A Century of Immigration & Migration - TES 2014

Immigration &

Migration

News

Table of Contents: Migration & Immigration News Section Photo Essays:

News Articles: Evacuees Return to New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina: !

Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 2) Protests Take Place Over Immigration: !

Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 3) Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height: !

Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 5) Does Immigration Affect the American Economy?: !

Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 7) Obama Broke His First Run’s Promise !

Claire Morrison ! ! (pg. 9)

African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance: !

Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 10) Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration: !

Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 12) Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder and Robbery: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 14) Presidents Assist in Immigration Problems: !

Claire Morrison ! ! (pg. 16) Immigrants Flood to Ellis Island: !

Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 18)

Arts Section Book Reviews: First Crossing Relates to All Audiences: !

Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 23) Boy From Ireland Book Review: !

Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 26) Harlem Stomp! Looks Back on Harlem Renaissance !

Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 27) Illegal: Making a Run for the Border: !

Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 38) Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance Book Review !

Claire Morrison ! ! (pg. 42)

Photo Essays: Charlie Chapman Wows in The Immigrant: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 24) Ellis Island Affects America’s View on Immigration !

Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 28) Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz Forever: !

Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 31) Migrations That Affected America: !

Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 36) Randy Road’s Died in Plane Crash !

Claire Morrison ! ! (pg. 40)

Pg. 1

Evacuees Return to New

two reasons: they knew they would have

Orleans After Hurricane

to repair what was left of their property, and they were seeing their home town

Katrina

destroyed, some areas beyond repair.

By: Lucy Bryan

The horrific damage caused by Hurricane

Hurricane Katrina hit New

Katrina kept the population away from

Orleans, Louisiana on August 23, 2005,

New Orleans for financial and emotional

and thousands of the city’s residents had

purposes.

already evacuated to places further inland in the United States.

When the storm

One neighborhood that was

ended on August 30, 2005, people began

devastatingly damaged was the Lower

to come back into the city.

Some

Ninth Ward. With the amount of damage

evacuees have yet to return to the city,

done to that neighborhood, it was very

and there are varying reasons as to why.

hard for people living there before the

The people that have not returned to the

storm to return.

city are most likely not coming back for

was an impoverished neighborhood

one or more of the following reasons:

before Hurricane Katrina hit; and after the

race, social or economic class, education,

storm, 80% of the area was underwater.

damage to their property, or job

Many of the area’s residents could not

availability.

move back into the city due to destroyed

The Lower Ninth Ward

homes or due to an increased rent. Many The amount of damage done to

homes in the neighborhood were

someone’s property also made a large

destroyed and the majority of the owners

impact on moving back into the city.

If

could not afford to rebuild their residence,

people’s homes or businesses were

or buy a new one, so they stayed out of

destroyed by the harsh winds and rains of

the city.

the storm, it was hard for them to return

increase the rent to be paid on a home

to New Orleans and face the damage.

after the storm, and the tenant could not

Driving by destroyed buildings and debris

pay the new rent. There has been little

Other times, landlords would

was difficult for New Orleans citizens for SEE: EVACUEES RETURN, PG. 20

Pg. 2

Immigration in America Leading to Different Sided Protests By: Hunter Williams

protesters there had a personal experience with this situation. Elias Gonzales, a 15 year old at the rally, was separated from his parents at a young age due with his younger brothers and sisters due to deportation said, "I lost my

Did you know that there are people protesting immigration issues and illegal

childhood, but I'm protesting not just for me but so that deportations don't continue separating other families." The

immigrants in America right now. There

protest surrounded the capital and

are many reasons why people are

continued on all day, pressuring Obama

protesting immigration in the United

and his Congress to take action.

states. Some protests are about

Eventually the protesters were arrested.

deportation and problems that surround it. One of the problems is that

Obama later made a statement saying that he would take the high and unfair amount of deportations into

deportation can lead to the separation of

consideration and then do more

families. Other protests are about

research on how to make the

random check ups on immigration status

deportations more just.

papers for people who seem suspicious of possibly being illegal immigrants, and some are about recent news for arrests dealing with immigration.

Another recent news event was the protest of a hundred people in Phoenix about check-ups on possible illegal immigrants. The people were protesting over Jan Brewer’s decision as

On April 30, 2014, people in Washington protested deportation of

to whether she would sign to the bill about the check-ups.

illegal immigrants. One of the reasons for the protest was because these

Many of the protests are for

people did not want to see families split

deportation, on the basis that it is unjust,

up due to deportation. Many of the Pg. 3

but some people have different opinions.

Some people are entirely for antiimmigration.

In America there are people who believe entirely in deporting all immigrants and these people have formed groups. These hate groups are

️ tart your day in a S happy way!

vigilantes and will confront and harass immigrants that they spot. These groups started in America in the 1920’s when immigrant levels began to rise and the groups grew in the 1919’s. These people would talk to others using racist propaganda to convince them to join their groups, one idea that they would discuss is a plan called “Plan de Aztlan.”

This plan stated that immigrants were going to take over Southwest America.

These groups still exist today and protest about immigration. The groups like these go against what others protest for. Some people believe that deportation is unfair because it splits families, but antiimmigrant groups believe that all immigrants should be deported.

Both sides of immigration protesters believe their side is correct,

With Organic Valley milk

By: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison

but the governments decides who they will listen to.

Pg. 4

Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height

control of their legal and immigration status and was simply unfair.

The

school district also claimed the law violated the Equal Protection Clause,

By: Marguerite VanDenburgh

which is included in the 14th On June 15th, 1982 the United

amendment.

The Tyler Independent

States Supreme Court overruled a

District lost the case, but choose to

Texas court’s decision that child illegal

appeal several times.

immigrants should not have the right to a free public school education.

The

Texas served as the defendant in

State of Texas approved a law allowing

the largely publicized case. The state of

public schools to deny child illegal

Texas argued that Texas should not be

immigrants access to their programs

responsible for illegal immigrants. The

and allowing public schools to charge

state included in its argument that

illegal immigrant families for tuition,

taxpayers should not have to pay for

infuriating many families.

children to go to school that are not

Before

heading to the Supreme Court, the

citizens of the United States.

Tyler Independent School District and

defense claimed that charging families

the state of Texas met in court several

tuition, who were not paying taxes, was

times. The Tyler Independent School

just.

District sued the state of Texas,

$1,000 was an appropriate, reasonable

claiming the law violated the 14th

cost for tuition. Texas felt that it was not

amendment.

responsible for illegal alien children and

The

The defense also claimed that

the children did not deserve the right to All unidentified illegal alien

a free education.

children and the Tyler Independent School District served as the plaintiff.

The case reached the United

The Tyler Independent School District

States Supreme Court, on December 1st,

claimed the new law discriminated

1981 and after several appeals. On June

against children who did not have

15th, 1982, the majority decided that yes,

Pg. 5

the law passed by the state was unjust and did violate the 14th amendment

In need of a break? A good dance? Some live music? A place to forget your problems?

and the Equal Protection Clause.

Judge Brennan gave the statement for the majority. The majority agreed that children are not responsible for their immigration or legal status, all children deserved the right to a proper and public education and no one should be denied of anything solely based on the person’s immigration status.

In the

landmark case, the United States Supreme Court gave the right to an free education to all children, whether illegal aliens or not and lifted the burden of public school tuition to illegal immigrant families.

Come to the Cotton Club in Harlem to hear jazz music and for the perfect place to party! ~Featuring Duke Ellington and other live jazz musicians

Made fresh every day!

By: Claire Morrison

~Dinner: $1.50 By: Lucy Bryan

Pg. 6

Does Immigration Affect the

skilled jobs. Immigrant based jobs will also

American Economy?

be more likely to trade and do work with

By: Jacob Randolph For the past 24 years, the question, “Do immigrants really affect the American economy?” has arised. The answer to that question is yes, but how would immigrants affect the economy; positively or negatively?

The answer is positively. Immigrants affect the economy in ways such as creating more jobs, keeping the price of products down, replacing retirees, increasing innovation,

their native land. Immigrants also play the role that they replace American retirees’ jobs. Once people retire or leave there is a gap and that position needs to be filled. The job can be filled by a skilled immigrant, or someone can be promoted to do the job and the immigrant can take the non-skilled job.

Immigrants make and fill jobs therefore reducing the unemployment rate in America, helping other companies, and decreasing poverty.

and being a source for more taxpayer money.

Everybody thinks

“Do Immigrants really affect the American Economy?”

that when immigrants enter America they are depriving citizens of jobs. Actually, Immigrants tend to create more jobs when they enter the United States. Immigrants have to make money eventually, so they are more likely to go out and start their own company. When running a company it is necessary to have employees be the backbone to make the company function. With the necessity of those jobs, this opens up slots for other citizens whether it be high-skilled or non-

When Immigrants enter America they don’t just get paid and not taxed. Immigrants get taxed just like other regular

Americans. This gives America a larger supply of taxpayers thus leading to a better America. With the more money Americans can create more necessary things for America such as buildings and roadways.

The money the government get from taxpayers can lead us to more innovative ways such as less expensive ways or energy efficient ways. This can also lead to better technology and a safer world. With more taxpayer money Americans can be Pg. 7

adventurous and experiment with technology leading to a more innovative world.

Immigrants happen to impact our economy more than expected.

Immigrants might not seem like they

Immigrants impact our economy by

help with sales of products but they do.

creating more jobs which reduce

Immigrants help reduce the price of

unemployment rates. Immigrants also

goods. Immigrants help reduce the prices

increase innovation because they have to

because if there are more people,

pay taxes which is more money that

distributors don’t have to raise the price of

Americans can experiment with. There

products so much to make a profit. This

are various reasons of how immigrants

would mean that for all people buying

affect our economy positively. Overall

goods they wouldn’t have to spend as

immigrants are very important to our

much money because it is all evenly

economy because of how they affect

distributed throughout the people.

America’s citizens in a positive way.

Immigrants help everyone in the country because everybody has to buy goods to survive.

The Nature of the evoSPEED Blink and They’ll be Gone By: Jacob Randolph

Pg. 8

President Barack Obama First Run’s Failed Promise By: Claire Morrison Angry immigrants are protesting against Obama’s failed promise.

Obama promised to have a

immigrant problem, and the promise

compatible immigration system set up

mentioned before was his first

with in his first year.

Though not

attempt at doing just that. He made

everyone remembered this promise,

promises in his first election that there

the people who did remember were

would be a comprehensive

extremely

immigration

upset by his

system by the

failed promise.

Many of these people were immigrants themselves.

"I cannot guarantee that it is going to be in the first 100 days. But what I can guarantee is that we will have in the first year an immigration bill that I strongly support and that I'm promoting. And I want to move that forward as quickly as possible."

They started

- President Barack Obama, May 28, protests, where 2008 they held up signs that said “Immigrant rights are

end of his first year done in the offices.

The promise was

about

introducing a comprehensive immigration bill.

Obama worked hard to get it

Civil Rights” or “You guaranteed us

passed but failed.

Obama!” and marched around

impacted many people and changed

Washington D.C.

how people looked at him greatly.

Obama has tried

His failure

many ways to improve the illegal

Pg. 9

African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance By: Lucy Bryan There are many important people that contributed to the new and exciting cultural changes of the Harlem Renaissance.

Some of these people include: W. E. B. Du Bois, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charles Spurgeon Johnson, and Claude McKay. Each of these men played a special role in the cultural changes that took place during the Harlem Renaissance. W. E. B. Du Bois sparked the Harlem Renaissance by convincing W. E. B. Du Bois African Americans that they should not avoid disagreeing with white people. Du Bois did this by being one of the first people to publicly write about the suppression of African American culture.

Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington both contributed to the advancement of jazz music during the Harlem Renaissance.

Duke Ellington started a jazz band and played at popular clubs, making jazz even more popular.

Ellington also opened up the world of jazz to make in

broader by adding some variations to the music. Louis Armstrong revolutionized jazz in two ways: he arranged music so it could be played by one person, and he invented scat lyrics. Before Armstrong, a whole band was needed to play any jazz, and the lyrics were completely different because they were real words, not just sounds.

Charles Spurgeon Johnson organized the Civic Club Dinner to make progress in African American literature.

Johnson invited African American writers and publishers to the dinner to give the writers more of a chance to finally be able to have a piece published.

Claude McKay advanced the world of African American poetry.

He captured white society’s attention by pretending to be an uneducated, Southern, stereotypical African American instead of the brilliant man he was. Eventually, he unmasked himself and in doing so he had paved the way for future African American poets. Without these men, the Harlem Renaissance would have never happened and African American culture would not be the way it is today.

Pg. 10

Louis Armstrong

Charles Spurgeon Johnson

Duke Ellington

Claude McKay

Pg. 11

Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration By: Jacob Randolph Many African American leaders inspired the Great Migration. Booker T. Washington was a Civil Rights activist who fought for freedom in America for African Americans. He was very influential on the Great Migration because he wanted blacks to escape the oppression in the South. W.E.B. Du Bois was a writer and one of the first african american scholars. His writings in his articles were influential on the black community being another influence on the minds of the South. Frederick Douglass inspired others with the work he did in earlier times such as wanting to free slaves and his belief of equality for all. Jacob Lawrence was a famous painter during the time of the Great Migration. His paintings depicted the events of the Great Migration. Isabel Wilkerson was a writer that published the book The Warmth of Other Suns. This book talks about the change of the lives of african americans and their experience when moving. These are the most iconic people of the Great Migration and influential.

Booker T. Washington

Jacob Lawrence

Pg. 12

Frederick Douglass

W.E.B. Du Bois

Isabel Wilkerson

Pg. 13

Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder

the 1980’s. The case was reopened in 1983 and to this day the Sacco and Vanzetti case is mysterious and many questions involving the case

Marguerite VanDenburgh In

South

Braintree,

have gone unanswered.

Massachusetts, a paymaster and his guard were found shot several times in 1920. The victims were identified as Fred Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli.

Authorities believed the

shooter was Mike Boda. Mike Boda was aware of the investigation and fled to Italy. Police captured the next best thing, Boda’s colleagues Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.

Fred H. Moore

When found by police,

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were both armed and Vanzetti had a record. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were both arrested and sent to trial.

The

defense, lead by Fred H. Moore had a strong argument, yet the defendants were found guilty on July 14th, 1921.

Sacco’s gun was

determined as the murder weapon.

It was admitted by the Governor of

By: Lucy Bryan

Massachusetts that Sacco and Vanzetti did not receive a fair trial in Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli

Pg. 14

Nicola Sacco

Judge Webster Thayer

Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Pg. 15

Presidents Get Involved With Immigration Problems By: Claire Morrison

During his first campaign, Obama made a promise that not everyone remembers, but is still a big deal.

Though

not everyone remembers, the people who do remember were extremely upset by his failed promise. These people protested holding up signs that said “where is the reform

There are many protests around the country centered around immigration.

Obama?” Obama has tried many ways to

Today many people feel that exact way about

improve the illegal immigrant problem, and

what Obama is trying to do with the current

the promise mentioned above was his first

illegal immigrant problem. Obama wants to

attempt at doing just that.

He made

let everyone already in America stay in

promises in his first election that there would

America, and then create a better security

be a comprehensive immigration system by

system.

the end of his first year done in the offices.

In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge signed

The promise was about introducing a

the Immigration Act.

comprehensive immigration bill.

limited the number of people from other

Obama

worked hard to get it passed but failed.

The Immigration Act

countries that were allowed into the United States of America based on a quota. A quota

In Cuba, in 1962, there was a terrible

is a limited quantity of a particular product,

dictator.

that under official controls, can be produced,

President John F. Kennedy pitied

the Cubans, and helped them escape their

exported, or imported.

tragic life style.

completely denied the entry of anyone born

The Cubans were very

thankful, and relieved. Though, not everyone

in the Asiatic Barred

was happy with the Cubans entrance into the

Immigration Act required the immigrants that

country.

Many felt that the cubans were

are over 16 years of age to take a test and in

taking jobs that should belong to “real”

it be able to demonstrate that they

American citizens.

possessed basic reading comprehension in any language.

Zone.

The act also In 1917 the

Pg. 16

Immigrants are protesting about the failed reform.

An Immigrant speaks his beliefs about the failed promise Obama made.

Many people are protesting for Immigration reform.

Pg. 17

Irish Immigrants to New York are Sent to Ellis Island By: Hunter Williams The pictures that are shown demonstrate details of Ellis Island. The image of the statue is a woman named Annie Moore, who was the first woman to ever go through Ellis Island. There are also images that show what the building on Ellis Island looked liked from the outside and inside. The images of the inside of the building on the island show how crowded it was on the inside. Not everyone was passed by the medics into New York, some immigrants coming from Ireland failed their inspections. If someone fails their inspection and the medics find out they have a disease, they could be killed. For other, if they have a mental disability they could be sent home or possible allowed in depending on the case. Due to a large amount of sick people, there were many rooms that were turned into hospital rooms. Ellis Island was very iconic in immigration and migration and was shut down on November 12, 1954.

The building on the Ellis Island where immigrants are inspected

Pg. 18

There were many medical rooms on Ellis Island for the sick people that were arriving.

The inspection room was normally packed on Ellis Island.

Most lower class immigrants looked like this woman upon arriving at Ellis Island.

Immigrants were inspected by guards before entering the United States.

Annie Moore is the woman and she is with her kids.

Pg. 19

EVACUEES RETURN, CONTINUED FROM PG. 2

rebuilding in the Lower Ninth Ward, but every year since the storm, the neighborhood has been inching closer to full repair.

Hurricane Katrina was devastating to the city of New Orleans.

The

Hurricane caused a loss in buildings in the city, and a loss in population in the city.

People fled the city to escape the horrible storm but some have still not returned to the city. Race, class, area of residence, occupation, amount of damage done, and education all contributed to the loss in population within the city of New Orleans after Katrina. All of these factors make it hard to determine if the city will ever return to its original population.

Vote

John F. Kennedy

For

U.S. President By: Lucy Bryan

Pg. 20

Looking at Immigration Over a span of 54 years the southern black population in rural areas moved north to more urban areas, beginning in 1916.

The iconic Louis Armstrong was born in 1901.

When two Italian immigrants were convicted of murder and robbery, in 1921, America began to fear foreigners.

The iconic silent film, The Immigrant, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin was released in 1917.

Orden McDermott waited nine days at Ellis Island and developed Scarlet fever.

He died in 1921.

Pg. 21

Through the Years In 2014, immigration protests have taken place in Washington, D.C.

Ellis Island operated for more than sixty years bringing immigrants into the U.S. and closed in 1954.

Louis Armstrong was world famous for his work with jazz during the harlem renaissance and died in 1971.

In the landmark supreme court case, in 1982, it was decided that child illegal immigrants had the right to a public education.

Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance was released in 2009, but took place during the harlem renaissance.

Events 1999-2014 - Hunter Williams Layout & Events 1900-1998 - Marguerite VanDenburgh

President Obama was recently, in 2014, worked on improving border patrol.

Since roughly 1999, immigration has been positively affecting our economy.

First Crossing, stories of teens immigrating was released in 2004.

A Boy from Ireland was released in 2007, but takes place before Ellis Island closed.

In 2004, The Harlem Stomp! was released, but is based during the Harlem Renaissance.

Illegal, about a Mexican girl migrating with her dad, was released in 2011.

After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, citizens of New Orleans began moving home.

Pg. 22

Arts

First Crossing Relates

each short story was written by a

to All Audiences

different author, but all were

By: Marguerite VanDenburgh First Crossing, a novel of several short stories, can relate to all ages and will make people curious about their heritage. The realistic fiction novel includes many different short stories about people from all over the world who all have one thing in common, they have immigrated to the United States.

First

Crossing shines a light on the fact America was built by millions of immigrants, and many were teenagers.

First Crossing is unique from other tales of immigration;

edited by Donald R. Gallo. The book, published by Candlewick Press in 2004, explores different sparks for families leaving their homes and traveling to the United States. Whether people’s reasons for leaving were political

Coke.

violence, a bad economy or being adopted, all the teens miss their home or are curious about their heritage.

A common theme of all the short stories included in the novel, is fitting in with peers and

You Know You Want it.

adjusting to life in a new place.

The stories are relatable to e v e r y o n e w h o h a s b e e n Marguerite

Continued on Pg. 30

Pg. 23

Charlie Chaplin Wows in The Immigrant By: Marguerite VanDenburgh !

Charlie Chaplin starred in

and directed the 1917 iconic film, The Immigrant.

In the classic,

silent film Chaplin plays an immigrant on his way to America.

The male immigrant is broke.

The man wins a purse and is accused of stealing it.

The

female immigrant from whom the purse is was won from clears the male immigrant’s name.

The

female immigrant’s mother dies.

The male finds money and invites the female out to eat. She eats so much that she becomes ill. The two fall in love, but the male is sent home after kicking an immigration officer.

Charlie

Chaplin’s character is sadly sent

Both the female and male immigrants were extremely hungry during their journey.

back to France and does not making to America.

The Immigrant was released by Select Pictures.

Pg. 24

The cast of The Immigrant.

Edna Purviance (left) was an influential actress when the film was released.

Edna Purviance

Charlie Chaplin

Pg. 25

A Boy from Ireland, Adapting to America By: Hunter Williams A Boy from Ireland is a historical

Ellis Island and wait for hours to get inspected, and how life was upon arriving.

The tone of the book is adventurous, sad at times.

fiction book written by Marie Raphael in 2007.

The book takes place in Connemara, Ireland in 1901 and shifts to New York as the book continues.

A Boy from Ireland book cover Marie Raphael

A Boy from Ireland opens the

The third person narrative tells the

American reader’s eyes to how many of the

story of Liam and Alice, a teenage boy and

immigrants that came to America were

girl who lost their parents at a young age

poorly treated and how it was hard for them

while living in England. Alice and Liam were

to adjust to America. In other words, it was

sent to live with their uncle, Patrick, whom

very tough for these immigrants to adapt

Liam does not like, in Ireland. They are

and make money. This makes some

invited by a relative named Mrs. McCathery

Americans realize that their opinions on

to go to New York with Patrick’s friend Mr.

immigrants are incorrect, immigrants are not

Gavin and his son named Colin that Liam

just dumb and useless people, and be

hates.

treated as if they were. In the book, Alice The book describes and

and Liam see New York as a dirty place,

demonstrates the history of immigration in

especially compared to where lived.

America by showing what immigrants had to

very patriotic readers, the way

do to get to America, and what immigration

New York is depicted may be upsetting. In

to America was like for these people. A Boy

a Boy from Ireland, the history, geography,

from Ireland also talks about how the

and politics affects the characters, themes,

people of Ireland

were controlled by

and plot.The plot and characters are

England and the battles going on between

influenced due to a history and between

them.

England and Ireland, and because Liam

For

The book allows the reader to

was partly English, Patrick and him fight

experience what it was like going on a

about the offensive statements that Patrick

crowded ship to America, having to go to SEE: Adapting to America pg. 35

Pg. 26

Harlem Stomp! Gives a Detailed

not only text, but different images as well.

Account of the Harlem

These images include articles, photographs,

Renaissance

paintings, poems, and letters from the

By: Lucy Bryan

Harlem Renaissance, used to break up the writing.

Harlem Stomp!, by Laban Carrick Hill, is a nonfiction retrospective that gives an account of the 1920’s Harlem Renaissance.

Harlem Stomp! was

The visuals also help a reader’s

understanding of the content by showing how people living in Harlem and the rest of the United States reacted to the explosion of culture.

published by Little, Brown and Company in Laban Carrick Hill speaks about

Some of the most important people to

African Americans and their culture in a

the Harlem Renaissance were W. E. B. Du

2003.

respectful tone and it is apparent that he believes the Harlem Renaissance was long

Bois, Louis Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon Johnson, and Claude McKay, because they each helped a form of culture evolve during

awaited and that African Americans

the renaissance.

deserved a better place in society.

first people to spark African Americans to

Du Bois was one of the

push their culture into the white world, by The Harlem Renaissance took place

saying it was okay for them to speak for

in New York City neighborhood, Harlem,

themselves. Louis Armstrong changed jazz

and the majority of the change took place in

during the renaissance. Armstrong changed

the 1920’s.

jazz by making it so one person could

Harlem Stomp! is not written

chronologically, but each chapter highlights the different aspects of African Americans culture that changed during the renaissance.

Some of these changed

cultural elements are visual arts, poetry, drama, and dance. The book consisted of

SEE: Harlem Stomp! pg. 33

“It was a shift in philosophy from accommodating white domination to demanding equal status and recognition for blacks.”

Pg. 27

The boat docked at Ellis is dropping of a group of immigrants.

Ellis Island Affects American’s View on Irish Immigrants By: Hunter Williams The images of Ellis Island galvanize

and island (above) shows the process of

the public’ attention of the island and

going to Ellis Island. The ships that are filled

represent the theme of Ellis Island. The image

with immigrants pull up to Ellis Island and load

of the statue is Annie Moore. She was famous

the immigrants off and into the building to get

among the public because she was the first

inspected. Ellis Island is a major symbol of

woman to be allowed to pass through the

Irish immigration to America, and these

island. The painting of the inside galvanized

important images of Ellis Island made the

the public’s attention by showing the

American people pay more attention to

conditions on the inside. Looking at the image,

immigration, specifically from Ireland to New

the very crowded and clustered inside is

York. After seeing these photos and photos

demonstrated. The painting of the outside of

like them, the public took more interest in the

the island galvanizes the public’s of the

subject and learned more about the island.

buildings represent. The image of the boat

Pg. 28

The inside of Ellis is normally packed and crowded.

Annie Moore is looking to New York after being inspected on Ellis.

The boat is unloading at New York.

Pg. 29

First Crossing Continued from Pg. 23

expect a tone of hopefulness as characters head

embarrassed by their parents, had trouble to a brand new life in America. fitting in, has moved, been forced to do !

Many of the issues in the short stories are anything they did not want because of their or were serious global topics. Families in the family or even started a new life. In the short stories flee their home due to a Communist story, “First Crossing,” Marco wonders how takeover in Cambodia, a lack of employment in many other people were headed to a whole Mexico, war in Palestine and political unrest in new world. Marco did not know that leaving Venezuela due to an tyrannic home or starting over is a president. Any historian would struggle millions of people go recognize the historically accurate through every single year, causes of the families’ whether they are from Cambodia, Mexico, Sweden,

immigration.

the Soviet Union or even just

make any American proud to be

moving cities somewhere in

from a nation that so many people

America.

wish they were a part of and

Many

the

proud to be from a place that is

adolescent’s family’s values

more peaceful than many other

prevent the characters from

countries.

fitting in.

of

First Crossing can

Maya’s family’s

First Crossing was released in 2004.

strict belief that women are

!

First Crossing is a novel

that everyone, including

not equal to men or Ameen’s family’s religion Americans, teens and history lovers, should made them different. Everyone’s culture is read to understand how America was built and different, making them unique. All of the how lucky they are to be from a place, where so teen’s conflicts are along the lines of it isn’t many people flee to for peace. The novel also always easy moving away from home then intrigues people to learn more about immigration moving to a new place and not all cultures are and where they ancestors came from. The short the same. stories in First Crossing provide a way for !

A sense of sadness and hope is teenagers to learn about immigration, new demonstrated by most of the short stories. cultures and different nations people call home When people are forced to leave their home all over the world. and family, it can be very emotional for the character and the reader.

Readers should

Pg. 30

Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz Forever By: Lucy Bryan During the 1920’s, jazz music played a large, and interesting, part in the Harlem Renaissance.

Louis Armstrong was one of the individuals that revolutionized jazz.

Growing up in New Orleans, Louisiana, Armstrong was surrounded by jazz his entire life. He learned to play the trumpet, and was so loud he could fill a room with just the music he made himself.

Before Armstrong had arrived on the jazz scene, a whole

band was needed to play

any jazz song, but Armstrong

arranged the music so Armstrong also invented syllable sounds that are

“And I think to myself, what a wonderful world.”

-Louis Armstrong

one person could play alone. scat lyrics, which are a series of one used in place of real lyrics.

Scat

made it easier to play jazz by oneself. It was near impossible for a musician to play a wind instrument, which are popular instruments to play while performing jazz, while attempting to sing lyrics. By using scat lyrics a musician could “sing” anywhere there was a pause in the instrumental music.

Armstrong learned to play the trumpet when he still lived in New Orleans and he is most often depicted with that instrument.

Louis Armstrong is still well known in New Orleans because he grew up in the city, and because jazz is a very popular genre of music in the area.

Many New Orleanian jazz musicians have re-recorded or styled there music off of Armstrong’s because he was such a Louis Armstrong was famous for playing his trumpets much louder than a typical musician.

popular musician of the 1920’s.

Louis Armstrong was so

influential as a musician because he gave African Americans in the 1920’s hope for a brighter future through

his music, he was well-known even among white society, and because he changed jazz forever. Without Louis Armstrong, jazz would be very different than the way we know it today.

Pg. 31

One of Armstrong’s most famous songs is “What a Wonderful World,” and the song is still popular to the present day.

Louis Armstrong invented scat lyrics, and he often used that form of singing instead of typical lyrics.

Pg. 32

Harlem Stomp! Continued from Pg. 27

play a tune alone. Charles Spurgeon

African Americans to show their culture

Johnson advanced African American

to the rest of the world.

literature by creating the “African Americans everywhere began Club Dinner was a chance to rise as if from a for hard- working, underpaid deep sleep and to demand their rightful place in writers to meet publishers.

American culture.”

Johnson noticed that many

W. E . B . D u B o i s , L o u i s

Civic Club Dinner. The Civic

great African American writers were not published because they did not have time to meet with publishers, so he decided help them by introducing them to publishers.

Claude McKay caught

white society’s eye with his poetry by masking as an uneducated “Negro.”

White society read his poems because they thought that he was the epitome of the uneducated, Southern African American. After he caught everybody’s attention he began to write poems that showed he could speak proper English, which forced white people to acknowledge that not all African Americans were illiterate and incompetent. Each of these men, in some special way, captured white society’s attention and encouraged

Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon Johnson, and Claude McKay helped start the Harlem Renaissance, along with help from geography, time period, and the

history and politics of racism and segregation. If Harlem was not located somewhere in the North the Harlem Renaissance would have never happened, because African Americans moved to Harlem to escape the South.

The 1920’s was about progression in the United States and African Americans were no exception to that progression.

The cultural advances made in Harlem all contributed to the idea of change during the Roaring Twenties. African Americans had the perfect time to make cultural changes, but they also needed a reason.

This reason was equality.

African Americans had been beaten, killed, and restricted by white segregation laws, and ways of life.

Pg. 33

African Americans knew if they made

Americans finally experienced some type

changes in their culture, white

of cultural freedom. They were no longer

people would take notice of them and

encouraged to cower before whites, but to

maybe, eventually, accept them as equals.

be themselves.

Harlem Stomp! shows what African

Harlem Stomp! is a book made for all

Americans went through by developing the

audiences. The memoir is a great way for

themes horrors of racism and African

students to learn about the Harlem

American freedom. Harlem Stomp! tells

Renaissance without being overwhelmed

readers about lynchings and race riots

with text. The book is also interesting,

African Americans had to witness.

giving small side facts about history, while

Witnessing these events was hard for

adding photos and articles from the time,

African Americans to see because they

so the reader can see inside the Harlem

knew there was little they could do about

Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is

it. During the Harlem Renaissance African

a critical first step in African American

Laban Carrick Hill

The front cover of Harlem Stomp! shows how both the written culture and the musical culture of the 1920’s changed.

Pg. 34

A Boy From Ireland Continued from pg. 26

makes about England.

The change in

geography between Ireland and New York, affects the plot, in. In there were no African Americans and this affected the plot and characters because Patrick did not allow Liam to get a job that he really wants because he would be working for a black man.

Whether the reader is interested in immigrant history in America or was assigned to read it for school, this book will give the key information about immigration from Ireland to America that is

THE CHEESIEST

important to know.

Learn More @ www.freetillie.com Pg. 35

Migrations that Affected America By: Jacob Randolph The Great migration was the movement of 6,000,000 african americans to the North, Mid West, and West. The Great migration consisted of mostly southern african americans migrating. Ellis Island was a major event that brought in many Irish immigrants to America. This island was right off of New York and was a place where the new immigrants originally came to get settled and moved from there. Illegal Immigration is a problem

This was the building at which all new immigrants entered after their arrival to Ellis Island.

in America now as it was in the 20th century. The problem today is immigrants coming from Mexico into America. Immigration to and in America is a dream for others outside and inside of the country.

This map shows the different ways and places African Americans went during the Great Migration.

Pg. 36

These immigrants were coming from Ireland and are waiting on Ellis Island to enter the main building.

African Americans are buying the products they need for their new urban lives at this corner store.

These are people who got caught trying to cross the border illegally.

Pg. 37

Illegal: Making a Run for the Border By: Jacob Randolph

Imagine being in life and death situations and having to be the leader and provider in a family. Nora, the main character, lives a life like this every day.The book Illegal by Bettina Restrepo is fiction published in 2011 by HarperCollins. Illegal takes place in Cedula, Mexico at the start of the book, and Houston, Texas in the middle and end of the book. The book doesn’t give a specific date but it is pretty modern so it is some time in the 21st century. The book also depicts the towns as poor and dirty where the characters live.

The significant characters in this novel are Nora, Flora, Jorge, Keisha, Aurora, and grandma. The protagonist of this novel is a young fifteen year old woman named Nora. Nora is Mexican and has lived in Cedula, Mexico on her orchard her entire life along with her mother, Aurora, and her grandmother.

In the novel, Nora was separated from her father at a young age as he went to America to try and provide more for the family. The father, Arturo, stopped sending money and Nora was worried.

She then ventures to Houston with Aurora looking for her father. There she realizes America wasn’t as easy as she thought. Aurora was Nora’s mother who supported and followed her. Keisha is a friend who Nora meets in America, who is bullied often because of the color of her skin. Flora is a local troubled girl

“He’s here.

He’s all around me.

Finally, we’re all together.”

who floats around without a real home, receiving beatings by her gangbanging brother.

Nora is friendly to this girl and helps her throughout the novel. Nora is related to the theme of immigration because she was an illegal immigrant herself since she crossed the Mexican border into the United States.

The theme of the book is the hardships of immigration. This theme is developed because of all the troubles Nora has to go to when she is journeying to America. Nora goes through so much trouble to cross the border by waiting in a hot, smelly van for ten hours with rotten mangoes and no breaks. Nora also had to fight the truck driver once she arrived in Houston and it was physical. Once Nora is settled in Houston she also has to deal with gang members. She fights them in many situations such as at the pool and at her local park.

The tone of the book is very serious.

This tone is developed by all the events Nora goes through such as crossing the border because if she is caught she is deported and sent to prison. She also faces times when she fights gang members and they are life and death situations. This book will captivate many characters because the characters wish so much for their dreams. Their dreams also are for better opportunities as Pg. 38

well as the fact that the chapter ends with cliff hangers.

This book addresses immigration because Nora has to cross the border in order to find her dad. The also addresses how hard the actual life of an immigrant is. This book will captivate many readers and suck them in because of the reality of the story. It also is a story of dreams because Nora and others are trying to make it in America which is their struggle that is so great and exciting.

Illegal by: Bettina Restrepo

Bettina Restrepo

By: Claire Morrison

BE COLORFUL

Marguerite

Pg. 39

Randy Roads Died in Plane Crash By: Claire Morrison

Randy Rhoads rocking out on the guitar at one of his concerts.

The news spreads about Randy Rhoads’ death. Many are devastated.

Aycock, was trying to “buzz” Ozzy Osborne’s tour bus when the wing clipped the vehicle, and crashed into a house.

Later the police discovered

cocaine in Aycock’s urine.

Sharon

On Friday, March 19, 1982 in

Arden, the manager of Ozzy

Leesburg, Florida Randy Rhaods died.

Osbourne, and Rudy Sarzo, bassist,

Randy Rhoads was the lead guitarist

were asleep on the tour bus at the

for Ozzy Osborne. He died on tour in

time of the accident.

a plane crash. He and the two other

Keyboardist, was also on the tour bus

passengers, Andrew Aycock and

but he was awake. He said the plane

Rachel Youngblood on the Beach

swooped at treetop level three times,

Bonanza F35 died. The pilot, Andrew

before it hit the tour bus.

Don Airey, the

Pg. 40

The day after the crash Ozzy

her father." This shows just how

Osbourne told the authorities and

hectic the plane crash, and the

the paparazzi "At approximately

death of Randy Rhoads was.

nine a.m. on Friday, March 19, 1982, I was awoken from my sleep by a loud explosion.

I

immediately thought that we’d hit a vehicle on the road. I got out of bed, screaming to my fiancé, Sharon, ‘get off the bus!’

Meanwhile, she was screaming to everyone else to get off the bus.

After getting out of the bus, I saw that a plane had crashed. I didn’t know who was on the plane at the time. When we realized that our people were on the plane, I found it very difficult to get assistance from anyone to help.

In fact, it

Randy Rhoads’ grave was supported by many of the public.

took almost a half-hour before anyone arrived. One small fire engine arrived, which appeared to squirt three gallons of water over the inferno. We asked for further help, such as telephones, and didn’t receive any further help. In the end, we finally found a telephone and Sharon phoned

Randy Rhoad’s plane crashed in Leesburg, Florida.

Pg. 41

Celeste Adventures to Harlem By: Claire Morrison !

Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance is

an intriguing story written by Eleanora E. Tate, and published by Little, Brown And Company in April of the year 2007. Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance is a historically-fictional novel based in t h e 1 9 2 0 ’s d u r i n g t h e H a r l e m Renaissance.

It is about a thirteen

New York is different and unusual, because she has never been outside of North Carolina before. On the other side of the cover image it shows people dressed glamorously, and big spectacular buildings. This shows the diversity that Celeste lived through during her time in New York, and how different it was from Celeste’s home in North Carolina.

year old girl named Celeste Massey, who has to leave her home in North Carolina to live with her aunt, Valentina, inhabiting in New York City.

There, Celeste experiences the Harlem Renaissance, and finds out Aunt Valentina’s life is not how she was lead to think.

Celeste, the protagonist, is a thirteen year old girl who lives in North Carolina with her father and her Aunt Society. Poppa, also known as Taylor, is Celeste’s father, he gets sick with consumption causing Celeste to have to go live with her Aunt Valentina.

Aunt Society, who has conflicts with

The cover image shows Celeste viewing New York and the Harlem Renaissance for the first time ever.

On one side it shows Celeste, her Aunt Valentina, the building where they lived, and a couple other people they know. Celeste is looking around which demonstrates she has never

the protagonist but is not an antagonist, is Celeste’s aunt who lives with Celeste and her brother, Taylor.

Aunt Valentina, a very important character but not the protagonist, is a selfish actress, singer, and dancer during the Harlem Renaissance. She is also Celeste’s aunt.

been in New York before. To Celeste Pg. 42

A very important historical theme developed in Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance is renaissance.

re-birth or the It is developed

everywhere. Celeste has to move and re-adapt to harlem from her completely different life in North Carolina.

Eleanora E. Tate

Every drop is green.

By: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison

Pg. 43

d’Juice

I’m loving it

Drink d’Juice !

Make New Orleans Healthy By: Claire Morrison By: Claire Morrison

DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT TELL THEM TO

By: Claire Morrison

GET LOST

By: Claire Morrison

SHE’S THE SALT OF THE EARTH. L’eggo my

AND THE SEA. By: Claire Morrison

Eggo

SMELL LIKE A MAN, MAN. By: Claire Morrison By: Claire Morrison

Green Giant

By: Claire Morrison

Cadillac

Ramsey’s Jewelers

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

BACONATOR

By: Claire Morrison