Book 2 | Sustainability and Design Report

ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS BOOK 2 | Sustainability and Design Report

Albertus Magnus Yudhistira 755406 ABPL20036 ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406

ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

CONTENTS

BOOK 1 | House Orientation, Design, and Services

1 House Overview 1.1 Site Plan 1.2 House Plan 2 Services

2.1 Electrical, Lighting, and Communications

2.2 Gas and Water Supply

2.3 Sewer and Greywater 2.4 Active Heating

3 Embodied Energy

BOOK 2 | Sustainability and Efficiency Options Report

1 Sitting and Orientation 2 Material Schedule 3 FirstRate Report 4 Services Choices 5 References

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

0 CLIENT OBJECTIVES Project Type: Residential Household: 2 adults, 2 kids Location: Melbourne, Victoria 3000

General Interests: 1.

Low energy usage for the house 2.

Does not matter to spend more capital cost as long as the running cost is lower than the other system 3.

Environmentally sustainable use of material and living 4.

Passive design to reduce electricity and energy usage 5.

Minimal 7 green star rating 6.

Active systems with high efficiency and less carbon footprint 7.

Modern and simplified appliances design 8.

Love to have large space for barbeque party with family or friends

Limitations: 1.

Rest of the family is away during the day and return at late afternoon 2.

One of the kids have allergy 3.

Mostly spend their time outside except for weekend where they usually stay at home

Special interests: 1.

Renewable energy, especially solar 2.

Maximising every recycle opportunities, such as greywater and rainwater 3.

Natural ventilation during summer 4.

Tropical feature of plantations 5.

Natural lighting during summer and winter 6.

Small pond 7.

Hi-tech appliances

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

1 SITTING and ORIENTATION 1.1 Sitting The site is situated between a single storey house on the west side and two double storey houses on the east side. The lot itself is 24m x 34m wide with a street on the south side and a laneway on the north side. It is unknown of what kind of building sits on the opposite side of the laneway in the north.

The house is positioned a bit to the south to prevent the risk of overshadowing from the unknown building in the north side. Moreover, as there is a gap between the two houses in the eastern side, this house is positioned to be able to catch morning winter sun that will enter the east bedroom.

1.2 Orientation The orientation of this house has been rotated from its original position so that the living space is now facing north and could receive more sunlight from the winter sun and thus reduce the need for heating energy. The sun path shows that the winter sun will be predominantly in the northern side of the site. Therefore, more window openings are designed for the wall that faces north, such as the living room and kitchen, to allow more heat from the sun entering the house. In summer, with the sliding door on the west side, this would allow summer southwest breeze to enter the living room and create a cooling effect during hot summer day. Some bedrooms that facing south also could get the summer breeze and air circulation which will cool down the temperature during the day and gives a more comfortable temperature during the night.

Furthermore, some deciduous trees are exist on the area and it will remain there to gives a cooler and fresher air during summer. A large empty space is also identified in the northern side of the house which by creating an open space area with grass/vegetation, fewer heat will be stored on the surface during summer and thus could reduce the urban heat island effect.

This justification is trying to balance the need for winter heating and summer cooling. However, due to the awareness of climate change which affect the global temperature, consideration for summer passive cooling is then more into concern on how to reduce the heat waves effect.

1.3 Design choices This house is designed to be passively lose heat during summer and maximise heat gain during winter. In winter, radiant heat will be absorbed by the masonry brick which located on the inner side of the house, while keeping it during the night so there is no need for extra energy usage for heating. The reverse brick veneer with insulation wall type is chosen as clay brick has the ability to store and keep more heat. This system also allows heat to be trapped inside the room. Double glazed windows are also used to prevent heat loss from the window. Moreover, thick insulation is placed in the ceiling to maintain heat inside the house as ceiling and roof is usually contribute much to the heat loss exit point.

Hydronic heating system is chosen as it is cheaper to run and more comfortable when in operation, as it does not produce toxic and smelly odour. A solar evacuated tubes panel will be used to heat up the water and then used in the hydronic heating system. Similarly, a pv monocrystalline solar panels will be used as the main source for electricity during the day and night. During weekdays when fewer activities happened in the house during daytime, the energy will be stored to the battery and used for the night time. However, in weekend the energy will be used for most of the appliances during the daytime and in the night the occupants could use either excess energy from the solar panels or electricity from the main line. Those solar energy system is chosen as they are renewable and does produce much lower carbon footprints. These system also can save a lot of running cost for the occupants.

In summer, large windows and openings are designed to let summer breeze enter the house and circulate the air inside to bring the warm air out. By having a stacked ventilated windows above the living room, it is possible to have a stacked cross ventilation and let the warm air from the ground rises up and out via the stacked ventilation.

Very thick insulation is necessary for house located in southern hemisphere like Melbourne. This will create a more effective passive heating effect for the house as insulation will prevent heat from getting out of the house. By having a thick and good insulation, the needs for heating energy could be greatly reduced and thus saving a lot of cost and prevent more carbon production, which surely contribute much to the climate change.

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

2 MATERIAL SCHEDULE 2.1 Roof

2.2 Ceiling

2.3 Wall

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

2.4 Floors

2.5 Doors and Windows

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

3 FIRSTRATE5 REPORT

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406

ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

FIRSTRATE REPORT INITIAL STAR RATING: 1.4* 1

Floors: +1.3*

Changed to waffle pod insulation R2.5

2

Walls: +2.4**

Reverse brick veneer with R2.5 insulation for external wall Plywood wall with R2.0 insulation

3

Ceilings: +2.4**

Ceiling: R6.0 insulation

4

Windows: +0.7*

All windows - Double glazed with argon fill and one with air fill Widen the living room window

5

Air leakage: +0.4*

Exhaust fan sealing: bathroom, ensuite, kitchen/living, and WC

FINAL STARS: 8.6********

ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406

ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

4 SERVICES CHOICE - ACTIVE PASSIVE COOLING HEATING 4.1

Solar Evacuated Tubes: Apricus Australia

As explained in Book 1, by using evacuated tubes, more sunlight can be effectively absorbed than the regular flat plate solar panel from early morning to late afternoon. Also, the manufacturer (Apricus) claims that user can save up to 80% on water heating bill, which is a great deal and fit to the client's objective to save on running cost. Moreover, this product could retain up to 95% of the solar energy it captures, which means more heat could gained. The panel then will be tilted around 57o as it is mostly needed in winter, or when the sun is on the northern hemisphere.

4.2

Photovoltaic Array Solar: Trina Solar

16 monocrystalline solar panels will be installed as the client wants to maximise the use of solar energy for his house. According to energymatters.com.au, this house ideally has to have a 5 kilowatt PV system, thus as one Tallmax M Plus solar panel produces 325-345 watt of energy so it is ideally to have 16 panels of solar system. The manufacturer claims that it is 17.8% more efficient in terms of production and usage. Monocrystalline solar panel tends to have a higher efficiency and importantly could resist with winter temperature than polycrystalline panel. However, during hot summer day the monocrystalline panel would produce less energy than the polycrystalline panel.

4.3

Ceiling Fan: Aeratron Australia

This house is designed to maximise passive cooling from summer breeze. However, in order to create additional cooling effect in bedroom and living room when there is no wind, the client wants to add some ceiling fans. The Aeratron AE3 50� 3 Blade DC ceiling fan is a good choice as it is already efficient by design and more quite. In terms of energy consumption, it only consumes 3.7 to 18 watt of energy depends on the speed. Moreover, a 6 watt LED light (Warm White 650 Lumens) will be included as the client wants to have attach the light under the fan. The client is also concern about the environmental issue and this product is a right choice as it is also ecologically sensitive in packaging and consume much less energy.

4.4

Exhaust Fan: Martec Australia

The client also wants his appliances to be stylish and modern. Therefore this Gyro exhaust fan is the answer. The Gyro features 240 m3 of extraction per hour and also quite in operation. Not just having the removable grill to make it easier to clean the fan, Gyro also equipped with turbo fan blade, creating a faster smelly odour absorption.

4.5

Solar Battery: Tesla Powerwall

As this house is equipped with solar panels and client's activity is mainly during the night, having a home battery is then essential. Becoming the new hits in town, Tesla Home Battery Powerwall will store energy generated from solar panels. Beautiful and modern in design, Tesla Powerwall also use lithium ion battery which is safer and more efficient. Each Powerwall has a 6.4 kWh energy storage capacity and enough to supply energy during the evening using electricity generated during the day. One Tesla Powerwall is enough for 2.7x washing machine use, 2x dryer use, 4 days of refrigerator, 128 hours of laptop, 64 hours of lights per room, and 64 hours of flat screen TV watching.

4.6

Hydronic in slab heating: Bosch Heating

As explained before in Book 1, the hydronic heating system has lots of advantages such as: low running cost, non-smelly, silent, can be zoned, and heat distributed by radiation. With thermostat, heating can be controlled according to zoning. In slab heating method is used rather than the newer in screed method, as heat will be stored in concrete and thus could keep the heat longer. Using polythene embedded in the concrete, the water inside the tube is heated with 50oC water from the solar hot water system and hot water tank. Even though it uses solar energy to warm up the water, gas is still needed to boost the water or to keep the water temperature warm. As the client is usually home at night, the water might be cool a bit so it still need gas to reheat the water a bit. pipe EcoSmart 9 l/min is then selected to be installed in all of his showers. A standard showerhead usually uses 15 to 25 litres of water per minute and this product only consumes 9 litres of water per minute. Moreover, it has a safety lock at 40oC to prevent overheating. In relation to the hot water, it has an adjustable hot water limitation option to limit hot water usage.

4.7

Hydronic panel heating: Bosch Heating

Very similar with hydronic in slab heating system. However, this system will spread heat from the panel that attached to the wall. As the room that needs to be heated is relatively small and the time spent at that room is not that much, hydronic panel heating is just enough.

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

4.8

Hot water system: EcoSmart Gas Booster Solar

The client wants to have a gas boosted solar hot water as it mixes the heating source from solar and gas. In winter, when the whole day is raining and the sun does not come out, heating can still be provided with the gas booster. Accordingly, Intelligent HybridTM Solar from EcoSmart is chosen as it has low MJ gas consumption, costs only $36 p.a. and produce only 0.20 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions p.a. In winter, the clients only take a shower once a day during the night (half of the normal rate in summer) and thus the tank size for hot water is 315L.

4.9

Shower: Hansgrohe

The client realises that shower is one of the aspects that contribute a lot in the water consumption. Raindance Select S 240 1jet Showerpipe EcoSmart 9 l/min is then selected to be installed in all of his showers. A standard showerhead usually uses 15 to 25 litres of water per minute and this product only consumes 9 litres of water per minute. Moreover, it has a safety lock at 40oC to prevent overheating. In relation to the hot water, it has an adjustable hot water limitation option to limit hot water usage.

4.10

Rainwater tank: Colorbond and Rotoplus

This 10,000 l tank will store rainwater and installed before the rainwater mixed with water from water mains. In addition, an underground 5,000 l tank will mix and store rainwater and mains before filtered and pumped into the house water service system.

4.11

Greywater system: Constructed wetlands

The clients want to make their diy-greywater system with their children together, so they propose the constructed wetlands filtration system.

This system will absorb nutrients and particles from greywater with gravels and vegetation (reeds) before sent out for gardening and toilet use.

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

5 REFERENCES Aeratron. (2015). Aeratron ceiling fan. Retrieved from http://aeratronaustralia.com.au/aeratron-ae3-50-3-blade-dc-ceil ing-fan Apricus. (2015). How the Apricus evacuated tube collector works. Retrieved from http://www.apricus.com.au/apricus-solar-collector/ Asc Water Tanks. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.asctanks.com.au/ Bradford. (2016). Roofing. Retrieved from http://www.bradfordinsulation.com.au/home-insulation/roofing Bradford. (2016). Walls. Retrieved from http://www.bradfordinsulation.com.au/home-insulation/walls/ Choices flooring. (2016). Embelton. Retrieved from http://www.choicesflooring.com.au/bamboo-flooring-range/embelton-bamboo/?swatch=natural-smooth-finish Ecofilms Australia. (2011). Building an urban greywater reedbed. Retrieved from http://www.ecofilms.com.au/building-an-urban-greywater-reedbed/ Ecosmart Solar. (2014). Intelligent hybrid gas boosted solar hot water. Retrieved from http://www.ecosmart.com.au/products/gas-boosted-solar Foster Hydronic Heating. (2016). Hydronic heating. Retrieved from http://www.hydronic.com.au/hydronic-heating/ Greywater Action. (2015). About greywater reuse. Retrieved from http://greywateraction.org/contentabout-greywater-reuse/ Gyprock. (2016). Gyprock plus. Retrieved from http://www.gyprock.com.au/Pages/Products/Plasterboard/Plus.aspx Hansgrohe International. (2016). Raindance select. Retrieved from http://www.hansgrohe-int.com/articledetail-raindance-select-raindance-select-s-240-1jet-showerpipe-ecosmart-9-l-min-27116000.html?fsid=0x00007B81000074C10000771100006CC100007761&pageid=c2d012ca-3f18-4b39-b162-1840b397983a&q= James Hardie. (2016). Sycone linea weatherboard. Retrieved from http://www.jameshardie.com.au/products/external-cladding/scyon-linea-weatherboard/ Lockwood. (2015). Lockwood elevation electric window actuator. Retrieved from http://www.lockweb.com.au/en/site/ lockweb/lockwood-products/electromechanical-solutions/electric-window-control-system/elevation-electric-window-actuator/ Martec. (2016). Gyro. Retrieved from http://www.martecaustralia.com.au/products/gyro/

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

Masters. (2016). Ironwood treated pine decking. Retrieved from https://www.masters.com.au/product/900015187/ironwood-treated-pine-decking-90mm-x-22mm-x-4-8m Seal a crete. (2015). Seal-a-crete. Retrieved from http://www.sealacrete.com.au/product/sealacrete/ Stegbar. (2016). Timber windows. Retrieved from http://www.stegbar.com.au/Products/Windows/Timber Tesla Motors. (2016). Tesla powerwall. Retrieved from https://www.tesla.com/en_AU/powerwall Trinasolar. (2016). Tallmax M Plus. Retrieved from http://www.trinasolar.com/us/product/TALLMAX-M-PLUS.html Wafflepod. (2015). Waffle pods. Retrieved from http://www.wafflepod.com/products/moreinfo.php

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ABPL20036 Environmental Building Systems

Sept 2016 ALBERTUS MAGNUS YUDHISTIRA | 755406