ESCALERAS by Alejandro Bolaños Valverde

!"#$%!&$" '#()"*&+##,-).,,,/

$%!0$)1&(.2(%$3(" 0$4,!&....!%,5()1(..!6 $&78..9!&)$)1(......&:(".. ;<......0+),(....1!%.....;=>;

)1,#!

TEMA 3-5: 6-7: 8-9: 10-11: 12-13: 14-15 16-17:

TEMA Y FUNCIÓN HISTORIA DE LAS ESCALERAS TIPOS DE ESCALERAS Y COMPONENTES RELACION DE COMPONENTES Y ESCALERAS FIJAS TIPOS DE ESCALERAS POR SU USO, MECANISMO Y NUMERO DE TIROS ESCALERAS DE DOS TRAMOS ESCALERAS DE UN TRAMO

II. PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO 20: ENCOFRADO DE ESCALERA 21: DOBLADO Y MONTADO DE ARMADURAS 22: CHORREADO DE HORMIGON 23: DESENCOFRADO Y CURADO DEL HORMIGON 24-27: DETALLES TIPICOS DE ESCALERAS

III. PLANOS TÉCNICOS 30-31: 32: 33-34: 35-39:

UBICACION Y PLANTAS VISTAS CORTES DIAGRAMAS 3D DE ESCALERA E ISOMÉTICO

IV. HERRAMIENTAS, EQUIPOS 42-43: HERRAMIENTAS DE USO

V. GLOSARIO VI. ANEXOS

!"#$%!&$"8 *!A$.

!@. BCDEF.GH.@F.BCIDEJKBBLMIN. OJCBHDC.P.KDC.GH.@FD.HDBF@HJFD.HI.@F.FJQ RKLEHBEKJFN. HD. LIGLDOHIDFS@H. F. @F. TCJF. GH. BCIBHSLJ. FJRKLEHBEKJF. H@. HIEHIGLQ ULHIEC.GH.@F.BF@LGFG.HDOFBLF@N.GH.@F.EVBQ ILBF. P. OJCBHDC. BCIDEJKBELWC. GH. @FD. ULDUFD. P. BCUC. DH. @CXJF. HIEHIGHJ. H@. GHEF@@H.F.EJFWVD.GH.KI.O@FIC6.!@.EHUF.DH. HDOHBLF@LYF.HI.H@.GHEF@@H.EZOLBC.GH.HDBFQ @HJFD..GH.BCIBJHEC.BKPC.KDC.HD.H@.U[D. OJHGCULIFIEH.HI.#CDEF.&LBF6.

\.7+]..!"..^ %$. 1!9,),#,-). 1,#!8

1!.

1,##,()$&,(.

_%F.HDBF@HJF.HD.@F.HDEJKBEKJF..RKH.ELHIH. BCUC.OJLIBLOF@.CS`HELWC.BCUKILBFJ.GCD. HDOFBLCD. GLaHJHIEHD. RKH. DH. TFPFI. DHQ OFJFGCD. OCJ. KIF. GLDEFIBLF. GHEHJULIFQ GF6. !DEF. HDEJKBEKJF. HD. KIF. BCIDEJKBQ BLMI. . RKH. FWFIYF. GH. UFIHJF. GLFXCIF@. HI.HDF.GLDEFIBLF.F.OFJELJ.GH.@F.DKOHJOCQ DLBLMI.GH.HDBF@CIHD.C.GH.OH@GFbCD.RKH. @LULEFI. H@. HDaKHJYC. C. @F. GLaLBK@EFG. GH. FBBHDC.F@.UZILUC6.cFP.GCD.aCJUFD.S[Q DLBFD. GH. HDBF@HJFD8. EHIHUCD. OCJ. KI. @FGC.F.@FD.HDBF@HJFD.UMWL@HDN.OCJ.@C.XHQ IHJF@. O@HXFS@HDN. ULHIEJFD. RKH. OCJ. CEJC. EFUSLVI. HDE[I. @FD. HDBF@HJFD. aL`FDN. GH. UFPCJ.EFUFbCN.@CIXLEKG.P.F@EKJFN.HDOHQ BLF@UHIEH. GLDHbFGFD. OFJF. BCUKILBFJ. GH.UFIHJF.OHJUFIHIEH.GCD.FUSLHIEHD. GLaHJHIEHD6d.e$2#.GLBBLCIFJLCf

?...

%$.9+)#,-)

......

aKIBLMI.

"K. BCUC.LIGLBF.@F.GHaLILBLMI.HD.BCUKILBFJ.GCD.HDOFQ BLCD. RKH. HDEVI. aJFBBLCIFGCD. OCJ. KIF. GLDEFIBLF. GHEHJULIFGF. . OJLIBLQ OF@UHIEH.HI.DHIELGC.WHJELBF@6 .

BCUKILBFBLMI.

)C. DC@C. BKUO@H. KIF. aKIBLMI. GH. GH@. KDKFJLC. HIEJH. HDOFBLCDN. EFUSLVI. BKUO@H. KIF. aKIBLMI. GH. BFJ[BEHJ.

FJRKLEHBEMILBC. FGCIGH. @F. HDBF@HJF. DH. LIWC@KBJF. HI. @F. DHIDLSL@LGFG.GH@.HDOFBLCN.OJHEHIGH.HUSH@@HBHJ.H@.HDOFBLC.BCUC.H@HQ UHIEC. GH. FJRKLEHBEKJF. P. FGHU[D. GH. HDC. BKUO@LJ. BCI. DK. aKIBLMI. GH. BCUKILBFBLMI6. !D. OCJ. @F. aKIBLMI. FJRKLEHBEMILBF. P. GH. GLDHbC. RKH. HgLDEHI. KI. DLI. IhUHJC.GH.HDBF@HJFD.GH.GLaHJHIEHD.aCJUFDN.EFUFbCDN.BC@CJHDN.P.UFQ EHJLF@HD6.."LI.HUSFJXC.HDEF.LIWHDELXFBLMI.ELHIH.BCUC.OJLIBLOF@.CS`HELWC. @F.HgO@LBFBLMI.P.HIEHIGLULHIEC.GH.@F.HDBF@HJF.EZOLBF.GH.BCIBJHEC.BKPC. KDC.WF.F.DHJ.BCUhI.HI.@FD.BCIDEJKBBLCIHD.GH.#CDEF.&LBF6.

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

*4(1-(;8.7328-(6/(1-.(/.0-1/2-.(/.7-.(.52:8/234(?289/23(0393(.31508E4(-(54(?23I1/9-(03402/73=( -54<5/(-D3.(6/.?5>.(./(/403472E(/4(,;84-(1-(?289/2-(/.0-1/2-(6/(:2-4873(<5/(11/L-I-(-(1-(934N 7-D-(.-:2-6-(/4($-8(#;-4=(/.73(84680-(<5/(54-(6/(1-.(578186-6/.(<5/(./(1/(683(-(1-.(/.0-1/2-.(/4(.5( ;8.7328-(A5/(034(A84/.(2/18:83.3.H(,34A5083(/4(54-(6/(.5.(;8.7328-.(680/(;-I/2(.5I863(/.7-(/.0-1/2-( ;-.7-(1-(089-(/4(/1(-D3(OO(-47/.(6/(028.73H(+-(/.0-1/2-(./2LB-(/4(./47863(A8:52-63(?-2-(-.0/46/2(-( 1-(-1752-(68L84-=(0393(034/C8E4(/472/(1-(78/22-(K(/1(08/13H(%723.(/@/9?13.(6/(/.0-1/2-.(034.72586-.( 034(A84/.(2/18:83.3.(.34P(1-(/.0-1/2-(IBI180-(6/(Q-03I=(1-(7322/(6/(I-I/1=(1-(05-1(/2-(54-(7322/(;/18N 0386-1=(1-.(?82M986/.(6/(*:8?73(<5/(0347-I-4(034(/.0-134/.=(1-(11-9-6-(/.0-1/2-(0/1/.78-1(6/(#;-4N 754:(/4(,;84-(K(1-.(/.0-1/2-.(-.7234E980-.(6/(1-("468-=(54-(?-278051-286-6(6/(1-.(/.0-1/2-.(6/(1-( "468-(/.(<5/(/.7-.(7/4B-4(7-9I8>4(578186-6/.(08/47BA80-.(-6/9M.(6/(2/18:83.-.H($36-.(/.7-.(/.0-1N /2-.(78/4/4(-1:3(/4(039R4=(/.7-.(.89I318J-4(/1(-.0/4.3(K(/472/:-(;-08-(1-(15J=(/1(.31=(K(;-08-(/1( 0-9843(6/(13.(683./.H

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

!"#$%&'(&(%)*+(,*% -./&012/304/&01&5./&26.17452289.&:810;/:/&</4/&26=5.82/4& >/4861&01</2861&1875/:61&/&:8?040.701&/3754/1@&(17A&26.?64B =/:/&<64&012/36.01&C<03:/;61D&E&<50:0&:81<6.04&:0&>/4861& 74/=61&0.740&361&:012/.161&C=0107/1&6&4033/.61D@ #50:0.&104&?8F/1G&74/.1<647/H301&6&=9>8301@&*&3/&012/304/& /=<38/G&I0.04/3=0.70&/47J1782/&6&=6.5=0.7/3&10&3/&33/=/&01B 2/38./7/@&+/&74/.1<647/H30&6&K:0&=/.6LG&03/H64/:/&26.& =/:04/G&2504:/&6&/=H61&=/7048/301G&10&3/&:0.6=8./&012/3/@& *M5033/&25E61&<03:/;61&10&:01<3/N/.&=02A.82/=0.70&10& 33/=/&012/304/&=02A.82/@

!"#$"%&%'&()*&)+%,)&(!,-&., +/0)12304150)67809):1)6;<57309)12=;)3>?@A12=0):1)@14:0B>29)C)4>2)27DA71/=12)141?1/=>2E F0/302E)402)G7D02)7/347/0:02)HA1)275G1/):1)0@>C>)0)4>2)@14:0B>2I *1230/2>29)?121=02)>)51440/>2E)4>2)141?1/=>2)J>57F>/=0412)1/)HA1)=15?7/0)30:0) =50?>I $14:0B>2)>)12304>/12E)4>2)141?1/=>2):1)A/)=50?>)HA1)275G1/)@050)0@>C05)14)@71I 40)JA1440)>)@720)12)40)F>/0)J>57F>/=04):14)12304K/)>)@14:0B>)1/):>/:1)21)0271/=0)14)@71I 40)3>/=50JA1440)>)=0<730)12)40)@05=1)G15=7304):14)12304K/L '0?<7M/)@A1:1):72@>/15):1E #0?@154;/E)472=K/):1)?0:150)3>/)HA1)21)DA05/131)14)<>5:1):1)4>2)@14:0B>2)1/)402) 123041502):1)6;<5730L)(A141)215):1)6>5?0)51:>/:10:09)C)2><5120475)47D150?1/=1):1)40) =0<730L N0/HAO/E)@71F0)HA1)513A<51)40)@05=1)7/6157>5):1)40)@051:9)0)?>:>):1)@1HA1B>)FK304>)>) 5>:0@7ML ,:1?;29)2A141)=1/15)A/0)<050/:7440):1)@5>=1337K/)51?0=0:0)1/)A/)@020?0/>2)@050) :>=0540):1)21DA57:0:)C)603747=05)2A)=5;/27=>L ->2)12304>/12)21)0@>C0/)2><51)A/0)12=5A3=A509)0)?>:>):1)G7D02)7/347/0:029)HA1)5137P <1/)14)/>?<51):1)F0/302I)2A141/)215):1)?AC):7G152>2)?0=1570412E)?0:1509)0315>9) J>5?7DK/9)1=3L

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

!"#$%!&$"'()*$"+ !,-./01.'-203.+'.450//.'06'450'67' 082,90'56':50-7';0192-./'06910'/7,'<2= ;01,7,'91.>7,'450',0',7/.?.6@ !,-./01.'-76'<0,-.6,7,'7'10//.67,+' .450//.'-5A7,'91.>7,'0,9B6',0?.1.= <7,'?71'<0,-.6,7,@ !,-./01.'-5.<1.<.+'/.'<0'91.>7,' 235./0,'?71'-5.917'/.<7,C'A'.'0,= -5.<1.@ !,-./01.'<0'2<.'A';50/9.+'/.'450'92060' ,5,'91.>7,'06'<7,',0692<7,'7?50,= 97,@ !,-./01.'<0'-.1.-7/+'/.'450',0'-76= ,915A0'-76'91.>7,'<0'D71>.'-21-5/.1' .,-06<0690@ !,-./01.'2>?012./+'/.'450'?7,00'56' 91.>7'<0'2<.'A'<7,'91.>7,'<0';50/9.' >B,'0,910-:7,C'?.1./0/7,'./'?12>017' A'/.901./0,@

!"#$%&'(&(%)*+(,*% #-.&/0&0/(/1234.2&54&6714756-/&-&54&0.847162/9&32&:04&/6.;4& <2.2&4;2102.&07&456=616-&47&12/-&54&6714756-&0&->.-& >6<-&54&12>?/>.-=4/@&%0434&4/>2.&/6>0252&47&43&4A>4.6-.& 54&32&456=61216B7C&-&47&43&67>4.6-.&54&07&.4167>-&<.->4D 865-&E45627>4&E0.-/&F&<04.>2/&.4/6/>474/&23&=048-@ (/1234.2&54&/4.;616-9&32&54/>67252&23&0/-&543&/4.;616-C& 54&E47-.&6E<-.>27162&:04&32&<.6716<23&G41G2&<2.2& =21636>2.&32&16.103216B7@ (/1234.2&G0.>2529&32&56/6E03252@

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

.-/0&%#0$*%$/10+#"$+#0)"-

.-/0&%#0$*%$1'$+#0)"$/1#:"$/"'$%-/0&"'%-$/")4%'-0*"-

!"#$%&$'()%#"$*%$+,#".-/0&%#0$*%$1'$+,#"2$/10'*"$+"*"-$-1-$+#0)"-$-%$03#140'$%'$,310&$*,#%//,5'$6$-%'+,*"7$1'"$+#0-$"+#"8 .-/0&%#0$*%$*"-$+,#"-92$/10'*"$0&31'"-$+#0)"-$-%$03#140'$%'$1'0$*,#%//,5'$6$-%'+,*"$6$%&$#%-+"$%'$ "+#"$-%'+,*"$6$"+#0$*,#%//,5'8 .+/8

.-/0&%#0$*%$*"-$+#0)"-

!"#$%&'(&(%)*+(,*% (%)*+(,*&'(&'$%&!,*-$%&,()!$%&)$.&'(%)*.%$&'(&-('"*& /0(+!*

!"#$%!&$'(!'()"'*&$+)"'!,'-,./%)'&!#*)'#),'(!"#$,") #0112340562'7'87'92:01'78;2157;<=7'4717'87'410>2??<@5'62'23?782173'25'3A421B<?<2'>'2347?<0'126A?<60C "<'401'12DA21<9<25;03'62'3A421B<?<2'>'2347?<0'32'52?23<;7'6<39<5A<1'87'805E<;A6'628'32EA560';1790'62' 87'23?78217F'23'B7?;<G82'?05=21;<1'28'623?7530'62'87'9<397'25';123'42867H03'?0942537603F'78;2157;<=7' DA2'32'412325;7'25'28'4A5;0

)IJ+"'(!'!"#$%!&$" !"#$%!&$'(!')&$*+'&!#)+ !,-.'/,'0.'.0-/12.-34.'56/'7.891'092:3-6;'1/563/1/'<.1.',6'<198/==3>2?'1/,</=-9';/'0.',6</1@3=3/'A-30' ;/'0.'4343/2;.B "32'/7C.1:9?'/,'0.'.0-/12.-34.'7D,'@D=30';/'7.-/13.03E.1?'</19'-3/2/'0.':1.2';/,4/2-.F.'56/'/2',6' <198/==3>2'G913E92-.0'1/563/1/'62'0.1:9';/'/,=.0/1.'/H-/2,9?'09'=6.0'76=G.,''4/=/,'29'/,'@.=-3C0/';/' ,906=392.1'8'6C3=.1'/2'4343/2;.,';/'1/;6=3;.',6</1@3=3/'A-30B

!"#$%!&$'(!')*'+&$,-'#-*' !"#$%!&$'(!'(-"'+&$,-"'!*' $&&$*.)!'(!')*'#)$&+-'(!' K*L)%-'&!#+-'#-*'1!%($2-"' /)!%+$'0'1!%($2-"'#-,1!*"$3 #-,1!*"$(-" !567'7?6=:A76E@7'=5'?7'<=';7F9:''=8E>E=A>E7'=A'>C7A69' (-"4 7?'C59'F'7D:9@=>H7;E=A69'<='?7'5CD=:8E>E='M6E?':=N3 !567'89:;7'<='=5>7?=:7'98:=>='?7'@=A67B7'<='9>CD7:' CA7';=A9:'5CD=:8E>E='=A'5C'D:9F=>>EGA'H9:EI9A67?J

C=:E<7J

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/

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

!"#$%!"&'&(")*%+,&!,&%-(%!.-%/ ,0&1230412&5&6278412&19&04:&47;41<74:&:97=&7940>?412&19&46<9712&4&04:&;91>14:&19&02:&@04A2:&9:87<6B 8<7409:C $4&47;41<74&02AD>8<1>A40&:97=&62026414&:2379&D400984:C& $2:&E>9772:&19&04&47;41<74&874A:F97:40&:97=A&:<G98412:&4&02:&E>9772:&19&04&47;41<74&02AD>8<1>A40&62A&04& :9@4746>HA&>A1>6414&9A&02:&@04A2:&9:87<68<7409:C *214:&04:&>A897:966>2A9:&19&04:&47;41<74:&1939A&:97&4;477414:&62A&404;379C

!"#$%&'!!("#)*+)+$!,-+&,$ !."&&+,*")*+)."&/(0"# +1)23456789):;4<)=>?6>@3)@;)>?A;4@3)?39)1>:);:B;?6C6?>?639;:)@;)B4;B>4>?689)D)BA;:E>);9)3F4>) EFM IPSNJHÊO +1)=>?6>@3):;4<)4;>16G>@3);5B;G>9@3)@;)1>)B>4E;)5>:)F>H>)2>?6>)>446F>)B>4>);=6E>4)IA;);1)5>E;46>1) :;)@6:74;7A;J

!"#"$%&'()*&+ ,-.*"#"$%&'()*&.*".-)."#%)-"().#"(/.(")-01)*&.%2)$*&."-.3&(4056$.3)7).)-%)$1)*&.-).("#0#8"$%0).%0-9$: *(0%).;<=.*9)#>?

@2()*&+ &M DVSBEP EF MBT FTDBMFSBT TFS¸ SFBMJ[BEP EVSBOUF MPT QSJNFSPT EÄBT EFTQVÀT EFM WBDJBEP NFEJBOUF 2$.("5)*&.%&$#8)$8".%&$.)52)?.

!"#$%%"&'!"'"&($%")$&

III

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ ;k

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ +2,#$#,-).1!.!"#$%!&$.!).j%$)*$.

!"#$%!&$.$.1,2+0$& ?=

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ j%$)*$.1!*$%%!

*&0&$&*&+&(&%&0&&&"&1&2&#&'&0

!"#$%#&'(&'(%#""(&()*#"(+#) ,-./

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ 4,"*$"

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ #(&*!"

1!*$%%!.1!.+),-).!"#$%!&Qj$&!1. >8>=

'j%$)(".*!#),#("/ #(&*!"

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/ 1!.!"#$%!&$.1!.j&(n!#*(

m>8.

BCIDEJKBBLMI.GH.aCJUFQ @HEF.P.OKIEF@HD.OKHDECD.HI.H@.DLELCN. HDEF. GH. @F. aCJUF. P. OFKEF. LILBLF@. OFJF.H@.GHDFJJC@@C.GH.@F.ULDUF !I.@FD.BCIDEJKBBLCIHD.DH.KEL@LYF.@F. aCJUF@HEF. BCUC. SFDH. GH. BCIDQ EJKBBLMI.GH.@F.HDBF@HJF.OFJF.CJLHIQ EFJ.P.@CBF@LYFJ.@FD.WFJL@@FD.HDEJKBEKQ JF@HD.BCI.UFPCJ.OJHBLDLMI6..

j+)*$%!"

9(&A$%!*$.,),#,$%.1!. A$1!&$.

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/ 1!.!"#$%!&$.1!.j&(n!#*(.'!"*&+#*&+$/

1!*$%%!.1!.+),()!".1!..4$&,%%$

m;8.

"H.HIEJH@FYFI.H.LIDE@FI.WFJL@@FD.N.XFIQ BTCDN. . P. SFDECIHD. OFJF. @F. aCJUFBLMI. GH. @F. HDEJKBEKJF.RKH.FXKFIEFJ[.H@.BCIBJHECN.HDEF.GHDQ OKVD.DH.BTCJJHF.BCI`KIEC.BCI.@F.aCJUF@HEF6. %FD.WFJL@@FD.DH.HIEJH@FYFI.BCI.@FD.WLXFD.GH..OFJHG. C. @FD. OFJHGHD. XHIHJFIGC. KILCIHD. aLJUHD. P. OCJ. HIGH. @F. HDBF@HJF. GH. BCIBJHEC. EZOLBF. @@HXF. F. @HWFIEFJDH.F.OJLIBLOLCD.GH.@F.CSJF.P.@@HXF.F.DHJ.GH. XJFI. LUOCJEFIBLF. GHSLGC. F. DK. . aKIBLCIF@LGFG. OFJF.H@.EJFIDOCJEH.GH.UFEHJLF@HD6.

1!*$%%!.1!.4$&,%%$.",).9(&A$%!*$

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/ 1!.!"#$%!&$.1!.j&(n!#*(.'!)#(9&$1(/

1!*$%%!.1!.9(&A$%!*$.n.4$&,%%$.

.m?..

"H.EHJULIF.GH.aCJUFJ.@F.aCJUF@HEF. GH`FIGC. HgOKHDEFD. @FD. TKH@@FD. RKH. DCI. ILWH@FQ GFD. F. UFICN. DH. TFBH. KIF. aCJUF@HEF. OFJF. @F.. BCIEJFTKH@@F. P. DH. WLHJEH. H@. BCIBJHECN. @KHXC. DH. WLSJF. OFJF. HWLEFJ. @CD. _TCJULXKHJCDd. C. FXK`HJCD. HI.@F.HDEJKBEKJF.CBFDLCIFGCD.OCJ.FLJH6."H.UC`F. OFJF.@@HXFJ.F.KIF.JHDLDEHIBLF.MOELUF6..

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/ 1!.!"#$%!&$.1!.j&(n!#*(.'$#$2$1(/

1!*$%%!.1!.$#$2$1(.8.#()&!*(.%+0$1(

.ml

"H. JHELJF. @F. aCJUF@HEF. GH. UFIHJF. CJGHIFGF.8.GH.FJJLSF.TFBLF.FSF`C.P. DH.GF.H@.FBFSFGC.GHDHFGC.OFJF.H@. BCIBJHECN. HI. HDEH. BFDC. DHJ[. GH. BCIBJHEC. @K`FGC. OCJ. @FD. HDOHBLaLQ BFBLCIHD. RKH. LIGLBF. H@. O@FIC6. !@. FBFSFGC. GH`F. F. @F. HDBF@HJF. HI. CSJF.XJLD.C.EHJULIFGF.DL.GHDHFGF6.

'j&(#!"(.#()"*&+#*,4(/ 1!.!"#$%!&$.1!.j&(n!#*(.',"(A!*&,#(/ $)#%$0!."+j!&,(&.1!. !"#$%!&$.$.j$&!16

9(&A$%!*$

j+)*$%!".1!."(j(&*!

q$)#c(". 1!. 4$&,Q %%$ml.$.#$1$.>i.#A

$A$&&!. 1!. 4$&,%%$. $.j$&!1

4$&,%%$". 1!. $A$&&!. c(&,5()Q *$% #,A,!)*(. 1!. !"#$Q %!&$

!"##$%&"'($)* +,

Q"'*R#S"'T

!"##$%&"'($) -./* 0122.34156./* 764849.:./* 15* 8.* ;<5/627;;4=5* :1* 1/;.812./* /<5* :1* >2.5* 43?<26.5;4.* .* 315;4<5.2* @.* A71* 1/*51;1/.24<*18*15615:434156<*:1*188./* ?.2.*18*3.51B<*15*18*;./<*:1*1/61*?2<C @1;6<* :1* 75.* 1/;.812.* 6D?4;.* :1* ;<5C ;216<

* E5.* 31/;8.:<2.F* ?.2.* 8.* 31/;8.* :1* ;<5;216< E5.*1/?G678.F*3.51B<*:1*;<5;216< H.2216488<* @* ?.8.F* ?.2.* 62.5/?<261* :1* ;<5;216<*15*;./<*:1*A71**5<*1I4/6.*75.* 88.3.:.* J* ;0<3?4?.K* <* 3.A745.* :1* ;0<221<*:1*;<5;216<L* %.:12.*?.2.*8.*M<23.816. #1>8./*N4O2.561/F*?.2.*N4O2.2*18*;<5216<* @*3.5615128<*.*54N18L E5*54N18F*?.2.*./1>72.2/1*A71*5<*1I4/6.* 545>P5*64?<*:1*?15:41561*15*8.*07188.

Q"'*R#S"'T

!"##$%&"'($) $84;.61/* @* :<O8.:<21/F* ?.2.* ?<:12* :<O8.2*8./*N.2488./*@*./D*8<>2.2*/7*.264;7C 8.;4=5 V7488<645.F*?.2.*;<26.2*8</*/<O2.561/*:1* 8.*N.2488./ W759=5* F* ?.2.* ?759.2* 8.* 31/;8.* :1* ;<5;216<*@*:1*1/6.*3.512.*184345.2*8./* O72O7B./*:1*.421 %.26488<F*?.2.*><8?1.2*8.*M<23.816.*@*184C 345.2*8./*O72O7B./*:1*.421L* H456.* 3X624;.F* 1/* 45:4/?15/.O81* ?.2.* 8<>2.2* 21N4/4<51/* 3164;78</./* @* ?.2.* G3O46</* :1* ;74:.:<* 15* 31:4:./* ?21C :1612345.:./L*

QV-R)$#&RT V.5;0<F**W419.*:1*316.8*;72N.*<*:<O8.:.*;<8<;.:.*15*18*1I6213<*:1*75.*.23.:72.Z*?.2.*A71*X/6.*:1/.C 22<881*75.*.:01215;4.*A71*1/*1A74N.81561*.*8.*8<5>467:*:18*.5;8.B1L ?756.8*45;845.:<F*W756.8*A71*1/6G*:4/?71/6<*:1*M<23.*<O84;7.*.8*372<*:1*75*1:4M4;4<*?.2.*?2<?<2;4<5.281* .?<@<L ?756.8*0<249<56.8F*W419.*:1*3.:12.*;<8<;.:.*0<249<56.831561Z*?<2*15;43.*:18*54N18*:18*/718<Z*13?81.:.* ;<3<*/<?<261*613?<2.8*15621*:</*372</L ?756.8*?2<N4/4<5.8F*H.:.*75<*:1*8</*1813156</*N1264;.81/*:1*3.:12.*A71*/1*13?81.5*?.2.*/7B16.2*613?<C 2.831561*75.*;.2>.*37126.*341562./*/1*21?.2.*18*1813156<*1/627;672.8*:1*75*1:4M4;4<L ?756.8F*,L*%.:12<*A71*/1*13?81.*?.2.*/</61512*?2<N4/4<5.831561*75.*1/627;672.*<*75*15;<M2.:<Z*045;.:<* <O84;7.31561*15*18*612215<L*UL*W419.*1/627;672.8*13?81.:<*?.2.*21/4/642*;<3?21/4<51/*8<5>467:45.81/[*6.3C O4X5*88.3.:<*?41*:121;0<Z*?</61L ?41*:121;0<F*,L*H7.8A7412.*:1*8</*1813156</*N1264;.81/*A71*;<5/6467@15*18*.23.9=5*<*1/A71816<*:1*75.* ?.21:* <* 6.O4A71[* 6.3O4X5* 88.3.:<* 3<56.561Z* ?</61Z* 9.5;<L* UL* W419.* 1/627;672.8* 13?81.:<* ?.2.* 21/4/642* ;<3?21/4<51/*8<5>467:45.81/[*6.3O4X5*88.3.:<*?</61Z*?756.8L .?756.8.34156<F*)4/613.*<*/1241*:1*?756.81/*<*?</61/*A71*.;6P.5*15*;<5B756<L 15;<M2.:<F*M<23.816.L 15;<M2.:<*:1/849.561F*"5;<M2.:<*A71*/1*?71:1*:1/?8.9.2*.*31:4:.*A71*/1*N.*21.849.5:<*18*N1264:<*:1*8.* 319;8.L M<22<*:1*15;<M2.:<F*%.6124.8*A71*/1*13?81.*?.2.*21N1/642*8.*;.2.*456125.*:1*75*15;<M2.:<L 15;<M2.:<*:1*?.8./62<F*W8.5;0.*512N.:.*:1*316.8*13?81.:.*;<3<*15;<M2.:<*?123.51561*:1*75.*8</.*:1* 0<234>=5L 15;<M2.:<*N<8.561F*"5;<M2.:<*:1*>2.5*6.3.\<*?21M.O24;.:<*@*21764849.O81Z*13?81.:<*15*8.*;<5/627;;4=5*:1* 8</./*:1*0<234>=5*:1*8</*1:4M4;4</*:1*N4N415:./L 15;<M2.:<*3=N48F*"5;<M2.:<*A71*?71:1*/12*:1/?8.9.:<*N1264;.831561*?.2.*881N.2*.*;.O<*/7;1/4N</*N1264C :</*:1*0<234>=5*:72.561*8.*;<5/627;;4=5*:1*75*1:4M4;4<

Q]&]-&RV#$^_$T ]4O84<;.:L*Ùa,UZ*a,*a,bL*"/;.812./L*#16241N1:*ac*,dZ*Ua,UZ*M2<3*066?FeefffLO4O84<C ; . : L ; < 3 e / 1 . 2 ; 0 g / h A ? . > 1 i + j / h A 6 1 I 6 i 1 / ; . 8 1 C 2./j/hAN12i/.88j/hA3<:1i/<2j/hA;.6iaj/hA1I6i/.88j85>i1/F* 066?FeefffLO4C O 8 4 < ; . : L ; < 3 e / 1 . 2 ; 0 g / h A ? . > 1 i + j / h A 6 1 I 6 i 1 / ; . 8 1 C 2./j/hAN12i/.88j/hA3<:1i/<2j/hA;.6iaj/hA1I6i/.88j85>i1/ * ]4O84<;.:L*Ùa,UZ*a,*a,bL*#1;72/</*H$S*?.2.*.2A7461;672.Z*:4/1\<*@*;<5/627;;4=5L* #16241N1:* ac* ,kZ* Ua,UZ* M2<3* 066?FeefffLO4O84<;.:L;<3eF* 066?FeefffLO4O84<;.:LC ;<3e * ]8<>>12L* Ùa,aZ* ac* ,kbL* %.6124.81/* @* ?2<;1:434156</* :1* ;<5/627;;4=5L* ;4/6125./* 01;0./*15*<O2.L*#16241N1:*ac*,lZ*Ua,U * S.8@Z*"L*ÙaalbL*"8*>2.5*84O2<*:1*8./*1/;.812./L*%.:24:F*":4;4<51/*S.8@L * V.2;D.Z*$L*Ùa,UZ*a,*a,bL*!4/6<24.*:1*8./*1/;.812./L*#16241N1:*ac*,cZ*Ua,UZ*M2<3*06C 6?FeefffL.2A0@/L;<3e.264;78</e1/;.812./C04/6<24.L0638F* 066?FeefffL.2A0@/LC ;<3e.264;78</e1/;.812./C04/6<24.L0638 * m4:4188.Z* $L* )L* ÙaalbL* "/;.812./F* &:1./* :1* :4/1\<L* ].2;18<5.F* -R^(* WE]-&H$C (&R')L * n4o4?1:4.L*Ùa,UZ*ac*aUbL*"/;.812.L*#16241N1:*ac*UaZ*Ua,UZ*M2<3*066?Fee1/Lf4o4?1C :4.L<2>ef4o4e"/;.812.F*066?Fee1/Lf4o4?1:4.L<2>ef4o4e"/;.812.

[ANEXOS]

ANEXO [A] P R E S U P U E S T O

EL CALCULO DE LA FORMALETERIA SE BASA EN LAS DIMENSIONES DE LAS HUELLAS, CONTRAHUELLAS Y LAS ESPECIFICACIONES DEL ENCOFRADO Y SU ESTRUCTURADO, JUNTO A LOS PUNTALES. EL ARMADO DE LAS VARILLAS SE COMPONE DE TANTO EL LARGO DEL SEGMENTO COMO EL APROXIMADO DEL DOBLAJE Y CADA CUANTO ESTAN COLOCADAS. LOS METROS CUBICOS DAN EL APROXIMADO NECESARIO DE LOS ELEMENTOS DE LA MEZCLA CON SU DEBIDA PROPORCION DE DOSIFICACION.

ANEXO [B] TABLAS DE DOSIFICACIONES SEGUN ING. LUIS GUILLERMO CALDERON, UNA PROPORCION DE 2 PARTES DE CUARTILLA POR CADA DOS PARTES DE ARENA POR CADA PARTE DE CEMENTO BRINDA UNA MEZCLA DURADERA, HOMOGENEA Y UTIL PARA UN CONCRETO DE APROXIMADAMENTE 210KG POR CM CUBICO.

Nota: Datos segun catalogo de HOLCIM

")H$-"#$) QHR')(#EHH&t'*&&&T

$-"p$'S#R*]R-$qR)* p$m&"#****"-&rR'SR**"L $#sF**^"#'$'SR******#_R)** Uk******pE'&R****S"-*****Ua,U