C EN T U RY O F R EFO RM
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWS A Timeline of Reform, Lydia Greene..............................6 Ending Segregation in the 1900s, Sarah Henry........8 First Major Gay Rights Supreme Court Case that Stirred the Public, Lydia Greene...................10 How World War I Affected the American Suffrage Movement, Zoe Kolenovsky....................12 Campaigning for a Return to Normalcy, Emmett Paton............................................................................14 Women Struggling for Equal Pay, Caroline Picou............................................................................16
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTS Life Being "The Best Reporter in America", Sarah Henry.................................................................20 May Be Gone, but Never Forgotten, Lydia Greene........................................................................22 American Women's Efforts Remembered in The Vote, Zoe Kolenovsky..........................................24 Taking a Ride through the 1920s on a Black Duck, Emmett Paton..................................................28 The Burning Uprising Battle, Caroline Picou..........30 Changing Opinions of the 1900s, Sarah Henry....32 Paying for Murder, Lydia Greene................................34 Famous Activist and Suffragette Becomes Martyr for Women's Rights Movement, Zoe Kolenovsky...................................................................36 Propaganda Persuades the Public, Emmett Paton..........................................................................38 Women Fighting Through Wage Gap, Caroline Picou..........................................................................40 3
The Cola of
4
Champions
New s
5
A Timeline of Refor m
1877
-Jim Crow Laws are put into law
1911
-A spark ignites a piece of cloth and results in one of the worst workplace fires ever.
1917
-US enters World War I
1920
1968
-Prohibition Begins
Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated.
-Warren Harding Elected as the 29th president of the United States.
- 19th amendment passed, giving women the right to vote
6
1978
-Harvey Milk and Mayor Moscone killed.
2006
-The Vote published, set in Washington D.C and Colorado
2007
-Uprising published, set in New York
2012
-October Mourning published, set in Laramie, Wyoming
2016
-10 Days a Madwoman published, set in New York City and Black Wells Island
-Black Duck published, set off the coast of Rhode Island
7
that unequal pay was a major issue, so he at-
Ending Segr egat ion in t he 1900?s
tacked the public school of Louisiana. He sued
the state for paying African American teachers
less money than white teachers. In 1940
Tureaud won the lawsuit and schools began to
By Sarah Henry
pay equally which pleased many people.
In World War II, many African Americans Racial
joined the army to prove that they are
discrimi-
nation 1900s
the
worthy of living in America and that they
caused
should be treated equally because they
in
were willing to fight for their country.
tremendous the
The president realized that America
south and their
needed the help, so he signed a docu-
people.
Many
ment that officially integrated the armed
Louisiana
resi-
forces.
damage to
dents wanted to
Martin Luther King "I Have a Dream
stop the recon- Speech struction of the segregation. The Ku Klux Klan was an example of people who wanted to end integration. They were a group of white citizens who made public statements about the issues of integration. For example, they would torture the people of a different race for trying to vote by burning down their houses, or even murdering them.
The issue of segregation led many
African Americans to protest their rights. A
group of people led a boycott because they
thought that there were too many reserved
seats for whites and not enough for everyone
else. After the boycott, the state agreed, and so
they reserved two rows for whites instead of
10. One of the most important protests was the
Martin Luther King Jr. speech, I Have a Dream.
The 1960's Civil Rights Movement mainly re-
This speech made even whites want to inte-
volved around the Jim Crow Laws. The Jim Crow
grate and led many people to change their
laws created two groups, blacks, and whites.
minds. In his speech, he explains his dream of
Do to the segregation, there was no such thing
integration. He explains that he dreams that
as equal pay. Attorney A.P. Tureaud believed
one day everyone will realize that blacks are
8
more than just a skin color. He believes that the
d people couldn?t stop the integration because s they can?t stop moving forward. ?If you can?t fly,
0 then run, if you can?t run, then walk, if you can?t o walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving forward?-Martin Luther King Jr.
s April 3, 1968, was the date of the devastating
AM ERICAN
e assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., causing
y the public to mourn over the end of their
y leader.
y. Sometime in the 1950s and 1960s, segregation a was banned in the Louisiana State University after many protests. More and more schools
d became integrated until finally in 1964, the Civil Rights Act outlawed segregation in colleges, hotels, restaurants, and schools. This offi-
y cially ended the Jim Crow era and began a new A world for everyone.
y
d
e
o
YOU CAN SAVE A LIFE
f
e
.
r
f
t
e
9
The Fir st Major Gay Right s Supr eme Cour t Case t hat St ir r ed t he Public
Romer, the previous governor of Colorado, had a
By Lydia Greene
came concerned over the passings of Colorado
record because he "denied special rights and protection to homosexuals," which caused his name to be remembered negatively because he was against the homosexual's fight for freedom. In early 1991, citizens of Colorado Springs be-
municipalities granting minority status protec-
Roy G. Romer was the governor of Colorado from 1978-1982.
The Evans
tion to homosexuals and not to any other citi-
vs. Romer case
zens. In response to these one- sided laws, an
is
considered
organization called Colorado for Family Values
one of the most
dedicated to the repeal of all such laws. In Au-
controversial
gust of 1991, the CFV submitted the second
Supreme Court
amendment to Colorado's constitution. This
cases that re-
amendment would prohibit state and local gov-
garded
Gay
ernments "from enacting, adopting, or enforcing
Rights. Richard
any law that would give special rights to homo-
J. Evans repre-
sexuals.?On November 3, 1992, the popular vote
sented the ho-
passed Colorado's second amendment. The ho-
mosexual?s
mosexuals were extremely agitated that all of
point of view, and Roy G. Romer was the Gover-
their work to make being gay socially accept-
nor of Colorado. Romer was against the minority
able was erased.
laws that only benefited people who were LGBT. The Colorado for Family Values group, with Will Perkins as the chairman, wanted to create an amendment that would abolish these Laws that gave homosexuals benefits that did not include others.
On May 20, 1996, the second amendment that was added to Colorado's constitution that prohibited laws protecting the rights of homosexuals was the first case the Supreme Court declared sexual orientation discrimination that violated protected rights. Gay Rights activists
10
viewed the "Romer Decision" as a glimmer of hope that the United States Supreme Court was
Richard G Evans was an administrator for Denver. from
finally
homosexual contradict each other by wanting
breaking
a second amendment in Colorado and not.
from
Romer vs. Evans was still the stepping stone
their
for a large number of laws, and several state
conserv-
amendments that listed rights that were im-
ative
plied for everyone else but homosexuals were
views.
denied of and had to face the discrimination of
The city
not being accepted to buy a house or get a job
of
just because of the fact that they identify sex-
Col-
orado
ually as different. This fight for equality is still
Springs,
happening today, the United States has gone
a conservative evangelical Christian group op-
further but, we still have a ways to go to
posed the laws that protected gays and they
achieve total equality, if total equality is
signed a petition that made the second
possible.
Amendment pass. In November of 1992, 52% of voters in Colorado approved the Amendment, and Richard J. Evans sued Romer to nullify the second Amendment on the grounds of it violated the 14th amendment's equal protection clause. The Colorado Supreme Court agreed to go to trial to prove Amendment 2
Ever y t im e you bu y sh oes, w e give sh oes t o t h ose in n eed! Help u s h elp Am er ica.
was unconstitutional. United States Justice Kennedy spoke for all of the Supreme Court members and said that the amendment deprives gays and lesbians of general protection and the amendment "excluded gays and lesbians from the social and political order.?
Although the views of the heterosexual and
11
How Wor ld War I Affect ed t he Amer ican Suffr age Movement By Zoe Kolenovsky World War I gave women a chance to prove themselves to be worthy of full citizenship, as well as all the privileges that came with it. The danger of a world war required most American men to join the army and fight overseas, leaving their jobs, homes, and children with their wives, mothers, and daughters. The lack of male workforce reMany women joined suffrage organizations, such as the National Women's Party and the National American Women's Suffrage Association, that would plan protests and rallies in order to raise public awareness for the women's suffrage movement.
quired women to take up jobs in order to support themselves, working in factories, schools, hospitals, private businesses, government positions, and everywhere else that
World War I affected the American Suffrage Movement in two ways that had opposing results. The first of these outcomes was the fact that without the first World War, the women?s suffrage amendment may not have been passed at all. On the other hand, the movement itself was extremely prolonged due to war issues requiring immediate focus and taking precedence over all
these significant effects outweighs the other,
The wives of soldiers began working in factories that manufactured weapons and supplies for the overseas army, making their contribution to the war effort and proving that they could work just as well as men.
determining whether World War I helped or
needed employees. Not only did they rebuild
hurt the suffrage movement.
the economy by filling in for oversea soldiers,
other matters. Only history can tell which of
12
they also helped the war effort by acting as
nurses, sending supplies, forming organiza-
their pleas were not heard by the lawmakers
tions, and even serving in the military them-
who believed that war issues were more im-
selves. By the end of the war, many Ameri-
portant to attend to than the rights of their
cans believed that the government owed
people. Countless bills were cast aside by the
women the right to vote as compensation for
Senate, who would use the war as a chance
maintaining the balance of the nation while
to keep women from leaving the stereotype
the men were fighting overseas, a key ele-
of belonging in the home, and advancing
ment in securing suffrage for women.
both socially and politically. The universal suffrage amendment may have been passed years earlier if it had not been for World War I, which provided an excuse to prevent women from receiving the vote for as long as possible.
The suffrage movement was affected by World War I for the better and worse, as it Another great achievement for women's rights supporters, World War I was one of the first wars where women were allowed to fight for their country.
However, while the American women
gave women the chance to earn their suffrage while postponing it for several years. Alice Paul, President
of
the National
were working to keep their country running
Women?s Party, said, ?Unless women are pre-
during the war, their attempts at persuading
pared to fight politically they must be con-
the government to pass the suffrage amend-
tent to be ignored politically.? The women of
ment, named after suffragist Susan B. An-
America were indeed forced to fight, but they
thony, into law were easily shot down with
succeeded. On August 18, 1920, the 19th
one simple excuse: the need to focus on the
Amendment to the United States was rati-
war. While women?s rights organizations
fied, finally giving them what they had been
were planning rallies, picketing government
fighting for so long: the right to vote.
buildings, and marching through major cities, 13
Campaigning for a Ret ur n t o Nor malcy By Emmett Paton After much bloodshed from the Civil War, and a rise in crime from alcohol abuse, a return to normalcy in America was
desperately
Harding
needed. Warren
campaigned
in
the
G.
1920
presidential election for the republican party
with
the
slogan, ?Return
to
Warren Harding campaigning.
Harding
Normalcy.? He felt America needs to go
was in
favor
of
the
back to the way it was before the Civil
Suffrage and the Temperance movement,
War. America had been disturbed, and
so many women would vote in his favor
men had become irrational. The human
for their first opportunity to vote. The
nature of Americans needed to be revised.
Suffrage movement gave women the
America needed to regain the tranquility
right to vote, and the purpose of the
it once had before the war.
Temperance movement
was to stop
alcoholism. Harding was in favor of Prohibition, which was to make the sale, transportation, and
manufacturing
or
alcohol illegal. Many men had become drunkards and had been putting their wives and children in danger. Men would come home drunk and hurt their wives or children. Mothers and wives wanted to protect themselves and their children, and they believed Prohibition was the only
14
Warren G. Harding the 29th President of the U.S.
way.
Harry Daugherty, an
American
politician for the Republican party, began
breweries by buying alcohol, men needed
to promote Harding because, ?He looked
to stop being drunkards, wasting their
like a President.? Harding disapproved of
families money, and putting their wives and
the way Wilson handled WWI, he disagreed
children in danger. America needed to have
with the League of Nations, and he said
peace and tranquility. Alcoholism was a
new immigration requirements would be
problem and it needed to be ended. In
put into place. These reasons allowed
conclusion,
Harding to win the election by a landslide.
America needed to heal, restore, stay
Harding
campaigned
that
patriotic, and return to normalcy. On
May
14, 1920, in
Massachusetts,
Warren
Boston, Harding
campaigned about how America needed to heal, restore, adjust, stay peaceful, and stay patriotic. Harding said, ?America?s present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise;
not
internationality,
submergence but
sustainment
in in
triumphant nationality.?
Harding felt America had changed since the war, and it needed to return to normalcy. The war had weakened America, and prohibition would make it stronger. America needed to stop supporting German
Vote for Warren Harding as your 29th President of the United States Vote Harding for a "Return to Normalcy"
15
Women St r uggling For Equal Pay By Caroline Picou Employed women experience a huge prob-
ity by 31.5% and 28% which wanted more
lem every day called the gender wage gap.
flexible hours, 14% wanted to promote
Women only make 77 cents to every dollar a man
women to senior leadership, 11% wanted to
earns. For women of color, this gap is even bigger.
increase parental leave benefits, and 4.5%
Hispanic women make 54% of what white men
wanted better training and responsiveness
are paid for the same job. One example of some-
related to sexual harassment issues. In a sur-
one who has had problems with the gender wage
vey, it was found that women in technology
gap is an employed woman. She struggled to get
and government were most likely satisfied
enough hours at her job. She was hired for 15
with salaries. But women working in industry
hours a week and was promised increased shifts.
like manufacturing, transportation, and con-
She later figured that no new shifts would come.
struction had the lowest satisfaction scores.
Not getting enough shifts was difficult for her because she needed to take care of her sick mother, so she took two days off to help her. She was punished for taking time off of her job so her work hours were cut in half for three months. She had to find a second job.
The size of the pay gap between men and women is a major problem. Women usually have shorter hours or take time off for child related commitments and are stereo-
As women climb higher for work, the gap grows and men are paid more. There are surveys for reviewing salaries and correcting gender wage gaps that have a website which is called InHerSight. InHerSight gathers women?s ratings of corporate work environments. Their number one priority was to identify wide range of workplace issues for women without offering guid-
Many women were very irritated that they did not have the ance. The correcting gender pay gaps had a prior- same amount of pay as men while they were working. 16
Women are segregated into ?pink- collar? jobs which affects their wages. The decisions that women make when finding a job include workplace discrimination, experience, and anticipation. Women and men need to earn the same amount of money for the same amount of work they do.
They felt unappreciated and stereotyped that they were supposed to clean at home and take care of their children.
typed for it. Other legislations including the Equal Pay Act prohibit employment discrimination. Today, women still don?t have equal pay which penalizes their spending power and their retirement security by gaps. Women earn 64% of what men earn but that took 44 years for the wage gap to close by only 18 cents, which is less than half a penny per year. Women with a college degree lose 1.2 million dollars and women who are professional school graduates lose 2 million dollars.
Grand Canyon Painting for Sale: Only 160 dollars!! This wonderful depiction of the natural beauty of the Grand Canyon is on sale for the amazing bargain price of only 160 dollars! 17
A rt
18
FIGHTING ANIMAL TESTING!
19
Life of being ?THE BEST REPORTER IN AMERICA? By Sarah Henry ?Never having failed?
named Nellie Bly. Nellie saved some money in order to move to New York and become a famous reporter. She was positive that she would find a journalism job and become famous right away, but fate did not have that in store for her. At first, she could not find a job
The book Ten Days a Madwoman features
but after interviewing a few famous newspa-
female reporter Nellie Bly and her attempt to
per editors, she was offered a job as a jour-
break the stereotype
nalist as long as she could complete one task.
that women can only`
Nellie had to pretend to be mentally ill,
write about
fashion
then write an exposĂŠ on the conditions
and are no use for re-
of the Blackwell?s asylum. She fooled
porting
important
many doctors into thinking that she was
events, such as crimes.
mentally ill. While in the asylum she re-
Ten Days a Madwoman
ported the horrific conditions, such as
is a nonfiction young
poor treatment and even murder of pa-
adult novel written by Deborah Noyes
tients by nurses. After experiencing the
author Deborah Noyes and was published in
asylum, she was saved and brought back
2016. The book takes place in the late 1800s
home. Only a few days later she published her
and the early 1900s. In the book, Nellie Bly
exposĂŠ, causing her instant fame.
attempts to change the way society thinks of
After her assignment, Bly was reporting
women, as she tries to prove all the stereo-
as normal, but then she was offered another
types wrong. Nellie Bly had high expectations
assignment. For this task, she was required to
for her career in reporting, and she believed
travel around the world faster than the fic-
that she would achieve her goal of being a
tional character in the Jules Verne book, 80
successful, famous reporter.
Days Around the World, while racing against
Ten Days a Madwoman begins in a small town in Pennsylvania with a young reporter
another young reporter by the name of Elizabeth Bisland. Her travels were miserable, but in the end, she returned to America and had
20
beaten both Elizabeth Bisland and the char-
acter from 80 Days Around the World in a race
many images, paintings, or drawings that re-
against time. Her travels took 72 days, six
late to the chapter by giving a better sense of
hours, 11 minutes, and 14 seconds. After her
what is happening in the book. Examples of
death, all of her supporters were deeply upset,
the images are pictures of Nellie, along with
including
Arthur
Brisbane.
images of other people,
Arthur Brisbane was a good
places, political
friend of Nellie?s and a fa-
toons,
mous newspaper editor. In
buildings, and more that
honor of her death, he pub-
relate to her journey.
lished an article saying that
During
she would be dearly missed
Nellie Bly did every-
and named her ?The Best Re-
thing
porter in America?.
change the way society
After she returned from
book
her
she
carcovers,
lifetime,
could
to
thought of women. She
her journey around the world,
completed
she did not receive a raise, so
that nobody thought a The cover of the book Ten Days a
she quit her job and married Madwoman by Deborah Noyes millionaire, Robert Livingston
woman
the
could
tasks
do.
Nellie Bly proved that
Seaman. Bly took over his business when he
women reporters are good for more than just
died, but the company went bankrupt, forcing
writing fashion stories. Nellie said, ?Never
her to join the reporter career again. She
having failed,? meaning she believes she was
worked on and off until her death from pneu-
successful from the start, and she had never
monia and bronchitis on January 27, 1922.
messed up or failed to satisfy. She said that
This book is very intriguing in its struc-
she was amazing, and that she had become
ture. Once or twice every chapter there are
an instant success. Writing this book, Deborah
pages of a darker shade that go more into de-
Noyes did a magnificent job of portraying the
tail about the situation or that explain Nellie
perspective of Nellie. This novel was a won-
Bly?s past. The author has also included
derful read and very inspiring for young writers, journalists, or women?s rights enthusiasts. 21
May Be Gone, but Never For got t en
Laramie, Wyoming during the year of 1998.
By Lydia Greene
Laramie, Wyoming is an open and loosely
October
Mourning
takes
place
in
populated town, but is still considered one of On
October
the larger cities in Wyoming. The collection
12,
1998,
separates the events having to do with Shep-
Matthew
ard?s murder into three categories, events be-
Shepard was
fore, during, and after Shepard?s murder. She
murdered. He
ties all of these tenses together with one im-
was
mur-
age, the image of the fence Matthew was tied
dered by two
to. The poem describing the fence before
other college
Matthew?s murder tells the story of how the
students who
LĂŠslea Newman
killed
him
simply
be-
cause
Matthew was gay and they did not believe that if you were gay, you were still a considered person. This collection for young adults was written by LĂŠslea Newman, the author of October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard, had the inspiration to begin writing about five years after Shepard?s death while she was still thinking about the events that happened that dreadful night in October. Matthew Shepard?s murder was considered closely linked with the reform movement of gay rights because, Matthew was killed only because he identified as gay. 22
Matthew Shepard was a gay college student who was a member of the LGBT group at University of Wyoming, who was planning a gay rights week for all the students before he was murdered.
fence wished something would happen that would make the fence remembered even if he was replaced. The fence during Matthew?s murder describes how the fence felt that he could protect Matthew from all of the pain he was going through and how the fence just held Matthew tighter and tighter to attempt to
make his suffering easier. The fence after the
fusing to most people.
murder describes how people come and take a
October
part of the fence and take it with them as a
Song
memento for Matthew.
Shepard Is a truly
One of the main purposes of the collection
unique viewpoint on
was to make the readers more aware of the
the
hardships that the LGBT community faces. Es-
Matthew Shepard and
pecially in 1998 during Matthew?s funeral
explains the injustices
when anti-gay protesters held up signs saying
that were confronted
?God hates fags, Matt in Hell.? LĂŠslea Newman was appalled that anyone would have the gall
and the lack of accep- October Mourning won tance of how being the Stonewall Honor
to stand outside of a boy?s funeral, with his
gay does not mean
family and loved ones inside that loved him
that you are not a person. Matthew Shepard
and wanted to honor his memory in a positive
will remain in the hearts of his past class-
way. One of the major events of the collection
mates, friends, and most of all, his family but
are the events surrounding his murders?trials.
he is truly immortalized in this collection of
Both of Matthew?s murderers had girlfriends
poems. Matthew Shepard will always be ?Gone
and both of their girlfriends tried to testify in
but not forgotten.?
favor of the murders to try to protect their
Mourning:A for
Matthew
murder
of
Book award in 2013.
Gone but not forgotten"
loved one?s. Their efforts were in vain because, Matthew?s murders were still charged with double life. October Mourning was created with the purpose of honoring Matthew Shepard?s memory, but while honoring him the collection of poems that would touch almost anyone?s heart also provided an example of how Gay Rights and seeing what someone believes and treating them as if they were not human anymore because they believe what you do not, is con-
23
Amer ican Women's Effor t s Remember ed in The Vote By Zoe Kolenovsky War. Politics. Disease. Family. Romance.
The Vote cen-
Sybil Downing?s novel, The Vote, covers all
ters around Kate
these topics and more through a story about
Brennan, a fic-
the struggle to receive the right to vote for
tional
women in America. Published in 2006, the
coming from a
book brings the fictional story of a young suf-
first- class, shel-
fragist to life with help from historical char-
tered family in
acters and events that helped pave the road
Colorado, who is
to women?s suffrage. Not only will readers be
pulled into the
on the edge of their seats following the jour-
suffrage
neys of working women in the early 1900s,
ment
character
move-
by
Lucy
they will be
Burns, a historical
thoroughly
leader of the Na- Alice Paul and many other
educated on
tional
one of many
Party. Learning the through prison sentences and
significant
ways of
reform move-
from Lucy Burns, unofficial co- president of
ments
the NWP and Mary Daly, an important mem-
America.
Lucy Burns worked alongside
in
suffragists during her fight for
Women?s the vote, sometimes suffering
harsh labor in an attempt to be politics silenced.
ber from Colorado, Kate develops an important role in overcoming the many obstacles of securing the vote. Despite all the politics and history in the novel, the personal lives of the
Sybil Downing
24
three narrators are explored as well. The
family matters and love interests of these
ing theme of perseverance is developed by
three women become their main conflicts,
the many difficulties overcome by suffragists
whether or not they support the suffragists? fighting for their rights. In addition to battling line of work and what will happen to the
the stereotypes of women caring only for is-
women if they
sues of the household and family, this reform
do not approve.
movement occurred during a time of great
These conflicts
danger and fear: World War I. As well as suf-
grow to be a
fering from the political setbacks, many of the
distraction both
women involved in the movement were af-
for better and
fected by the economic and personal realities
for worse from
of war, such as losing male relatives in battle
the
grueling
or to the recent epidemic of the Spanish in-
task of fighting
fluenza. These realities are explained in a way
the
country?s
that allows the reader to journey through this
most
powerful
historical period while feeling the many
men on an issue
losses personally, showing both the costs of
that contradicts
fighting for this crucial right as well as the
many
courage of the people willing to do so. Down-
The Vote's cover highlights a photograph of women marching in protest, likely members of the National Women's Party or another women's rights organization of that time.
tradi-
tional beliefs.
ing represents the struggle for women?s suffrage with a supportive yet slightly unpatri-
The novel is not only an exciting and entertaining read, it de-
otic attitude, appreciating the result of the battle while still resenting the battle itself.
scribes the illustrious battle for women?s suffrage with as much painstaking detail as historical records. The political elements of the fight for suffrage, such as Congressional debates and political rallies, are explained through the voices of individuals who witnessed these events in real life. The underly-
"A rage began to bui ld i nsi de her, ri si ng wi th the steadi ness of mercury i n a thermometer. She'd been a nai ve, trusti ng fool--a chi ld. Never agai n would she beli eve that the justi ce of the amendment was enough for i t to carry the day." 25
The Vote is a wonderfully written novel that examines the American women?s suffrage movement through the voices of both fictional and historical characters. This major reform movement succeeded in bringing American women the vote, but not without many obstacles requiring the perseverance of suffragists to remain strong for decades. Downing?s novel is a great read for students looking for information on organizations such as the National Women?s Party, as well as anyone interested in learning about the historical events of the late 1910s. This book is especially relevant because of America?s recent presidential candidate Mrs. Hillary Clinton?s success among the people, proving that women are fit for the political scene. This de-
"How Long Must Women Wait For Liberty" was the slogan of the National Women's Party, placed on many of the banners during the picketing of the White House and other important government buildings.
lightful novel explains the political, economical, and personal effects of the fight for one of the most important achievements in American history: the vote.
From 1918 to 2018, the evolution of radio at its finest.
26
Help support those in need, donate to New York State Division of Human Rights
For more information contact us at 1-888-392-3644 or visit our website http://dhr.ny.gov 27
Island
Taking a Ride t hr ough t he 1920s on t he Black Duck
during 1929 through 1931,
By Emmett Paton
Ruben Rewind to the 1920s, during the time
and
of Prohibition. Prohibition made the sale,
Jeddy,
manufacturing,
and
and
transportation
of
alcohol illegal. However, this amendment
most of
only
the
stopped
few
from
selling
and
transporting it. Using a frame narrative Janet Taylor Lisle tells the story of Ruben
citizens Janet Taylor Lisle's 2006, Black Duck
Hart, a young boy in 1929 who gets caught
of Newport enjoy
up with dead bodies, rum-running, and the
spending time at Coutlers Beach. As well as
Black Duck. The fast-paced historical fiction
Tyler's lane, where many rum-running boats
novel written in 2006 will send you back to
come through, like the Black Duck. Ruben
the coast of Rhode Island in 1929 when
whose father manages a General Store, and
Ruben and Jeddy find something that will
Jeddy whose father is the Chief police find
change their lives forever. ?Almost as an
themselves more involved in rum-running
afterthought we wandered toward this
than they could have ever imagined.
pool, not expecting to see anything. It came
However,
into view with no more drama than if it had
themselves on the same side of the law.
been a sodden piece of driftwood lying on
Resulting in conflicts between Ruben and
the sand: a naked human leg.? The failed
Jeddy as they try to figure out how to cope
reform movement themed Black Duck will
with their experiences. The rather intense
have
novel also develops the Young Adult
you
turning
pages
and
begging_for_more. In the small town of Newport, Rhode 28
they
do
not
always
find
themes of initiation and acceptance of other people?s point of views. Ruben and
Jeddy have to journey into manhood, and
had no choice. Even Ruben just a schoolboy
they also have to learn to accept their
takes part in the business. Black Duck
different point of views, which they never
slightly glorifies law breaking, for it
accomplished.
contains stories of
Al
Capone, Lucky
The story is told by Ruben Hart as an
Luciano, Boston gangs, and New York gangs.
adult. He is being interviewed by David
The novel shows the excitements of being
Peterson who is eager to find a summer job
chased across the water at top speed in a
as a journalist. Black Duck uses many
small speed boat by the coast guard, but it
fiction newspaper articles to help drive the
also includes the fear and loss of being
plot. The intense read will change your
shot down by the force. In conclusion, Janet
point of view on Prohibition, and law
Taylor Lisle has done a phenomenal job of
breaking. The reason for that is because
portraying a story of very possible events,
even Jeddy?s dad and Ruben?s dad, who
that demonstrate how Prohibition did not
would seem the most
reach its goal of lowering crime, but
innocent, find aspects of
instead raised it. If you are interested in an
Prohibition. Black Duck demonstrates the
intense fast-paced novel that will keep you
excitements and horrors of breaking the
on the edge of your seat, you have to read
law_and_is_filled_with_kidnapping,_
Black Duck.
themselves in the illegal
backstabbing,_and_rum-running.
"I caught sight for the first time of the ship's name, painted along the starboard bow. Black Duck." The reform movement of Prohibition was set into place to reduce crime. Unfortunately, the movement increased crime, as shown in the novel. Most families became caught up in the money, and when the stock market crashed many families
Janet Taylor Lisle 29
The Bur ning Upr ising Bat t le
three girls are so close and so young. The tone
By Caroline Picou
the same devices that we have today to make
of this novel shifts from sad, to angry, to disgust in the early 1900?s. Back then, there were not
our life and jobs easier. Some of these devices Margaret Peterson Haddix wrote about the disastrous fire during the early 1900's. Uprising was published in 2007 and was written the New York Times Bestselling author, Margaret Peterson. This novel pulls in historical fiction readers with the raging fire that changed America. Uprising is a prose fiction novel set in the year of 1911. This novel takes place in New York, during the year of 1911, when it was cold, and there were poor living conditions, especially for Yetta and Bella. Bella is the protagonist of the novel who travels to America from Italy with her cousin Pietro in order to make money for her poor family
are cell phones, computers, and safety tools. This novel addresses how many people lived off of two to four dollars each week, which includes paying for food, water, clothes, and bills. Bella attempts to reform herself and Yetta during the strike, and most importantly herself, after the fire. This book will affect readers with both an emotional punch and a patriotic pull. Uprising will affect readers with an emotional punch because of the sadness and the hunger explained by Margaret Peterson Haddix. The book demonstrates the theme of reform which is that Bella becomes a better person after the
back in Italy.. Bella later finds a deep love for Pietro. She meets two girls, Yetta and Jane. Yetta is a poor shirtwaist worker who is not afraid to speak her mind. Jane is a wealthy girl who meets Bella and Yetta and wants to help them. They end up being very close friends and face some terrifying conflicts together. One of their conflicts is when the shirtwaist workers go on strike because they are being cheated on by their bosses, staying at work too long for too little pay. The other one of their conflicts is frightening,,especially because these 30
Margaret Peterson Haddix
history lovers. The novel is amazing for history lovers because of a true event that happened. The fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory affected many people and caused many tragic deaths. The novel is recommended with a caveat due to the graphic images during the fire. This novel shows how people lived and survived back then, how they were treated unfairly, and how they stood up for themselves. This sympathetic novel is based upon true events, how hard life was, and how hard it was to find a job and receive equal pay as women. Uprising is a fantastic novel that gives an important message about how much freedom is Uprising has explained the terrifying truth
worth and the courage demonstrated by all three
about the fire in New York at the Triangle
of the girls who stood up for themselves to the
Factory.
powerful factory owners.
fire in the Triangle Factory. This novel will also affect readers with a patriotic pull because today Americans have more freedom and rights than Americans did back then. Uprising is a must read novel because of the tragic and horrifying historical event that was a wake up call for everyone. After the fire, there were reinforcements made in many buildings like more staircases, new fire escapes, and much more to prevent a fire from coming again. Uprising
"It's a battle field out there, and only the strong
is
a
magnificent
and
empowering book that will make readers feel grateful for all of the rights that we have today. This book is amazing for both readers and
can survive." This quote is from one of the characters about the fire in the Triangle factory, pictured above. 31
Changing Opinions of t he 1900's By Sarah Henry
In the 1900's there was racial discrimination everywhere in America, especially the South. In the South many African Americans were denied access to many bars, restaurants, and more. In front of a restaurant in Dallas, Texas, there was a sign that read "No Dogs, Negroes, or Mexicans". This enraged many African Americans as they were compared to dogs. After a while, African Americans began to lead protests, some peaceful, some not. A group of young men decided to lead a peaceful protest, they went to a restaurant and sat at the whites only bar to show that they shouldn't be pushed off the the side into "colored people" areas. Many white people were angry and yelled at them to move. Another example of a protest was demonstrated when a group of African American men marched down the streets holding posters that said "I am a Man." This protest was to show people that no matter the color of your skin we are all still people. This protest made the 32
African Americans feel powerful and forceful. A photo was taken of an African American man, standing next to a wire fence. On the fence there was a sign that says "HELP WANTED WHITE ONLY." In the photo you see the man with a disappointed look, because African Americans weren't supposed to be treated differently anymore, yet they are still being denied many opportunities because of their race. A very popular Civil Rights activist by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. wanted segregation to end. He gave many speeches, though his most popular speech was called "I Have a Dream." In this speech he explained to a group of people that he dreamed of ending segregation and having everyone living in peace. His speech strongly affected the public making many whites begin to consider integrating.
33
Paying for Mur der By Lydia Greene ?The Mortician in San Francisco?tells a story about the assassination of supervisor Harvey Milk and mayor George Moscone. The poem was written by Randall Mann who grew up in Provo, Utah in 1972. Randall Mann has a friend who lives in San Francisco who is a mortician. He was the mortician who prepared Dan White to be buried ?I held the delicate hands of Dan White: I prepared him for burial; by then, Harvey Milk was made monument? no, myth? by the years since he was shot.? Mann also pointed out the irony that a gay mortician was preparing the body of an anti- gay activist who shot the first openly gay politician Harvey Milk and the Mayor of San Francisco in 1978. Randall also mentioned how the assassination was in the daily newspaper and how some individuals who were most likely anti- gay cheered at the sight of another gay person dying. Randall mentioned that because of the fact that so many people were not upset over the fact that Milk had died that if White had only shot the Mayor, there would have been an entirely different public opinion. ?If just the mayor had been shot, Dan might have had trouble on his hands.? Mann closes the poem with the phrase ?In the end he committed suicide, this Dan White.? Dan White killed himself after he served five years in jail for his crime of ?purposeful manslaughter?.
34
35
Famous Act ivist and Suffr aget t e Becomes Mar t yr for Women's Right s Movement By Zoe Kolenovsky Inez Milholland was a society-girl-turned-activist who became a powerful figure in the American suffrage movement both before and after her death. Coming from a wealthy background, she attended Vassar College in 1905. After meeting inspiring British suffragist leader, Emmeline Pankhurst, halfway through her term, Milholland began organizing women?s rights groups within the college. This university activism was much to the anger of the college?s President, Minister James Monroe Taylor, who viewed the women?s suffrage movement as propaganda. She graduated from both Vassar and New York University, earning a law degree and a job working as a clerk at a firm in New York. She then went on to join many organizations, such as the Child Labor Committee, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the National Women?s Party, organizing many marches and protests to support her many causes. Milholland was nicknamed both the ?Suffrage Herald? and the ?Joan of Arc of the Suffrage Movement? after leading two parades on horseback in a crown and white robes. Her beauty and high status drew the crowds, and her passion for women?s rights kept them, going so far as to drive out a group of drunken men disrupting the march in Washington D.C. in 1913. Adding to her long list of honorable occupations, she worked in World War I as a correspondent in Italy but was sent back to America because of her strong pacifist beliefs. She died on November 25, 1916, after a collapse during a speech in Los Angeles due to a long untreated tonsil infection. Milholland was accomplished even in death, as her memorial service on Christmas Day was the first ever to be held in the United States Capitol for a woman. She became a martyr for the suffrage movement, her close friends and associates still fighting to win the vote in her name. Many years after her death, memorial organizations were still being founded in order to honor the memory and preserve the values of Inez Milholland, the martyr suffragette. 36
37
Pr opaganda Per suades t he Public By Emmett Paton Propaganda played a major role in the Temperance Movement, and the passing of the 18th Amendment. During World War I propaganda was used to demoralize and dehumanize Germans, so that Americans would stop buying alcohol from German breweries. Germans were considered enemies, and thought to be against American ideals. Anti-Saloon Leagues used propaganda to make people believe Germans were gluttons, anti-American, a faceless group that wanted to destroy western society, and sadistic beasts. The propaganda also shows the downhill toboggan of alcoholism. Fathers are becoming drunkards, causing domestic violence, wasting their families money, putting their kids and wives in danger, and dying from alcohol abuse. Prohibition was passed to reduce domestic violence, and stop fathers from becoming drunkards and endangering their families. The propaganda shows the cause and effect of how just simply tasting alcohol can lead to alcoholism, which can lead to many other negative effects.
38
39
Women Fight ing Thr ough Wage Gap By Caroline Picou Women battle and protest through the gender wage gap. They were, and still are discriminated against and struggle to earn equal rights and equal pay for an equal amount of work. This was very important because there was no equality or equality rights for women ?Made in Dagenham? is a movie which takes place in the late 1960?s when many women worked at the Ford Motor companies. Those women struggled to earn equal rights and equal pay, especially because 55,000 male workers earned more than women. The female workers walked out of their jobs to protest discrimination against women and unequal pay. The movie has affected people by making them feel sympathetic for the women who did not have equal pay and how difficult working was for them. ?Made in Dagenham?is based off of a true story and packs a big punch. These images were brought to people?s attention because of the significance of equal pay for women. These images were brought to the publics attention because of the significance of equivalent wages for women. They also were brought to the publics attention because they were demanding, protesting, and going on strike for equal pay and equal opportunity. Women have become more strong throughout the years especially from fighting through the wage gap
40
41
Cover
42