ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS BOOK 1 | House Orientation, Design, and Services
Albertus Magnus Yudhistira 755406 ABPL20036 ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
1
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
2
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
CONTENTS
BOOK 1 | House Orientation, Design, and Services
1 House Overview 1.1 Site Plan 1.2 House Plan 2 Services 2.1 Electrical, Lighting, and Communications 2.2 Gas and Water Supply 2.3 Sewer and Greywater 2.4 Active Heating 3 Embodied Energy
BOOK 2 | Sustainability and Efficiency Options Report
1 Sitting and Orientation 2 Material Schedule 3 FirstRate Report 4 Services Choices 5 References
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
3
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
4
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
HOUSE OVERVIEW ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
1 5
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
1.1 SITE PLAN
1:200 LEGEND Wind from north in summer morning
WINTER SUN
SUMMER SUN
SITE ANALYSIS Orientation The house is faced to the north side on the long-edge to maximise sun heat gain during winter, as the living room and kitchen have the largest openings (windows) in the house. Wind mostly comes from the northern side of the house, which large windows/openings were added in the north side to catch the summer breeze. House located a bit to the south as there is no information about what is happening opposite the laneway in the north. If there is a building then it could block the sunlight during winter. Free space in the north side also gives space for natural vegetation to grow, as it could provide cooler air and shading in summer. Roof A gable roof type is chosen as there will be no attic, which means rise up the ceiling level in the middle to create more space for air circulation and cooling effect in summer.
Afternoon breeze in summer
Vegetation Some deciduous trees will be planted in the northern side of the house to channel north summer winds and maintain humidity and oxygen level in summer. In winter, those trees will lose their leaves and thus let sunlights to enter the back porch and garden of the house. Similarly, some evergreen trees will be planted on the western side of the house (on the pond) to give a tunneling effect on the summer southwest breeze and thus could enter the living room area. Moreover, it could also block west summer sun. In addition, some vines will be planted on the north porch to give passive shading during summer and create a narrower space for air to move and as a result a breeze effect will come up. These vegetations is useful to create a passive cooling effect in summer and also provide natural shading. Insolation As more large windows are on one side of the house, that side thus is positioned to face north as more that area will receive more sunlight in winter. Some natural shading then added to protect that area from summer sun.
6
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
1.2 HOUSE PLAN
1:100 WINDOW and DOOR SCHEDULE 2000mm
800mm
350mm
900mm
1030mm
Stack ventilation, air rises to the outlet 1200mm
2100mm
W03
2100mm
W02
2100mm
W01
W02 600mm
EW01
300mm
SD01
W04
SD01
D02, D03, D04, D05, D06, D07, D08
900mm
W07, W08, W09
D01
4500mm
D02
1000mm
D07
D06
D05
D03
D01
1200mm
1200mm
D04 W10 W05 W09
W08
W07
W01
W03, W04, W05, W06, W10
Ceiling fan to create cooling effect 4500mm
W06
300mm
The exhaust fans takes out the air from inside the bathroom to create air circulation
600mm
The trees create a wind "tunneling effect" to maximise summer cool breeze
EW01
FLOORING and EXTERIOR WALL DETAILS
SHADING and STACK VENTILATION Outside
16mm weatherboard
15mm timber flooring
13mm reflective air gap
Concrete In Slab Floor with Hydronic Heating Coil
R2.5 polyester/wool blanket insulation
R1.0 Edge Slab Insulation
Clay brick masonry
375mm Waffle Pod R0.9
Inside
Pergola with vines used to provide natural shading during summer, and also give fresher air from the plantations. The pergola (overhangs) is designed to allow winter sun to enter the living room and kitchen/dining which give radiant heating. In summer, the vines will grow and thus provide natural shading and also produce fresher air.
Wall cladding
Summer sun PV Array Winter sun
EW01 Outside
Inside
Even though reverse brick veneer system is more expensive than the usual wall system, it has more advantages and contributions to the passive design. This technique works well to cope the cold winter night which the thermal mass from the brick keeps the interior heat and temperature stable. This helps increase the heating energy efficiency and obviously gives comfort to the occupants.
Waffle Pod is used to provide more insulation and save the amount of concrete used. As the house is constructed in a flat surface, waffle pod is then possible to use. In addition, waffle pod is not recommended to use on sites with high reactive clay (Class H1 and H2) as there is a requirement for good drainage system that is almost impossible to achieve. However, it is safe to use waffle pod for this project as the site is firm enough.
An outlet is provided (EW01) to let summer breeze flows into the living room and out from the outlet. The outlet is designed to have an electric actuator and could be Outlet (east) controlled with a remote control so user just need to press a button in order to open it. This type of window is chosen as the outlet is located above the ceiling level.
HWS
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
SOUTH
SOUTH
Solar evatube
EW01
Inlet (west)
HWS
NORTH
7
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
8
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
SERVICES ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
2 9
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
2.1 ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING, and COMMUNICATIONS
1:100 LEGEND
SOLAR ROOF PANEL
F DW
HWS SOUTH
16 PV Panels
NORTH
Tesla HomeBattery
Household
Inverter DC
PV Meter AC
Utility Meter Switch Board
Return to grid
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
16 x 5kW Monocrystalline Panels
30 Solar Hot Water Evacuated Tubes
Inverter PV Meter
Hot and Cool Water connected to Boiler
Switch Board Tesla Powerwall Home Battery
The solar array itself will be tilted 30o towards north to maximise energy input during winter and summer days.
Hot Water System (Boiler with Gas Booster)
HWS SOUTH
16 monocrystalline solar panels will be used to catch energy from sunlight. A system of 5kW is chosen as this is the commonly used for home with 4 or more people. With this system, it could cover most of the energy needs in the house such as: laptop charging, LED lights, standby appliances, LCD TVs, and many more, during the night after the whole energy needed is stored into the battery in the day. This will help occupants to save their energy bill.
NORTH
ABOVE Monocrystalline solar panel will be used for utilites and lighting during night time. Image from trinasolar.com
10
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
2.2 GAS and WATER SUPPLY
1:100 LEGEND
SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM In this house, the solar hot water system will mainly used to heat the hydronic heating system. during winter. The panel will transfer radiant heat from the sun to the HWS (hot water system) and heat up the water inside the tank. However, as less sun radiant heat could be gained in the late afternoon and the heating system starts to work, a gas booster will help to maintain the water temperature inside the tank. This system then helps reducing energy needs to heat up the water.
F DW
Summer Sun
Winter Sun o
Angled at 57 to maximise heat gain during winter, as hot water mostly needed in winter 57O
HWS
Cylindrical shape of the evacuated tubes make it effectively absorb more heat no matter where the sun position is during the day. The shape could absorb more morning, midday and afternoon solar heat than the flat plate solar panel.
LPD
57O
HWS
RAINWATER CATCHMENT and REUSE - WET SYSTEM Eventhough it is more complex to setup, this rainwater wet system can collect rainwater from all the roof surface that connected to the gutters.
Rainwater goes into the gutter
Downpipes are always full of water as they are installed at the same level of height Rainwater Tank Underground rainwater and potable water tank
As Melbourne rainfall is quite low, the data states that 18,749L of water will be used from the rainwater tank, and the rest 237,021L will be supplied from the potable water line. Rainwater then will be mixed with the potable water and treated (filtered) before connected and pumped to all appliances in the house.
On average, the daily water usage is 700L/day. Overflow to LPD Thus, the recommended tank size is 10,000L (tankulator.ata.org.au).
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
By using this system, occupants could get a government rebate for up to $1,876 as the government encourage residents to switch to renewable energy sources such as hot water system (apricus. com/rebate-guide)
ABOVE Apricus gas boosted solar heating system. These evacuated tubes will be mainly used as heat source for hydronic heating system. Image from Apricus website.
11
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
2.3 SEWER and GREYWATER
1:100 Pit
Garden Watering
LEGEND
SEWAGE SYSTEM All sewerage from toilet, dishwasher and kitchen sink will run through the sewerage pipes in a sloping gradient with the ratio of 1:20 to the sewer pit a the north side of the house. The sewages run waste with gravitational force. However, if the gradient is too slope the hard waste would stuck in the middle of the pipe as the liquid waste could run too fast which causing blockage. Moreover, it is very crucial to not make a 90o angle as it will block the movement of the waste and thus create blockage.
F DW
A sewer vent is put at the end of the sewage pipes to let methane gas out of the system and to maintain neutral air pressure in the pipes.
Garden Watering
Source: plumbingcircle.com
GREYWATER RECYCLING SYSTEM Greywater will be collected from bathroom sinks and showers and then stored into tank with plantation to filter the water before used for gardening. The filtered water then used for toilet flushing and gardening. This system is used to reduce the demand of potable water. But only water from bathroom sink and shower that can be used as water from kitchen sink and dishwasher may contain food traces that could lead to growth of decomposer bacterias. Water from shower and handwash goes into the greywater natural filter
Treated greywater for flush
Natural filters
Treated greywater for gardening
Excess greywater will out to sewage system to prevent bacteria growth
12
Greywater does contain some traces of soap, hair, grease, and other potential dirt from sinks and showers. However, it is safe to use once it is filtered. Greywater cannot be stored for more than 24 hours as nutrients start to break down making it produce bad odors. Therefore, any excess water will be flushed out to the sewage system. The filtration system itself will rely on gravity to reduce energy demand for additional pump that flows the greywater down.
Greywater is filtered in a natural filtration system, which uses reeds and course gravel to soak any waste water and filter traces in the water. The gravel will home some microorganisms that break down compounds suspended in the soil and simultaneously filter it as water runs through it. The plantation is used to deliver oxygen from air to the gravel and trigger the growth of microorganisms. Source: greywater.com
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
2.4 ACTIVE HEATING
1:100 LEGEND
HYDRONIC HEATING SYSTEM There are two types of hydronic heating system that are chosen: hydronic panel and hydronic in slab. Hydronic panel gets heat from the hot water system tank that delivered with pipes that run along the wall. Similarly, hydronic in slab also gets heat from the hot water system tank. However, the heat that distributed in the room is gained from radiant heat from the floor slab and then rises up to the room and ceiling. The heat is equally distributed with in slab heating as the source of heat is well spreaded all over the floor. In hydronic panel, the heat comes from the panel itself that is located on one side of the room. But as the area that needs to be heated is small, the heat itself could be equally distributed within the room as long as there is no opening or air leakage.
F DW
Hydronic heating system is an expensive system, but it has a low running cost as the house uses heat from solar energy. In the long-run, this system could be much cheaper than the electric heating system. Moreover, it produces no unpleasant odour and can be controlled individually for zoning purposes with thermostat.
HWS
T
As warm air rises up, hydronic in slab heating is more effective rather than reverse cycle AC Cut drawing of the hydronic in slab heating systemheating system that releases heat from ceiling level. Source: hydroheat.com.au Source: hydronic.com.au
This system allows zoning which is beneficial for this house, as it creates a more efficient usage of hot water to use fewer hot water to heat up space that is really used by the occupants. However, the disadvantages is the heating process takes a longer time for in slab heating as the pipes has to transfer heat to the concrete first before the concrete releases heat to the room. It could take half a day to heat up the room with in slab heating when the room temperature is cold. But once the concrete is warm enough it could store more heat so the heating effect will last longer.
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
H / HR Evacuated solar panel
T Hydronic heater
13
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
14
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
DESIGN for RESILIENCE ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
3 15
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
3.1 DESIGN for RESILIENCE
3.2 GREEN ROOF
DISASTER SCENARIO
EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF
Bushfire in the countryside will probably have no direct impact to the house. However, there is a chance of the fire to shut down electricity and water lines. As bushfire is usually occur in a very hot summer days, the temperature is expected to rise.
/Smaller grasses, herbs, and flowering herbaceous plants /Needs little maintenance /Efficient stormwater management /Low maintenance needs /Suitable for retrofit /Cost efficient /Create green space
Vegetation Growing medium (max. 200mm) Root repellent Drainage layer Insulation layer Waterproof membrane Structural support
MITIGATION STRATEGY First, keep calm. Second, make sure that the solar power system is working and the battery is full of chage. Also, make sure that rainwater system is working and the rainwater tank is full as water is very precious at this event. If there the rainwater tank is less than half full, go to nearest grocery centre and buy some bottled mineral waters. Things that certain is that the battery will be charged as in summer days the solar panels will generate lots of energy. However, the availability of fresh drinkable water is still questionable. There is a greywater tank but it is not obviously drinkable. The greywater can be used to make the grass and plantations wet so it could prevent dry vegetation to make fire. A news from the newspaper says that there will be a heat wave coming in the next few days and this will surely worsen the situation. Thankfully, the house is already equipped with double glazed windows and lots of shading. A pond on the side of the house will also cool down the temperature. However, the trees near the pond need to be cut a bit, especially those dry branches, to prevent them from firing. As there is no certainty of when will the power outage will end, then the usage of power must be really carefully monitored. The Tesla battery itself is only store a limited amount of energy. However, ceiling fan still can be turned on throughout the day as it only consume a little amount of electricity.
GREEN ROOF on ENERGY EFFICIENCY
GREEN ROOF COST (roof area: 100m2)
/House name /Roof area
: Galah : 121 m2
EXISTING /Total energy /Total runoff /Roof type
= 1287.3 kWh = 79.5 m3 = Cool (white roof)
/Waterproofing = $10,000 /Drainage and protection layers = $2,000 /Growing substrate, plants, and irrigation = $20,000 /Edge restraints = $200 /Paving, decking, flooring = $20,000 /Ballystrading = $6,000 /100000l tank, pump, and associated equipment = free (greywater) TOTAL = $58,200
PROPOSED /Roof type /%Proposed roof as green roof /Total energy after green roof /Total runoff after green roof
PERCENTAGE ENERGY REDUCTION
27.3% = Green roof (grass) = 80% = 935.3 kWh = 52.6 m3
PERCENTAGE RUNOFF REDUCTION
33.8%
The total cost is $58,200 or $582/m2. This cost is very expensive and even considering that it will provide more insulative layer and some other benefits I would personally think that once it built it has to be really well maintained and act as the protection for house resilience.
GREEN ROOF COST for RESILIENT HOUSE Flat green roof above the current wall structure, shape follows the current proposed roof plan
Green roof is one of the options to create additional insulation layer and also provide greeneries to the house. It could humidify and oxygenate the air land, create fire resistant roof as the soil stops them, and also could cool the local climate around the building. Moreover, in summer it could reduce 40% heat and keep 13% more heat in winter. This obviously will be beneficial during the heat wave. Looking at those advantages of having green roof, it is then advisable for people to start having it in their house. There are some types of green roof that could be chosen and one of them that people could grow veggies is the intensive system. However, this system requires a thicker roof structure as the roof structure has to support more soil and other green roof elements. This system can be used to produce some spare food stocks during disaster or drought. However, extra maintenance is needed for the intensive system.
Source: heraldsun.com.au
16
To conclude, if the client wants to have a simpler green roof, extensive system then should be considered. However, this system could not grow veggies or fruits as it only grow rockery type plants like small flowers and sedum varieties. ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406
17
ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems
Sept 2016 18
ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406