A Century of Reform 2014

Century of Reform

Table of Contents Arts

History F.D.R Reforms the U.S. Economy Women Win the Right to Vote Obama Raises Minimum Wage Texas Abortion Laws Tried in Supreme Court Reforming the levees in New Orleans

How FDR Reformed the US Economy Suffragist Cause Becomes

Page 3 Page 3

Page 4 Page 5

Page 6

Page 11-12

Page 26-27

Matthew Shepard’s Death is Grieved by the Public Photographs of Women Fighting for Their Suffrage Reminds us of Their

Page 28-29

Struggles Louis Armstrong Changes Emotions of New Orleans People Who Made a Difference about Minimum Wage

Page 30-31

Page 32-33

Page 34-35

Page 13-14

Successful Because of the 19th Amendment People who worked to Make Page 16-17 Gay Rights Accepted Norma Rae Changes People’s Views on Workers Rights Big Faces in Liquor Prohibition Timeline

How Artwork Affected Reform During the Great Depression

Page 18-19 Page 20-21 Page 22-23

Matthew Shepard’s Death Shocks the Public Sybil Downing Reveals the Reality Behind the 19th Amendment Chasing Justice Muckrakers Exposed Corruption Janet Taylor Lisle Writes About Liquor Prohibition

Page 32 Page 34

Page 36 Page 38 Page 36 1

The News‌ Reform

2

FDR Reforms US Economy By:Edward Schreiner !

Franklin Delano Roosevelt ,also known as

!

The New Deal proved to be successful in

FDR by many, was elected in November, 1932. As

the short term, but its long term effects were

president of the USA during the Great Depression,

questionable. The New Deal was very effective in

Roosevelt was faced with the challenge of

terms of providing relief to failing businesses and

reforming the US economy during a time when

getting unemployed citizens back on their feet and

about 13,000,000 people were unemployed and

working. The biggest problem with the New Deal

almost all banks were closed. Within Roosevelt’s

was that it did not effectively end the Great

first 100 days as President of the United States, he

Depression nor did it help out the economy much

had already proposed a solution to help the

in the long term. Even with it’s downfalls the New

economy recover from the Great Depression. This

Deal helped the US economy during some of it’s

solution was called the New Deal.

worst times.

See; Franklin Delano Roosevelt Reforms the US Economy, continued on Pg. 7

Women Win the Right to Vote !

By: Evie Gomila In 1920, after 100

major topic of discussion in the

years of fighting, the

early 1900’s when Western

women of America

states began to allow women to

finally were given the

vote. Women continued to

right to vote. One of

struggle

America’s most famous

enfranchisement on the federal

sayings is that all

level.

citizens are given the

!

right to life, liberty, and

groups were the National

pursuit of happiness,

American Woman Suffrage

but women were not given the liberty to vote

The National Women’s Party was very active when protesting for what they believed was right.

until 1920. !

for

their

Tw o m a i n s u f f r a g e

Association (NAWSA) and the National Women’s Party (NWP).

NAWSA was led by Carrie Chapman

American Women fought for suffrage for 100

Catt and used campaigns to achieve women’s

years. Susan B. Anthony was one of the first and

suffrage. NWP was led by Alice Paul and used

most well known suffragist. Because of her work in

more aggressive tactics such as picketing the

the 1800’s, the 19th Amendment is known as the

White House and pressuring government officials to

Anthony Amendment. Women’s suffrage became a

support the Anthony Amendment. Lucy Burns, who See; Women Win the Vote, continued on Pg. 8

3

Obama Raises Minimum Wage

By: Mary Matthews Parsons

President Barack Obama had decided to

raise minimum wage. Two democrat senators

last thing we want to do is have even fewer jobs for younger people." is what Mitch McConnell said on the topic.

came up with the idea of raising minimum wage.

"No one who works a full

The original amount they wanted to raise minimum

time job should have to live in

wage to was $9.00, but it was decided that that

poverty." - Barack Obama

would be too little an amount of money, and not change much. Obama wanted to raise minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.00 an hour. Even though

71% of the population voted in favor of raising the minimum wage rate. These people believed that

this would lower the number of

by raising minimum wage,

people in poverty, it would

they would lower the number

c re a t e j o b p ro b l e m s f o r

of people in poverty. More

others. This 2014 issue had

families would be able to

created debates throughout

afford better food and shelter

the country.

for themselves and would drift

Many people had

above the federal poverty line

problems with the raising of

(the metaphorical line that

minimum wage. People thought that raising minimum wage would destroy jobs for

divides people who make a Barack Obama

younger people,of the ages 18-30. They thought this because the businesses would not have the money to keep up with rise, and as a result would not be able to hire more people. These businesses might have even had to fire people because they would have to pay thee workers more money. Even though President Obama was trying to raise the number of people who were employed, but raising minimum wage could lower the number of people with jobs due to the expense that the businesses would have to pay. "We have a crisis in employment among young people right now, and generation 18 to 30, people that got out of college, are finding there are no jobs for them. The

certain amount of money from these who don’t). This would drastically changes the lives of the employed poor because they would have more to live off of. "No one who works a full time job should have to live in poverty." said Barack Obama in retort to these problems.

The change in the minimum wage from

$7.25 to $10.00 would have changed the society greatly, possibly for a positive reason or for a negative reason. It could have destroyed jobs for young people all over the country, it could have created new opportunities for families and people everywhere. It could have made businesses have to fire or not be able to fire young people, or it could have been a ticket for people to rise above the federal poverty line.

4

Taxes Abortion Laws Tried in Supreme Court By: Eliza Nieset In 1973, Texas resident, Jane Roe, got pregnant

The Supreme Court officially decided that the

even though she was single. Ms. Roe decided

Te x a s s t a t e l a w s o n a b o r t i o n w e r e

she wanted to terminate her pregnancy but was

unconstitutional. They decided that abortion

unable to do to

should be legal in the first trimester and second

Te x a s s t a t e

trimester of pregnancy, but it continues to be a

laws. Ms. Roe

felony to have an abortion in the third trimester of

decided to file

pregnancy.

a court case against the d i s t r i c t attorney of Dallas County, Henry Wade.

She believed that these

The Supreme Court jurists for the case.

laws violated her Jane Roe

fi r s t ,

fourth, ninth, and fourteenth amendment rights. She

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also believed that these laws violated her “zone of privacy.” !

The Texas state laws about abortion stated

that receiving or attempting to receive an abortion was illegal, unless it was performed to save the mother’s life. If this law was violated, it was

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considered a felony. In Ms. Roe’s first trial she won, but Wade appealed to a higher court. Ms. Roe and Wade ended up in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court trial resulted in a seven to two decision in favor of Ms. Roe. Mary Matthews Parsons

5

Reforming the Levees In New Orleans By: Ethan Miller !

In 2005 hurricane Katrina destroyed New

people in New Orleans to rebuild them so they

Orleans and the levees when the floods and wind

reached out to other cities asking if anyone would

hit the levees. The reforming of the levees was

help rebuild the levees. New Orleans was given

the region’s most positive change after the

50,000 people plus the many people in New

hurricane. In 2006 the people of New Orleans and

Orleans who were going to help rebuild the

cities all over the country joined forces to rebuild

levees.

the levees. They rebuilt the levees to lift the city and to protect New Orleans from any further flooding and storms. The levees helped protect New Orleans from any other floods, storms, and hurricanes. ! !

“94% of New Orleans voted to rebuild the levees.”

Katrina destroys levees.

!

The levees were rebuilt after Katrina and they !

They could not rebuild and reform the

looked better than they ever were. The levees

levees without making sure that the people of

also protected the city much better than the

New Orleans wanted to put forth a huge amount

levees that were destroyed during hurricane

of money to rebuild the levees. The vote was very

Katrina. The result of the finished levees pleased

positive and 94% of New Orleans voted to rebuild

the people of New Orleans and had them with no

the levees. They were not able to get enough See: Reforming the Levees in New Orleans, continued on Pg. 9

Lowe’s Never Stop Improving

6

FDR Reforms US Economy, continued from Pg. 3

!

The New Deal was especially used through

Administration employed over 8.5 million people

the establishment of the Tennessee Valley

for an average monthly salary of 41 dollars and

Authority. The Tennessee Valley Authority was a

fi f t y s e v e n c e n t s . T h e Wo r k s P r o g r e s s

relief corporation founded by congress in 1933.

Administration provided mostly jobs in the

The Tennessee Valley Authority was established in

construction industry such as building public

order to provide quick relief to many different

parks, building bridges, and paving roads.

issues that people

The Works Progress

encountered such as environmental issues, technological issues, and economical issues.

low-cost electricity to over 9 million people

at improving the

Administration employed over

economy

8.5 million people for an average

e c o n o m y.

The Tennessee Valley Authority also provided

Recovery was aimed and

restoring order to the The

A g r i c u l t u r a l

monthly salary of 41 dollars and

Adjustment Plan was made to help farmers

fifty seven cents.

stay in business and

during the Great

therefore help

Depression. The Tennessee Valley Authority

support the economy.

ended up greatly helping out the US economy

The last “R” is Reform. Reform is about

during the Great Depression. By 1935 the US

keeping the economy from collapsing in the long

economy was making slow progress and starting

term and preventing another depression. The

to be reformed but there was still an enormous

FDIC was established to help prevent another

amount of work to be done.

depression from happening. The 3 r’s proved to be

!

a vital part to the USA getting out of the Great

Franklin Delano Roosevelt aimed all of his

work towards what he thought were the 3 most

Depression.

important parts to reforming the US’s economy.

!

The 3 parts were called the “3 R’s.” The 3 R’s

Delano Roosevelt helped reform the US economy

were Relief, Recover, and Reform.

and get the USA out of the Great Depression.

These are the ways that President Franklin

Relief was aimed at providing quick help to the unemployed. The Works Progress

JUST Professional + Affordable Evie Gomila

Mary Matthews Parsons

7

Women Win the Right to Vote, Continued from Pg. 3

assisted Alice said, “It is unthinkable that a national

fill in for the men’s jobs. This gave women the

government which represents women should ignore

chance to prove that they were worthy of the right to

the issue of the right of all women to political

vote; however, WWI also gave the Senate a reason

freedom.” The Anthony Amendment was voted on in

not to vote on the Amendment because they were

Congress many times but was not passed until

too busy making decisions about the war.

1920, becoming the 19th Amendment and ending

Eventually, Congress decided there were more pros

women’s struggle for suffrage.

than cons and the Anthony Amendment was

The Anthony Amendment was faced with many pros

passed.

and cons when it was discussed in Congress. While some Congressmen supported the Anthony

!

Amendment and believed that life, liberty, and

Wo m e n ’s

pursuit of happiness applied to women as well,

Suffrage was

others disagreed.

Another topic of debate was

one of the

whether or not the women’s suffrage should be a

most debated

state right or federal right. Because so many states

topics of the

in the west already allowed women to vote, many

early 1900’s.

people thought that it should continue to be a state

Women fought

“It is unthinkable that a national government which represents women should ignore the issue of the right of all women to political freedom.” - Lucy Burns

for their voting rights very passionately Women suffragist were put in jail and did not for holding public pickets. stop until they were successful. Carrie Catt proved the persistence of the women when she said, “In the adjustment of the new order of things, we women demand an

right.

World War I both helped and caused problems for the Anthony Amendment. All the men had to leave to

equal voice; we shall accept nothing less.” The 19th Amendment is the most significant woman victory in the 19th century.

go fight in France which caused women to have to

Great deals on phone plans Eliza Nieset

8

Reforming the Levees in New Orleans, continued on Pg. 6

worries that New Orleans could be in the same

be. Before that small fix a storm had come

situation again. The new levees were much more

through and taken out part of the levee which

protective and they could protect from a

was close to a bad flood zone and the people

hurricane without having to be rebuilt again. The

living in that part of New Orleans were

next hurricane that hit New Orleans put little

concerned. They were worried that the broken

damage on the new levees. The levees could

levee would be a problem. The problem was

stay the way they are without being repaired.

shortly fixed and all of the levees were in a good

The levees showed to be a big success during

condition and would not need to be reformed or

the hurricane after Katrina and also after floods

rebuilt for a long period of time.

and big storms, the levees still remained

!

strong.!

helped. Without the fix New Orleans could have

!

The levees held for many years but

been destroyed again if the levees were not fixed

recently had to be fixed because they had been

after hurricane Katrina. Thanks to the people of

weathered by the wind and rain from the past 2

New Orleans and other cities, New Orleans has

years. This rebuilding was a much smaller

been able to be a better protected city because

rebuild but was a necessary fix because the

of the reforming of the levees.

The reforming and rebuilding of the levees

levees were not as protective as they needed to

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9

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10

FDR was president during the Great Depression.

FDR is viewed as one of the greatest US presidents of all time.

How FDR Reformed the US Economy By: Edward Schreiner !

The New Deal was a plan made by

became impoverished and homeless. The

president Franklin Delano Roosevelt to

New Deal played a huge part in reforming

reform the US economy. The US economy

the US economy, and even though it did

was in deep trouble during the great

not end the Great Depression it was a

depression, 1930s-1940s. The Great

major factor in the ultimate ending of the

Depression was the worst economic

Great Depression.

depression of 20th century. Unemployment rates were at an all time high and many people that were once middle class

Unemployment rates were at an all time high during the Great Depression.

11

FDR created the New Deal to help reform the US economy.

A mother tries to support her kids.

12

Suffragists’ Cause Becomes Successful Because of the 19th Amendment By: Evie Gomila The 19th Amendment was not passed easily. Many women and men had to work very hard to accomplish women’s suffrage. Suffragist groups also played a huge role in enfranchising women.

Carrie

Chapman Catt lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900 to 1904 and 1916 to 1920. Alice Paul led the National Women’s Party (NWP) during the fight for women’s suffrage. Lucy Burns was the vice-president of the NWP. She led many riots and pickets to help gain attention for the suffrage cause. Lucy Burns and Alice Paul were often imprisoned after r i o t s because t h e y “obstructed” the sidewalks.

Woodrow Wilson was t

h

e

Lucy Burns assisted Alice Paul in leading the National Women’s Party.

Democratic President of the United States when the 19th Amendment was passed. Woodrow Wilson began to show public support for the Anthony Amendment in 1918, when the NWP threatened to have Republican senators elected. Because of these women’s work, and Wilson’s approval, the 19th Amendment was passed and women were enfranchised.

Carrie Chapman Catt began to lead the National American Woman Suffrage Society in 1900.

13

Alice Paul was the President of the National Women’s society when the 19th Amendment passed.

President Woodrow Wilson was the President of the USA when the 19th Amendment passed.

Lucy Burns lead many riots and pickets in order for the women’s suffrage movement to gain attention.

13

People who Worked to Make Gay Rights Accepted By: Eliza Nieset Harvy Milk

Barack Obama

14

Barbara Gittings

Henry Gerber

The work of Henry Gerber,

be manipulated to fit only

Barack Obama, Harvey

certain groups of people.

Milk, Barbara Gittings, and

Thanks to these people

Coretta Scott King has

homosexuals are not

gotten homosexuals to be

outcasts, thanks to these

more widely accepted than

people homosexuals can be

people ever thought gay

freely open about their

rights could become. These

sexuality. These individuals

people demanded that the

work has and continues to

statement “All men are

be noticed

created equal,� should not be ignored and should not Coretta Scott King

15

People Who Made a Difference About Minimum Wage By: Mary Matthews Parsons

The reform of minimum wage, was a big debate

problems with minimum wage and the bosses not

in the country. Obama wanted to raise minimum

paying the workers their entire pay. Minimum

wage from $7.25 to $10.00 per hour. This could

wage has caused serious problems in the past,

cause big problems for the US, destroying jobs

but with the government to help, it soon will be a

for young people all over the country because the

big solution for the problems that face people

owners of businesses would not be able to pay

below the federal poverty line.

the people. Margaret Peterson Hadddix wrote the book called Uprising which touched on the

Margaret Peterson Haddix

Margaret Peterson Haddix

16

Barack Obama

Barack Obama

17

Big Faces in Liquor Prohibition By:Ethan Miller Franklin D Rosevelt signs the Liquor Prohibition

Franklin D Roosevelt

father he was the first

was the president at the

company who made

time that liquor

glass bottled beer. He

prohibition was at its

was also the most

peak. Franklin D

powerful brewer of his

Roosevelt was the

time. Leader of the

president who repealed

Chicago crime. He had

liquor prohibition. He

a successful mobster

repealed it in 1933.

group and was one of

Nelson Van Alden and

the most successful

Eric Sebso were

mobsters in his time.

enforcers of the

Harry Daugherty is also

prohibition of liquor. The

a law enforcer mainly

image called Jews and

an enforcer on the

Booze. Nelson Van

liquor prohibition.

Nelson Van Alden and Eric Sebso drink as they talk about liquor prohibition.

Alden was jewish and was also an enforcer of the prohibition of liquor.

Adolphus Busch was a new brewer at the time of liquor prohibition.

Partnering with his Adolphus Busch continues to brew his famous beer.

18

Harry Daugherty talks with a man about liquor prohibition.

Al Capone laughs as he talks about his mobster career.

19

Carrie Catt leads National American Women’s Suffrage Association

1900 1904

1910

Setting for Uprising

1918

Women’s suffrage is considered by Woodrow Wilson

Setting for The Vote

1918

1920

Women gain the right to vote

Black Duck Setting

1920s

Muckrakers setting

1930

1973

1998

Jane Roe takes her pro choice case all the way to the Supreme Court where she manages to change Texas state law on abortion

October Morning Setting

20

Hurricane Katrina destroys levees

2005

Levees are rebuilt after being destroyed

by Katrina

2006

Uprising is published 2006

Black Duck is published

2009

2007

Muckrakers is published

2007

2014

Levees are rebuilt again after more storms and flooding

Obama raises minimum wage

21 Edward Schreiner

National Abortion Federation By the age of 45,1 in 2.5 women have had an abortion in the US. Don’t feel alone.

Visit prochoice.org for more information.

Best detangaling brush in the world 22

The Arts‌ Reform

23

How Artwork Affected Reform During The Great Depression By: Edward Schreiner

Art such as, paintings and posters, played a major role in the reformation of the US economy after and during the Great Depression. Some paintings showed people hard at work, these paintings motivated others to go to work for organizations such as the Works Progress Administration, or WPA. Other paintings were made to recruit people to work for organizations such as the Works Progress Administration. The Works Progress Administration also employed many artists. Art was a big factor in reforming the US economy during and after the Great !

Depression.

Three men cutting wood

24

An advertisement for the Civilian Conservation Corps

An advertisement for the Works Progress Administration to recruit workers

25

Matthew Shepard’s is Grieved by the Public By: Eliza Nieset

Groups of people in angle costumes block hate posters at Matthew Shepard’s funeral.

People set up monorails for Matthew Shepard and other hate crimes victims.

26

The tragic death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student, shocked the public. Matthew Shepard was beaten to death by Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson,which lead Matthew Shepard

to the Matthew Shepard Act, which is also known as the Hate Crimes Law. Members of the Matthew Shepard Foundation blocked hate signs outside Matthew’s funeral by wearing large white angel costumes.

Matthew Shepard died in October of 1998.

27

Photographs of Women Fighting for their Suffrage Remind Us of Their Struggle By: Evie Gomila Women often used newspapers to help gain support for the suffrage cause. Pictures of the women protesting would be published in newspapers. These pictures made the protests famous which helped The NWP constantly pressured the president to support the Anthony Amendment.

support their cause. One of the National Women’s Party’s tactics was to pressure the president to support

the Anthony Amendment. When photos of women holding up signs saying, “Mr. President, How Long must women wait for liberty?” were published, there was no way for Wilson to avoid the topic,

and other readers may have thought he was a coward for not responding. After

going on a hunger strike for almost a week in jail, Dora Lewis was to weak to walk out to her car without the help from other National Women’s Party members. When the photo of Dora walking to the car was published in a newspaper,

it helped gain sympathy from the

newspaper’s audience, and made the audience want to change how women were treated.

Women used photos published in various newspapers to help galvanize public attention toward women’s suffrage.

Lucy Burns was arrested many times for picketing publicly.

28

After a week of fasting in jail, Dora Lewis had to be taken to the hospital.

After years of pressure,President Wilson first publicly supported the Anthony

29

Louis Armstrong Changes Emotions of New Orleans With His Music By: Ethan Miller Louis Armstrong impacted the jazz industry and reformed New Orleans after Katrina with his music. His music helped New Orleans regain its strength after the storm. His music inspired the people of New Orleans to never give up.

Louis Armstrong preforms in New Orleans.

30

Louis Armstrong’s album What A Wonderful World.

Louis Armstrong’s album titled Satchmo.

31

Matthew Shepard’s Death Shocks the Public By: Eliza Nieset

October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard is a beautiful book of poems that shows the horrid reality of hate crimes in the U.S. This book is by Lesléa Newman and describes the event and effect of Matthew Shepard’s death.

Matthew Shepard died on October twelfth 1998 and October Mourning was published fourteen years later in 2012 This book is for the most part very solemn and sad, with the exception of poems narrated by Aaron McKinney, one

The cover of October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard.

of Matthew’s murderers, and other people against homosexuals. Aaron McKinney said “I don’t like gay people.

is also a repeating narrator throughout

As far as Matt is concerned, I don’t have

the book. The doe on the back of the

any remorse,” whereas Russell

cover is another narrator in the book.

Henderson says “I’m still trying to figure it

After Matthew death, Dennis and Judy

out; why I did what I did.” The image of

Shepard, Matthew’s parents, started a

the fence on the cover is a

foundation called The Matthew Shepard

representation of the fence Matthew was

foundation. The Matthew Shepard Act,

bound to and left to die on. The fence is

also known as the Hate Crimes Act, has

now a symbol of Matthew’s life and the

a growing number of signatures including

e ff e c t M a t t h e w ’s d e a t h h a d a n d

President Obama’s signature.

continues to have on people. The fence 32

The acceptance of homosexuals is still not as widely accepted as some people believe it should be, but the support of gay rights has grown since Matthew’s death. An Event like this teaches people that they need to stay faithful to the American value of “All men are created equal,” from the U.S. Constitution. They show people that parts of the American Constitution are forgotten and disregarded. These events make people become patriots and make people want to fight for the values we are lucky to have in America. They, most of all, test the patriotism of others. Most of all events like this expose people to the reality of hate.

October Mourning shows the theme of reform by showing people, like Russell Henderson, who had a change of heart towards gay people after Matthew’s death. The book also highlights the theme horrors or hate crimes by describing the horrible way Matthew died. The last major theme is the theme of people joining together to support a

Lesléa Newman

common cause. After Matthew’s death people can together to grieve Matthew’s death and to sign the Matthew Shepard Act. October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard is a wonderful book and portrays the effect of Matthew Shepard’s death and its true reality. October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard shows the terrible effect of hate crimes in the U.S., and shows the theme of reform by portraying people’s change of hearts towards gay rights.

33

Sybil Downing Reveals the Reality Behind the 19th Amendment By: Evie Gomila

!

T

h

e

Vote, written by Sybil Downing, takes its reader back to 1918, when women did not have the right to vote, a right that is The Vote was published in 2006.

taken

for

granted today. In the beginning of The Vote, the reader jumps into a picket in front of the White House being held by Lucy Burns, vice-president of the of the National Women’s Party (NWP) of DC. When Kate, a young women and the protagonist of this novel, sees that the picketers are being jeered at by bystanders who disagree with women being able to vote, she gets out of her taxi and tries to get police to help. In the midst of all the confusion, Kate is arrested with the picketers. From this point on, Kate Brennan dedicates her life to achieving women’s

right to vote. Downing makes Kate’s feelings come to life when she writes, “All of it came rushing out of [Kate’s] heart and onto page after page–the courage of the women she’d come to know, why the government had left them no other choice but to risk prison, why she, too, would risk prison again if she had to… But she had to remain in Washington to do what she could for the cause, for all American Women.” !

This novel is historical fiction and

focusses on the 1910’s when women were struggling to be enfranchised, and WWI is being fought in France. The Vote was published in 2006 by the University of New Mexico Press. !

Lucy Burns takes on the role of

mentoring Kate and turning her into a strong suffragists. Alice Paul, the president of the NWP, is perceived as a strong leader that puts aside her personal life to better the NWP. While living in Washington DC, Kate stays with her friend Millie. Kate meets a man named Charlie Harrison in DC. Kate and Charlie fall in love and become engaged. When the Anthony 34

Amendment was not ratified in the summer of 1918, Kate moves to Denver, Colorado, where women are allowed to vote, to be the vice-president of the local NWP. !

Kate and Mary Daly travel Colorado

to try and convince women to vote for Phipps, a republican, for Senate because the mostly Democratic Senate did not pass the suffrage Amendment. The opponent,

Sybil Downing wrote the novel The Vote to reveal the fight women put up in order to gain their suffrage.

Senator Shafroth, who is up for re-election, is a Democrat and family friend to the Brennans. During 1918, World War I was

struggle, determination, and patience

being fought in France, this made political

women needed to have in order to achieve

leaders unable to concentrate on the “war”

their suffrage.

going on in their nation between suffragist

!

and the rest of America.

reform. Kate Brennan, and many other

!

The Vote develops the theme of

women, dedicate their life to enfranchising

inequality between genders. Kate Brennan,

all American women and changing the

Lucy Burns, Alice Paul, and Mary Daly all

insulting views of women held by many at

spend their lives fighting for their suffrage

that time. This novel is a necessary read

and breaking the walls between genders in

for anyone studying women’s suffrage. The

politics. Sybil Downing wrote this novel

Vote provides all points of view on the the

with a tone of persistence and

subject of women’s suffrage and makes

determination.

the struggle of women’s rights come to life.

!

After reading this book and seeing

Towards the end of the novel the pace

how long it took and hard it was to achieve

begins to slow down but when the novel is

women’s suffrage, the reader has a new

completed, the reader will fully understand

understanding of the importance and

all the work it took to make the 19th

freedom of being able to vote and the

Amendment become a reality.

The Vote develops the theme of

35

Chasing Justice By: Mary Matthews Parsons

Margaret Peterson Haddix's book,

strike against the Triangle Shirtwaist

Uprising (published in 2007), is about

Factory because the factory will not pay

two immagrant girls and a rich girl, in

them their full pay. Jane goes to the

1910, who fight for justice agaist the

strike for the first time and meets Yetta

Triangle Shirtwaist Company, who will

on the picket line. Jane sees the

not pay any of the girls their full pay.

The book is written in 3rd person view, but tells the story of how the girls meet each other. The  publisher, Simon & Schuster, had made a great decision in publishing this book. "

This book is about how an

i m m i g r a n t f r o m I t a l y, B e l l a , a n Margaret Peterson Haddix

immigrant from Russia, Yetta, and a rich American girl, Jane meet in 1910,

strikers being beaten by policemen that

New York. Bella is "fresh of the boat"

were hired by the Triangle Factory to

and came to America because she

break the strike. The women stay

needed to save her family from

strong and Jane is inspired by the girls'

starving. Yetta has been in America for

determination and strength.

a few years with her older sister, Rehal.

"

Jane is a rich American girl who has

younger women who want to learn

gone to finishing school and although

more on the subject of Worker's rights

she has everything a poor girl could

because the book really  shows, in

dream of, she still wants more, she

great detail, how hard it was to work in

wants to be let out of her cage so she

a factory in the early 1900's. This book

can rome free. Bella and Yetta go on

would be great for someone who did

This would be an ideal book for

36

not know much on the subject of

The book also touches

Women's Rights because it really

on poverty in the early

expands the explanation of Women's

1900's but it is not a

Rights by telling a story of three string

major theme.

women who have been treated unfairly..

"

This book would also be ideal for

very interesting view on

someone who is a feminist because the

Women's Rights and

book is about three young women,

Workers' Rights. The book explained the

fighting for justice, freedom and, their

two topics by telling a story that was

rights.

depressing, but uplifting at the same time

"

There are two major historical

because even though they went through

themes in this book. One of them is

rough patches and hard spots, their

Worker's Rights. Bella and Yetta work in

friendship kept them sane "For the rest

a factory that keeps them overtime

of the evening, they gathered around the

without pay, charges them for any little

rose as if it were a roaring fire. They

thing that breaks (for example a needle),

stared at the rose while they ate their

does not pay them their full pay, ever,

potatoes and pickled herring; while Jane

and does not allow them to use the

read to them from the newspaper they'd

bathroom most of the time, and even

found frozen onto the sidewalk and

when they are allowed to use the

carefully thawed out over the stove;

bathroom, they are "watched". The other

while Bella told the story, again and

major historical theme is Women's

again, of going in search of the rose and

Suffrage. Yetta is a head strong, feminist

standing up to the surly sales clerk". The

who thinks that the world will be better if

book shows reform by telling the story of

women could vote. Jane also wants

the hardship of being a girl who must

women to have the right to make their

work to stay alive in 1910 before women

own decisions, like weather or not they

were given the right to vote but were

should go to college or who to marry.

ready to.

The book was a

37

Muckrakers Expose Corruption By: Edward Schreiner

in the world right now, worth over 1 Muckrakers was written by Ann Bausum, and was published in 2007, by

trillion dollars, and would most likely still be as corrupt as ever.

the National Geographic society. The

Lincoln Steffens is another

genre of this book is nonfiction and it

journalists that Ann Bausum focuses on

mainly talks about reform minded

in Muckrakers. Lincoln Steffens is sent

journalists or, Muckrakers, which is what

out of the door of his office by his boss

they were called in the late 1800s and

who tells him to find a juicy news story.

the early 1900s. The book ,Muckrakers,

Steffens follows his senses all the way to

talks about the original muckraking

St.Louis, Missouri. There he hears about

magazine, McLure’s Magazine, and how

the corruption and evils of a street boss

muckrakers changed society. The book

named Ed Butler. Butler is a greedy,

contains many pictures, usually ones

profit-driven man who is willing to bribe

showing the hardships of whoever the

and threaten people to get what he

journalist is talking about. In the book

wants. Steffens meets with the region’s

there are three main journalists that Ann

newly elected circuit attorney, Joseph

Bausum focuses on, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln

Folk. Folk is scared straight about what

Steffens, and Upton Sinclair.

Butler will do to him if he exposes Butler.

Ida Tarbell researched for three

Steffens stays and researches for a

years before writing an article that

while and then hires a local journalist to

exposed the wrongdoings and

write up an article about Ed Butler. The

corruptions of the oil giant, Standard Oil.

local journalist is also scared from Butler

The article that she wrote led to a

so he leaves out key information about

supreme court case that ruled Standard

Butler’s corruption. This makes Steffens

Oil an illegal monopoly. If it were not for

mad and he decides to put in all of the

the hard work of Ida Tarbell, Standard Oil

key information himself. The local

would be one of the largest monopolies

journalist says that he cannot have his 38

name only on the article so the article

The Jungle, about

is published with a double byline.

how horrible the

The third journalist that Ann

working conditions

Bausum talks about is Upton Sinclair.

were for these

This part of the book may be too

workers in the

graphic for some younger readers.

meatpacking

Upton Sinclair takes it upon himself to

industry. The novel

research about the poor working

was

conditions of workers in the

misinterpreted by

meatpacking industry. He disguises

the public, because most people

himself as a worker at the factory and

thought that the novel was about

acts like a normal worker. He manages

making sure that you eat healthy food.

widely

Muckrakers was written by Ann Bausum.

to slip into the factory and what he finds there is extremely unsanitary and

The book, Muckrakers, is a

dangerous working conditions.

very objective novel that talks about

Workers stand in the blood of

early reform journalism. This book will

slaughtered animals and diseased rats

pull at your rebellious side and make

roam around on the floor. Flies are

you want to do the right thing. This

everywhere and the smell is horrific.

book is very much based on politics

Workers had to slit the throats of dead

and governmental corruption. Overall

or dying animals. Workers in these

Muckrakers is a good book to read if

factories usually worked ten or more

you want to learn about journalism

hour shifts, six days a week with no

specifically reform journalism from the

vacation, and no paid sick days.

late 1800s and early 1900s.

Sinclair continued to act as a worker for about seven weeks and eventually felt that he was prepared to begin writing. Sinclair wrote a novel called, 39

Janet Taylor Lisle Writes About Liquor Prohibition By: Ethan Miller

David and his best friend Jeddy find

Robert was a rumrunner at the age of 20

themselves on the beach hunting lobsters

through the age of 40. He is 80 years old

for dinner. They stumble upon something

and still lived in town. David did not have

in the water which they

the desire to see him.

soon find out is a dead

Ruben Hart and David

body. In Black Duck David

have many meetings when

Petterson, his friend

they talk about the

Jeddy, Ruben Hart, and

rumrunners and Rubens

Charlie are on a quest to

relative Robert Hart who

figure out who, where,

was a former rumrunner.

what, and how this body

David does find out some

got to the beach, they will

information about the

also go on an adventure to

rumrunners and what they

find the Black Duck and

did.

the rumrunners. The Black

Black Duck by: Janet Taylor Lisle

!

Throughout the novel

Duck is a speed boat that the rumrunners

the reader will learn about liquor

use to quickly come into the beach and

prohibition. The reader will also learn

buy and sell liquor.

about the situations that David and Jeddy

!

Black Duck is a fiction novel based

get into as the novel goes on. The

on liquor prohibition based in the 1920’s

situations are action packed, exciting, and

when liquor prohibition was most

full of energy. The theme of reform is

recognized. The rumrunners were the

showed in the novel when David and

worst cause of the Prohibition because

Jeddy and the police try to keep the

they would illegally ship liquor in and out

rumrunners from taking liquor to the ports

of ports and beaches. They were bad

and beaches. David and Jeddy also have

people who stole, killed, and robbed. In

a friendship issue when David lies to

the novel Ruben Hart’s relative was

Jeddy about Mr.Riely going to jail. David

Robert Hart who was a former rumrunner.

does not tell Jeddy that he lied until they

begin working on the investigation again.

Liquor Prohibition in a better way. The

Jeddy forgives David and they begin to

novel is a fiction book but it does have

investigate the case again.

the reality of rumrunners and Liquor Prohibition.

!

Black Duck is overall a great book

that helps the reader to understand

Olay