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PARAMETRIC TIMBER GRIDSHELL WORKSHOP 2016

PT GS Parametric Timber Gridshell Workshop 2016

AUTHORS Dr. Yulianto Purwono Prihatmaji,IPM.,IAI Syarifah Ismailiyah Al Athas,ST.,MT M. Galieh Gunagama,ST.,M.Sc EDITOR Muhammad Alim Hanafi COVER & LAYOUT DESIGN Muhammad Alim Hanafi CONTRIBUTORS Erdi Zulfi Kartini Lestari Irianto Nisa Raisa Shaleha MENTORS Dr. Yulianto Purwono Prihatmaji,IPM.,IAI Syarifah Ismailiyah Al Athas,ST.,MT M. Galieh Gunagama,ST.,M.Sc MENTORS ASSISTANT : Wazid Kautsar Bachri Fredita Istijar N Marie Farisa Kartini Lestari Irianto Alfianis Oktasari Satria Agung Permana Deni Ridwan Daru Muhammad Alim Hanafi Riza Tri Kusuma Putra Bagas Widianto Mutia Amelia Febriana Nur Fitri Lathifa HOST Center for Building Innovation and Appropriate Technology (C-BIAT) Center for Computaional Architecture (CCA) Universitas Islam Indonesia, Department of Architecture

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WORKSHOP

REPORT BOOK UII YOGYAKARTA-2016

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE Universitas Islam Indonesia

PARAMETRIC TIMBER GRIDSHELL WORKSHOP REPORT 2016

Parametric Timber Gridshell Workshop 2016

Department of Architecture Universitas Islam Indonesia

INTRODUCTION

Budaya Kayu : Tektonika dan Parameterisasi Timber Culture : Tectonic and Parametrization

Dr. Yulianto Prihatmaji, M.T.,

Parametric Timber Gridshell Workshop 2016

INTRODUCTION

Budaya Kayu : Tektonika dan Parameterisasi Timber Culture : Tectonic and Parametrization Dr. Yulianto Purwono Prihatmaji, IPM., IAI Sekarang, tidak semua Jurusan Arsitektur di Indonesia mengajarkan Arsitektur Kayu atau jarang bahkan tidak sama sekali. Jika diajarkan, barangkali merupakan mata kuliah terpisah, antara arsitektur dan material kayu. Hasilnya pemahaman kayu masih berbaur dengan pengenalan bahan lain. Buktinya, mintalah mahasiswa untuk mendesain 4 buah kuda-kuda segitiga masing-masing menggunakan bahan beton, baja, kayu dan bambu. Cermati kesamaan dan perbedaan diantaranya, beda semua atau mirip semua? Atau mintalah mahasiswa dan atau arsitek menyebutkan kayu yang digunakan dalam peracangannya. Dulu banyak mahasiswa hanya bisa menyebut kayu Jati dan Kalimantan. Padahal di pulau Kalimantan berpuluh jenis kayu keras yang bisa digunakan untuk mewujudkan desain arsitektur. Seberapa banyak kosa jenis kayu yang bisa kita sebut dan terapkan? Kayu sudah menempati posisi yang ambigu dalam arsitektur kini, di satu sisi kayu berstatus elit, saintifik dan industrial, artinya rekayasa kayu sudah demikian maju dan beragam dengan adanya Glulam (glued laminated timber), CLT (cross laminated timber) dan LVL (laminated veeneer lumber), disisi lain kayu masih diperlakukan dengan cara-cara tradisional. Di kutub elit, kayu dipandang sebagai sumber daya yang terbatas, di kutub tradisi kelimpahan kayu adalah tak terbatas. Kini, adanya kesadaran keterbatasan ketersediaan dan pengetahuan kayu, para arsitek dan mahasiswa arsitektur menganggap cara-cara tradisional sudah tidak relevan lagi. Padahal pengetahuan mereka akan cara-cara tradisional juga masih gamang, karena tidak diajarkan di kebanyakan sekolah-sekolah arsitektur di Indonesia . Jenis dan ragam sambungan kayu secara umum ada 4, yaitu sambungan I, L, T dan X. Di Indonesia, tidak terlalu berkembang, sehingga tidak berhenti untuk memberikan alternatif dan variasi sambungan-sambungan tersebut di wilayah tradisi atau moderen. Lompatan dari sambungan Selorok, pen kayu, baji

Department of Architecture Universitas Islam Indonesia

kayu dan sambungan lidah alur ke sambungan kayu dengan paku, mur baut dan sekrup meninggalkan kekosongan jejak pengetahuan yang dalam. Mereka gagap menggunakan teknologi tradisi untuk merancang arsitektur kayu dan mencoba beralih menggunakan metode yang lebih modern. Metode modern dengan hitungan dan simulasi baik dilakukan secara manual atau dengan bantuan software yang penuh dengan algoritma dan angka-angka adalah mimpi buruk bagi arsitek dan mahasiswa arsitektur. Lagi-lagi karena tidak diajarkannya secara utuh perancangan struktur di bangku-bangku kuliah mereka. Disini mereka merasa jerih menggunakan maths method. Gagap tradisi dan jerih matematis. Dibutuhkan pendekatan perancangan yang integratif dalam skala kecil dan terukur untuk mewujudkan arsitektur kayu. Pengenalan terhadap kosa jenis kayu, properti mekanis kayu, semesta arsitektural kayu dan tektonika arsitektur kayu diperlukan di masa-masa awal. Pemahaman simulasi perancangan yang algortimik visual secara parametric dibutuhkan di masa-masa kemudian. Diharapkan parametrisasi semesta pengetahuan tektonika dapat membangkitkan dan memperkaya ragam desain arsitektur kayu oleh para arsitek dan mahasiswa arsitektur. Yogyakarta, Oktober 2016

1 Dalam skala yang lain berupa Clamped Plywood sudah diterapkan di Indonesia pada Aula Barat dan Timur Institut Teknologi Bandung dan Loka Teknologi Permukiman Yogyakarta. 2 Sudah diterapkan pada bangunan tinggi di Eropa, dan menjadi topik riset paling hangat di Jepang 3 Sudah diproduksi di Indonesia, namun banyak yang diekspor dibanding digunakan di dalam negeri. 4 Perguruan tinggi mana yang mengajarkan Arsitektur Kayu secara tradisi atau modern di Indonesia? Jika diajarkan barangkali hanya sebatas kajian kesejarahan, antropologi dan sosiologinya.

Nowadays, not all Architecture Major in Indonesia teaches Timber Architecture subject, it is very rare or even not available at all. Even if it is available, it’s probably only being taught as a separated subject between Architecture and Timber Materials. So, the understanding about timber is still intertwined with the introduction of other materials. As a proof, let’s try to ask a student to design 4 truss triangles in which each of them was made with concrete, steel, timber and bamboo. Pay attention to the similarities and the differences; are all of them different or similar? Or ask a student or an architect to mention the timber that’s being used for the structure. Long ago the students were only able to mention Jati and Kalimantan Timber even though in Kalimantan itself there were tens types of hard timber that could picture an architectural design. How much diction related to timber that we could mention and utilize? Timber has been reaching an ambiguous position on contemporary architecture, at one side timber is known to be elite, scientific and industrial, it means the timber engineering has certainly improved and various by the existence of Glulam1 (glued laminated timber), CLT2 (cross laminated timber) dan LVL3 (laminated veeneer lumber). While at the other side, timber is still traditionally treated. In elite perspective, timber is seen as a limited resource while on traditional perspective timber is assumed to be unlimited.

connections in the tradition or modern.A jump from Selorok joint, timber pen and timber wedge and tongue-groove joint to nail, nut and bolt and screw left a deep knowledge journey emptiness. They are less able to use the tradition technology to construct timber architecture and try to shift to use the more modern methods. Modern methods with calculations and simulations, manually or software helped way that is full of algorithm and numbers, is a nightmare for architects and architecture students. Again, it is because the structure construction is not fully taught during their lectures. There they feel exhausted to apply maths method. Lack in tradition and mathematically weak. It is needing an integrated construction approach in a small and measured scale to bring timber architecture to reality. The introduction to the timber type’s diction, timber mechanic property, timber architectural universe and timber architecture tectonic is needed in the early stages. The understanding of algorithmic visual construction simulation in parametric way is needed in coming stages. Universal parametric of tectonic knowledge is expected to increase and enrich the timber architecture design variants by architects and architecture students. Yogyakarta, Oktober 2016

Now, by the emerging of the awareness toward the availability and knowledge of timber, the architects and architecture students assumes the traditional ways are no longer relevant. Whereas, their knowledge on traditional ways is still blurred since it is not being taught in most school of architectures in Indonesia4. In general, there are 4 Types and variants of timber joints, those are I,L,T and X joint. In Indonesia the connector doesnot have significant development. Thus, it’s doesnot cease to provide alternatives and variations of these

1 In other scale as Clamped Plywood, has been applied in Indonesia in West and EastHall of Institut Teknologi Bandung and Loka Teknologi Permukiman Yogyakarta. 2 Has been applied in the tall buildings in Europe and becomes a hot research topic in Japan. 3 Has been produced in Indonesia, but most of them are exported instead of being locally used. 4 Which university teaches Timber Architecture traditionally or in modern way in Indonesia? If so, it is probably only limited to its history, anthropology and sociology studies only.

Parametric Timber Gridshell Workshop 2016

Department of Architecture Universitas Islam Indonesia

ISI

TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION Budaya Kayu : Tektonika dan Parameterisasi Timber Culture : Tectonic and Parametrization

MENTOR PROFILE

ABOUT WORKSHOP Parametrisasi Tektonika Kayu : Sebuah Workshop Arsitektural Tectonic Timber Parametrization : An Architetural Workshop Pemodelan Desain Parametrik Parametric Design Modeling

DAY 1-4 COMPUTATIONAL WORKSHOP

DAY 5-9 CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP

LESSON LEARNT Parametric Timber Gridshell