCV Solver The GCV (General Collocated Velocity) Solver represents a major upgrade to the WindSim CFD procedure; Comprised of a new numerical scheme, it handles highly non-orthogonal grids used in complex terrain situations; The technology makes the CFD procedure faster and robust without compromising on the accuracy. WindSim CFD technology is used to optimise wind turbine placement and performance. Using the software suite from early concept evaluation, through engineering to operation, secures overall capital and operating cost effectiveness. Authored by__

T F Jayasurya, Country Manager - India, WindSim

July 2014

Interview

Indo-Swedish cleantech relations to better energy sector

eed for focusing on clean technology has encouraged educational institutions to support various energy initiatives. WeSchool’s ‘India-Sweden Innovation Accelerator (ISIA)’ is one such example. In this interview, Prof. Dr. Uday Salunkhe talks on this bilateral programme and its expected outcomes.

“Developing opportunities for international technology partnerships, innovations and market development should be India’s next focus area for renewable energy,” says Prof. Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Group Director, WeSchool

What are the objectives of setting up India-Sweden Innovation Accelerator (ISIA) programme? How is this initiative going to help the Indian energy sector? India Sweden Innovation Accelerator (ISIA) is a bilateral programme that aims at facilitating technology transfer and market entrance in Indian energy sector for Swedish innovative companies, focusing on scaling and adapting their technologies to the local context. The programme is scheduled for 2013-14. Technology adaptation and the right partnerships are crucial elements that determine the level of success and applicability of any foreign technology in India. It targets innovative Swedish companies that have a proven technology, along with the willingness to adapt to new markets. Considering the Indian energy constraints in terms of supply-demand gap, and challenges in distribution and the resulting loss therein, we definitely need to turn the focus on the energy sector. Also the difficult topographies and remote areas (interiors and countryside) where power hasn’t

July 2014

reached yet need attention. Above all, our dependence primarily on the conventional source (thermal energy) to meet our power needs also calls for exploring (the availability, feasibility and sustainability of) alternate or renewable sources or energy. Also as an educational institution we are well resourced and better placed in terms of reaching out to young minds or talent who will be at the helm of affairs, very soon. Our collaborations with some of the best educational establishments across the world also help us get the support of the experts in the sector and thus give concrete shape to the ideas and business models as per the peculiarities of a given geography, in the country. India today has a strong R&D base along with great academic talent; it is a leading innovation player in certain sectors such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, automotive components, IT and ITES. India and Sweden have well established ties in health, technology, skill development, environment, cultural and educational interaction. The bilateral trade between the two is growing decently well. Considering all this it would be great to work synergistically for more efficient energy consumption and environmental sustainability. The ISIA programme is financed by the Swedish Energy Agency. It is supported by the Swedish Government Offices as well as by the Indian Ministry of New

Electrical & Power Review

Interview and Renewable Energy and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. The Indo-Swedish Innovation Platform is implemented as cooperation between the Swedish Energy Agency, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Business Sweden. WeSchool, Mumbai is one of the academic partners under which the students and faculty members are working with different Swedish companies in the space of renewable energy sources helping them create a business strategy to enter the Indian market through a collaborative route.

How is it going to benefit the renewable energy players? India has made clear intentions to develop its renewable energy landscape. Ambitious target setting and subsidy developments in the renewable and energy efficiency sector have created a positive outlook for the country’s development and growth ambition. While India’s per capita power consumption is estimated to have doubled in the last five years, from approximately 400 kWh in 2007 to almost 800 kWh in 2012, power generation has increased only around 99 GW in the last 11 years. India is an attractive market for renewable energy due to both the availability of high solar radiance, wind speeds, as well as the power deficit. Renewable energy lends itself to decentralised generation and distribution further makes it an attractive option for India.

Developing opportunities for international technology partnerships, innovations and market development should be India’s next focus area for renewable energy. India is ready to do business in order to reach its energy ambition. And the initiative paves way for the same. The Swedish companies which are a part of the programme are all leading players in the sector of renewable energy.

What sort of response you are getting? The response has been quite overwhelming. Swedish companies were keen to introduce their innovations in the Indian energy sector. Talking of numbers we had over 40 Indian companies that wished to pair up with the 11 Swedish companies, and take things ahead under the initiative. About 35 students are involved in this process and they were part of B2B meetings working on business models for Swedish innovation products in the Indian markets. Over the period of next 4 months they would be studying the market size, business opportunity and appropriate business partners from both the countries who can work together effectively. Study says India scores poorly in terms of number of researchers per million population and innovation index. How do you look at the scope of this kind of programme in promoting innovation?

Sweden is one of the world’s most innovative countries, according to a study by the UN and the international business school INSEAD. It has ranked second for two years in a row, in the Global Innovation Index 2013 (GII) in a list of the world’s most innovative countries. Also it is known for investing in research and education in relation to GDP according to the study. While collaborating with Sweden naturally it will be our honest endeavour to match pace with their research and innovation. And definitely this effect will spread over effectively. And then, it is not the same sorry state that we think India is. There have been centres of professional excellence which are at par with their advanced counterparts across the globe. But the trend is growing. There are a decent number of establishments which support innovation cutting across the disciplines. We are the first business school to have an innovation lab on the campus. Recently, our Learning Resource Centre (LRC) has received “Technology Innovation Award” from EBSCO, USA in recognition of best practice that helps others learn from our library’s outstanding efforts. Also our research cell has a team of experts to support research.

What are the challenges you are facing with respect to innovation and research in this sector? Talking of renewable energy, apart from solar and wind most of the other modes like biogas etc. are in unorganised sector. And this makes it difficult to document them, tab their progress and help them scale up into sound business models.

Are you getting adequate support from the government bodies to meet these challenges? At the moment our format is completely of B2B partnership, working under the government policies and guidelines. But as of now there is no direct government involvement in it.

Electrical & Power Review

July 2014

Case Study

Company: Ambuja Neotia Location: Haldia, West Bengal Specifications: Two 4012-46TAG2A 1,500 KVA Purpose of application: Stand-by or prime power

Perkins diesel engines were chosen to provide reliable standby or prime power for City Centre Mall in Haldia, West Bengal

Perkins powers shopping mall at Haldia Overview

Background

City Centre, a project of Ambuja Neotia Group, is surely harbouring new hopes for the people of well-known port city Haldia in West Bengal. The first organised multi-storeyed commercial project in Haldia is also an indication of what the future could be for the area, in terms of economic and cultural growth.

Ambuja Neotia selected Captiva Energy Solutions, a generator set OEM, using Perkins diesel engines, for their end-to-end stand-by or prime power solutions for City Centre mall at Haldia.

Haldia is one of the most efficiently managed and easily accessible industrial hubs in West Bengal, benefitting from an excellent location. It has an interesting and impressive concentration of several communities, necessitating an inclusive retail market to cater to peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs. City Centre, Haldia was established as an integrated and modern development envisioned by Ambuja Neotia that promises to bring the excellence of City Centre malls to Haldia.

July 2014

Ambuja undertook a rigorous evaluation of the options and after

The technical specifications, cost competitiveness and capability of Captiva Energy Solutions to execute such a critical project has been of paramount importance for us to take our decision on procuring Perkins powered DG sets - Sudhir Ambuja Neotia.

Himatsingka

careful consideration, selected the proposal put forward by Captiva Energy Solutions. As Haldia is a semi-urban town, they needed a local company, with the ability to execute the project within the stipulated time and deliver a quality solution in line with their corporate goal.

Opportunity Perkins diesel engines were required to provide reliable stand-by or prime power for the mallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s systems, and meet the power requirements for both existing and future occupants.

Result Captiva Energy Solutions offered a turnkey solution by setting up two 1,500 kVA diesel generating sets powered by Perkins 4012-46TAG2A, in synchronised mode, with automation to meet their load requirements.

Electrical & Power Review

GUEST COLUMN

Power rental business in India: an overview Unlike other developing countries rental power business is still in nascent stages in India. This article discusses the past, present and future of this sector

orldwide power rental business is growing at an average 15-20 per cent CAGR and in India too power rental business has more than 3 decades of history. A major chunk of economic activities in India is undocumented or under-documented. Barring few sectors, most industries are characterised by a large number of small and medium companies so as in power rental too. The unorganised sector in India constitutes approximately 60 per cent of the country’s GDP and employs over 92 per cent of the work force. Gathering marketing or competitive intelligence in such scenario is challenging. While it is not possible to get anywhere close to perfect information in this scenario. It is a tough task to extract actionable inputs. Worldwide major sectors, which guzzle rental power, are utilities, mining, oil and gas, shipping, telecom, major events and natural calamities. Utility sector is one of

July 2014

the largest among them however in India utility is mostly managed by state discom except few metros like Mumbai, Delhi. Few State government subsidies power for their domestic and agricultural users and offset with commercial or industrial power. Domestic, Industrial and Commercial tariffs are fixed primarily by state government and central or state electricity regulatory commission from state to state. With increasing oil prices, the cost of power generation with conventional diesel generators has become very expensive over recent years. Furthermore the trend is likely to continue, increasing prices further in the future. High fuel price makes power rental for utility sector is unviable due to huge cost difference (almost 500 per cent) with diesel-based solution, which are widely used for temporary power. India being one of the largest and strongest democratic country and it’s highly impracticable to influence government alone to take decision for decentralised rental power plant for

peak shaving or add quick rental power plants as alternate for power scarcity like they did in Bangladesh or Pakistan.

Factors that drive power rental business • GDP growth or demand supply gap • Propensity to rent • Market awareness or communication or recovery • Operational effectiveness in terms of cost or people or utilisation.

GDP growth demand supply gap: Generally in a growing economy when GDP grows demand for power increases and hence power rental too grows. When economies are growing, all activities tend to be demanding, and therefore more likely to rent power, rather than lose production during maintenance or shutdown of own utility or during expansion. Utilities also turn to rental options while demand supply gap widens due to high season for peak shaving in hot season, and

Electrical & Power Review

GUEST COLUMN lack of electrification or during natural calamities especially when it is affecting domestic population and industries at large. Major reasons like lack of base load capacities, outdated installations, transmission bottlenecks; distribution losses, pilferage and sometimes-erratic seasonal changes also force utilities for such options. In India demand supply gap is hovering around 7-14 per cent from low to high season however from zone to zone this varies from as low as 2 per cent in few states to peak 25 per cent in southern states during summer seasons. With recent connectivity of central grid with southern state reduced this gap drastically which also helped underutilised grid capacities in central region to quench power thirst of southern states resulted lower demand compared to previous years.

Propensity to rent It is a factor which determines how susceptible people are ready to rent rather than owing assets which is driven by various factors like cost and availability of capital, tax treatment and most important is the awareness and acceptance of outsourcing concept. Generally in India people have a tendency to buy assets and show in books especially when it is required frequently and indefinite duration? For year together power cuts or load shedding is a frequent phenomenon hence most industries or projects invest for DG sets right at the commencement stage itself. When economy grows, financing is going to be hard and often expensive, and therefore more likely to be prepared to rent. In India there are few other issues hamper rental concept which are listed below: • Difference in grid and diesel based power tariff: Almost five times • Open access, power trading and exchange: Flexible options are availability for multi-megawatt users • Statutory approvals: In India it’s too many windows like CEIG, EB, CCOE and CPCB • Emission laws: Stacks of 30 meters especially for HFO and diesel • Infrastructure support: Very bad

Electrical & Power Review

road conditions, availability of cranes • Fuel cost and on site storage: Very high fuel cost and restriction of holding diesel more than 1000 liters • High gas price and availability: Lack of NG and infrastructural support for imported LNG terminals. • Restriction for imports: Used DG set import is restricted as per import export law. • Domestic availability of rental speech (plug and play) power equipment during emergency • High import duty: Almost 29 per cent of equipment value.

Market awareness or communications or pricing All though rental business was prevailing in India for almost three decades, is mostly scattered due to vast geographical area and lack of industries concentration. Except for long-term requirements for islands like Andaman there aren’t many opportunities available in projects. Suppliers were also very few with capabilities to manage large rental power projects as synchronised single power source. Initially HFO-based power plants were widely considered as a power rental projects as it requires heavy investment and skilled manpower hence mostly available for long-term requirements. Regional genset dealers started power rental as other source of income and few got established over number of years with few key pockets like mining, shipping, oil and gas and events business. This has become a serious investment for last 15 years with entry of few professional companies into this business. Since 2000 Indian market was growing incoherently sector-by-sector hence power rental business limited to regional levels and catered mainly to growing industries. There wasn’t many pan India suppliers in India. General awareness of rental concept started picking up and that makes entry of a few multinational companies. In India 75 per cent of rental business is managed by unorganised players mainly propitiatory businesses and mostly manages rental fleet with used engines

that are old with high fuel consumption or mostly depreciated assets accrued from industries or auctions. These local companies determine prices and between them though there isn’t much differentiation or value additions hence often create price war among them. Hence recoveries with new machines will take long after consideration of direct and indirect expenses with utilisation. Generally in India average running hours are very low average 600100 hours pa as presently it’s mostly used for standby purpose where value addition is almost nil. Other reasons for low recoveries are mainly due to lack of daily and weekly contracts (30-50 per cent higher rates possible than monthly contracts) rental pro sectors like oil and gas, mining, utility and shipping are mostly managed by government hence tender process to follow. Most important unlike other markets general awareness of existence of such industry among project consultants or EPC companies are very limited or else they could plan for such activities like early commissioning or trial production in conceptualisation stage itself

Operational effectiveness in terms of cost or people or utilisation All though manpower and establishment cost are comparatively low in India, productivity matters a lot due to area covered that increase operational cost. High operation cost is also due to lack of availability proper infrastructure in India. Transport cost in India is almost double and travel time almost 3 times for the same distances travelled than in developed countries. Lack of support network across the country demands business to stock regionally thereby increase financial burden on working capital and availability of right consumable at all locations. Quality or training manpower also affects the rental business in terms of expenses since one should be trained overall to perform all types of troubleshooting while attending breakdowns. Success factor of any rental business

July 2014

GUEST COLUMN mainly depends on 3P: plant, people, and process. Quality and maturity of skilled manpower in rental sales and service matters a lot as it influence directly business growth, as the concept is not persuasive to all. Apart from product, market and application knowledge it definitely needs lot of situational knowledge of industries it caters. Rental in India is managed predominantly by proprietorship hence owners manages business directly and there is no pool of ready-made talent available particularly in sales. There is a certainly scarcity of skill sets and knowledge for such people in sales. As this industry demands 24x7 onsite, attitude matters a lot for the right technician with multitasking knowledge and experience to solve problems or trouble shoot with minimum support. Also it needs huge cost on training on product and application knowledge for people development with no surety of retention. Situational knowledge of specific sectors and manufacturing process knowledge of industries matter most as most of the key needs are created and decisions taken at user levels and habitually with short notice. Ideally 65 per cent utilisation is decent

figure for any rental business. Factor, which improves utilisation, are long term contracts, quick turnaround capabilities, less travel time to start rental revenue etc. In India high travel time and longterm contracts compensate each other but need to sacrifice on rates. A good number of short-term contracts and quick turnaround time improves utilisation factor for which hub and spoke arranges reduces distance and fast deployments of fleet when required.

Conclusion Rental Power business needs to go a long way in India to get matured so that national or foreign investment should look at this sector seriously and infuse latest technology and modern equipment to upgrade the service. Infrastructure improvements brings in more light to this industry due to reduce transport time and cost. Customers also should think in the direction of cost of rental power vs. cost of not having power. There are number of policy changes also requires for this industry to grow in future of which mainly removal onsite fuel storage restriction and import of second hand genset above 10kVA, 3PH for industrial activities.

Below 10kVA is considered as dubbing and more useful for domestic purpose only. De-regularisation of electrical permission for a LV or MV installation for temporary purpose. Once the economy booms over 6-8 per cent of GDP real power shortage will hamper the growth unless there is a substitute to get access to good quality power. Today developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia and France also have rental power Industry with latest state of the art equipment’s with better fuel-efficient machines catering the growth of their economy. Grid independent industry like Mining, Oil and Gas, Shipping, Events will stay forever and we cannot substitute them without onsite temporary power service. Last but not least many natural calamities have hit several time in countries like US, Mexico, Japan and Australia and catastrophic failure to industry due to power plant or transformer breakdown however they all managed to recover back to normal life very soon with the help of rental power industry. Author: Boben Mathew, an expert in power rental business [The views expressed in this article are those of the authors only.]

New LED Adapters from GlacialPower

lacialPower, a division of Taiwanese technology manufacturer GlaicalTech, announces two new wall mount LED adapters for desk lamps, floor lamps, strip lighting and other indoor lighting applications under 9 watts. The 8W GP-LC3536-0A and the 9W GP-LC7021-0A are compact wall mount power supplies providing constant current for LED lighting. These fullyisolated LED adapters feature a compact two-prong design with Overload Protection (OLP) and Short Circuit Protection (SCP).

Standards Compliant The GP-LC LED adapters are designed to

July 2014

be fully compliant with standards and safe for indoor applications. Compliant with American UL1310 class 2 as well as European EN61347-1 and EN61347-2-13 specifications, The GP-LC LED adapters are easy for customers to adopt into their product lines. A double-insulated design means the GP-LC is a safe, Class 2 power supply which needs no ground pin.

• C ertified to UL1310 class 2-EN613471, EN61347-2-13 • Worldwide Voltage compatible from 90~260V AC • Power out plug can be customized • Protections: OLP (Overload Protection) or SCP (Short-Circuit Protection).

Features • S uitable for constant current LED lighting under 9W • Fully isolated Class 2 power supply • Wall plug can be selected for US or EU spec, with compact 2-prong design available

Euro plug

Electrical & Power Review

PEOPLE Piyush Goyal assumes charge of Power Ministry Piyush Goyal took over as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Ministries of power, coal and new & renewable energy. Speaking to media persons while assuming the charge, Mr Goyal said that one of his major priorities is to de-bottleneck the system and ensure fast delivery. The Minister said that there are huge expectations to deliver from the Modi Government which make the responsibility of each Minister bigger and broader. Mr Goyal said that the Ministries of power, coal and new & renewable energy have been brought together under one umbrella because people want to see a small government but more delivery. It also recognises the synergy of various Ministries in government functioning, he added. He said that the job ahead is challenging since the Modi government has ambitious plans to serve the nation.

Cyan appoints Peter Mainz to its Board of Directors Cyan Holdings plc, the integrated system and software design company delivering mesh-based flexible wireless solutions for utility metering and lighting control, has announced that it is appointing Peter Mainz as a new non-executive director. Peter served as CEO and President of Sensus Inc, a leading global solutions company offering smart meters, communications systems, software and services for the electric, gas and water industries with operations in 22 countries across the world. Prior to joining Sensus, Peter held various global executive roles at Schlumberger after launching his career at IBM. John Cronin, Executive Chairman, Cyan Technology commented, â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are delighted to have Peter join the Board. I believe his appointment will significantly enhance the Companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to accelerate its strategic objectives, and in particular its position at the forefront of a number of emerging markets. Peter is very well connected in smart metering, brings with him significant experience and will no doubt assist the Company in achieving commercial success in its chosen markets.â&#x20AC;?

Electrical & Power Review

July 2014

Trade Zone

t o psh

a n S et

k r a M

IEX & PXIL Price and Volume Day Ahead Market-Mayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;14 Delivery day

"IEX Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)"

"PXIL Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)"

"IEX MCV (MWh)"

"PXIL MCV (MWh)"

Delivery day

"IEX Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)"

"PXIL Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)"

"IEX MCV (MWh)"

"PXIL MCV (MWh)"

1st May

3.80

3.39

89,366

1,149

16th May

2.87

2.85

74,578

938

2nd May

3.52

3.18

87,354

1,914

17th May

3.09

2.78

69,248

1,358

3rd May

3.14

3.13

79,836

1,645

18th May

3.10

3.28

74,190

1,517

4th May

2.82

3.03

68,645

720

19th May

3.51

3.58

72,269

1,072

5th May

3.03

2.85

70,952

617

20th May

3.96

3.56

64,751

1,477

6th May

2.83

2.86

78,755

740

21st May

4.06

3.90

72,725

1,958

7th May

2.81

3.09

86,602

812

22nd May

3.93

3.90

78,724

1,912

8th May

2.82

3.00

90,705

1,014

23rd May

4.20

3.88

68,191

1,345

9th May

2.71

3.14

87,008

1,197

24th May

4.08

4.33

67,796

1,530

10th May

2.66

2.83

86,880

896

25th May

3.46

3.84

72,671

1,232

11th May

2.44

2.98

82,788

774

26th May

3.55

3.53

72,416

1,259

12th May

2.61

2.93

76,935

591

27th May

3.61

3.73

70,586

821

13th May

2.61

2.84

69,424

639

14th May

2.62

2.80

69,366

566

15th May

2.79

2.71

74,357

853

28th May

3.56

3.50

62,830

1,025

29th May

3.82

3.51

64,206

901

30th May

3.73

3.75

80,236

1,549

31st May

3.95

3.38

83,387

1,442

IEX & PXIL Price & Volume in Day Ahead Market-May'14 Volume (MWh)

IEX MCV (MWh)

PXIL MCV (MWh)

IEX Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)

PXIL Avg MCP (Rs./kWh)

Price (Rs/KWh)

100,000

5.00

90,000

4.50

80,000

4.00

70,000

3.50

60,000

3.00

50,000

2.50

40,000

2.00

30,000

1.50

20,000

1.00

10,000

0.50 0.00

1st May

July 2014

4th May

7th May

10th May

13th May

16th May Day

19th May

22nd May

25th May

28th May

31st May Source: IEX

Electrical & Power Review

Trade Zone

IEX Non-solar REC Trade Details

Month

Buy Bid

Sale Bid

Cleared Volume

Cleared Price (Rs/REC)

Month

Buy Bid

Sale Bid

Cleared Volume

Cleared Price (Rs/REC)

Apr'11

260

4,046

260

1,500

Nov'12

54,976

921,376

54,976

1,500

May'11

14,002

15,143

14,002

1,500

Dec'12

173,644

855,784

173,644

1,500

Jun'11

72,002

21,331

15,902

1,505

Jan'13

190,875

1,371,503

190,875

1,500

Jul'11

81,493

34,976

14,668

1,555

Feb'13

48,093

1,526,114

48,093

1,500

Aug'11

145,204

49,897

22,096

1,800

Mar'13

307,260

1,308,044

307,260

1,500

Sep'11

196,159

76,026

41,385

2,300

Apr'13

10,670

1,221,579

10,670

1,500

Oct'11

201,532

135,424

92,303

2,700

May'13

18,543

1,280,605

18,543

1,500

Nov'11

257,578

155,917

96,154

2,900

Jun'13

36,147

1,401,048

36,147

1,500

Dec'11

264,093

166,000

105,942

2,950

Jul'13

72,321

1,676,875

72,321

1,500

Jan'12

414,387

186,610

165,460

3,051

Aug'13

31,101

1,872,449

31,101

1,500

Feb'12

360,330

215,157

190,482

3,066

Sep'13

38,195

2,325,171

38,195

1,500

Mar'12

272,366

223,907

190,354

2,900

Oct'13

98,921

2,447,684

98,921

1,500

Apr'12

237,100

105,844

62,277

2,201

Nov'13

97,743

2,760,452

97,743

1,500

May'12

339,882

246,501

153,125

2,402

Dec'13

250,722

2,712,444

250,722

1,500

Jun'12

313,973

330,371

223,164

2,402

Jan'14

78,955

2,557,666

78,955

1,500

Jul'12

149,628

435,348

147,369

2,000

Feb'14

176,107

2,015,377

176,107

1,500

Aug'12

248,168

568,097

248,168

1,500

Mar'14

361,842

2,893,896

361,842

1,500

Sep'12

239,364

664,641

239,364

1,500

Apr'14

16,798

2,924,976

16,798

1,500

Oct'12

132,231

851,177

132,231

1,500

May'14

16,142

3,615,695

16,142

1,500

IEX Non-solar REC Trade Details Sale Bid

Cleared Volume

Cleared Price (Rs/REC)

2,000,000

3,500

1,600,000

2,800

1,200,000

2,100

800,000

1,400

400,000

700

0 Apr'11 May'11 Jun'11 Jul'11 Aug'11 Sep'11 Oct'11 Nov'11 Dec'11 Jan'12 Feb'12 Mar'12 Apr'12 May'12 Jun'12 Jul'12 Aug'12 Sep'12 Oct'12 Nov'12 Dec'12 Jan'13 Feb'13 Mar'13 Apr'13 May'13 Jun'13 Jul'13 Aug'13 Sep'13 Oct'13 Nov'13 Dec'13 Jan'14 Feb'14 Mar'14 Apr'14 May'14

Cleared Price (Rs./REC C)

No. of REC

Buy Bid

Source: IEX

Electrical & Power Review

July 2014

Regd. No. MH/MR/North East/290/2013-15 • Posted at Tilak Nagar PO Mumbai - 400089 on 1st & 2nd of every month.• English • Monthly • Date of Publication: 1st of every month.