Century of Reform
Table of Contents Arts
History F.D.R Reforms the U.S. Economy Women Win the Right to Vote Obama Raises Minimum Wage Texas Abortion Laws Tried in Supreme Court Reforming the levees in New Orleans
How FDR Reformed the US Economy Suffragist Cause Becomes
Page 3 Page 3
Page 4 Page 5
Page 6
Page 11-12
Page 26-27
Matthew Shepard’s Death is Grieved by the Public Photographs of Women Fighting for Their Suffrage Reminds us of Their
Page 28-29
Struggles Louis Armstrong Changes Emotions of New Orleans People Who Made a Difference about Minimum Wage
Page 30-31
Page 32-33
Page 34-35
Page 13-14
Successful Because of the 19th Amendment People who worked to Make Page 16-17 Gay Rights Accepted Norma Rae Changes People’s Views on Workers Rights Big Faces in Liquor Prohibition Timeline
How Artwork Affected Reform During the Great Depression
Page 18-19 Page 20-21 Page 22-23
Matthew Shepard’s Death Shocks the Public Sybil Downing Reveals the Reality Behind the 19th Amendment Chasing Justice Muckrakers Exposed Corruption Janet Taylor Lisle Writes About Liquor Prohibition
Page 32 Page 34
Page 36 Page 38 Page 36 1
The News‌ Reform
2
FDR Reforms US Economy By:Edward Schreiner !
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ,also known as
!
The New Deal proved to be successful in
FDR by many, was elected in November, 1932. As
the short term, but its long term effects were
president of the USA during the Great Depression,
questionable. The New Deal was very effective in
Roosevelt was faced with the challenge of
terms of providing relief to failing businesses and
reforming the US economy during a time when
getting unemployed citizens back on their feet and
about 13,000,000 people were unemployed and
working. The biggest problem with the New Deal
almost all banks were closed. Within Roosevelt’s
was that it did not effectively end the Great
first 100 days as President of the United States, he
Depression nor did it help out the economy much
had already proposed a solution to help the
in the long term. Even with it’s downfalls the New
economy recover from the Great Depression. This
Deal helped the US economy during some of it’s
solution was called the New Deal.
worst times. See; Franklin Delano Roosevelt Reforms the US Economy, continued on Pg. 7
Women Win the Right to Vote !
By: Evie Gomila In 1920, after 100
major topic of discussion in the
years of fighting, the
early 1900’s when Western
women of America
states began to allow women to
finally were given the
vote. Women continued to
right to vote. One of
struggle
America’s most famous
enfranchisement on the federal
sayings is that all
level.
citizens are given the
!
right to life, liberty, and
groups were the National
pursuit of happiness,
American Woman Suffrage
but women were not given the liberty to vote
The National Women’s Party was very active when protesting for what they believed was right.
until 1920. !
for
their
Tw o m a i n s u f f r a g e
Association (NAWSA) and the National Women’s Party (NWP). NAWSA was led by Carrie Chapman
American Women fought for suffrage for 100
Catt and used campaigns to achieve women’s
years. Susan B. Anthony was one of the first and
suffrage. NWP was led by Alice Paul and used
most well known suffragist. Because of her work in
more aggressive tactics such as picketing the
the 1800’s, the 19th Amendment is known as the
White House and pressuring government officials to
Anthony Amendment. Women’s suffrage became a
support the Anthony Amendment. Lucy Burns, who See; Women Win the Vote, continued on Pg. 8
3
Obama Raises Minimum Wage By: Mary Matthews Parsons
President Barack Obama had decided to
raise minimum wage. Two democrat senators
last thing we want to do is have even fewer jobs for younger people." is what Mitch McConnell said on the topic.
came up with the idea of raising minimum wage.
"No one who works a full
The original amount they wanted to raise minimum
time job should have to live in
wage to was $9.00, but it was decided that that
poverty." - Barack Obama
would be too little an amount of money, and not change much. Obama wanted to raise minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.00 an hour. Even though
71% of the population voted in favor of raising the minimum wage rate. These people believed that
this would lower the number of
by raising minimum wage,
people in poverty, it would
they would lower the number
c re a t e j o b p ro b l e m s f o r
of people in poverty. More
others. This 2014 issue had
families would be able to
created debates throughout
afford better food and shelter
the country.
for themselves and would drift
Many people had
above the federal poverty line
problems with the raising of
(the metaphorical line that
minimum wage. People thought that raising minimum wage would destroy jobs for
divides people who make a Barack Obama
younger people,of the ages 18-30. They thought this because the businesses would not have the money to keep up with rise, and as a result would not be able to hire more people. These businesses might have even had to fire people because they would have to pay thee workers more money. Even though President Obama was trying to raise the number of people who were employed, but raising minimum wage could lower the number of people with jobs due to the expense that the businesses would have to pay. "We have a crisis in employment among young people right now, and generation 18 to 30, people that got out of college, are finding there are no jobs for them. The
certain amount of money from these who don’t). This would drastically changes the lives of the employed poor because they would have more to live off of. "No one who works a full time job should have to live in poverty." said Barack Obama in retort to these problems.
The change in the minimum wage from
$7.25 to $10.00 would have changed the society greatly, possibly for a positive reason or for a negative reason. It could have destroyed jobs for young people all over the country, it could have created new opportunities for families and people everywhere. It could have made businesses have to fire or not be able to fire young people, or it could have been a ticket for people to rise above the federal poverty line.
4
Taxes Abortion Laws Tried in Supreme Court By: Eliza Nieset In 1973, Texas resident, Jane Roe, got pregnant
The Supreme Court officially decided that the
even though she was single. Ms. Roe decided
Te x a s s t a t e l a w s o n a b o r t i o n w e r e
she wanted to terminate her pregnancy but was
unconstitutional. They decided that abortion
unable to do to
should be legal in the first trimester and second
Te x a s s t a t e
trimester of pregnancy, but it continues to be a
laws. Ms. Roe
felony to have an abortion in the third trimester of
decided to file
pregnancy.
a court case against the d i s t r i c t attorney of Dallas County, Henry Wade. She believed that these
The Supreme Court jurists for the case.
laws violated her Jane Roe
fi r s t ,
fourth, ninth, and fourteenth amendment rights. She
Dasani water
also believed that these laws violated her “zone of privacy.” !
The Texas state laws about abortion stated
that receiving or attempting to receive an abortion was illegal, unless it was performed to save the mother’s life. If this law was violated, it was
Water For Adventurers
considered a felony. In Ms. Roe’s first trial she won, but Wade appealed to a higher court. Ms. Roe and Wade ended up in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court trial resulted in a seven to two decision in favor of Ms. Roe. Mary Matthews Parsons
5
Reforming the Levees In New Orleans By: Ethan Miller !
In 2005 hurricane Katrina destroyed New
people in New Orleans to rebuild them so they
Orleans and the levees when the floods and wind
reached out to other cities asking if anyone would
hit the levees. The reforming of the levees was
help rebuild the levees. New Orleans was given
the region’s most positive change after the
50,000 people plus the many people in New
hurricane. In 2006 the people of New Orleans and
Orleans who were going to help rebuild the
cities all over the country joined forces to rebuild
levees.
the levees. They rebuilt the levees to lift the city and to protect New Orleans from any further flooding and storms. The levees helped protect New Orleans from any other floods, storms, and hurricanes. ! !
“94% of New Orleans voted to rebuild the levees.”
Katrina destroys levees.
!
The levees were rebuilt after Katrina and they !
They could not rebuild and reform the
looked better than they ever were. The levees
levees without making sure that the people of
also protected the city much better than the
New Orleans wanted to put forth a huge amount
levees that were destroyed during hurricane
of money to rebuild the levees. The vote was very
Katrina. The result of the finished levees pleased
positive and 94% of New Orleans voted to rebuild
the people of New Orleans and had them with no
the levees. They were not able to get enough See: Reforming the Levees in New Orleans, continued on Pg. 9
Lowe’s Never Stop Improving
6
FDR Reforms US Economy, continued from Pg. 3
!
The New Deal was especially used through
Administration employed over 8.5 million people
the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
for an average monthly salary of 41 dollars and
Authority. The Tennessee Valley Authority was a
fi f t y s e v e n c e n t s . T h e Wo r k s P r o g r e s s
relief corporation founded by congress in 1933.
Administration provided mostly jobs in the
The Tennessee Valley Authority was established in
construction industry such as building public
order to provide quick relief to many different
parks, building bridges, and paving roads.
issues that people
The Works Progress
encountered such as environmental issues, technological issues, and economical issues.
low-cost electricity to over 9 million people
at improving the
Administration employed over
economy
8.5 million people for an average
e c o n o m y.
The Tennessee Valley Authority also provided
Recovery was aimed and
restoring order to the The
A g r i c u l t u r a l
monthly salary of 41 dollars and
Adjustment Plan was made to help farmers
fifty seven cents.
stay in business and
during the Great
therefore help
Depression. The Tennessee Valley Authority
support the economy.
ended up greatly helping out the US economy
The last “R” is Reform. Reform is about
during the Great Depression. By 1935 the US
keeping the economy from collapsing in the long
economy was making slow progress and starting
term and preventing another depression. The
to be reformed but there was still an enormous
FDIC was established to help prevent another
amount of work to be done.
depression from happening. The 3 r’s proved to be
!
a vital part to the USA getting out of the Great
Franklin Delano Roosevelt aimed all of his
work towards what he thought were the 3 most
Depression.
important parts to reforming the US’s economy.
!
The 3 parts were called the “3 R’s.” The 3 R’s
Delano Roosevelt helped reform the US economy
were Relief, Recover, and Reform.
and get the USA out of the Great Depression.
These are the ways that President Franklin
Relief was aimed at providing quick help to the unemployed. The Works Progress
JUST Professional + Affordable Evie Gomila
Mary Matthews Parsons
7
Women Win the Right to Vote, Continued from Pg. 3
assisted Alice said, “It is unthinkable that a national
fill in for the men’s jobs. This gave women the
government which represents women should ignore
chance to prove that they were worthy of the right to
the issue of the right of all women to political
vote; however, WWI also gave the Senate a reason
freedom.” The Anthony Amendment was voted on in
not to vote on the Amendment because they were
Congress many times but was not passed until
too busy making decisions about the war.
1920, becoming the 19th Amendment and ending
Eventually, Congress decided there were more pros
women’s struggle for suffrage.
than cons and the Anthony Amendment was
The Anthony Amendment was faced with many pros
passed.
and cons when it was discussed in Congress. While some Congressmen supported the Anthony
!
Amendment and believed that life, liberty, and
Wo m e n ’s
pursuit of happiness applied to women as well,
Suffrage was
others disagreed.
Another topic of debate was
one of the
whether or not the women’s suffrage should be a
most debated
state right or federal right. Because so many states
topics of the
in the west already allowed women to vote, many
early 1900’s.
people thought that it should continue to be a state
Women fought
“It is unthinkable that a national government which represents women should ignore the issue of the right of all women to political freedom.” - Lucy Burns
for their voting rights very passionately Women suffragist were put in jail and did not for holding public pickets. stop until they were successful. Carrie Catt proved the persistence of the women when she said, “In the adjustment of the new order of things, we women demand an
right. World War I both helped and caused problems for the Anthony Amendment. All the men had to leave to
equal voice; we shall accept nothing less.” The 19th Amendment is the most significant woman victory in the 19th century.
go fight in France which caused women to have to
Great deals on phone plans Eliza Nieset
8
Reforming the Levees in New Orleans, continued on Pg. 6
worries that New Orleans could be in the same
be. Before that small fix a storm had come
situation again. The new levees were much more
through and taken out part of the levee which
protective and they could protect from a
was close to a bad flood zone and the people
hurricane without having to be rebuilt again. The
living in that part of New Orleans were
next hurricane that hit New Orleans put little
concerned. They were worried that the broken
damage on the new levees. The levees could
levee would be a problem. The problem was
stay the way they are without being repaired.
shortly fixed and all of the levees were in a good
The levees showed to be a big success during
condition and would not need to be reformed or
the hurricane after Katrina and also after floods
rebuilt for a long period of time.
and big storms, the levees still remained
!
strong.!
helped. Without the fix New Orleans could have
!
The levees held for many years but
been destroyed again if the levees were not fixed
recently had to be fixed because they had been
after hurricane Katrina. Thanks to the people of
weathered by the wind and rain from the past 2
New Orleans and other cities, New Orleans has
years. This rebuilding was a much smaller
been able to be a better protected city because
rebuild but was a necessary fix because the
of the reforming of the levees.
The reforming and rebuilding of the levees
levees were not as protective as they needed to
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Mary Matthews Parsons
9
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10
FDR was president during the Great Depression.
FDR is viewed as one of the greatest US presidents of all time.
How FDR Reformed the US Economy By: Edward Schreiner !
The New Deal was a plan made by
became impoverished and homeless. The
president Franklin Delano Roosevelt to
New Deal played a huge part in reforming
reform the US economy. The US economy
the US economy, and even though it did
was in deep trouble during the great
not end the Great Depression it was a
depression, 1930s-1940s. The Great
major factor in the ultimate ending of the
Depression was the worst economic
Great Depression.
depression of 20th century. Unemployment rates were at an all time high and many people that were once middle class
Unemployment rates were at an all time high during the Great Depression.
11
FDR created the New Deal to help reform the US economy.
A mother tries to support her kids.
12
Suffragists’ Cause Becomes Successful Because of the 19th Amendment By: Evie Gomila The 19th Amendment was not passed easily. Many women and men had to work very hard to accomplish women’s suffrage. Suffragist groups also played a huge role in enfranchising women.
Carrie
Chapman Catt lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900 to 1904 and 1916 to 1920. Alice Paul led the National Women’s Party (NWP) during the fight for women’s suffrage. Lucy Burns was the vice-president of the NWP. She led many riots and pickets to help gain attention for the suffrage cause. Lucy Burns and Alice Paul were often imprisoned after r i o t s because t h e y “obstructed” the sidewalks. Woodrow Wilson was t
h
e
Lucy Burns assisted Alice Paul in leading the National Women’s Party.
Democratic President of the United States when the 19th Amendment was passed. Woodrow Wilson began to show public support for the Anthony Amendment in 1918, when the NWP threatened to have Republican senators elected. Because of these women’s work, and Wilson’s approval, the 19th Amendment was passed and women were enfranchised.
Carrie Chapman Catt began to lead the National American Woman Suffrage Society in 1900.
13
Alice Paul was the President of the National Women’s society when the 19th Amendment passed.
President Woodrow Wilson was the President of the USA when the 19th Amendment passed.
Lucy Burns lead many riots and pickets in order for the women’s suffrage movement to gain attention.
13
People who Worked to Make Gay Rights Accepted By: Eliza Nieset Harvy Milk
Barack Obama
14
Barbara Gittings
Henry Gerber
The work of Henry Gerber,
be manipulated to fit only
Barack Obama, Harvey
certain groups of people.
Milk, Barbara Gittings, and
Thanks to these people
Coretta Scott King has
homosexuals are not
gotten homosexuals to be
outcasts, thanks to these
more widely accepted than
people homosexuals can be
people ever thought gay
freely open about their
rights could become. These
sexuality. These individuals
people demanded that the
work has and continues to
statement “All men are
be noticed
created equal,� should not be ignored and should not Coretta Scott King
15
People Who Made a Difference About Minimum Wage By: Mary Matthews Parsons
The reform of minimum wage, was a big debate
problems with minimum wage and the bosses not
in the country. Obama wanted to raise minimum
paying the workers their entire pay. Minimum
wage from $7.25 to $10.00 per hour. This could
wage has caused serious problems in the past,
cause big problems for the US, destroying jobs
but with the government to help, it soon will be a
for young people all over the country because the
big solution for the problems that face people
owners of businesses would not be able to pay
below the federal poverty line.
the people. Margaret Peterson Hadddix wrote the book called Uprising which touched on the
Margaret Peterson Haddix
Margaret Peterson Haddix
16
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
17
Big Faces in Liquor Prohibition By:Ethan Miller Franklin D Rosevelt signs the Liquor Prohibition
Franklin D Roosevelt
father he was the first
was the president at the
company who made
time that liquor
glass bottled beer. He
prohibition was at its
was also the most
peak. Franklin D
powerful brewer of his
Roosevelt was the
time. Leader of the
president who repealed
Chicago crime. He had
liquor prohibition. He
a successful mobster
repealed it in 1933.
group and was one of
Nelson Van Alden and
the most successful
Eric Sebso were
mobsters in his time.
enforcers of the
Harry Daugherty is also
prohibition of liquor. The
a law enforcer mainly
image called Jews and
an enforcer on the
Booze. Nelson Van
liquor prohibition.
Nelson Van Alden and Eric Sebso drink as they talk about liquor prohibition.
Alden was jewish and was also an enforcer of the prohibition of liquor. Adolphus Busch was a new brewer at the time of liquor prohibition. Partnering with his Adolphus Busch continues to brew his famous beer.
18
Harry Daugherty talks with a man about liquor prohibition.
Al Capone laughs as he talks about his mobster career.
19
Carrie Catt leads National American Women’s Suffrage Association
1900 1904
1910
Setting for Uprising
1918
Women’s suffrage is considered by Woodrow Wilson
Setting for The Vote
1918
1920
Women gain the right to vote
Black Duck Setting
1920s
Muckrakers setting
1930
1973
1998
Jane Roe takes her pro choice case all the way to the Supreme Court where she manages to change Texas state law on abortion
October Morning Setting
20
Hurricane Katrina destroys levees
2005
Levees are rebuilt after being destroyed by Katrina
2006
Uprising is published 2006
Black Duck is published
2009
2007
Muckrakers is published
2007
2014
Levees are rebuilt again after more storms and flooding
Obama raises minimum wage
21 Edward Schreiner
National Abortion Federation By the age of 45,1 in 2.5 women have had an abortion in the US. Don’t feel alone. Visit prochoice.org for more information.
Best detangaling brush in the world 22
The Arts‌ Reform
23
How Artwork Affected Reform During The Great Depression By: Edward Schreiner
Art such as, paintings and posters, played a major role in the reformation of the US economy after and during the Great Depression. Some paintings showed people hard at work, these paintings motivated others to go to work for organizations such as the Works Progress Administration, or WPA. Other paintings were made to recruit people to work for organizations such as the Works Progress Administration. The Works Progress Administration also employed many artists. Art was a big factor in reforming the US economy during and after the Great ! Depression.
Three men cutting wood
24
An advertisement for the Civilian Conservation Corps
An advertisement for the Works Progress Administration to recruit workers
25
Matthew Shepard’s is Grieved by the Public By: Eliza Nieset
Groups of people in angle costumes block hate posters at Matthew Shepard’s funeral.
People set up monorails for Matthew Shepard and other hate crimes victims.
26
The tragic death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student, shocked the public. Matthew Shepard was beaten to death by Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson,which lead Matthew Shepard
to the Matthew Shepard Act, which is also known as the Hate Crimes Law. Members of the Matthew Shepard Foundation blocked hate signs outside Matthew’s funeral by wearing large white angel costumes.
Matthew Shepard died in October of 1998.
27
Photographs of Women Fighting for their Suffrage Remind Us of Their Struggle By: Evie Gomila Women often used newspapers to help gain support for the suffrage cause. Pictures of the women protesting would be published in newspapers. These pictures made the protests famous which helped The NWP constantly pressured the president to support the Anthony Amendment.
support their cause. One of the National Women’s Party’s tactics was to pressure the president to support
the Anthony Amendment. When photos of women holding up signs saying, “Mr. President, How Long must women wait for liberty?” were published, there was no way for Wilson to avoid the topic,
and other readers may have thought he was a coward for not responding. After
going on a hunger strike for almost a week in jail, Dora Lewis was to weak to walk out to her car without the help from other National Women’s Party members. When the photo of Dora walking to the car was published in a newspaper,
it helped gain sympathy from the
newspaper’s audience, and made the audience want to change how women were treated. Women used photos published in various newspapers to help galvanize public attention toward women’s suffrage.
Lucy Burns was arrested many times for picketing publicly.
28
After a week of fasting in jail, Dora Lewis had to be taken to the hospital.
After years of pressure,President Wilson first publicly supported the Anthony
29
Louis Armstrong Changes Emotions of New Orleans With His Music By: Ethan Miller Louis Armstrong impacted the jazz industry and reformed New Orleans after Katrina with his music. His music helped New Orleans regain its strength after the storm. His music inspired the people of New Orleans to never give up.
Louis Armstrong preforms in New Orleans.
30
Louis Armstrong’s album What A Wonderful World.
Louis Armstrong’s album titled Satchmo.
31
Matthew Shepard’s Death Shocks the Public By: Eliza Nieset
October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard is a beautiful book of poems that shows the horrid reality of hate crimes in the U.S. This book is by Lesléa Newman and describes the event and effect of Matthew Shepard’s death. Matthew Shepard died on October twelfth 1998 and October Mourning was published fourteen years later in 2012 This book is for the most part very solemn and sad, with the exception of poems narrated by Aaron McKinney, one
The cover of October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard.
of Matthew’s murderers, and other people against homosexuals. Aaron McKinney said “I don’t like gay people.
is also a repeating narrator throughout
As far as Matt is concerned, I don’t have
the book. The doe on the back of the
any remorse,” whereas Russell
cover is another narrator in the book.
Henderson says “I’m still trying to figure it
After Matthew death, Dennis and Judy
out; why I did what I did.” The image of
Shepard, Matthew’s parents, started a
the fence on the cover is a
foundation called The Matthew Shepard
representation of the fence Matthew was
foundation. The Matthew Shepard Act,
bound to and left to die on. The fence is
also known as the Hate Crimes Act, has
now a symbol of Matthew’s life and the
a growing number of signatures including
e ff e c t M a t t h e w ’s d e a t h h a d a n d
President Obama’s signature.
continues to have on people. The fence 32
The acceptance of homosexuals is still not as widely accepted as some people believe it should be, but the support of gay rights has grown since Matthew’s death. An Event like this teaches people that they need to stay faithful to the American value of “All men are created equal,” from the U.S. Constitution. They show people that parts of the American Constitution are forgotten and disregarded. These events make people become patriots and make people want to fight for the values we are lucky to have in America. They, most of all, test the patriotism of others. Most of all events like this expose people to the reality of hate. October Mourning shows the theme of reform by showing people, like Russell Henderson, who had a change of heart towards gay people after Matthew’s death. The book also highlights the theme horrors or hate crimes by describing the horrible way Matthew died. The last major theme is the theme of people joining together to support a
Lesléa Newman
common cause. After Matthew’s death people can together to grieve Matthew’s death and to sign the Matthew Shepard Act. October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard is a wonderful book and portrays the effect of Matthew Shepard’s death and its true reality. October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard shows the terrible effect of hate crimes in the U.S., and shows the theme of reform by portraying people’s change of hearts towards gay rights.
33
Sybil Downing Reveals the Reality Behind the 19th Amendment By: Evie Gomila
!
T
h
e
Vote, written by Sybil Downing, takes its reader back to 1918, when women did not have the right to vote, a right that is The Vote was published in 2006.
taken
for
granted today. In the beginning of The Vote, the reader jumps into a picket in front of the White House being held by Lucy Burns, vice-president of the of the National Women’s Party (NWP) of DC. When Kate, a young women and the protagonist of this novel, sees that the picketers are being jeered at by bystanders who disagree with women being able to vote, she gets out of her taxi and tries to get police to help. In the midst of all the confusion, Kate is arrested with the picketers. From this point on, Kate Brennan dedicates her life to achieving women’s
right to vote. Downing makes Kate’s feelings come to life when she writes, “All of it came rushing out of [Kate’s] heart and onto page after page–the courage of the women she’d come to know, why the government had left them no other choice but to risk prison, why she, too, would risk prison again if she had to… But she had to remain in Washington to do what she could for the cause, for all American Women.” !
This novel is historical fiction and
focusses on the 1910’s when women were struggling to be enfranchised, and WWI is being fought in France. The Vote was published in 2006 by the University of New Mexico Press. !
Lucy Burns takes on the role of
mentoring Kate and turning her into a strong suffragists. Alice Paul, the president of the NWP, is perceived as a strong leader that puts aside her personal life to better the NWP. While living in Washington DC, Kate stays with her friend Millie. Kate meets a man named Charlie Harrison in DC. Kate and Charlie fall in love and become engaged. When the Anthony 34
Amendment was not ratified in the summer of 1918, Kate moves to Denver, Colorado, where women are allowed to vote, to be the vice-president of the local NWP. !
Kate and Mary Daly travel Colorado
to try and convince women to vote for Phipps, a republican, for Senate because the mostly Democratic Senate did not pass the suffrage Amendment. The opponent,
Sybil Downing wrote the novel The Vote to reveal the fight women put up in order to gain their suffrage.
Senator Shafroth, who is up for re-election, is a Democrat and family friend to the Brennans. During 1918, World War I was
struggle, determination, and patience
being fought in France, this made political
women needed to have in order to achieve
leaders unable to concentrate on the “war”
their suffrage.
going on in their nation between suffragist
!
and the rest of America.
reform. Kate Brennan, and many other
!
The Vote develops the theme of
women, dedicate their life to enfranchising
inequality between genders. Kate Brennan,
all American women and changing the
Lucy Burns, Alice Paul, and Mary Daly all
insulting views of women held by many at
spend their lives fighting for their suffrage
that time. This novel is a necessary read
and breaking the walls between genders in
for anyone studying women’s suffrage. The
politics. Sybil Downing wrote this novel
Vote provides all points of view on the the
with a tone of persistence and
subject of women’s suffrage and makes
determination.
the struggle of women’s rights come to life.
!
After reading this book and seeing
Towards the end of the novel the pace
how long it took and hard it was to achieve
begins to slow down but when the novel is
women’s suffrage, the reader has a new
completed, the reader will fully understand
understanding of the importance and
all the work it took to make the 19th
freedom of being able to vote and the
Amendment become a reality.
The Vote develops the theme of
35
Chasing Justice By: Mary Matthews Parsons
Margaret Peterson Haddix's book,
strike against the Triangle Shirtwaist
Uprising (published in 2007), is about
Factory because the factory will not pay
two immagrant girls and a rich girl, in
them their full pay. Jane goes to the
1910, who fight for justice agaist the
strike for the first time and meets Yetta
Triangle Shirtwaist Company, who will
on the picket line. Jane sees the
not pay any of the girls their full pay. The book is written in 3rd person view, but tells the story of how the girls meet each other. The  publisher, Simon & Schuster, had made a great decision in publishing this book. "
This book is about how an
i m m i g r a n t f r o m I t a l y, B e l l a , a n Margaret Peterson Haddix
immigrant from Russia, Yetta, and a rich American girl, Jane meet in 1910,
strikers being beaten by policemen that
New York. Bella is "fresh of the boat"
were hired by the Triangle Factory to
and came to America because she
break the strike. The women stay
needed to save her family from
strong and Jane is inspired by the girls'
starving. Yetta has been in America for
determination and strength.
a few years with her older sister, Rehal.
"
Jane is a rich American girl who has
younger women who want to learn
gone to finishing school and although
more on the subject of Worker's rights
she has everything a poor girl could
because the book really  shows, in
dream of, she still wants more, she
great detail, how hard it was to work in
wants to be let out of her cage so she
a factory in the early 1900's. This book
can rome free. Bella and Yetta go on
would be great for someone who did
This would be an ideal book for
36
not know much on the subject of
The book also touches
Women's Rights because it really
on poverty in the early
expands the explanation of Women's
1900's but it is not a
Rights by telling a story of three string
major theme.
women who have been treated unfairly..
"
This book would also be ideal for
very interesting view on
someone who is a feminist because the
Women's Rights and
book is about three young women,
Workers' Rights. The book explained the
fighting for justice, freedom and, their
two topics by telling a story that was
rights.
depressing, but uplifting at the same time
"
There are two major historical
because even though they went through
themes in this book. One of them is
rough patches and hard spots, their
Worker's Rights. Bella and Yetta work in
friendship kept them sane "For the rest
a factory that keeps them overtime
of the evening, they gathered around the
without pay, charges them for any little
rose as if it were a roaring fire. They
thing that breaks (for example a needle),
stared at the rose while they ate their
does not pay them their full pay, ever,
potatoes and pickled herring; while Jane
and does not allow them to use the
read to them from the newspaper they'd
bathroom most of the time, and even
found frozen onto the sidewalk and
when they are allowed to use the
carefully thawed out over the stove;
bathroom, they are "watched". The other
while Bella told the story, again and
major historical theme is Women's
again, of going in search of the rose and
Suffrage. Yetta is a head strong, feminist
standing up to the surly sales clerk". The
who thinks that the world will be better if
book shows reform by telling the story of
women could vote. Jane also wants
the hardship of being a girl who must
women to have the right to make their
work to stay alive in 1910 before women
own decisions, like weather or not they
were given the right to vote but were
should go to college or who to marry.
ready to.
The book was a
37
Muckrakers Expose Corruption By: Edward Schreiner
in the world right now, worth over 1 Muckrakers was written by Ann Bausum, and was published in 2007, by
trillion dollars, and would most likely still be as corrupt as ever.
the National Geographic society. The
Lincoln Steffens is another
genre of this book is nonfiction and it
journalists that Ann Bausum focuses on
mainly talks about reform minded
in Muckrakers. Lincoln Steffens is sent
journalists or, Muckrakers, which is what
out of the door of his office by his boss
they were called in the late 1800s and
who tells him to find a juicy news story.
the early 1900s. The book ,Muckrakers,
Steffens follows his senses all the way to
talks about the original muckraking
St.Louis, Missouri. There he hears about
magazine, McLure’s Magazine, and how
the corruption and evils of a street boss
muckrakers changed society. The book
named Ed Butler. Butler is a greedy,
contains many pictures, usually ones
profit-driven man who is willing to bribe
showing the hardships of whoever the
and threaten people to get what he
journalist is talking about. In the book
wants. Steffens meets with the region’s
there are three main journalists that Ann
newly elected circuit attorney, Joseph
Bausum focuses on, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln
Folk. Folk is scared straight about what
Steffens, and Upton Sinclair.
Butler will do to him if he exposes Butler.
Ida Tarbell researched for three
Steffens stays and researches for a
years before writing an article that
while and then hires a local journalist to
exposed the wrongdoings and
write up an article about Ed Butler. The
corruptions of the oil giant, Standard Oil.
local journalist is also scared from Butler
The article that she wrote led to a
so he leaves out key information about
supreme court case that ruled Standard
Butler’s corruption. This makes Steffens
Oil an illegal monopoly. If it were not for
mad and he decides to put in all of the
the hard work of Ida Tarbell, Standard Oil
key information himself. The local
would be one of the largest monopolies
journalist says that he cannot have his 38
name only on the article so the article
The Jungle, about
is published with a double byline.
how horrible the
The third journalist that Ann
working conditions
Bausum talks about is Upton Sinclair.
were for these
This part of the book may be too
workers in the
graphic for some younger readers.
meatpacking
Upton Sinclair takes it upon himself to
industry. The novel
research about the poor working
was
conditions of workers in the
misinterpreted by
meatpacking industry. He disguises
the public, because most people
himself as a worker at the factory and
thought that the novel was about
acts like a normal worker. He manages
making sure that you eat healthy food.
widely
Muckrakers was written by Ann Bausum.
to slip into the factory and what he finds there is extremely unsanitary and
The book, Muckrakers, is a
dangerous working conditions.
very objective novel that talks about
Workers stand in the blood of
early reform journalism. This book will
slaughtered animals and diseased rats
pull at your rebellious side and make
roam around on the floor. Flies are
you want to do the right thing. This
everywhere and the smell is horrific.
book is very much based on politics
Workers had to slit the throats of dead
and governmental corruption. Overall
or dying animals. Workers in these
Muckrakers is a good book to read if
factories usually worked ten or more
you want to learn about journalism
hour shifts, six days a week with no
specifically reform journalism from the
vacation, and no paid sick days.
late 1800s and early 1900s.
Sinclair continued to act as a worker for about seven weeks and eventually felt that he was prepared to begin writing. Sinclair wrote a novel called, 39
Janet Taylor Lisle Writes About Liquor Prohibition By: Ethan Miller
David and his best friend Jeddy find
Robert was a rumrunner at the age of 20
themselves on the beach hunting lobsters
through the age of 40. He is 80 years old
for dinner. They stumble upon something
and still lived in town. David did not have
in the water which they
the desire to see him.
soon find out is a dead
Ruben Hart and David
body. In Black Duck David
have many meetings when
Petterson, his friend
they talk about the
Jeddy, Ruben Hart, and
rumrunners and Rubens
Charlie are on a quest to
relative Robert Hart who
figure out who, where,
was a former rumrunner.
what, and how this body
David does find out some
got to the beach, they will
information about the
also go on an adventure to
rumrunners and what they
find the Black Duck and
did.
the rumrunners. The Black
Black Duck by: Janet Taylor Lisle
!
Throughout the novel
Duck is a speed boat that the rumrunners
the reader will learn about liquor
use to quickly come into the beach and
prohibition. The reader will also learn
buy and sell liquor.
about the situations that David and Jeddy
!
Black Duck is a fiction novel based
get into as the novel goes on. The
on liquor prohibition based in the 1920’s
situations are action packed, exciting, and
when liquor prohibition was most
full of energy. The theme of reform is
recognized. The rumrunners were the
showed in the novel when David and
worst cause of the Prohibition because
Jeddy and the police try to keep the
they would illegally ship liquor in and out
rumrunners from taking liquor to the ports
of ports and beaches. They were bad
and beaches. David and Jeddy also have
people who stole, killed, and robbed. In
a friendship issue when David lies to
the novel Ruben Hart’s relative was
Jeddy about Mr.Riely going to jail. David
Robert Hart who was a former rumrunner.
does not tell Jeddy that he lied until they
begin working on the investigation again.
Liquor Prohibition in a better way. The
Jeddy forgives David and they begin to
novel is a fiction book but it does have
investigate the case again.
the reality of rumrunners and Liquor Prohibition.
!
Black Duck is overall a great book
that helps the reader to understand
Olay