Understanding PT in your city

Vijayawada: The Land of Victory

Author Akhil Vardhan Borra

Understanding PT in your city

Akhil Vardhan Borra (2nd Sem, PUT21079) Planning, Operation and Management, Summer Semester 2022 CEPT University, Ahmedabad

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Prakasam Barrage

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CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 6 Classification of Towns in India: ................................................................................................. 7 City and Its Regional Setting Location........................................................................................ 7 Classification Of Cities ............................................................................................................... 9 Mega city: ............................................................................................................................... 9 Metro City: .............................................................................................................................. 9 Population Of Vijayawada....................................................................................................... 9 Vijayawada As Municipal Corporation ........................................................................................ 9 Vijayawada Division...............................................................................................................11 Urban Growth of Vijayawada .................................................................................................13 Connectivity ..............................................................................................................................16 Regional Connectivity ............................................................................................................16 Public Transport ....................................................................................................................17 Public Transport Network Assessment - APSRTC ....................................................................19 Congestion & Speeds and travel time ....................................................................................19 Analysis of APSRTC fleet size – Regional Level .......................................................................22 Fleet strength as of March 2018 ............................................................................................22 Age of Fleet ...........................................................................................................................22 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................23 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................23

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Sri Durga Malleswara Swamy Varla Devasthanam (Temple)

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Introduction Vijayawada is the second biggest city in the newly established state of Andhra Pradesh, as well as the state's political center. According to statistics, Vijayawada is the 159th fastest growing city in the world. The Vijayawada Bus Terminal is Asia's second largest, while the Vijayawada Railway Junction is the third largest busiest railway junction. Vijayawada has the largest wholesale textile and apparel marketplaces in South Asia.

Vijayawada is also a business hub for wholesale agricultural products, especially in vegetables, fruits, and spices. Vijayawada, which boasts a big number of engineering institutions and the region's first medical college, is widely perceived as an educational center in Southern India.

The city hosts India's second largest book festival. Vijayawada is also noted for its rich cultural heritage, which can be seen in local dance styles, music, crafts, painting, architecture, and fine arts.

The city's origins may be traced back to the banks of the Krishna River, along the dispersed Eastern Ghats, and it is surrounded by abundant natural resources.

Amravati, the projected future capital of Andhra Pradesh, will be located across the river. It is around 25 kilometers from Vijayawada and is a greenfield capital development project.

Vijayawada is undergoing transformation in property investment, land use, traffic pattern, and demographic factors because of the growth of Amravati. This report quickly highlights the city of Vijayawada's public transportation in many categories addressing the Background, Economy, Demography, Policies, and Future Developments.

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Classification of Towns in India: The Towns are grouped on the basis their population in Census. The Towns which have at least 1,00,000 persons as population are categorised as Class I Town. At the Census 2011, there are 468 such Towns. The corresponding number in Census 2001 was 394.

Class - I Population of 100,000 and Above Class - II Population of 50,000 and 99,999 Class - III Population of 20,000 and 49,999 Class - IV Population of 10,000 and 19,999 Class - V Population of 5,000 and 9,999 Class - VI Population of less than 5,000

City and Its Regional Setting Location The important economic hubs of India, namely Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad & Visakhapatnam, were within a 250-450 km radius of each other. The closeness to, and new possibilities provided by, Vijayawada city has drawn trained and talented human resources from these cities.

Andhra Pradesh does have a lengthy coastline, with two of the country's largest ports, Visakhapatnam and Madras, located on the north and southern ends of the state, respectively.

Vijayawada, with its port at Machilipatnam, is in the state's heart. Machilipatnam port has a lot of potential as an inland commercial hub for cities like Hyderabad. Vijayawada is not only located in this location, but it also spans centrally over the whole eastern coast, allowing it to establish itself as the new "Southeast Gateway of Peninsular India."

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1991

2021

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Classification Of Cities Mega city: The definition of a 'Mega city' is a relatively new phenomena in urban sociology, and it is characterized as a metropolitan metropolis with a big size, problems managing civic facilities, and the potential to absorb relatively significant population increase.

The Indian Census of 1991 used a population figure of 5 million or more as the cut-off point for identifying a location as a megacity. Whereas, for participation in the Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Mega Cities, the Ministry of Urban Affairs and Employment, Department of Urban Development accepted the 4 million and above population as per the 1991 Census for Mega Cities requirement.

Cities having populations of 10 million or more were classified as Megacities in the 2001 Census, and the same population criteria were used in the 2011 Census.

Metro City: The Census Commission classifies metropolitan cities as cities with a population of more than 10 lakhs or one million people.

Vijayawada As Municipal Corporation Vijayawada is a mega city, which is categorized as class-I town.

Population Of Vijayawada Year 1991 2001 2011 2021

VIJAYAWADA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (VMC) Population Growth % 701827 845217 20.43 1048240 24.02 1.64 Million 39.3

VIJAYAWADA URBAN AGGLOMERATION (VUA) Population Growth % 845756 1033562 22.21 1491202 44.28 2 Million 37.5

Source: censusindia.gov.in

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Vijayawada Railway Station

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Vijayawada Division Vijayawada Division consists of 15 Mandals: Vijayawada Urban (Fully), Vijayawada rural, •

Penamaluru,

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Kankipadu,

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Mylavaram,

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Ibrahimpatnam,

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G.Konduru,

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Kanchikacherla,

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Veerullapadu,

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Nandigama,

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Penuganchiprolu,

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Chandarlapadu,

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Jaggayyapeta,

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Vatsavai and Thotlavalluru.

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation constitutes about 3.91 % of the total urban population of the state.

Vijayawada is the third largest city in the state to which 3 town panchayats were added in 1981 and 2 village panchayats were added in the year 1985.

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Vijayawada Bus Stand

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Urban Growth of Vijayawada Figure 1 Change in Population over decades

% of Urban Population

2011

2001

0

20

40

60

80

100

Vijayawada (Urban)

120

140

160

180

200

Vijayawada (Rural)

Note. The graphic shows change in urban population from 2001 to 2011 for urban and rural areas of Vijayawada. Data source, census India. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

During the decade 2001-2011, the population of Vijayawada rural rose from 95368 in the 2001 Census to 153591 in 2011. Vijayawada Rural's growth rate of 477.87 percentage is higher than the state's growth rate of 10.98 percent for the decade.

Overall, the Vijayawada city growth that is growing across the Krishna River appears to be patronized by leaf frog sprawl. In the east zone of Poranki, Peddapulipaka, Chowdavaram, and Penamaluru, city expansion is faster. The sprawl in the western zone of Vijayawada is minimal, although it can be seen in locations like Surayapalem and Rayanapadu. However, because it is so close to the future capital of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati, it will generate tremendous expansion in the coming years.

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Figure 2 Proposed Land use map 2011

Note. The graphic shows land use map of Vijayawada of 2011. Source of map, crda.ap.gov. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

Few major constructions which happened at Asarwa changed the land rates and the values of it in 2000’s. Along with this, during 2009- BRTS (Bus rapid transit system) corridor was introduced near to Chamunda flyover, which is a major junction to industries. Along this BRTS corridor, there are so many new commercial buildings such as hospitals, railway manager offices, etc. The Asarwa 14

Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

lake development (2012) which is one of the most predominant water bodies in and across the region. It is one of the major resources in terms of revenue generation.

Figure 3 Growth of city towards the periphery between 1850 - 2001

Note. The graphic shows the change in built up over years from 1850’s till 2001. Source of image, City Resume Vijawada. Ramesh Srikonda, Abdul Razak, Nagaraju Kaja, Srinivas Daketi, Ayon Tarafdar, 2016. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

The data reveal that the built-up area of Vijayawada city has expanded by 1671.84 hectares in 1988 to 25992.27 hectares in 2014, with a predicted expansion to 44611.2 hectares in 2040. The percentage growth in built up areas from 2008 to 2014 is 28.43 percent, whereas the percentage increase from 1988 to 2040 is 50.21 percent. In all phases, an accuracy of more than 80% was reached.

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Connectivity Regional Connectivity Vijayawada is well connected to the region's economic powerhouses by rail, road, and air.

Gannavaram Domestic and International Airport serves the region.

The nearest international airport is Hyderabad International Airport, which is followed by airports in Chennai and Bengaluru.

Now, Andhra Pradesh only has one significant port, Visakhapatnam. Apart from Visakhapatnam, the state has five additional active ports, seven more under construction, and three more planned.

Three ports are being built near the Capital area. National Highways 5, 7, 9, 16, and 18 travel across the state, connecting it to other major cities in India.

Figure 4 Vijayawada Key connectivity

Note. The graphic shows the major road networks connecting Vijayawada through bus, rail & flight. Source of image, City Resume Vijawada. Ramesh Srikonda, Abdul Razak, Nagaraju Kaja, Srinivas Daketi, Ayon Tarafdar, 2016.

Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Public Transport In the city of Vijayawada, public transportation is the most common means of motorized urban transit. Buses, autos, and cycle rickshaws are examples of this. These modes contribute significantly to current traffic congestion.

Figure 4 City level Connectivity

Note. The graphic shows the major road networks connecting city level connectivity of Vijayawada through bus, rail & flight. Source of image, City Resume Vijawada. Ramesh Srikonda, Abdul Razak, Nagaraju Kaja, Srinivas Daketi, Ayon Tarafdar, 2016. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

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The BRTS was developed prior to the consideration of the new Capital City, so there is possibility to extend and/or incorporate the BRTS to the new Capital City, as well as satellite communities in the Capital Region. There are presently no plans for integrated public transportation in the Andhra Pradesh region. Other types of public transportation, such as mass transit and light rail, must be introduced in and around the region taking the future demand into consideration. The region needs an integrated public transportation network to connect the capital city and regional centers.

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Public Transport Network Assessment - APSRTC Congestion & Speeds and travel time Figure 5 From Benz Circle to Dr. N.T.R University of Health Sciences Siddhartha Medical College

Note. The graphic shows the different route maps of city level connectivity of bus from Benz Circle to Dr. N.T.R University of Health Sciences Siddhartha Medical College. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021

by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

The typical journey time from the city centre to the north-east is from 10 to 39 minutes, depending on the route chosen.

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Figure 6 From Benz Circle to Vijayawada Bus Stand

Note. The graphic shows the different route maps of city level connectivity of bus from Benz Circle to Vijayawada Bus Stand. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

The typical journey time from the city centre to the west for 5 kilometres is between 10 and 18 minutes, depending on the route followed.

Figure 7 From Benz Circle to Durga Devi Temple

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Note. The graphic shows the different route maps of city level connectivity of bus from Benz Circle to Durga Devi Temple. Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems

by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

According to the route chosen, the typical travel time from the city center to the north is roughly 20 to 25 minutes.

Figure 8 From Benz Circle to D. Mart

Note. The graphic shows the different route maps of city level connectivity of bus from Benz Circle to D. Mart.

Adapted from “Planning, Operation and Management,” (Unpublished for Master of Urban Transport Systems by B. Akhil Vardhan, 2021, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by B. Akhil Vardhan.)

According to the chosen route, the typical travel time from the city Centre over 10 kilometers towards the north-east is roughly 25 to 30 minutes.

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Analysis of APSRTC fleet size – Regional Level Fleet strength as of March 2018

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It is observed, Tata stands first, as the highest no of bus manufacturer for APSRTC. Which manufacture more than 50% of buses

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There is no presence of midi & minibuses

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Statistics show, only 2% of buses were there in CNG category.

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Whereas Diesel stands as highest in fleet strength, has 76%.

Age of Fleet

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As ticket size of traffic is high is City, scrapping target is 15 years, whereas it is higher for District.

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Due to better age limit of buses in City Ord, it reflected better values in overages buses.

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District org buses, show cased poor performance in terms of standards. There are overall 11.31% of buses running on District roads which are over aged buses.

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city

Conclusion Citizens' awareness should be raised by putting a greater focus on public transportation and restraining the rise of low-capacity private transportation (particularly cars and motor-cycles).

Vijayawada would be following the trend in many cities throughout the world, particularly in wealthy countries, if it did so.

Furthermore, established BRT can offer greater flexibility than any other mode since the bus fleet anticipated for elevated BRT could be utilized for other routes. Vijayawada's urban transportation planning has changed a lot, and aspects of polycentric governance are now in place. However, certain institutional characteristics can provide further support for improved transportation planning and a more successful polycentric governance structure.

Bibliography

Ramesh Srikonda (2016), Abdul Razak (2016), Nagaraju Kaja (2016), Srinivas Daketi (2016), Ayon Tarafdar (2016). City Resume: Vijayawada https://mdl.donau-uni.ac.at

P. Kesava Rao (2016), Y. Mishima (2016), S. Srinivasulu (2016) and N. Bhaskara Rao (2016). A Case Study of Vijayawada City, Andhra Pradesh, India: Identification of Urban Sprawl. https://www.researchgate.net

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. https://www.apsrtc.ap.gov

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Vijayawada International Airport

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Vijayawada : Understanding PT in your city