research-compendium-vol-6-en by Ajman University

Ajman University of Science and Technology Network (AUST Network) Research, Information and Training Council (RIT Council)

ANNUAL RESEARCH COMPENDIUM 2009/2010

Volume 6 Ajman, United Arab Emirates February 2011

Supervision: Dr. Ahmed M. Ankit Vice President External Relations and Cultural Affairs Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Revision: Research and Working Team chaired by Dr. Abduelmula R. Abduelkarem College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, AUST Network Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Contact: Prof. Dr. Omer A. Attef General Secretary, Research, Information and Training Council Ajman University of Science and Technology Network PO Box: 346, Ajman, UAE Tel.: +971-6-7056221 Fax: +971-6-7055221 Email: jrac.attef@ajman.ac.ae Available on: http://www.ajman.ac.ae/rit-arc/

AUST Network - RIT Council

The Exalted Said:

" O my Lord ! increase me in knowledge." 020.114

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Message From His Excellency, The Supreme President of AUST Network In the name of Allah, the most merciful, the most compassionate. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his Family and his Companions. Dear AUST Network's Faculty Scholars and Researchers, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network has reason to be proud of its comprehensive vision in its educational, informational, and investment dimensions, and to be equally proud of its educational philosophy in the five domains: tutoring, research, training, expertise, and practice. Similarly, the decision-maker is pleased to witness the good harvest of the vision and philosophy reaped on the ground through the accurate standardized application that transcends the boundaries of this institution to become a unique model that the outside may emulate. On the occasion of the release of the sixth volume (in as many years) of the Annual Research Compendium, embodying the latest contributions to research of AUST Network's faculty, the close follow-up resulting in bringing out this publication and the indefatigable effort over six consecutive years to secure its regular annual appearance is a remarkable achievement. This achievement is considered to be one of AUST Network's most standardized good practices for quality assurance in the area of higher education, a good practice which falls in line with the expectations of the Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA) at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. In this respect, AUST's practice harmonizes with the 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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Ministry's aspiration to promote scientific research to spearhead development in the UAE and the region in all aspects of life. From the viewpoint of AUST's methodology and its position as overseer and incubator of the Arab-Euro Research Network, and while bearing in mind the need to harmonize with our comprehensive vision, we have repeatedly and untiringly stressed the importance of conducting research as a mandatory requirement that is included in the evaluation process and criteria of AUST' faculty. As always, this is to be undertaken through the mechanism of the Research and Action Groups, a mechanism that we innovated, tried, and proved to be able to deliver. We have consistently confirmed that the harvest of these Groups is enriched by the active engagement of all AUSTs affiliates in all units and entities and at all levels of reference authorities. The results of these diversified researches are deemed to be the ideal means of enabling scientists and scholars to distinguish right and wrong, and, in our view, a more effective or better tried mechanism does not exist. This, at least, is what we firmly believe and hold while recognizing the right and privilege of others to maintain and apply their own approach, knowledge, and skills. That is because the innovation on which our vision is based is not our exclusive property or invention, but our conviction is that we contribute more than most to the field of innovation. Indeed, everyone lays claim to innovation, but who can tell the true innovator from the false pretender? At the moment, however, the challenge confronting us is represented by the objective and self-critical evaluation of the Research and Action Groups experience, by the specification of the standards of research and those of action (by which is meant the action that verges on activation), by determining when the stage of research begins and ends, and by defining when the stage of action/activation gets underway (and whether these are two separate stages or whether they are parallel and overlapping). There is here some food for thought, but essentially what is required of everyone is more effort, perseverance, patience,

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purity of intentions faith that inspires good deeds, and last but not least, trust in Allah to crown our endeavour with a rich harvest.

Dr. Saeed Abdullah Salman

Supreme President, AUST Network Honorary President, Association of Arab Private Institutions for Higher Education President, Euro-Arab Research Network

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Preface Research means innovation Faculty member in most prestigious universities pride themselves with the types of research they do. It is a fundamental moral commitment to innovation and development. Quality education is based on the ability to innovate which can be achieved only by a serious engagement in conducting research. Ajman University of Science and Technologyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s track record of publications is increasing and bears impact on the reputation of the University. More resources are being allotted to colleges to encourage research. The Information, Training and Research Council will continue to support excellence in order to place the University in an advanced position among its counterparts. The publication of abstracts is a recognition and appreciation of the University towards its faculty members. We are grateful for their contributions and commitment to improvement.

Dr. Ahmed M. Ankit

Vice President External Relations and Cultural Affairs AUST Network

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Table of Contents College Of Engineering: TRACKING ANALYSIS OF THE NORMALIZED LMS ALGORITHM WITHOUT THE INDEPENDENCE AND SMALL STEP SIZE ASSUMPTIONS: Eweda Eweda

HOME ECG SYSTEM: SIGNAL PROCESSING AND REMOTE TRANSMISSION: Tahereh Shams, Fereshteh Rahi, Mustahsan Mir and Mohamed Nasor

APPLICATION OF SIMULATED ANNEALING TO CLUSTERBOUNDARY SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR MACROCELL PLACEMENT OPTIMIZATION: Mustahsan Mir

A HIGH CAPACITY DIGITAL WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE FOR THE AUTHENTICATION OF COLOUR IMAGES: AlGindy, H. Al-Ahmad, R. Qahwaj and A. Tawfik

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A SMART TWO DIRECTIONAL MOSFET MAGNETIC SENSOR: Ali Abou-Elnur, Esam Yousri, Osama Abo Elnor and Mohamed Marzouq

AUTOMATED WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUALS REQUIRING CONTINUOUS REMOTE CARE: M. Osman, M. Nasor and A. Imran

EFFECTS OF SURGICAL PLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY EVALUATED WITH A PLANAR MATHEMATICAL MODEL: Ahmed Imran

ALGIERS AND ITS WATER FRONT: HISTORY, SPACE AND CULTURE: Bouzid Boudiaf

FROM THE SUSTAINABLE CULTURE TO THE CULTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY: Bouzid Boudiaf; Bassim Salah and Sahar Makky

ASSESSMENT TOOLS: MATHEMATICAL FACTORIAL AND ADJACENCY DISTRIBUTION THEORY FOR HOUSING TYPOLOGY IN GAZA CITY: Emad S.Mushtaha, Mohammad Arar and Faisal Hamid

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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF USING ELEARNING SYSTEM IN ARCHITECTURAL CURRICULUM AJMAN UNIVERSITY AS A CASE STUDY: Mona Salameh and Emad S. Mushtaha

NATURAL LIGHTING, AS MAIN SUSTAINABLE/GREEN LIGHT DESIGN SOURCE IN INTERIOR DESIGN: Naglaa Sami A. Mahmoud

THE IDENTITY OF OPERATIVE ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES: Michael Schwarz

College Of Pharmacy And Health Sciences: -

PROGNOSTIC INDICES FOR HOSPITAL MORTALITY AMONG LIBYAN DIABETIC PATIENTS: AR Abduelkarem, HJ ElShareif and SI Sharif

ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Sahar Fahmy, Bazigha Abdul Rasool, Abduelmula Abduelkarem and Iman Basheti

PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF SELECTED AGENTS AT GENERAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, TRIPOLI CENTRAL HOSPITAL, LIBYA: Abduelmula R Abduelkarem, Amar M Hamrouni, Nesrin S Ghnan, Insherah M. Ben Zekri and Minar Dada

A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES PRIVATE HOSPITALS: Muaed Jamal Alomar and Claire Caroline Strauch

ASSESSMENT BREAST CANCER KNOWLEDGE AMONG FEMALE TEACHERS IN AJMAN SCHOOLS - A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY: Noor Arrabi, Marwa Bahaa and Yaseen Al Hariri

MIGRAINE HEADACHE: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ASTROCYTES CONNECTION: Husnia. I. Marrif, Naser. A. Al-wabel, Azza. A. Tlt and Bernhard HJ Juurlink

SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL SUBSTITUTED AND UNSUBSTITUTED N(BENZOYLPHENYL)-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES AS POTENT ANTIHYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC AGENTS: Moyad

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Shahwan, Ghassan Shattat, Tariq Al-Qirim, Ghassan Abu Sheikha, Yusuf Al-Hiari, Waseem El-Huneidi, Anan Jarab and Manal Al-Najdawi -

COSMETICS: USES AND SAFETY: Mona Ibrahim, Doaa Mahmoud, Layal I. Haddad, Hiba Salah and Yasser Shabrawy

STEM CELLS BETWEEN ETHICS AND SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY: Douna Nekoula Rahwan and Nasrin Samir Majbour and Yasser El-Shabrawy

RADIOTHERAPY AND RADIOISOTOPES: Seba M. Khalid, Rana Ghazi and Yasser El-Shabrawy

BOTOX® – AS AN ANTI-CHOLINERGIC IN IMPROVING PATIENT’S QUALITY OF LIFE: Yousef Ahmed, Yasser Shabrawy and Nageeb Abdul Galil

ZOONOSES: Anas Abdulla Al-Sayed, Hazem Shukfa and Yasser Shabrawy

College of Information Technology: -

RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY: M. Ayman Al Ahmar

TOWARDS A BLENDED-LEARNING APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF INTRODUCING AN ELEARNING EXPERIENCE TO THE CONVENTIONAL LEARNING METHODS: M. Nachouki, A. Dabbagh and A. Ankit

A NEW PCA-BASED FACE AUTHENTICATION APPROACH FOR SMART CARD IMPLEMENTATION: Sehad, N. Bessah, I. Touari, Y. Benfattoum, H. Khali2 and M. Cherit

College of Dentistry: -

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF NANOFILLED LIGHT-ACTIVATED COMPOSITES: Ali A. Razooki Al- Shekhli and Isra’a A. Al- Aubi

EFFECTIVENESS OF CURE EVALUATION OF FOUR LIGHTACTIVATED COMPOSITES USING DIFFERENT CURING MODES: Ali A. R. Al- Shekhli

INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

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COMPOSITION ON THEIR DIAMETRAL TENSILE STRENGTH VALUES: Ali A. Razooki Al-Shekhli and Isra’a A. Al- Aubi -

IN-HOME BLEACHING EFFECT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES OF SOME DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS: Ali A. Razooki Al- Shekhli

MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS V NANOFILLED COMPOSITE COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL HYBRID AND FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS; AN IN VITRO STUDY: Ali Abdulwahab Al-Razooki and Mohammad Mustahsen Ur Rehman

INFLUENCE OF CANCELLOUS BONE RIGIDITY ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN BONE AROUND DENTAL IMPLANT: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY: Hasanen H. Al-Khafagy

BONDING RESIN COMPOSITE TO ETCHABLE AND NONETCHABLE CERAMIC RESTORATIONS: Abdul-Haq A. Suliman

NEW TRENDS IN ADHESION AND RESIN COMPOSITE: Abdul-Haq A. Suliman

MINIMIZING THE INJURY OF INFERIOR DENTAL NERVE DURING REMOVAL OF LOWER THIRD MOLAR: SYSTEMATIC APPROACH: Kamis Gaballah

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT METHODS IN UNDERGRADUATE DENTISTRY: LESSONS FROM THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE: Kamis Y Gaballah

DIFFUSE INFLAMMATORY FACIAL SWELLING SECONDARY TO LOCAL ANESTHETIC INJECTIONS IN PATIENT WITH POLYALKYLIMIDE GEL USED FOR CHEEK AUGMENTATION: Kamis Gaballah and AbdulRahman Saleh

ORAL HEALTH CONDITION AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF A GROUP OF UAE CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME: Mohamed A Jaber

TOBACCO SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AS RISK FACTORS FOR SITE-SPECIFIC INTRAORAL EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA: Mohamed Abdullah Jaber

THE PATTERN OF OCCURRENCE OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN LIBYA: M. A. Jaber and Salem H. A. Abu Fanas

DENTAL PRACTITIONER’S KNOWLEDGE, OPINIONS AND

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METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF ORAL PREMALIGNANCY AND MALIGNANCY: Mohamed Abdullah Jaber -

EVALUATION OF NECK NODE METASTASIS FROM ORAL CANCER IN AN INDIAN POPULATION: A COMPARATIVE PILOT STUDY: M. Mohan, G. Paul, S. Thomas and M. A Jaber

ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND DENTAL NEEDS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS: Mohamed A. Jaber, Mohamed Sayyab and Salem H. Abu Fanas

FAILURE OF INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK; EXPLORING THE ALTERNATIVES: Mohamed A Jaber

DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENT: AN OVERVIEW: Mohamed A Jaber

College of Information, Mass Communication & Humanities -

ARABS AND THEIR PROFICIENCY IN INVESTING THE CONFLICTING ROLES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION: Mustafa Hameed Altaa

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND THE CHALLENGES OF A GLOBALIZED ECONOMY: Mustafa Hameed Altaa

RADIO AND TV AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF PERSUATION: Mustafa K. Al-Taiee

RADIO AND TV TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR APPLIED IMPORTANCE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING: Mustafa K. AlTaiee

College of Education and Basic Sciences -

TOWARDS BUILDING AN EFFICIENT REGIONAL GRADUATE PROGRAM MODEL FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: Ibrahim R. Gherfal INVESTIGATION, GENERATION AND INTERPOLATION: IN IBN AL-ROOMY POETRY - DISPLAYED AND ANALYSIS: Hashim Saleh Manna

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MOTIVES OF OBEDIENCE AND GIVING UP IN THE VERSES OF BYLAWS: Ali Abduljabbar Al-Srori

College of Law: -

103

THE EXTENT OF THE CIVIL PROTECTION OF UNREGISTERED TRADE MARKS IN JORDAN: Salah Zaineddin and Musleh Al Tarawneh

105

PRESERVING THE NATIONAL FOLKLORE: Abdel-Hamid Nagashi Zuheiry

106

MEASURE OF DAMAGES IN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT DISPUTES AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IN THE LIGHT OF MODELS FIDIC AND COMPARATIVE LAW: AbdelHamid Nagashi Zuheiry

107

College of Business Administration: -

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AN EXAMINATION OF THE NATURE AND TYPE OF ‘ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE’ THAT SUPPORTS INTER-PROJECT LEARNING IN SWEDISH CONSULTANCY FIRMS:Wise Mainga

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STRATEGIC APPLICATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AT A SOUTH AFRICAN GRADUATE BUSINESS SCHOOL: Wise Maing1, Pantaleo Rwelamila and Jim Carden

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LEADERSHIP PRACTICES FOR CORPORATE GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY: Alessia D'Amato, Regina Eckert, John Ireland, Laura Quinn and Ellen Van Velsor

115

THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISES ON THE ISLAMIC BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN UAE: Mohammed Naim Chaker and Abdalla Salih

117

IS THE GLASS CEILING KEPT IN PLACE IN SUDAN? GENDERED DILEMMA OF THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE: Samia A. Kargwell

118

Institute of Environment, Water and Energy -

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DESALINATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS: Zeinelabidin S. Rizk

121

123

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WATER RESOURCES IN THE ARABIAN GULF REGION: Zeinelabidin E. Rizk and Abdulrahman S. Alsharhan

125

COPENHAGEN CLIMATE SUMMIT…BIG CHALLENGES AND WEAK DECISIONS: Riadh Hamid Al-Dabbagh

128

THE DUST AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT: Riadh H. Al-Dabbagh

129

College of University Requirements and Academic Counselling - APPLICATION OF A SYSTEMIC SOFT DOMAIN-DRIVEN DESIGN FRAMEWORK: Mohammed Salahat and Steve Wade

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The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in their articles and for the validity of the results herewith published which do not necessarily reflect the opinion of AUST Network.

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College of Engineering

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TRACKING ANALYSIS OF THE NORMALIZED LMS ALGORITHM WITHOUT THE INDEPENDENCE AND SMALL STEP SIZE ASSUMPTIONS Eweda Eweda Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 9th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, AUST, Ajman UAE, December 2009 The paper provides a rigorous tracking analysis of the normalized LMS algorithm under weak assumptions. The analysis is done in the context of identifying a randomly time-varying plant. No restrictions are made on the dependence between successive regressors, the dependence among the regressor elements, the length of the adaptive filter, the distributions of the filter input, noise, and plant parameter increments. The analysis holds for all values of the algorithm step size in the range between 0 and 2. The analysis is carried out using a recently presented performance measure, which is based on the time evolution of the component of the weight deviation vector in the direction of the regressor. This component is termed as the effective weight deviation since it is the only component that contributes to the excess estimation error at the output of the adaptive filter. The paper provides boundedness results concerning the effective weight deviation and the excess estimation error. An expression of the optimum step size is derived. The derived results hold over a wide range of the nonstationarity degree of the plant parameters. The analytical results of the paper are supported by simulations.

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HOME ECG SYSTEM: SIGNAL PROCESSING AND REMOTE TRANSMISSION Tahereh Shams, Fereshteh Rahi, Mustahsan Mir and Mohamed Nasor College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 9th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, AUST, Ajman UAE, December 2009 This paper describes the development and testing of a prototype home ECG (Electrocardiograph) system that obtains patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ECG signal and processes it to determine related parameters using LabVIEW software. The hardware part of this system comprises of electronic circuits designed to obtain the ECG signal from a patient and the calculated parameters include heart rate, PR-interval, QT-interval, ST-interval, P-wave and T-wave durations. The recorded ECG signal and its related parameters are transmitted over the Internet to the remote (physician) station. The developed system was tested using simulated ECG, web-based ECG, and physically acquired ECG using surface electrodes on a person. The ECG signal and its associated parameters observed at the remote (physician) station are the same as those at the local (patient) station.

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APPLICATION OF SIMULATED ANNEALING TO CLUSTERBOUNDARY SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR MACROCELL PLACEMENT OPTIMIZATION Mustahsan Mir Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Proceedings of International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering, pp. 896-899, Malaysia, May 2010 Macrocell placement optimization problem is a complex optimization problem that involves determining the optimal placement of macrocells on a 2-D plane such that a given objective function is minimized subject to some specified set of constraints. This paper presents a hybrid technique for macrocell placement optimization. The presented technique integrates the probabilistic hill-climbing feature of simulated annealing with the (deterministic) cluster-boundary search algorithm in order to minimize the likelihood of local optimal solutions. It optimizes the placement as well as orientation of macrocells and produces overlap-free designs satisfying constraints on interconnect length bounds. The technique is computationally efficient and can generate high-quality solutions for large-sized placement problems. Test results for placement optimization problems involving up to 100 macrocells are presented and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the presented hybrid technique.

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A HIGH CAPACITY DIGITAL WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE FOR THE AUTHENTICATION OF COLOUR IMAGES A. Al-Gindy, H. Al-Ahmad, R. Qahwaj and A. Tawfik Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 9th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, AUST, Ajman UAE, December 2009 This paper deals with colour image authentication technique using a high capacity watermarking algorithm. The watermark is embedded into the green channel of the host image by modifying the very low frequency coefficients of the DCT transformation. The new algorithm can embed watermarking information in up to 25% of the host image size. The new technique can resist classical attacks such as JPEG compression, low pass filtering, median filtering, cropping, and scaling attacks. Moreover, the recovery method is blind since it does not need the original host image for extraction.

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SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A SMART TWO DIRECTIONAL MOSFET MAGNETIC SENSOR Ali Abou-Elnur, Esam Yousri, Osama Abo Elnor and Mohamed Marzouq Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Proc. of Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7648 76480F1-8, 2010 Characteristics of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) magnetic sensors have been investigated using a two-dimensional physical simulator which accurately couples the magnetic field equation and the carrier transport equations. The effects of the device geometric parameters, the bias conditions, and the magnetic field on the relative sensitivity of a split drain magnetic sensors are accurately determined. The MOSFET magnetic sensor capability is further enhanced by suggesting an integrated smart structure which is able to fully detect the magnetic field variations in two-directions. The current deflection and relative sensitivity for the suggested magnetic sensor under different operating conditions are finally investigated with the present efficient physical simulator.

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AUTOMATED WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUALS REQUIRING CONTINUOUS REMOTE CARE M. Osman, M. Nasor and A. Imran Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network 14th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), Singapore, 1-6 Aug. 2010. IFMBE Proc. 31; 1421-1423; 2010 This paper presents an automated wireless system for individuals requiring continuous remote care. The system is based on microcontrollers consisting of two main units – Patient’s Unit (PU) and Hospital Unit (HU). PU comprised of a microcontroller, a dual tune multifrequency encoder/decoder (DTMF) and a mobile phone. HU is a microcontroller based storage system connected to a telephone network. PU acquired and analyzed real-time data from the devices and performed three main functions interfaced with mobile pones: Interactive communication of patient’s vital signs and remote control of the devices; reporting of any abnormality; regular data transfer for remote storage. For device testing, PU in the present study acquired simulated patient’s body temperature (BT), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). All the mentioned functions of the system were tested successfully with password verification. Values for BT, BP and HR were obtained from the system interactively over mobile phone. To test remote control of the devices, a fan was switched on/off by giving instructions over phone. An increase in temperature of a sensor above a fixed value (38oF in this case) resulted in automatic call from the system to a pre-set phone for reporting. PU also transferred data through HU automatically every 4 hours.

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EFFECTS OF SURGICAL PLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY EVALUATED WITH A PLANAR MATHEMATICAL MODEL Ahmed Imran Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 6th World Congress on Biomechanics. Singapore, 1-6 Aug. 2010. IFMBE Proc. 31; 616-619; 2010. Modern technology with new approaches in knee replacement surgery has the potential to improve recovery and influence functional outcome. However, such techniques can be technically demanding with the possibility of less satisfactory results. Hence, there is a need to investigate the effects of such techniques on the resulting joint mechanics. This study analyzes the effects of component placement on mechanics of the replaced knee.

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ALGIERS AND ITS WATER FRONT: HISTORY, SPACE AND CULTURE Bouzid Boudiaf Department of Architectural Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 4Th Ajman Urban Planning Conference: Waterfront: New Trends in Urbanism and Architecture 29th–31st March 2010 –AJMAN, U.A.E. Waterfront urban composition and architectural languages have great impacts on the awareness of the public on the metamorphoses of the city from a tiny medina to a big city. The transformation of urban waterfronts often plays a major role in ongoing efforts to revitalize town and city centers to economic and social health. One of the objectives from this paper is to highlight the impact of the waterfront on the development of the different Master Plans of the City of Algiers from 1937 to 2007. The contribution of the waterfront on the aesthetic and recreational quality of urban places, and hence to the quality of city life will be discussed through the following projects: - Marina District in 1930’s by Le Corbusier; - Diplomatic District in 1970’s by Oscar Niemeyer; - Commercial Pole in 1980’s by Bouygues and Marubeni; - Business Centre in 1980’s by OFARES; - EEMAR projects in 2000’s. The paper will be concluded by suggesting some recommendations that might be taken for the revitalization of Ajman.

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FROM THE SUSTAINABLE CULTURE TO THE CULTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY Bouzid Boudiaf, Bassim Salah and Sahar Makky Department of Architectural Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The First International Conference for Urban Heritage in Islamic Countries, 23rd-28th May 2010; RIYADH; KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Most of the Arab Countries and particularly the Gulf Countries have been through an extraordinary and an unexpected urban development. This urban development was done on the detriment of the old cities and towns to such an extent that it was threatening the urban heritage of some cities, even more the identity of the community. The main objective of this paper is to reconsider the urban development of contemporary cities in UAE, from the ecological and cultural point of views with the preoccupation to achieve a more sustainable environment. This reconsideration opens doors to review the urban and architectural design practices. Findings, outcomes, and recommendations of the present study can be used by urban designers, architects, students and decision makers as a guideline to help sustain culture and genuinely preserve heritage in cities of the Gulf Region. The theme of researching in this paper is set to handle the following topics: - Comparative analysis of some old cities (at the macro and micro levels) in the Arab World in terms or urban structure, enclosure, compactness and building material. - The metamorphose of some traditional buildings in the U.A.E - Analytical samples demonstrating, how to achieve a sustainable environment and how they participate in the structure of the city to insure the cultural continuity in terms of urban fabric.

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ASSESSMENT TOOLS: MATHEMATICAL FACTORIAL AND ADJACENCY DISTRIBUTION THEORY FOR HOUSING TYPOLOGY IN GAZA CITY Emad S.Mushtaha, Mohammad Arar and Faisal Hamid Department of Architectural Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Archnet-IJAR, International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 4 - Issue 1 - March 2010 - (149/157) There are few attempts to study the vernacular architecture in Gaza based on indoor space distribution. No attempts, so far, has been made to analyze Gazan indoor housing spaces from the perspective of adjacency distribution. This study aims to provide specialists with future design that meets the demand and requirement of Gazan people. A survey conducted in 2005 by the main author on some semidetached houses built by people themselves to fit with their culture and climate revealed that majority of these houses were categorized into two common types: type one: ”Corridor-Type Plan” and type two: “Hall-Type Plan”. To select the most flexible type that could be used in future housing development, evaluations and social analyses were carried out using the theory of Adjacency Distribution and part of the Space Syntax. As a result, the outcome of the analysis has shown that the number of alternatives of space distribution in the type one is greater than those of type two as the ratio between these types is 30 to 4 types consequently.

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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF USING ELEARNING SYSTEM IN ARCHITECTURAL CURRICULUM AJMAN UNIVERSITY AS A CASE STUDY Mona Salameh and Emad S. Mushtaha Department of Architectural Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 15th-17th of November 2010, (Madrid-Spain), Abstarct No.:171 Due to the fast development of progress in technology, especially in the last twenty five years, the Engineering Colleges including the Architectural Departments have faced many challenges in how to provide the student with well established technological and scientific knowledge that makes interaction between instructors and students valuable, easy, and fast. The situation in Architectural Departments is different from others as its courses are more oriented to practical works, which first express the physical sketches manually, and last it in computer. The challenge here is how to convert these sketches of architectural design works into digital world so that the work can be read and commented by instructors directly from the early stages. Herein, some techniques are proposed to help solve this issue meanwhile the perception and acceptance of the students to such proposal was investigated by conducting a survey among the architectural students of Ajman University. The result showed that most of senior students found the idea of using the E-Learning in all architectural coursers useful and valuable because of their advanced skills in computer. It is recommended to prepare and encourage all architectural students including juniors to be more exposed to technology and digital world. The technological interface enhances educational environments and keeps students connected 24-hrs with their instructors.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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NATURAL LIGHTING, AS MAIN SUSTAINABLE/GREEN LIGHT DESIGN SOURCE IN INTERIOR DESIGN Naglaa Sami A. Mahmoud Department of Interior Design College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network 2010 International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations (ICEBO 2010)Kuwait, 6-8 October, 2010 The term sustainable design describe design with concern for the impact of designed environment on the sustainability (and often, renew ability) of the resources they consume or minimization of their use. The term green, with its relationship to natural growth, has caught on the most popular designation of these matters. This are use to identify a group of concerns that have to do with ecology and with the impact of human activities on the natural environment. How often interior designers applies environmentally sustainable interior design to the project; itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s depend on his knowledge in this field. Information should include health and users comfort. Interior Designers are involved in many decisions that can exhibit a surprising level of involvement in environmental behavior. Some of them are quite obvious, but others may seem insignificant until given careful considerations. To design with natural lighting properly, integration of design is essential. Good lighting becomes a matter of having the right amount of light in the right place. This involves light levels; distribution of the light, glare control, brightness perception and the appearance of the interior space includes color materials and reflection of light on them. Thus the users of spaces should be adequately informed about the changes in behaviors expected from them; energy consumption in practice may be disappointed compared with the features added to obtain maximum advantage from natural lighting. Energy management are mainly used for electrical lighting, but for natural lighting we need to explain their

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

AUST Network - RIT Council

elements and their alternatively, so interior insert them in their projects, as best uses of specially in our middle-east countries, where resources are present in large amount all percentage of the year.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

designers could natural lighting, natural lighting over the high

AUST Network - RIT Council

THE IDENTITY OF OPERATIVE ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES Michael Schwarz Department of Architectural Engineering College of Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network WOCMES â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Panel: Urban Spaces of Identity, Barcelona, Spain, 16 July 2010 The development of Dubai in the last 15 years was subject to a process of separation, in which Dubai tried to be in contrast to its environment and other metropolitan cities. To reach this goal many things had been tried, but which could not be found or recruited in the own country. This results in a conglomerate of ideas and projects, implemented by other cultures, which are less interested in the development of a city, but to participate in the wealthiness of this country. Economical, short-termed goals, prevented healthy development. Rather the goal was to create a mega resort and to apprehend the city as a theme park. Due to the constantly growing speed in which structures change, the possibilities of worldwide digital connections within seconds, the relationships of global acting companies and the existing of a worldwide flexibility, there is a chance that cities like Dubai maybe do not exist in in 50 years anymore. The actors are then active in other countries, perhaps in Khartoum or Lagos. This is very interesting, cause in this case they are adapting the behavior of the Nomads as they moved some years ago, before cities like Dubai or Abu Dhabi arrised. The new artificial cities which will follow the example of Dubai are in this case not necessary anymore, they are then outdated. The world gets public space, the old and traditional cities defines its public spaces. The situation Dubai changes into the station Dubai. Tools of urban planing work in the emirates just partly. This has to do with the artificial, and on many levels inhomogenious structures. In this urban laboratory compactness, a mix of use, urban density and public space just occurs only conditionally.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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This Artificiality is overlaid by digital networks which serve as communicator (facebook), or which replace Neighbourhood (virtual shopping) In Dubai, the central term of the architectural discussion of the 20th century, the “functionalism of the modernity”, has no meaning at all. Instead, there is a chance in Dubai to develop a second, or better a fourth or fifth “modernity”. A urban planing, which adapts the local conditions and creates a city in a constant change. The prospective Dubai will be a city, which will be characterized by the protection of natural resources, which will have a direct and determinant influence on the development of the society and the appearance of the city and its architecture. The ruling class will rethink its strategies and will accommodate the climatic conditions: away from the artificial development of marketingand product-orientated strategies as a tool of urban planning, towards a contentual involvement of site-specific challenges, which result from natural conditions of the place and the integration into a global context against the background of cultural input. A future model is thinkable, which accepts the existing circumstances and facts and conceives them only as partly manipulable. The further planning of the city could be developed on abstract prototypes, which are based on the function of rules and interaction of mathematical models, to create a generic architecture and city, which rests upon a system of the abstraction of common, existing characteristics and features respectively to focus on similarities. Those will be interwoven with each other to create different programmatic standards and to achieve self-organization. To reach this goal we work with several guidelines which are related to the science of System-Biology and Quantum-Physics. We analyze and observe so called “reactants” from the field of politics, society, culture, tradition and economy, within starting points of different kind. This should enable us to describe all activities, from the smallest active or inactive unit, up to the entire organism of the city.

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6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

AUST Network - RIT Council

College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

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6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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PROGNOSTIC INDICES FOR HOSPITAL MORTALITY AMONG LIBYAN DIABETIC PATIENTS AR Abduelkarem1, HJ El-Shareif2 and SI Sharif3 1 Dept. of Clinical Pharmact, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, AUST Network, Ajman, UAE 2 Endocrine Dept., Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya 3 Dept. of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE Practical Diabetes International, 2010 Vol: 27, No. 9: 392-395 The pattern of diabetic deaths in medical wards of Tripoli Medical Centre was retrospectively studied. During a three year period, 575 diabetic deaths occurred, accounting for 26.1% of all medical deaths. Mean age at death was 65.33Âą12.7 years. Cardiovascular disease 183 (31.8%), cerebrovascular accidents 102 (17.7%) and Infection 83 (14.4%) were the most common complications associated with diabetic deaths. Other causes were malignancy (10%), liver cirrhosis 5.6%, and acute diabetic complications 5%. About 15% of deaths unaccountable for may be due to other unknown causes. Factors predictive of mortality, such as admission diagnosis of hyperosmolar non ketonic state, cerebrovascular disease, acute coronary syndromes or infection were associated with poor prognosis, were studied. Admission hyperglycemia, old age, renal dysfunction and prior stroke were also associated with poor admission outcome. The excess mortality, mainly due to atherosclerotic complications, is potentially preventable through implementation of serious approaches to the management of cardiovascular risk factors.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Eman Abu-Gharbieh1, Sahar Fahmy2, Bazigha Abdul Rasool1, Abduelmula Abduelkarem3 and Iman Basheti4 1 Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, UAE, 2 Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt, 3 College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, AUST Network, Ajman, UAE 4 Universoty of Applied Sciences, Amman, Jordan Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2010 Vol: 9, No. 5: 421-430 Purpose: To explore healthcare providers' (HCPs) and medical studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; attitudes to, and perceptions of the pharmaceutical services that clinical pharmacists can provide in United Arab Emirates. Methods: A total of 535 participants (265 HCPs and 270 medical students) were asked to complete a questionnaire over a period of three months (January through March 2009). Results: Almost three quarters of the students perceived that the clinical pharmacist is an important part of the healthcare team while 82% believed that clinical pharmacists can help improve the quality of medical care in hospitals. Eighty one percent of medical students expressed confidence in the ability of clinical pharmacists to minimize medication errors. Although slightly more than half of the respondents (53%) reported that they did not have clinical pharmacy services in their institutions, there was substantial willingness among physicians and nurses to cooperate with clinical pharmacists. The majority of physicians (92%) and nurses (87%) expressed the view that the clinical pharmacist is an important integral part of the healthcare team. Conclusion: The HCPs and medical students in the study setting valued the role of clinical pharmacists in healthcare delivery.

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However, new developments in pharmacy services in the UAE hospital setting is recommended for adoption in hospitals.

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PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF SELECTED AGENTS AT GENERAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT, TRIPOLI CENTRAL HOSPITAL, LIBYA Abduelmula R Abduelkarem1, Amar M Hamrouni2, Nesrin S Ghnan3, Insherah M. Ben Zekri3 and Minar Dada3 1 Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, AUST Network 2 Dept. of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Tripoli, Libya 3 Practice graduate pharmacists International Journal of Excellence in Health Care, 2010 Vol: 3, No. 1: 1-13 Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gauge prescribing trends for selected antihypertensive, lipid lowering, and glycaemic control agents in the general medicine department at Tripoli Central Hospital, Libya. Method: Patients demographic data along with name and strength of all drugs recorded in their files were collected over a period of 6 months (the study period). The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification/Defined Daily Dose system was used with data presented as DDD/100 bed-days for each drug included in the study. Results: A total of 1687 patients were admitted to the general medicine department. Of the 824 patients included in the study, nondiabetic patients accounted for 395 (48%) and the diabetics accounted for 429 (52%). The mean age of the patients included in the study was 60Âą14 years. A total of 765, 37 and 115 DDD per 100 bed days of antihypertensive agents, anti-diabetic agents and lipid lowering agents were supplied respectively throughout the study period. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers were the most frequently supplied antihypertensive drugs with maximum number of DDD being 55 and 27 respectively. Glibenclamide with DDD of 7 and simvastatin with maximum DDD of 15 were the main antidiabetic and lipid lowering agents supplied to the patients included in the study.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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Conclusion: The DDD as a unit of measurement was helpful in monitoring drug supply over time in one medical centre. The absence of any local guideline or effective regulation on prescribing behavior of clinicians should also be noticed here. The current prescribing pattern reflects the mixed effect of preferences of physicians or supply constraints.

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A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES PRIVATE HOSPITALS Muaed Jamal Alomar and Claire Caroline Strauch College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, AUST Network American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 5 (2): 89-94, 2010 Problem statement: Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for heart and cardiovascular diseases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of antihypertensive medications in UAE private hospitals is important. The importance arises because of the high prevalence of hypertension in this multicultural region. This study evaluated the use of antihypertensive medications among patients suffering from hypertension alone or with other medical conditions. Approach: A prospective observational study was conducted using 400 hypertensive inpatients randomly selected from private hospitals to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antihypertensive medications in UAE. Patients were diagnosed to have hypertension with or without other medical conditions and both males and females were included in the study. The study included all nationalities that live in the UAE. All data were collected either from patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s files, interviewing physicians, nurses or by interviewing the patients during the period of admission. Results: Analysis of the 400 patients revealed that most of them were male (87.5%), Arabs (45%), Indians and Pakistan (37.5%) and Asians (10%). A correlation exists between certain factors and the prevalence of hypertension like nationality, age, gender and occupation. Family history of hypertension is important to determine the genetic inheritance of hypertension, 82% of hypertensive patients with or without other medical conditions had a family history of hypertension (23% of them had fathers suffering from hypertension, 23% had mothers with hypertension and 36.4% having both parents with hypertension.

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There was no statistical significant difference in DBP between female and male patients (mean DBP; 79 Vs 82.9 mmHg respectively, p = 0.076), but there was a difference in the mean SBP between females and males (mean SBP 149 Vs 138 mmHg respectively, p-value = 0.044). The reported adverse drug reactions during the study were headache, dizziness and peripheral edema, shortness of breath, nausea, gastrointestinal tract problems and muscle cramps. Conclusion: Many factors contribute to the increase in blood pressure; family history and life style were considered the most important factors. Combination therapy appeared to be associated with high rate of adverse drug reactions; enough to warrant either decreasing the number of medications or changing the medication. More effort from all medical professionals and patients was needed in order to minimize the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in the UAE.

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ASSESSMENT BREAST CANCER KNOWLEDGE AMONG FEMALE TEACHERS IN AJMAN SCHOOLS A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Noor Arrabi, Marwa Bahaa and Yaseen Al Hariri College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 Background:Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in both the developed and the developing world. In UAE, breast cancer incidence rate is 50-60 cases per 100,000 population. The most pragmatic solution to early detection lies in breast cancer education of women.The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of educated females (teachers) in Ajman, UAE regarding breast cancer risk factors and screening practices. Method:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling in governmental female schools in Ajman, UAE. The female teachers in these schools were surveyed from the end of March to the mid of April, 2009. At the end of the study period a total of 146 female teachers were surveyed. Any teacher with a past or current history of breast cancer was excluded from the study because her knowledge level could have been influenced due to her experience and interaction with health care provider. Results:The response rate was 73%. The mean total score was 11.3 (±2.6) out of 19. Participants with high knowledge Practiced breast self examination (BSE) more frequently than those with lower knowledge (P=0.000). Family history had statically significant effect on the level of knowledge 11.48 (±2.2), 11.29 (±2.5) P= 0.000, but not on practicing BSE, P=0.534. Those participants who were encouraged by the doctor to perform BSE were more knowledgeable (11.36, ±2.4), 11.30 (±2.4) P=0.000 and their BSE rate was higher (33.5 %, 16.4%) (p=0.000). Conclusion:This study revealed that despite the participants are relatively well educated, they displayed knowledge and screening practices deficits. Educational efforts

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should be designed to influence variables related to compliance with early breast cancer detecting behaviors.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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MIGRAINE HEADACHE: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ASTROCYTES CONNECTION Husnia. I. Marrif1,2, Naser. A. Al-wabel2, Azza. A. Tlt2 and Bernhard HJ Juurlink2 1 College of Pharmacy and Health sciences, AUST Network 2 College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia Migraine headache is chronic agonizing pain. Although many therapeutic strategies and agents are available to treat headache, the underlying etiology of migraine headache is not fully understood. The evidence suggests that migraine pain is due to increased activation of the trigeminal nociceptive system. This is likely due to decreased inhibition of the trigeminal nociceptive system by the serotonergic raphe nuclei neurons. Many studies are in support of the hypothesis that activation of pathways descending from the cerebral cortex to the raphe nuclei are responsible for the inhibition of the inhibitory pathway from the raphe nuclei serotonergic neurons to the trigeminal nucleus. The cortical pathway to the raphe nuclei is activated by increased excitation of the cerebral cortex that is associated with the development of spreading depression waves. Many factors influence the excitatory to inhibitory balance of the cortex, including astrocyte functional status. The classical view that migraine is primarily a vascular problem can be congruent with the current view that migraine is primarily a CNS problem since astrocyte functional status can greatly influence the excitability of neurons. Astrocytes in turn can influence CNS blood flow while CNS arterioles may influence astrocyte function.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL SUBSTITUTED AND UNSUBSTITUTED N-(BENZOYLPHENYL)-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES AS POTENT ANTIHYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC AGENTS Moyad Shahwan1, Ghassan Shattat2, Tariq Al-Qirim2, Ghassan Abu Sheikha2, Yusuf Al-Hiari2, Waseem ElHuneidi2, Anan Jarab2 and Manal Al-Najdawi2 1 College of Pharmacy and Health sciences, AUST Network 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University, Amman, Jordan Z Naturforsch C. ;65 (5-6):309-16, 2010 The N-(benzoylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 1-6 were synthesized, and the lipid-lowering effects of two of these novel compounds were studied using hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model. Treatment of ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate with aminobenzophenones in the presence of sodium ethoxide and DMF, followed by purification using column chromatography, gave the target compounds in good yields. The tested animals were divided into control, hyperlipidemic, compounds 2-, 3- and bezafibrate-treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 2, 3 and bezafibrate significantly reduced the elevated plasma triglyceride levels after 7 and 24 h. Furthermore, the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in all treated groups after 7 and 24 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only compounds 2- and 3-treated groups obviously showed a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 24 h. It is therefore reasonable to assume that 2 and 3 may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.

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COSMETICS: USES AND SAFETY Mona Ibrahim, Doaa Mahmoud, Layal I. Haddad, Hiba Salah and Yasser Shabrawy College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 Cosmetics shall mean any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital system) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to clean, perfume changing their appearance and/or correcting body odors and/or protecting them or keeping them in a good condition. Cosmetics not only include make-up as most of people think, but it include so many applications as cosmetics can be categorized to: - Hair care products such as (shampoo, conditioner, gel, cream, mask, spray, oil, henna/dye and serum). - Body care products such as (massage oil, lotion, scrub, sun block, shower gel, cream, powder). - Face care products such as (oil, balm, cream, soap, scrub, toner, face wash, cleansing milk, gel, blusher, foundation, whitening cream and anti-wrinkles applications). - Hand care products (sanitizer, cream scrub, henna) - Lip care products (gloss, stick, moisturizer, plumber, definer) - Eye care products (eyeshadow, eyeliner mascara, pencil, kajal) - Nail care products (polish, strengther, liquors, color, and sculpting gel) - Oral care products (toothpaste, mouthwash) - Genital wash applications.

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There is no doubt that all of us use at least one of the above items every day so we can call it everyday use products, but most of us do not know that there are 1001 chemicals in these everyday products so we must be sure of the safety of these products as they are strongly health related and may cause a lot of harmful effect if they are not safe, for example some of them may contain high level of toxic metals such as lead and arsenic which may be found in many creams, also some may contain carcinogenic ingredients. And so we must be aware to be safe. Because of all of the above, this study will be done to give a spot of light on these cosmetics and how to evaluate a cosmetic product and ensure that it is safe or not and this must be built on a scientific basis by studying all the aspects.

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STEM CELLS BETWEEN ETHICS AND SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY Douna Nekoula Rahwan and Nasrin Samir Majbour and Yasser El-Shabrawy College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 Stem cell researches holds for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions. However, there is a lot of work still needed to take this research and turn it into safe and effective. Stem cell therapies are nearly all new and experimental. In these early stages, they may not work, and there may be downsides. Stem cells are defined by two properties. First, they can ‘selfrenew,’ that is they can divide and give rise to more stem cells of the same kind (unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division). Second, they can mature or ‘differentiate’ into specialized cells that carry out a specific function, such as in the skin, muscle, or blood. A stem cell therapy is a treatment that uses stem cells, or cells that come from stem cells, to replace or to repair a patient’s cells or tissues that are damaged. The stem cells might be put into the blood, or transplanted into the damaged tissue directly, or even recruited from the patient’s own tissues for self-repair.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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RADIOTHERAPY AND RADIOISOTOPES Seba M. Khalid, Rana Ghazi and Yasser El-Shabrawy College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 When an element's atoms exist with different numbers of neutrons, an element's isotopes are appears. The stability of each atom's nucleus depends on the ratio of protons to neutrons. Many isotopes have a ratio of protons to neutrons that renders them unstable and, as a result, they are radioactive. Radioisotope: A version of a chemical element that has an unstable nucleus and emits radiation during its decay to a stable form. Or it is an unstable isotope of an atom with a short enough half-life to cause measurable amounts of radioactive particles to be emitted. Many of the chemical elements have a number of isotopes. The isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in their atoms (atomic number) but different masses due to different numbers of neutrons. Types of radioisotopes: â&#x20AC;˘ Natural: a number of unstable natural isotopes arising from the decay of primordial uranium and thorium. â&#x20AC;˘ Artificial: When a combination of neutrons and protons, which does not already exist in nature, is produced artificially, the atom will be unstable and is called a radioactive isotope or radioisotope.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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BOTOX® – AS AN ANTI-CHOLINERGIC IN IMPROVING PATIENT’S QUALITY OF LIFE Yousef Ahmed, Yasser Shabrawy and Nageeb Abdul Galil College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 Originally it was discovered in many accidental events of death due to bacterial poisoning. However, by distinguishing it's mechanism of action it was helpful to be applied primarily in cosmetology under the famous trade name : BOTOX®. Nowadays many trials based on the evidence of it's mechanism of action are applied to treat many neuromuscular diseases. So, in our research we found many trials as well as supporting opinions from the different specialized association and experts which prove the use of BOTOX® in Parkinson's disease. Since the tremors associated with P.D are due to the predominance of acetylcholine neurotransmitter which overcomes Dopamine level centrally and hence triggers the peripheral Neuromuscular junction to yield the tremors. BOTOX® acts by antagonizing the nicotinic receptors – as an anticholinergic- to reduce the symptoms of the disease and hence improves the patient's Quality of life.

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ZOONOSES Anas Abdulla Al-Sayed, Hazem Shukfa and Yasser Shabrawy College of Pharmacy and Health sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network DUPHAT, The Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, March 2010 A zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. Animals thus play an essential role in maintaining zoonotic infections in nature. Zoonoses may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic, or may involve unconventional agents. As well as being a public health problem, many of the major zoonotic diseases prevent the efficient production of food of animal origin and create obstacles to international trade in animal products.

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AUST Network - RIT Council

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

AUST Network - RIT Council

College of Information Technology

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RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY M. Ayman Al Ahmar College of Information Technology Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Vol. 19, No. 2, Pages 143-148, September 2010 Software development methodology is a formalized approach that is used to plan and manage the process of developing a software system. Since there are many software development methodologies, one of the challenges faced by software developers is to decide which methodology to apply in a software project. This paper presents the modeling and development of a prototype expert system that helps software project managers and software engineers in selecting the appropriate software development methodology. The developed system is successfully designed as rule based expert system supported with object oriented modeling. The user interaction with the system is based on a user-friendly graphical interface.

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TOWARDS A BLENDED-LEARNING APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF INTRODUCING AN E-LEARNING EXPERIENCE TO THE CONVENTIONAL LEARNING METHODS M. Nachouki, A. Dabbagh and A. Ankit College of Information Technology Ajman University of Science and Technology Network EDULEARN10: International Conference on Education and new Learning Technologies, (pp. 2350â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2357), Barcelona (Spain), July 2010 E-learning is the latest trend in education. Its success depends on the quality of its instructional design and the educational technology support provided to students and lecturers. In this regard, Ajman University of Science & Technology (AUST) has decided to improve its teaching methods by adopting Moodle as a Learning Management System (LMS) in its nine colleges. In 2006, the College of Information Technology was elected to pilot this project by introducing e-learning in some of its courses for use in addition to the traditional face-to-face teaching/learning methods. Since that time the e-learning experience has been extended across seven further colleges, and there are now more than 3,000 users on a daily basis; these users include lecturers who update course materials and students who study, review, and work on assignments as activities which are complementary to their physical attendance in the classroom. In this paper, we begin by enumerating the multiple services provided by the web-based learning environment as an integrated tool that is supplementary to traditional face-to-face methods. Then, an assessment of this instructional tool will be presented. Finally, a set of recommendations will be issued in an attempt to improve the limitations students and instructors face in the use of new learning techniques.

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A NEW PCA-BASED FACE AUTHENTICATION APPROACH FOR SMART CARD IMPLEMENTATION A. Sehad1, N. Bessah1, I. Touari1, Y. Benfattoum1, H. Khali2 and M. Cherit3 1 Ecole National Superieure d’Informatique, Oued Smar El-Harrach Alger, Algerie. 2 College of Information Technology, AUST Network, Ajman, UAE 3 Laboratoire d’Imagerie, de vision et d’intelligence Artificielle, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Canada. International Review on Computers and software (I.RE. CO. S.), Vol. 5, N. 4, July 2010 A New PCA-based face verification approach for smart cards implementation. In fact, our scheme deals with the reduced storage space of smart cards. First of all the DCT2 and then the self Eigen face, are respectively applied for the training step and in the decision step, a new similarity index based on the weighted distance by the representation quality of individuals is used. Experimental results, using AR face database, show a better recognition rate compared to popular distances such as Euclidian, Manhattan and mahalanobis.

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

AUST Network - RIT Council

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

AUST Network - RIT Council

College of Dentistry

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AUST Network - RIT Council

6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF NANOFILLED LIGHT-ACTIVATED COMPOSITES Ali A. Razooki Al- Shekhli and Isra’a A. Al- Aubi College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network J Pak Dent Assoc.2009; 18(4): 141-145 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the compressive strength of two nanofilled light-activated composites (Filtek Supreme XT & Premise) with six other conventional light-activated composites. Materials and methods: Eight types of dental restorative composites of A3 shade were used in this study: Filtek Supreme XT (3M Espe), Z100 Restorative (3M Espe), Filtek P60 (3M Espe), Filtek Z250 (3M Espe), Premise (Kerr), Point 4(Kerr), Herculite classic (Kerr), and Solitaire (Heraeus-Kulzer). Eight groups of specimens (n = 10) were prepared for compressive strength evaluation. Resin composite specimens were prepared by incremental (three increments) insertion of composite into a circular nickel-chromium split mold with 3 mm in inner diameter and 6 mm in height and cured using Blue phase C5 (Ivoclar, Vivadent) LCU for 40 seconds for each 2 mm increment of composite thickness. Specimens were placed into a dark bottle containing distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. Compressive test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). The data was calculated in MPa. Results: Data were submitted to ANOVA and Test t – Student (5%) and showed that, there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in compressive strength values between the eight composite groups. The results also showed that, the highest compressive strength values were found for the Solitaire composite followed by Z100, Premise, Point 4, Z250, P60, Herculite and Supreme XT which exhibited the lowest compressive strength values. Conclusion: 1- There was a direct relationship between composite compressive strength values and the amount of their filler loading by volume. 2- The compressive strength of 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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nanofilled resin composites is mainly influenced by their filler percentage in similar manner to conventional resin composites.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF CURE EVALUATION OF FOUR LIGHTACTIVATED COMPOSITES USING DIFFERENT CURING MODES Ali A. R. Al- Shekhli College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network J Bagh College Dentistry 2010; Vol 22(1):7-10, 2010 Background: The degree of polymerization of resin composites generally decreases from the surface of the restoration inwardly. Ideally, the degree of polymerization of the composite should be the same throughout its depth and the hardness ratio should be very close or equal to one and can be considered a good indicator for optimal composite polymerization. This study investigated the influence of different new curing modes on the effectiveness of cure of conventional light- activated composites to examine their efficacy in satisfying composite adequate polymerization (hardness ratio â&#x2030;Ľ 0.8). Materials and methods: This study investigated the hardness of the top/bottom surfaces and hardness ratio of two mm thick composite specimens after exposure to different curing modes. Parameters included six conventional curing modes: Control (C), Pulse Delay I (PDI), Pulse Delay II (PDII), Soft-start (SS), Pulse Cure I (PCI), and Pulse Cure II (PCII) plus three experimental curing modes of higher energy density: Prolonged low-intensity pulse cure mode (PLPC), Prolonged moderate-intensity pulse cure mode (PMPC) and Rapid high-intensity continues cure mode (RHCC) for each of the four different light-activated composites being tested (Tetric Ceram, Heliomolar, Herculite XRV and Degufill Mineral). Results: Results revealed that, there was a statistically significant difference for all the hardness ratios with the curing modes except the hardness ratio of Heliomolar composite where, there was an insignificant difference because, the mean hardness ratio of Heliomolar composite with the first six curing modes (control, PDI, PDII, SS, PCI, PCII) was not calculated

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because of poor polymerization of Heliomolar bottom surfaces with these six curing modes. Conclusion: This study concluded that, conventional curing modes had failed to cure Heliomolar and Degufill Mineral composites adequately while the experimental curing modes of high energy density (PLPL, PMPC and RHCC) had satisfied effectiveness of composite cure for all the composites being tested.

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INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS COMPOSITION ON THEIR DIAMETRAL TENSILE STRENGTH VALUES Ali A. Razooki Al-Shekhli and Israâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;a A. Al- Aubi College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of International Dental And Medical Research* Volume 2, No. 3, 2009, pp 67-70 Purpose: To evaluate and compare the diametral tensile strength (DTS) values of the newly introduced nanofilled composites with the conventional types. Methods: Eight types of dental restorative composites of A3 shade were selected in this study for (DTS) testing: Filtek Supreme XT (3M Espe), Z100 Restorative (3M Espe), Filtek P60 (3M Espe), Filtek Z250 (3M Espe), Premise (Kerr), Point 4(Kerr), Herculite classic (Kerr), and Solitaire (Heraeus-Kulzer). Eight groups of specimens (n = 10) were prepared for diametral tensile strength evaluation. Resin composite specimens were prepared by incremental (two increments) insertion of composite into a circular nickel-chromium split mold of 6 mm in inner diameter and 3 mm in height and cured for 40 seconds for each increment of composite thickness. Specimens were placed into a dark bottle containing distilled water at 37Â°C for 7 days. DTS tests were performed in a Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Results: The results showed that the highest DTS values were found for the Premise composite followed by Point 4, Herculite, Solitaire, Z250, Supreme XT, P60 and Z100 which exhibited the lowest DTS values. Conclusion: The composition of light activated composites is significantly influences their DTS values.

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IN-HOME BLEACHING EFFECT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES OF SOME DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS Ali A. Razooki Al- Shekhli College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of International Dental And Medical Research* Volume 2, No. 1, 2010, pp 15-18 Patients commonly have restorations in posterior teeth, made of resin-based composite, amalgam or glass ionomer or another material. Questions remain concerning the need for replacement of posterior restorations after bleaching. It's not clear if the bleaching agents exert some effect on the restorative materials that could harm the quality and longevity of these restorations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of in home bleaching material on the compressive strength of different direct restorative materials. Three types of direct restorative materials: (two types of light activated composites, TG fine glass (Technical & General Ltd, Germany); Cavex (Quadrant Universal LC, CE 0197; Germany)) and one type of amalgam restorative material; World-Cap (Ivoclar vivadent FL-9494 schaan/Liechtenstein, Sweden) were used in this study. Forty resin composite specimens and 20 amalgam specimens were prepared using a circular nickelchromium split mold with 3 mm in inner diameter and 6 mm in height. The twenty samples of each restorative material being selected were divided into 2 groups: ten tested before treatment with home bleaching tooth whitening system and the other ten, tested after treatment with home bleaching system (WHITE smile HOME BLEACHING, 35% carbamide peroxide, Germany) for 8 hours: (4X2 hours). Specimens were placed into a dark bottle containing distilled water at 37째C for 7 days before testing procedure. Compressive testing was performed in a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data *

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was calculated in MPa and data were analyzed by one way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. All direct restorative materials being tested, exhibited statistically insignificant differences (Pâ&#x2030;Ľ0.05) in compressive strength values between the two groups (before and after bleaching) except for TG direct restorative composite, which exhibited statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in compressive strength values between the two groups (before and after bleaching). All the restorative materials being tested exhibited lower compressive strength values after bleaching in comparison with their values before bleaching. In-Home bleaching material should not be used when TG light activated composite restorations.

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MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS V NANOFILLED COMPOSITE COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL HYBRID AND FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS; AN IN VITRO STUDY Ali Abdulwahab Al-Razooki and Mohammad Mustahsen Ur Rehman College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal Vol 30, No. 1, (June 2010) Microleakage in class V restorations (in enamel and cementum), restored with a nanofilled composite was compared to a traditional hybrid resin and flowable composite. Thirty class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 15 human premolar teeth, with occlusal and gingival margins at the enamel and cementum/dentin levels, respectively. Specimens were divided into 3 groups with 10 samples of each. Group 1: filled with Cavex composite, Group 2: filled with Premise composite and Group 3: filled with Synergy Flow composite. After being stored in distilled water and finished, the teeth were thermocycled, immersed in a buffered 2% aqueous solution of methylene blue for 2 hours and then embedded in clear resin. They were sectioned and the depth of tracer penetration was measured with periodontal probe and magnifying lens. The results were analyzed using one way ANOV A at the 0.05 level of significance. All the composite materials showed statistically insignificant differences in occlusal dye penetration (P>0.05) and significant differences in gingival dye penetration (P<0.05) and exhibited little or no occlusal leakage. None of the composites completely sealed the tooth/restoration interface at gingival margins and the nanofilled composite being tested exhibited the highest gingival leakage.

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INFLUENCE OF CANCELLOUS BONE RIGIDITY ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN BONE AROUND DENTAL IMPLANT: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY Hasanen H. Al-Khafagy College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network J Int Dent Med Res 2010; 3: (1), pp. 11-14 Using the finite element method (FEM), this study sought to investigate how the Youngâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s modulus of cancellous jaw bones influenced stress distribution in bone surrounding a dental implant. Six models of bone with osseointegrated dental implant, with different modulus of elasticity values of cancellous bone, were used. The stress values of the six models loaded with vertical force were analyzed. The results have shown that the cancellous bone rigidity has a great effect on the stress distribution. Highly rigid cancellous bone results in even stress distribution and reduction in maximum equivalent stress. The influence of bone rigidity may extend even to cortical bone.

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BONDING RESIN COMPOSITE TO ETCHABLE AND NONETCHABLE CERAMIC RESTORATIONS Abdul-Haq A. Suliman College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 5th World Conference of the International Iraqi Medical Association, 1-3 April 2010, Sharjah, UAE Dental materials and adhesive interfaces are subject to stress in the hostile conditions of the mouth: saliva, masticatory forces, temperature changes, and pH changes. In general, conditioning of dental material surface is the treatment by which the critical surface energy will be increased. Many of the dental ceramics are based on silicon dioxide (silica, SiO2) that has different crystalline or amorphous forms, depending on the temperature. Silica has a very high melting point. Addition of certain metal oxides, e.g. NaO2, CaO, MgO, B2O3 change the glass transition temperature and melting point dramatically. Recently numerous new dental ceramic materials have been introduced, like high-aluminium trioxide (alumina) ceramics, leucite reinforced feldspathic ceramics, castable glassceramics, and novel machining and CAD/CAM ceramic systems. It must be emphasized that modern non-etchable ceramics (zirconia and alumina), because of their structures, create many problems in obtaining strong and durable bonds with dental tissues. Two approaches are possible in dentistry: pure chemical and physico-chemical conditioning. For many years, silane has been used to bond to silica ceramics etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF), that is washed off the surface, are considered as conditioner. The use of a particular surface priming technique may also introduce micromechanical features into the substrate, e.g. acid etching of soluble ceramics. Then, Silane coupling agents, hybrid inorganicâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;organic compounds bond dissimilar materials, organic and inorganic (composite and etchable ceramic), together. Recently, clinicians have been confused about the use of silane on the newer, nonetchable ceramics such

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as alumina and zirconia. On such ceramics, silane does not yield a stable bond. In an attempt to eliminate confusion and create a more â&#x20AC;&#x153;universalâ&#x20AC;? bonding protocol, the Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray) was developed to bond resin to both HF-etchable silica-based ceramics and other nonetchable ceramics, such as alumina and zirconia. Indications of silanization for ceramics are: bonding of indirectly made restorations with resin cements and repair of fractured ceramic structures. Ceramic fractures are costly and serious problems in dentistry and they pose a functional and aesthetic dilemma which has created a demand for practical repair systems. This is why this presentation aims at explaining the clinical procedure of using silane-aided bonding in etchable and nonetchable ceramic systems.

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NEW TRENDS IN ADHESION AND RESIN COMPOSITE Abdul-Haq A. Suliman College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The 3rd Scientific Conference of the Syrian Dental Association â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Aleppo, Syria; 28-30 April 2010 The practice of dentistry has benefited from new technologies, the development of adhesive restorative materials, and more comprehensive knowledge of cariology. New Products are always produced and made available for dentists such as bonding agents, composite resins and curing lights. As a result there are potential effects on adhesive dentistry such as promotion of tooth structure conservation, reinforcement of weakened tooth, reduction of microleakage, reduction of marginal staining and reduction of postoperative sensitivity. This study will shed some light on the new trends in these materials and to clarify the advantages and disadvantages for the practicing dentists in order to give the best possible treatments to the public. A emphasis will be give on the optimal properties on resin composite and the dentin bonding agents in order to select the best one for the benefits of the patients. Recent restorative treatment such, bonded restorations, sealants, and use of adhesive restorative materials highlight the paradigm shift to the medical model of caries management, compared to the surgical model of GV Black era.

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MINIMIZING THE INJURY OF INFERIOR DENTAL NERVE DURING REMOVAL OF LOWER THIRD MOLAR: SYSTEMATIC APPROACH Kamis Gaballah College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Libyan Dental Journal, 1: 21-24: July:2010 Worldwide, the presence of impacted third molar is often associated with significant morbidities that may range from soreness, pain, swelling, inability to open mouth widely & chew properly & impairment of the health of adjacent teeth to more serious complication like neck infection & emergence of certain pathologies like cysts & tumors. This wide range of clinical problem made the surgical removal of these teeth are the commonest oral surgical procedure. This procedure is associated with significant morbidity including pain & swelling, together with the possibility of temporary or permanent nerve damage, resulting in altered sensation of lip or tongue. This minireview will shed some light on the systematic approach may be considered to prevent or minimize the damage to the inferior dental nerve during such surgeries.

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CLINICAL ASSESSMENT METHODS IN UNDERGRADUATE DENTISTRY: LESSONS FROM THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE Kamis Y Gaballah College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The Fifth Libyan Dental Conference, Tripoli, Libya, 21-24 July,2010 Teaching and learning are: In order for educator to be effective teacher they should know how their candidates learn. Both teaching and learning processes should evaluated and continuously verified. Assessment tools are the key means of the later process. In this presentation, the speaker will shed some light on the current assessment methods employed in clinical dentistry with special emphasis of his experience as a clinical Lecturer and course coordinator at the University of London.

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DIFFUSE INFLAMMATORY FACIAL SWELLING SECONDARY TO LOCAL ANESTHETIC INJECTIONS IN PATIENT WITH POLYALKYLIMIDE GEL USED FOR CHEEK AUGMENTATION Kamis Gaballah and AbdulRahman Saleh College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The British Association of Academic Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Cardiff, UK, 10-12 Nov. 2010 Nowadays the uses of cosmetic fillers have increased dramatically including those placed in the facial region. Although commercial advertisements claim that injectable fillers are biologically inert and poses no significant health risks. We report a patient with bilateral check augmentation using Polyalkylimide gel fillers presented with recurrent episodes of facial swelling following routine dental treatment. The clinical scenario presented here highlighted the significance of the interference of the facial gel fillers with the routine dental treatment.

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ORAL HEALTH CONDITION AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF A GROUP OF UAE CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME Mohamed A Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2010, 2(2):62-71 Objectives: Several studies have described the oral health condition and treatment needs of individuals with Down syndrome (DS), but there are no reports about DS patients in UAE. This study was conducted to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs in these patients. Methods: Sixty children with DS attending Sharjah School for Humanitarian Service (SSHS) were selected for the study. In the evaluation, the children were compared with a normal non-DS control group selected from children attending college of dentistry Ajman University dental clinics and matched for age and sex. Clinical assessment included extraoral and intraoral examination, measurement of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (DMFT) for permanent dentition and (dmft) for primary dentition, while periodontal evaluation included recording of oral hygiene status, plaque index (P1), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Periodontal and gingival health status was recorded according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). DS children were also examined for malocclusion, dental hypoplasia, crowding, and missing teeth. Results: Compared with normal controls, children with DS had mean number of DMFT almost twice as high as that in the parallel healthy controls (13.2 Âą 0.84 vs. 7.4 Âą 3.94). More of the DS children showed poor oral hygiene. The assessment of the periodontal treatment needs of the DS children revealed that only 10% of the children had healthy gingiva compared with 38.3% of healthy controls. Significantly high proportion of DS patients (p < 0.05) require complex periodontal treatment. DS patients have shown a significantly higher proportion of

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malocclusion (p < 0.01), compared with non-DS subjects. Conclusion: Individuals with DS in UAE have poor oral health and an increased occurrence of periodontal disease and dental caries compared with otherwise normal, age-matched control groups. Preventive, restorative and periodontal treatment needs are unmet in DS children. These findings reinforce the importance of promoting the integration of the dental specialists to the interdisciplinary team that provides healthcare for this group of children.

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TOBACCO SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AS RISK FACTORS FOR SITE-SPECIFIC INTRAORAL EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA Mohamed Abdullah Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry (2010), 1, 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;7 Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of tobacco and alcohol as possible risk factors for oral epithelial dysplasia in the various oral subsites. Methods: Data were gathered from 630 patients with oral epithelial dysplasia between 1997 and 2007. Odds ratios for oral epithelial dysplasia at various oral subsites were estimated using multiple logistic regression for each level of exposure of interest. Results: The results showed that in males, oral epithelial dysplasia of the labial mucosa and floor of the mouth were strongly associated with tobacco smoking. In females, oral epithelial dysplasia of the floor of the mouth and tongue were the sites associated with tobacco smoking. Alcohol was not a significant determinant of the sites of oral epithelial dysplasia in either sex. Conclusion: Tobacco smoking has a significant role in determining the oral epithelial dysplasia subsites, but alcohol consumption is not a risk factor for oral epithelial dysplasia sites.

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THE PATTERN OF OCCURRENCE OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN LIBYA M. A. Jaber and Salem H. A. Abu Fanas College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2010, 2(3): 106-11 The objective of this study is to describe aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a cohort of hospital patients in Libya. The patterns of clinical presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 122 Libyan patients from 1979-2004 were retrospectively analysed. Men were affected more often than women with the average age at presentation 53 years. Just over half the patients had symptoms for more than six months prior to presentation. The tongue and floor of the mouth were the most commonly affected sites. In 30.3% of patients the OSCC presented as an ulcer, in 20.4% as a swelling, and in 19% as a white patch. The majority of the patients had stage III or IV disease when first examined. Nearly 80% of the patients were tobacco smokers. It was concluded that the pattern of clinical occurrence of OSCC in Libya was similar to previous reports from Western Europe and Asia. The results of the present study highlight the need for an appropriate strategy to prevent OSCC and reduce delays in the diagnosis and treatment of such disease in Libya.

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DENTAL PRACTITIONERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S KNOWLEDGE, OPINIONS AND METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF ORAL PREMALIGNANCY AND MALIGNANCY Mohamed Abdullah Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The Saudi Dental Journal, 2010, 10:107-12 Objectives: The present study outlines the results of a pilot study to determine the knowledge and awareness of a cohort of dentists in United Arab Emirates (UAE) regarding aetiology, clinical features and appropriate early management of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Materials and methods: A self-administered questionnaire was constructed and posted to 300 UAE Dental Practitoners (DPs), selected randomly from the register of Emirates Dental Association. The present report details the responses of this cohort. Results: 182 questionnaires were completed and returned (response rate 60.6%). One hundred and twenty-seven (69.8%) of the responding dentists were male and the median age of the DPs was 40 years (range 24â&#x20AC;&#x201C;75 years). The majority (84%) practised or had practised in or around Dubai and Sharjah, 75% had graduated from a dental school after 1980. Eighty-two respondents (45.0%) had attended specific courses on premalignant or malignant oral lesions. During their undergraduate training 70% of DPs had witnessed more than 10 patients with oral SCC. Only 60.4% of respondents indicated that the tobacco and alcohol use were the principle causes of oral SCC while 19.7% suggested that HIV disease was a risk factor for oral SCC. 29% of DPs routinely recorded the tobacco or alcohol use of their patients and only 3.8% offered advice to patients regarding modification of these habits. Eight-three percent of the respondents suggested that clinical screening was an effective means of reducing the frequency of premalignant and malignant oral lesions.

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Conclusion: In view of the gradual rise in oral malignancy worldwide there is an increased need for DPs to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of oral malignancy and premalignancy, provide appropriate preventive advice and be aware of the appropriate early management of patients with such oral lesions.

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EVALUATION OF NECK NODE METASTASIS FROM ORAL CANCER IN AN INDIAN POPULATION: A COMPARATIVE PILOT STUDY M. Mohan, G. Paul, S. Thomas and M. A Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2010, 2(1): 14-23 Introduction: Cervical node metastasis in oral cancer is an indicator of advanced disease. It is therefore important to evaluate neck node involvement as a predictor of progression and treatment planning. Materials & Methods: Eleven patients with age range between 38 to 63 years (median age 54 years) undergoing neck dissection simultaneously with the resection of primary intraoral squamous cell carcinoma formed the basis of the present study. A preoperative assessment of neck by clinical examination, ultrasonography and computed tomography scan was done, which was then compared to the histopathological assessment. The histopathological examination formed the reference. Results: The percentage of sensitivity by clinical examination was 46%. The percentage of sensitivity by ultrasonogram was 69%. The percentage of sensitivity by computed tomography (CT scan) was 85%. These were against the histopathological examination. Conclusion: The study reported an error of almost 50% for the clinical examination alone. The margin of error decreases when combining ultrasonography or CT scan in the examination. However, in the existing economic condition in India, even the use of CT scan can be prohibitive. Nevertheless, it is advised to combine other diagnostic modalities during the clinical examination of cervical metastasis.

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ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND DENTAL NEEDS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS Mohamed A. Jaber, Mohamed Sayyab and Salem H. Abu Fanas College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry (2010), 1, 1–6 Aim: Children with autism might need more dental care than non-autistic, healthy children. The aims of this study were: (a) to describe the caries experience and treatment needs of autistic children aged 6–16 years in the United Arab Emirates; and (b) to provide baseline data at national and regional levels to enable comparisons and future planning of dental services for children with autism. Methods: All children attending a day centre in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, for autism were selected for the study. Sixty-one autistic children aged 6–16 years (45 males and 16 females) were included in the study. Each patient received a complete oral and periodontal examination using codes and criteria as described by the World Health Organization. Results: The overall mean for Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth/decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 2.4. Female autistic children had significantly higher mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth/decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores (4.4) than males (1.63). The percentage of decayed, missing, and filled teeth increased with increasing age. The restorative index and met need index for the autistic children aged 11–15 years were 0.02 and 0.10, respectively. Conclusion: Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health status of autistic children.

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FAILURE OF INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK; EXPLORING THE ALTERNATIVES Mohamed A Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network UAQ Dental Conference, 23rd October 2010 Background: Achieving proper anesthesia is imperative to performing most dental procedures. The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most commonly used block in dentistry, having widespread applications in all fields of dentistry, such as oral surgery, endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics. In certain cases, however, this block has a comparatively high failure rate (15 to 20 percent), even when performed by the most experienced clinician. The reasons why the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block fails and alternate techniques available to dental practitioners will be explored. Conclusion: Several alternatives to the inferior alveolar nerve block are available. Clinicians should investigate them, rather than repeat the inferior alveolar nerve block after it has failed. Practice Implications. Mastering anesthetic techniques maximizes success in the dental office. It enables clinicians to provide better and more comfortable treatment to patients.

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DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENT: AN OVERVIEW Mohamed A Jaber College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Advancing Excellence in Dental Practice. Ajman, 4-5 April 2010. Background: Dental practitioners were required to identify patients with various types of medical problems who might be at risk for having problems as a result of dental treatment and plan and deliver dental treatment in such a way as to avoid or minimize the chances of an adverse event or outcome occurring, thus protecting the patients from injury, disease or adversity also to avoid litigation, anxiety.

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6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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College of Information, Mass Communication and Humanities

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6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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ARABS AND THEIR PROFICIENCY IN INVESTING THE CONFLICTING ROLES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION Mustafa Hameed Altaa College of Information, Mass Communication & Humanities Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The First Scientific Meeting of the Human Sciences, 21-23/4/2009 - Seventh of April University - Libya The research answers the following question: Do the Arab and their countries invest the roles of media and information? It is obvious that, in modern societies, the modern world is now divided into levels in the field of progress, ability, influence and prestige at the international level. The difference between the developed nations that have power and influence, and the nations that are on the margin place in this world is the ability and proficiency in the investment of vital resources which are made available by modern technological progress. The Most notable of these are media and information. It should be noted in this regard that media and information represent an advanced industry that invest billions of dollars. They are governed and controlled by large institutions that invest them in all directions. Mass media and information have conflicting roles i.e. they in the have very important constructing functions when invested in development, and social, economic and cultural progress... etc Also these means have destructive functions subversive when they employ misleading campaigns, psychological warfare, and cultural and intellectual invasion. The most important thing that draws attention is that the nations with power and international influence have been able to invest the constructing functions for media and information to build and reform their societies. They invested the destructive functions to overcome their enemy and those who oppose their interests during wars, crises and conflicts. Therefore, exploring the potential risks on the international level and anticipating them, will lead to comprehend the consequences that are resulted. 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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At the level of playing the roles of local investment in a good way, there are many Arab experiences that achieved successes in the field of literacy, development of education, awareness, and innovation in the areas of agriculture, industry, social and health care, Those experiences did not rise to the level of ambitions and aspirations, for several reasons: - Arab development experiences stopped at the borders of certain time, space and topics. - Many of the Arab experiences are not serious and do not have an ongoing support. - Arab media does not have clear prints in many of the experiences of Arab development. - Many of the Arab developmental experiences of lack advanced technical data at a high level of accuracy and objectivity. - Separation of media plans from comprehensive development plans. - Many of the Arab experiences lack the decision and ability of creativity and excellence.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND THE CHALLENGES OF A GLOBALIZED ECONOMY Mustafa Hameed Altaa College of Information, Mass Communication & Humanities Ajman University of Science and Technology Network The International Symposium, the Institute of Comprehensive Vocations and Preparing of Trainers, Sabha - Libya, 12-13/05/2009 There has been community development debate and discussion on a large scale about the priority of the social, economic and political dimensions for development, but most researchers, particularly social scientists, tend to show the importance and priority of the social dimension due to human's relationship and development. It is considered to be the center of the development process and a tool to achieve its ultimate goal. Therefore, we find the advocates of social development focusing on the importance of building human development as a condition of development. On this basis, the United Nations has criticized, in many, some development policies, which focused on the physical aspects and neglected the humanitarian aspects of development plans, particularly those countries that have considered the workforce development programs as mere production tools, and not the means of production process. The social development aims to develop health, education, housing, and solve situations of poverty and social corruption. It also aims to raise standards of life in the countryside and the establishment of modern cities; and change the social structure while maintaining the original values and the foundations of civilization of other communities. It also aims to develop human creativity and different skills, and success in the investment of energy and resources available in the community so as to ensure the achievement of goals. This represents the essence of social development.

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However, instead of becoming a solution to the problems facing the Arab societies, this development has become a problem that needs to be solved, because the Arab countries do not have privation that qualifies them to form a distinguished model which is able to face the challenges and competition in the global market, despite the fact that most Arab countries have and financial abundance that makes it a vital part of an active and influential role in the global economy. The reasons for this phenomenon refer to internal and external reasons. The research deals with three sections that discuss the following: The first section: the importance of the social dimension of development and investment in Arab countries. The second section: the importance of the social dimension of development and investment in Libya and the role of the private sector. The third section: the most important challenges of development and investment in the public and private sectors. Some solutions to the problems threatening the development and investment in the Arab countries are proposed.

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RADIO AND TV AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF PERSUATION Mustafa K. Al-Taiee College of Information, Mass Communication & Humanities Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Book: Publisher: Sabha University, National Book Publisher, 1st Edition, Libya, 2009 Last century witnessed a tremendous technological revolution that could change, within a few decades, all aspects of human life. The development was so vast that a great gap was set up between mankind and technology especially in the field of the audio-visual communication media. Human beings, it has become clear, have considerably lagged behind technological developments especially in developing nations. Consequently, qualifying proficient cadres to run modern technology has become a noticeable problem. This has been reflected on the production process and audio-visual methods, which naturally led to bad products including the type of work exercised by satellite TV stations. Such a phenomenon also struck writing and publication spheres where researchers and writers found themselves lingering behind. They, therefore, opted for quantity at the expense of quality. Besides, super industrial companies tended to monopolize scientific data, prevent researchers from using it, let alone permit some data to be published only after decades! As such, the researchers in the audio-visual field began to face new multidimensional missions in order to find a common ground that brings speed, accuracy and comprehensives together.

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RADIO AND TV TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR APPLIED IMPORTANCE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING Mustafa K. Al-Taiee College of Information, Mass Communication & Humanities Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Book: Publisher: Sabha University, National Book Publisher, 1st Edition, Libya, 2009 Audio and visual aspects assume a noticeable importance these days. So influential and effective as they are, people have dealt with them in various manners with respect to each societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural and scientific awareness. Some societies, however, could assimilate these features first and then apply them in their development programs and plans. Some other societies work hard to invest all benefits generated by recent technology, trying throughout to keep away from any disadvantages, while others came to recognize this new revolution only lately; it was a real shock for them. These highly valuable achievements did not come out for mere amusement. They, rather, came into being to guide life at large according to the wishes, trends and interests of those who stand behind all these developments. Those ingenious and creative people became proficient in persuading others. They focused on setting up research and studies centers which tend to study the mass media users from different angles with due emphasis on the TV being the most effective means for persuation especially after the invention of satellite TV stations.

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College of Education and Basic Sciences

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TOWARDS BUILDING AN EFFICIENT REGIONAL GRADUATE PROGRAM MODEL FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Ibrahim R. Gherfal College of Education and Basic Sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Ajman University of Science and Technology Journal, Vol. 13, 2009 This paper presents a model for building graduate programs that is responsive to the current issues in the professional and the academic environment in the Middle East and North Africa. It provides detailed components of the proposed model and the tasks and manner of their implementations. Numerous international models from different regions (USA, UK, Canada, the Middle East and North Africa) were reviewed and analyzed to form a comprehensive overview of the most efficient models and to pinpoint their positive effective common characteristics. International and national standards for licensure and accreditation manuals were also consulted to ensure consistency, quality and integrity of the proposed model.

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INVESTIGATION, GENERATION AND INTERPOLATION: IN IBN AL-ROOMY POETRY - DISPLAYED AND ANALYSIS Hashim Saleh Manna College of Education and Basic Sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of Islamic and Arabic Studies College in Dubai Vol:37 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2009 This is a survey that deals with defining interpolation, generation and investigation. It indicates their familiarity in Ibn Al-Roomy poetry, which was used properly through his dependence on philosophy, logic, clarification, analysis and justifying. In his writing, he depends on giving evidence, proofs, and truth. He was seeking for unique and rare meanings from its origin and expressing it in good forms and pictures. He used to start with assumption in which he generates meaning in all different possible ways. So nobody can add and modify any more than he added as he was so careful about different possible meanings. He acquired this through his deep knowledge about all different branches of sciences which were familiar all through his age and also through his observation in indicating reality and contemplating on life and clarifying human nature.

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MOTIVES OF OBEDIENCE AND GIVING UP IN THE VERSES OF BYLAWS Ali Abduljabbar Al-Srori College of Education and Basic Sciences Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Saleh Kamel Center for Islamic Economy – Al Azahr University Year 13 – Volume 39 (1430h -2009) Cairo - Egypt Looking at the style of the Noble Qura’n in the filed of bylaws reveals the uniqueness of the legislative style that is completely different from subjective laws. While the latter state the rule abstractly, the Noble Qura’n surrounds the rule with psychological motives that make it acceptable and make it applicable smoothly and confidently. Through extrapolation of the Qura’nic texts, this research, aims at highlighting a number of motives that came in the Noble Qura’n while it makes the bylaws that are related to the actions of the intended people to achieve the commands and prohibitions of Allah. The researcher found twenty-seven motives that came in the Qur'an to make it easier for people commitment to God's orders and prohibitions. The results were as follows: - The obvious difference between the style of the abstract law that does not consider the human feelings and emotions and the style of the Nobel Qura’n that highly cares about hearts feelings and souls emotions. - The concern of the Noble Qura’n about human feeling and emotions when stating the bylaws is the best style to motivate contented and reassured obedience. - The way the Noble Qura’n dealt with people’s social, economic and political affairs and the motives that coat them led the abstractness of these affairs to alleviate prosperously and to bring out the good morality. The researcher recommends that those who are involved in Islamic jurisprudence work should not lose sight in their studies and their fatwas of the Quranic approach to motivate intended 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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people to respond contentedly to the order and the prohibition of Allah as His style should be the light that guides His slaves.

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College of Law

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THE EXTENT OF THE CIVIL PROTECTION OF UNREGISTERED TRADE MARKS IN JORDAN Salah Zaineddin1 and Musleh Al Tarawneh2 1 College of Law, AUST Network 2 Mu’tah University, Jordan Mu’tah Journal for Research and Studies (Mu’tah Lil-Buhuth wadDirasat), Vol 24, No. 4, (2009) Mu’tah University, Jordan This Article explores the extent of the civil protection of unregistered trade marks in Jordan. It analysis and criticizes Article 34 of the Jordanian Trade Marks Law. Article (34) provides expressly that "No person may file a compensation claim for any violation against unregistered trade mark in Jordan, but he may be entitled to file an annulment action to annul a trade mark registered in Jordan by a person who does not own it and it is registered outside Jordan if he can submit a proof of the existence of any of the grounds of annulment which are stipulated in paragraphs 6, 7, 10, and 12 of Article 8 of this Law." We attempt to find where there is a real legal dilemma in this Article which deprives a person of his right to file a tort action in case of his trade mark has been infringed in Jordan. This Article also explores the possibility of protecting unregistered trade marks under the laws of Unfair Competition and Trade Secrets of 2000.

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PRESERVING THE NATIONAL FOLKLORE Abdel-Hamid Nagashi Zuheiry College of Law, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Conference of the College of Law, Sharjah University: â&#x20AC;&#x153;The New Aspects in The Legal Regulation of The Intellectual Property Rightsâ&#x20AC;?, Sharjah, UAE, November, 2009 Preserving the national folklore is a legitimate right that should be sustained by international conventions and endorsed by national legislation. On the other, legislation should include laws protecting intellectual property; such protection is either criminal or civil. However, because of the rapid evolution in the use of modern technology, several aspects of plagiarism and infringement of the copyright of folklore have emerged. The present comparative study, therefore, is investigating the laws protecting the national folklore in Egypt, the U.A.E as well as Kuwait. It is am attempt to define concepts, rules and methods of protection besides identifying the various methods of abuse. In the conclusion the present writer refers to the uncertainty about the difference between concepts of national folklore on the one hand and the world knowledge on the other. The study also indicates a need for activating the mechanism of civil protection in Arab communities in order to determine the size of the problem of abuse and how to act seriously and appropriately. It is made clear that there is a need for governments, agencies institutions and individuals to be aware of their responsibilities for defending national folklore. Furthermore, the current legislative acts and the necessity of redrafting a description of abuse are explained.

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MEASURE OF DAMAGES IN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT DISPUTES AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IN THE LIGHT OF MODELS FIDIC AND COMPARATIVE LAW Abdel-Hamid Nagashi Zuheiry College of Law, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Conference: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Building and Construction Contracts Between Legal Rules and Developed Legal Systemsâ&#x20AC;?, Faculty Of Law, UAE University, Dubai, April 2010 Raise the Construction of many of the issues in the technical aspects and legal work has been conducted under the provisions of the Egyptian judiciary and the UAE on measuring the extent of the damage posed by liabilities in the construction contract disputes and construction experts geometric scar from the Ministry of Justice, the approval of the technical nature of the damage in this area, without specific rules for measuring such damage as the analogy of riding a question of fact that estimated, the trial judge, and then measurement standards vary from case to case. The law of England to consider the issue of measuring damages in construction projects as a matter of law that are specific to the higher courts, which led to a considerable case law develop sophisticated solutions to a high degree of accuracy and clarity, and is no doubt that relying on expert reports on the issue of measurement damage according to the circumstances surrounding the corollary each case individually and at the discretion of the expert and his technical and culture to all aspects of the conflict and erudition in the field of specialization, realizes justice desired to achieve full compensation of the damage. At the same time seeking international and regional organizations and national legislation to implement the Uniform Building Code, which includes the finest detail on the operations of the building and construction, and include models of construction contracts and construction of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) substantive rules as 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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a measure of the extent of damage in construction. From this point raise this paper that the high scientific technology in the field of construction and contract models (FIDIC) system and Uniform Building Code, and in light of the difficulty of establishing a specific criterion to distinguish between what is fact and what is the law of the veto in justice or discrimination, can not develop standards and controls on the question of measure the size of damages in construction contract disputes and construction, and then change the view on this issue from becoming a question of fact not subject to the control of the Court of Cassation or discrimination to a matter of law to be controlled like Palmtba on English law, which considers this issue a matter of law, especially with different experts engineering in the damage assessment, with emphasis on the use of the work of engineering experience in the courts or through other means of dispute resolution such as arbitration, mediation or conciliation, but according to uniform controls on the measurement of the extent of damage in order to avoid excesses, which carries reports of engineering experience and appreciation of access to proper legal damage without enrichment or lack of. For this paper addresses (defining the concept of search terms, technical and legal - methods of measuring damage in national law and contract models (FIDIC) - controls the legislative and judicial trends in the measure of damages - assessment and damage assessment tools used in construction disputes conclusion of the study and recommendations and proposals).

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College of Business Administration

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AN EXAMINATION OF THE NATURE AND TYPE OF ‘ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE’ THAT SUPPORTS INTER-PROJECT LEARNING IN SWEDISH CONSULTANCY FIRMS Wise Mainga College of Business Administartion, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol.6, No.3, August 2010, pp129-156 Past researches has identified project-learning as crucial to the long-term market success of project-based firms (PBFs). Project success is partly dependant on the ability of project teams to be able to extract as much new knowledge acquired from past projects undertaken by the firm and transferring the new knowledge gained to other (current and future) projects. Despite the growing awareness of the importance of project learning to firm-level competitiveness, relatively fewer firms have institutionalized mechanisms to systematically capture new project-knowledge and re-use it to improve the execution of subsequent projects. For systematic interproject learning to take place in any project-based organization, there must be deliberate systems put in place to facilitate and support learning related activities. The primary aim of this research paper is to explore, describe and analyze the various components of ‘organizational learning infrastructure’ that have been developed by a sample of consultancy firms in Sweden to support and enhance interproject leaning. The study examines what type of learning infrastructure, systems, procedures, and routines have been built-up to support and promote organizational-wide interproject learning in consultancy firms in Sweden. The research paper interrogates the ‘perceptions’ of key informed project management practitioners, who have experience of managing consulting projects. The study finds that most respondents indicate that their firms had good or strong practices related to the following; implementation of multidisciplinary self-managing project teams, removal of 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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organizational/functional boundaries, and having deliberate processes to capture, document, store and distribute new project knowledge. However, some of the basic learningsupporting infrastructure necessary to support project learning were not fully developed (i.e., explicit scheduling of time to do ‘reflections’ during and after project execution, emergency of a ‘no blame’ culture, instilling a culture of experimentations, and emphasizing the importance of rapid and regular circulation of paper-based reports that described new learning being generated from ongoing project activities). Such underutilized practices provide greater opportunities for future improvements. A number of recommendations are outlined in light of research findings.

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STRATEGIC APPLICATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AT A SOUTH AFRICAN GRADUATE BUSINESS SCHOOL 1

Wise Mainga1, Pantaleo Rwelamila2 and Jim Carden3 College of Business Administration, Ajman University of Science & Technology Network, Ajman, UAE 2 Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa 3 Formerly at School of Management and Languages, HeriotWatt University, Edinburgh, U.K. PM World Today (Global Project Management eJournal), Vol. XII, Issue IX, September 2010, pp1-20

As part of the Nelson Mandela University (NMU)’s internationalization strategy, the Management Graduate School (MGS) had introduced a Master in Business Administration (MBA) degree program in Eritrea in 2003. However, the launching of the MBA degree program in Eritrea failed due to a number of factors. The MGS later launched a Master in Business Leadership (MBL) degree program in Ethiopia. The broad research objective of this research paper was to identify and examine the critical success factors needed to facilitate inter-project learning as a strategic input in the successful launching of an online-delivered graduate degree program overseas. An exploratory post-project review indicates that, although the MGS did not have formal processes to capture and transfer “lessons learnt” between two program-launch projects, they did identify some key success factors (KSFs) that may be required to underpin the launch of an ‘online’ graduate program in an African context. The KSFs identified include the need to undertake good and intensive a priori marketing, ensure a thorough feasibility study through extensive brainstorming at the conception stage, remedial preparation of prospective students through bridging courses, a thorough understanding of local bottlenecks, the incorporation of ‘lessons learnt’ from previous program launches, and an exact and complete estimation of all probable revenues and costs. The clear recommendation for NMU is to institutionalize formal 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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documentation procedures to systematically capture these ‘lessons learnt’ for future program-launch projects. For other educational institutions contemplating the launch of ‘onlinedelivered’ graduate programs in African countries, the need to pay attention to identified KSFs may be important for long term success.

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LEADERSHIP PRACTICES FOR CORPORATE GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY Alessia D'Amato1, Regina Eckert1, John Ireland2, Laura Quinn1 and Ellen Van Velsor1 1 Center for Creative Leadership 2 College of Business Administartion, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Journal of Global Responsibility (April), Volume 1 Issue 2, pages 225 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 249. (2011) The move of organizations towards corporate global responsibility (CGR) is often a major change process that requires leadership throughout the organization. Despite an array of studies on managerial competencies in this area, previous research on leadership for CGR has not studied the actual leadership practices that are employed in a companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s journey to CGR. The paper aims to fill this gap and to show how leadership for CGR is enacted by individuals and organizations that are highly successful CGR leaders. The paper uses a comparative case-study approach of five multinational companies that are recognized as industry leaders for CGR. A total of 54 semi-structured interviews with senior managers were complemented by ten focus groups and an examination of company reports, value charters and mission statements. Interviews were double-coded in a three-step process with the goal of knowledge development. The paper identified eight interrelated categories of leadership practices for global responsibility: developing CGR vision, strategy, and goals; integrating CGR into business decisions and operations; top management role modeling of CGR; engaging across boundaries; employee development and empowerment; systematic communication about CGR; developing accountability for CGR; and visible integrity in management behavior and decision making. The findings suggest that focusing on these leadership practices helps organizations build a strong leadership culture that is supportive of CGR. The examination of actual 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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leadership practices on multiple levels complements the existing knowledge on individual management competencies that are useful for driving CGR in organizations.

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THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISES ON THE ISLAMIC BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN UAE Mohammed Naim Chaker and Abdalla Salih College of Business Administartion, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network the Sixth Annual World Congress of the Academy for Global Business Advancement 2, Malaysia, December 27â&#x20AC;&#x201C;31, 2009 Islamic banks are making significant contribution to the banking industry. Most of the studies have found that Islamic banks are more efficient and profitable than their conventional counterparts. The number of Islamic banks is growing in the last few years and operating in more than 75 countries. This study examines the performance of the Islamic banks in UAE with comparison of the conventional banks. A sample of four Islamic banks and four conventional banks were selected to measure the performance by using the financial ratio methodology. The findings of this study indicate that the performance of Islamic banks during the global financial crises was better than the conventional banks in terms of higher profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, and market or EPS ratio. This research project can be extended to cover more banks from GCC countries or from other countries.

The paper is published in the conference proceeding pages 108 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 115, Vol. 6, no. 1, December 2009. ISSN 1549-9332 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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IS THE GLASS CEILING KEPT IN PLACE IN SUDAN? GENDERED DILEMMA OF THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE Samia A. Kargwell College of Business Administartion, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol 23/3, 2008 Objectives: This paper has twofold objectives: first, it presents female managersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience with family-work dilemma. Second, it examines the priorities married female managers assign to the commitments of their dual roles and the support they received from their organizations. Besides, the research highlights the effect of family-work dilemma on the formation of the glass ceiling (Al-sakf Al-Zujaji) women managers are confronting in public organizations in Sudan. Methodology: The study was based on a case study design, using a qualitative approach and triangulation of methods. These include: interviews, observations, analysis of texts, documents and autobiography. In depth interviews were carried out with 26 male managers in senior posts and 22 female managers in senior and middle management levels in two Federal Ministries (Health and Education) located in Khartoum (the Capital City of Sudan). The narrative style (story-telling) was used to analyze the interview data. The findings of this study indicate that female managers interviewed give first priority to their families and secondary importance to their jobs. Married women managers who have children sought the assistance of others, (their extended families, servants, nannies and cooks). The priority married women managers give to their families play a negative role in their career progression and contributes to their underrepresentation at top management level. The implications in this study are many; however few of them will be mentioned here. To assist in changing working womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s situation in Sudan, some recommendations are proposed by this research. These recommendations could help in removing the

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barriers that form the glass ceiling (Al-Sakf Al-Zujaji) acts to hinder women career advancement. Fulfilling such commitments require the following initiatives: First, to help females to strike the balance between their family responsibilities and their work duties, organizations have to provide them with basic amenities (such as nurseries, pre-schools in the same work place location or nearby. Secondly, to use an organization redesign as an instrumental tool in helping married female employees in coping with the burden of the two roles by introducing flexible work arrangements. Thirdly, it is important to encourage future research to be carried out in the other public ministries. There are three objectives to achieve. These are to find out whether female managers in other ministries also face a glass ceiling (Al Sakf - Al Zujaji) that prevents them from moving up the management ladder; to identify the key elements that lead to the creation of a glass ceiling (Al-Sakf Al-Zujaji); and examine the impact of the elements that must be responsible for forming the glass ceiling (Al Sakf - Al Zujaji) on women managers; experience in other ministries in the Sudan.

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Institute of Environment, Water and Energy

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DESALINATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS Zeinelabidin S. Rizk Institute of Environment, Water and Energy, Ajman University of Science and Technology Network Water Desalination Conference in Arab Countries - Arwadex 2010, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 11-14 April 2010 To bridge the gap between the limited available water resources and escalating demand on water for agriculture, industry and municipal purposes, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has adopted water desalination, water harvesting and reuse of treated sewage water as non-conventional water resources. Water desalination in the UAE started in 1969 in Abu Dhabi. In the present, over 83 desalination plants have been built all over the country and several others are under construction or planned in the future. Most of the plants are located in coastal areas or on islands desalinating seawater, while a few plants are built inland where brackish groundwater is desalinated. The annual production of desalination plants increased from 7.0 million cubic meters (MCM) in 1969 to 1,825 MCM in 2005. In 2008, the UAE ranked second on the world by producing 8.4 MCM of desalination water per day, or 13% of world production. The multi-stage flash distillation is the dominant desalination method representing 52% in Sharjah, 88% in Abu Dhabi and 99.8% in Dubai. The multi-effect distillation method represents 10% in Abu Dhabi and 30% in Sharjah. The reverse osmosis desalination is 0.2% in Dubai, 2% in Abu Dhabi and 18% in Sharjah. The UAE has two experimental solar desalination plants in Abu Dhabi with total production capacity of 580 cubic meters per day (m3/d); the first plant desalts 500 m3/d of brackish groundwater and the second desalinates 80 m3/d of seawater. Abu Dhabi Emirate also has a small solar desalination plant in Um Azumul area. The plant is run the Environment Agency in Abu Dhabi (EAD) and produces 68.2 m3/d of fresh water through desalinating groundwater of salinity higher than sea water.

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The desalination of seawater in the UAE is facilitated by its long coasts along the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (600 km). In contrast, water desalination has been criticized on economic, environmental and security grounds. In addition to the problems affecting desalination plants such as scale formation, precipitation, membrane fouling and corrosion, the desalination process itself has negative physical, chemical and biological impacts on the marine environment. On the other hand, desalination plants are negatively affected by increasing salinity of the Arabian Gulf and pollution of its water with heavy metals, hydrocarbons, thermal pollution and red tide. While the disposal of reject brine from coastal or inland desalination plants has considerable adverse effects on marine organisms and groundwater, the use of this brine for extraction of salts and production of chemicals for industrial and commercial uses is a good prospect for beneficial utilization of the main pollutant generated by desalination plants. Alleviating the negative impacts of desalination industry in the UAE should focus on the use of renewable energy sources, achieving zero brine discharge by incorporating the solar pond technology and funding research and development in water desalination.

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WATER RESOURCES IN THE ARABIAN GULF REGION 1

Zeinelabidin E. Rizk1 and Abdulrahman S. Alsharhan2 Institute of Environment, Water and Energy, AUST Network 2 Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University

Gulf Strategic Report 2009 - 2010, Water Resources in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, Gulf Research Center, Alkhaleej for Printing and Publishing, no. 8, pp. 261-313. Conventional water resources in the Arabian Gulf region include flash floods, permanent and seasonal springs, falaj systems, and groundwater in shallow and deep aquifers. Non-conventional water resources are desalinated water and treated-sewage water. To bridge the gap between the limited available water resources and the escalating demands on water for agricultural, industrial and municipal purposes, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are actively involved in rain-water harvesting, weather modification through cloud seeding and artificial precipitation, in addition to plans of water importation. The total annual rains falling on the GCC countries are 127 billion cubic meters (BCM) in Saudi Arabia, 14 BCM in Oman, 4.2 BCM in United Arab Emirates (UAE), 2.2 BCM in Kuwait, 1.89 BCM in Qatar and 0.006 BCM in Bahrain. The rains falling on mountains produce valuable seasonal floods in Saudi Arabia, Oman and UAE. To harvest a good part of flood water, Saudi Arabia has established 230 dams with a total storage capacity of 1.14 BCM, in addition to a number of subsurface dams under construction or research. On completion the reservoirs storage capacity in Saudi Arabia will reach 2.38 BCM. The UAE has already built 115 dams with a total storage capacity of 150 million cubic meters (MCM). In Oman, the number of dams totaled 66, with storage capacity of 7.79 BCM. In addition to flood-water harvesting, dams in Saudi Arabia, UAE and Oman recharge groundwater, and protect homes, roads and farms against flash flooding. The springs discharge in Bahrain declined from 16 MCM in 1953 to 7 MCM in 1979, and in 1997 springs discharge ceased entirely. Discharge of permanent springs in the UAE decreased 6th Annual Research Compendium: 2009/2010

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from 3 MCM in 1991 to 1.5 MCM in 2008. Springs discharge in Oman was 32 MCM in 2007, and while the discharge of springs in Saudi Arabia reached 263 MCM in 1991 it completely stopped in 2008. Oman has 4,800 active falaj systems, belonging to the Gheli and Daudi types, in addition to a limited number of Hadouri falajs in Muscat. These falajs guarantee 55% of irrigation water demand and 33% of total water consumption in Oman. In UAE, falajs discharge decreased from 31.2 MCM in 1982 to 9 MCM in 1994. In 2008, several falajs went dry, while the total discharge on remaining ones did not exceed 0.75 MCM. The groundwater resources in GCC countries are stored in 30 aquifer systems, predominantly existing in Saudi Arabia, while some of these aquifers are shared among Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. These aquifers store 2,175 BCM and receive annual recharge of 7.2 BCM. In 2008, groundwater exploitation in the GCC countries reached 21 BCM, while the annual recharge of these aquifers is 6.2 BCM, indicating water shortage of 15 BCM divided among Saudi Arabia (13.559 MCM), UAE (1.495 MCM), Oman (240 MCM), Kuwait (200 MCM), Qatar (140 MCM) and Bahrain (100 MCM), respectively. The groundwater reserve in Saudi Arabia is 432.25 BCM, including 428.40 BCM of old, nonrenewable groundwater and 3.85 BCM of renewable groundwater. The UAE has 235 BCM of nonrenewable groundwater reserve; 80% of it saline, in addition to 190 MCM of renewable groundwater. The groundwater reserve in Qatar is 4.5 BCM, including 50 MCM renewable. The groundwater reserve in Oman is 102.9 BCM, subdivided into 102 BCM nonrenewable and 900 MCM renewable. There are no groundwater reserve estimates in Kuwait and Bahrain, but both countries have 160 MCM and 110 MCM of renewable groundwater resources, respectively. In 2000, the World production of desalinated water reached 11.4 MCM per day, to which the GCC countries contributed 43.8%. The daily production of the GCC countries then was 5.4 MCM (21%) in Saudi Arabia, 2.9 MCM (11.2%) in UAE, 1.6 MCM (6.2%) in Kuwait, 573,000 m3 (2.2%) in Qatar, 473,000 m3 (1.8%) in Bahrain and 378,000 m3 (1.2) in Oman. In 2008, the GCC countries daily production of desalinated water was 8.3

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MCM, representing 62.4% of the World production. The percentages of total GCC countries desalination water production were 45.1% in Saudi Arabia, 30.5% in UAE, 13.5% in Kuwait, 4.4% in Qatar, 3.7% in Bahrain and 2.8% in Oman. The GCC countries consume 35% of treated-sewage water to meet 4% of their total water needs. The quantities of treatedswage water produced by the GCC countries in 2008 were 54 MCM in Bahrain, 86 MCM in Oman, 138 MCM in Qatar, 260 MCM in Kuwait, 730 MCM in Saudi Arabia and 881 MCM in UAE. The percentage of treated-waste water usage ranges from 41% in Daudi Arabia and 71% in Bahrain.

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COPENHAGEN CLIMATE SUMMITâ&#x20AC;Ś BIG CHALLENGES AND WEAK DECISIONS Riadh Hamid Al-Dabbagh Institute of Environment, Water and Energy, Ajman University of Science and Technology Todays World Magazine No.923, June 2010 Throughout human history many of the climatic changes has occurred that scientists had a significant role in the discovery of fluctuations of the solar or volcanic erruptions.. But the strange rise in global temperatures over the past two centuries since the start of the industrial revolution in the West, particularly the dramatic increase of temperature in the last twenty years, which had a significant impact on human activities and which led to this apparent increase in global temperatures, known as the recent global warming or global climate change, and no matter how different labels it is given, the problem is one, a significant increase of polluting gases to the atmosphere. The greenhouse gas emissions has a reasonable transparency for the solar radiation to the inside the earth, but relatively opaque to thermal radiation with longer wavelengths of the Earth's surface and the greater the concentration of these gases in the air. Also, the solar radiation at ground level does not decline significantly while the significant decline is only the heat radiation from the land and surface water into space and the result is a surplus of energy available at ground level leading to a high air temperature on the Earth's surface. Scientists have identified long time ago the reasons of global warming and the world community need to reduce all of the polluting forms whether it was in the air, water or in the soil to maintain the health of residents and the capacity of the living organisms on earth. But the deal that took place in Copenhagen turned its back on science and has taken a political stance that lacks the ambition we want to add to the marginalization of developing countries, and disappointing them in a way they did not expect where the agreement did not even come close to what is necessary to control the climate changes for the future.

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THE DUST AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT Riadh H. Al-Dabbagh Institute of Environment, Water and Energy, Ajman University of Science and Technology Bayan journal / Analytical research/ No.11088, Oct. 2010 From time to time the Gulf region is highly affected by a crisis of strong winds carrying dust and dirt, a crisis affecting the details of daily life and business interruption as well as it paralyzes traffic and cause losses, not to mention the impact the health of people suffering from chest diseases such as asthma, allergies and asthma, In addition to the dust caused by loaded with wind damage to the organs and mechanisms. Therefore, a plan and the preparation of prior reserves for crisis management of dust and dust especially of the utmost importance, because it is permanent crisis occur, it is also of unknown origin, the environmental and global changes could be the reasons for the shift of climate, desertification and shrinking of the ozone layer, and others attribute to it raises wars around us to move the land and dust, in addition to the over-logging and increase the area of the desert region. Hence why we think in the study and discuss the matter to determine the continuity and extent of its development, and then develop solutions to short and long term, taking into account the importance of protecting the environment and animals, however, we must also protect the rights of this phenomenon and to increase awareness its treatment.

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College of University Requirements and Academic Counselling

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APPLICATION OF A SYSTEMIC SOFT DOMAIN-DRIVEN DESIGN FRAMEWORK Mohammed Salahat1 and Steve Wade2 1 Information Technology Unit, College of University Requirements and Academic Counselling, Ajman University of Science and Technology, UAE 2 Informatics Department, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, UK ICIS 2009 Conference, WASET Organization, Volume 57 Online Conference Proceeding Journal, September 2009, Amsterdam, Netherland. www.waset.org This paper proposes a “soft systems” approach to domain-driven design of computer-based information systems. We propose a systemic framework combining techniques from Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and an implementation pattern known as “Naked Objects”. We have used this framework in action research projects that have involved the investigation and modeling of business processes using object-oriented domain models and the implementation of software systems based on those domain models. Within the proposed framework, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is used as a guiding methodology to explore the problem situation and to generate a ubiquitous language (soft language) which can be used as the basis for developing an object-oriented domain model. The domain model is further developed using techniques based on the UML and is implemented in software following the “Naked Objects” implementation pattern. We argue that there are advantages from combining and using techniques from different methodologies in this way. The proposed systemic framework is overviewed and justified as multimethodology using Mingers multimethodology ideas. This multimethodology approach is being evaluated through a series of action research projects based on real-world case studies. A Peer-Tutoring case study is presented here as a sample of the framework evaluation process.

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