A Century of Reform 2017

C EN T U RY O F R EFO RM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWS A Timeline of Reform, Lydia Greene..............................6 Ending Segregation in the 1900s, Sarah Henry........8 First Major Gay Rights Supreme Court Case that Stirred the Public, Lydia Greene...................10 How World War I Affected the American Suffrage Movement, Zoe Kolenovsky....................12 Campaigning for a Return to Normalcy, Emmett Paton............................................................................14 Women Struggling for Equal Pay, Caroline Picou............................................................................16

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTS Life Being "The Best Reporter in America", Sarah Henry.................................................................20 May Be Gone, but Never Forgotten, Lydia Greene........................................................................22 American Women's Efforts Remembered in The Vote, Zoe Kolenovsky..........................................24 Taking a Ride through the 1920s on a Black Duck, Emmett Paton..................................................28 The Burning Uprising Battle, Caroline Picou..........30 Changing Opinions of the 1900s, Sarah Henry....32 Paying for Murder, Lydia Greene................................34 Famous Activist and Suffragette Becomes Martyr for Women's Rights Movement, Zoe Kolenovsky...................................................................36 Propaganda Persuades the Public, Emmett Paton..........................................................................38 Women Fighting Through Wage Gap, Caroline Picou..........................................................................40 3

The Cola of

4

Champions

New s

5

A Timeline of Refor m

1877

-Jim Crow Laws are put into law

1911

-A spark ignites a piece of cloth and results in one of the worst workplace fires ever.

1917

-US enters World War I

1920

1968

-Prohibition Begins

Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated.

-Warren Harding Elected as the 29th president of the United States.

- 19th amendment passed, giving women the right to vote

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1978

-Harvey Milk and Mayor Moscone killed.

2006

-The Vote published, set in Washington D.C and Colorado

2007

-Uprising published, set in New York

2012

-October Mourning published, set in Laramie, Wyoming

2016

-10 Days a Madwoman published, set in New York City and Black Wells Island

-Black Duck published, set off the coast of Rhode Island

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that unequal pay was a major issue, so he at-

Ending Segr egat ion in t he 1900?s

tacked the public school of Louisiana. He sued

the state for paying African American teachers

less money than white teachers. In 1940

Tureaud won the lawsuit and schools began to

By Sarah Henry

pay equally which pleased many people.

In World War II, many African Americans Racial

joined the army to prove that they are

discrimi-

nation 1900s

the

worthy of living in America and that they

caused

should be treated equally because they

in

were willing to fight for their country.

tremendous the

The president realized that America

south and their

needed the help, so he signed a docu-

people.

Many

ment that officially integrated the armed

Louisiana

resi-

forces.

damage to

dents wanted to

Martin Luther King "I Have a Dream

stop the recon- Speech struction of the segregation. The Ku Klux Klan was an example of people who wanted to end integration. They were a group of white citizens who made public statements about the issues of integration.

For example, they would torture the people of a different race for trying to vote by burning down their houses, or even murdering them.

The issue of segregation led many

African Americans to protest their rights. A

group of people led a boycott because they

thought that there were too many reserved

seats for whites and not enough for everyone

else. After the boycott, the state agreed, and so

they reserved two rows for whites instead of

10. One of the most important protests was the

Martin Luther King Jr. speech, I Have a Dream.

The 1960's Civil Rights Movement mainly re-

This speech made even whites want to inte-

volved around the Jim Crow Laws. The Jim Crow

grate and led many people to change their

laws created two groups, blacks, and whites.

minds. In his speech, he explains his dream of

Do to the segregation, there was no such thing

integration. He explains that he dreams that

as equal pay. Attorney A.P. Tureaud believed

one day everyone will realize that blacks are

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more than just a skin color. He believes that the

d people couldn?t stop the integration because s they can?t stop moving forward. ?If you can?t fly,

0 then run, if you can?t run, then walk, if you can?t o walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving forward?-Martin Luther King Jr.

s April 3, 1968, was the date of the devastating

AM ERICAN

e assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., causing

y the public to mourn over the end of their

y leader.

y. Sometime in the 1950s and 1960s, segregation a was banned in the Louisiana State University after many protests. More and more schools

d became integrated until finally in 1964, the Civil Rights Act outlawed segregation in colleges, hotels, restaurants, and schools. This offi-

y cially ended the Jim Crow era and began a new A world for everyone.

y

d

e

o

YOU CAN SAVE A LIFE

f

e

.

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The Fir st Major Gay Right s Supr eme Cour t Case t hat St ir r ed t he Public

Romer, the previous governor of Colorado, had a

By Lydia Greene

came concerned over the passings of Colorado

record because he "denied special rights and protection to homosexuals," which caused his name to be remembered negatively because he was against the homosexual's fight for freedom.

In early 1991, citizens of Colorado Springs be-

municipalities granting minority status protec-

Roy G. Romer was the governor of Colorado from 1978-1982.

The Evans

tion to homosexuals and not to any other citi-

vs. Romer case

zens. In response to these one- sided laws, an

is

considered

organization called Colorado for Family Values

one of the most

dedicated to the repeal of all such laws. In Au-

controversial

gust of 1991, the CFV submitted the second

Supreme Court

amendment to Colorado's constitution. This

cases that re-

amendment would prohibit state and local gov-

garded

Gay

ernments "from enacting, adopting, or enforcing

Rights. Richard

any law that would give special rights to homo-

J. Evans repre-

sexuals.?On November 3, 1992, the popular vote

sented the ho-

passed Colorado's second amendment. The ho-

mosexual?s

mosexuals were extremely agitated that all of

point of view, and Roy G. Romer was the Gover-

their work to make being gay socially accept-

nor of Colorado. Romer was against the minority

able was erased.

laws that only benefited people who were LGBT. The Colorado for Family Values group, with Will Perkins as the chairman, wanted to create an amendment that would abolish these Laws that gave homosexuals benefits that did not include others.

On May 20, 1996, the second amendment that was added to Colorado's constitution that prohibited laws protecting the rights of homosexuals was the first case the Supreme Court declared sexual orientation discrimination that violated protected rights. Gay Rights activists

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viewed the "Romer Decision" as a glimmer of hope that the United States Supreme Court was

Richard G Evans was an administrator for Denver. from

finally

homosexual contradict each other by wanting

breaking

a second amendment in Colorado and not.

from

Romer vs. Evans was still the stepping stone

their

for a large number of laws, and several state

conserv-

amendments that listed rights that were im-

ative

plied for everyone else but homosexuals were

views.

denied of and had to face the discrimination of

The city

not being accepted to buy a house or get a job

of

just because of the fact that they identify sex-

Col-

orado

ually as different. This fight for equality is still

Springs,

happening today, the United States has gone

a conservative evangelical Christian group op-

further but, we still have a ways to go to

posed the laws that protected gays and they

achieve total equality, if total equality is

signed a petition that made the second

possible.

Amendment pass. In November of 1992, 52% of voters in Colorado approved the Amendment, and Richard J. Evans sued Romer to nullify the second Amendment on the grounds of it violated the 14th amendment's equal protection clause. The Colorado Supreme Court agreed to go to trial to prove Amendment 2

Ever y t im e you bu y sh oes, w e give sh oes t o t h ose in n eed! Help u s h elp Am er ica.

was unconstitutional. United States Justice Kennedy spoke for all of the Supreme Court members and said that the amendment deprives gays and lesbians of general protection and the amendment "excluded gays and lesbians from the social and political order.?

Although the views of the heterosexual and

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How Wor ld War I Affect ed t he Amer ican Suffr age Movement

By Zoe Kolenovsky World War I gave women a chance to prove themselves to be worthy of full citizenship, as well as all the privileges that came with it. The danger of a world war required most American men to join the army and fight overseas, leaving their jobs, homes, and children with their wives, mothers, and daughters. The lack of male workforce reMany women joined suffrage organizations, such as the National Women's Party and the National American Women's Suffrage Association, that would plan protests and rallies in order to raise public awareness for the women's suffrage movement.

quired women to take up jobs in order to support themselves, working in factories, schools, hospitals, private businesses, government positions, and everywhere else that

World War I affected the American Suffrage Movement in two ways that had opposing results. The first of these outcomes was the fact that without the first World War, the women?s suffrage amendment may not have been passed at all. On the other hand, the movement itself was extremely prolonged due to war issues requiring immediate focus and taking precedence over all

these significant effects outweighs the other,

The wives of soldiers began working in factories that manufactured weapons and supplies for the overseas army, making their contribution to the war effort and proving that they could work just as well as men.

determining whether World War I helped or

needed employees. Not only did they rebuild

hurt the suffrage movement.

the economy by filling in for oversea soldiers,

other matters. Only history can tell which of

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they also helped the war effort by acting as

nurses, sending supplies, forming organiza-

their pleas were not heard by the lawmakers

tions, and even serving in the military them-

who believed that war issues were more im-

selves. By the end of the war, many Ameri-

portant to attend to than the rights of their

cans believed that the government owed

people. Countless bills were cast aside by the

women the right to vote as compensation for

Senate, who would use the war as a chance

maintaining the balance of the nation while

to keep women from leaving the stereotype

the men were fighting overseas, a key ele-

of belonging in the home, and advancing

ment in securing suffrage for women.

both socially and politically. The universal suffrage amendment may have been passed years earlier if it had not been for World War I, which provided an excuse to prevent women from receiving the vote for as long as possible.

The suffrage movement was affected

by World War I for the better and worse, as it Another great achievement for women's rights supporters, World War I was one of the first wars where women were allowed to fight for their country.

However, while the American women

gave women the chance to earn their suffrage while postponing it for several years.

Alice Paul, President

of

the National

were working to keep their country running

Women?s Party, said, ?Unless women are pre-

during the war, their attempts at persuading

pared to fight politically they must be con-

the government to pass the suffrage amend-

tent to be ignored politically.? The women of

ment, named after suffragist Susan B. An-

America were indeed forced to fight, but they

thony, into law were easily shot down with

succeeded. On August 18, 1920, the 19th

one simple excuse: the need to focus on the

Amendment to the United States was rati-

war. While women?s rights organizations

fied, finally giving them what they had been

were planning rallies, picketing government

fighting for so long: the right to vote.

buildings, and marching through major cities, 13

Campaigning for a Ret ur n t o Nor malcy

By Emmett Paton After much bloodshed from the Civil War, and a rise in crime from alcohol abuse, a return to normalcy in America was

desperately

Harding

needed. Warren

campaigned

in

the

G.

1920

presidential election for the republican party

with

the

slogan, ?Return

to

Warren Harding campaigning.

Harding

Normalcy.? He felt America needs to go

was in

favor

of

the

back to the way it was before the Civil

Suffrage and the Temperance movement,

War. America had been disturbed, and

so many women would vote in his favor

men had become irrational. The human

for their first opportunity to vote. The

nature of Americans needed to be revised.

Suffrage movement gave women the

America needed to regain the tranquility

right to vote, and the purpose of the

it once had before the war.

Temperance movement

was to stop

alcoholism. Harding was in favor of Prohibition, which was to make the sale, transportation, and

manufacturing

or

alcohol illegal. Many men had become drunkards and had been putting their wives and children in danger. Men would come home drunk and hurt their wives or children. Mothers and wives wanted to protect themselves and their children, and they believed Prohibition was the only

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Warren G. Harding the 29th President of the U.S.

way.

Harry Daugherty, an

American

politician for the Republican party, began

breweries by buying alcohol, men needed

to promote Harding because, ?He looked

to stop being drunkards, wasting their

like a President.? Harding disapproved of

families money, and putting their wives and

the way Wilson handled WWI, he disagreed

children in danger. America needed to have

with the League of Nations, and he said

peace and tranquility. Alcoholism was a

new immigration requirements would be

problem and it needed to be ended. In

put into place. These reasons allowed

conclusion,

Harding to win the election by a landslide.

America needed to heal, restore, stay

Harding

campaigned

that

patriotic, and return to normalcy.

On

May

14, 1920, in

Massachusetts,

Warren

Boston, Harding

campaigned about how America needed to heal, restore, adjust, stay peaceful, and stay patriotic. Harding said, ?America?s present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise;

not

internationality,

submergence but

sustainment

in in

triumphant nationality.?

Harding felt America had changed since the war, and it needed to return to normalcy. The war had weakened America, and prohibition would make it stronger.

America needed to stop supporting German

Vote for Warren Harding as your 29th President of the United States Vote Harding for a "Return to Normalcy"

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Women St r uggling For Equal Pay

By Caroline Picou Employed women experience a huge prob-

ity by 31.5% and 28% which wanted more

lem every day called the gender wage gap.

flexible hours, 14% wanted to promote

Women only make 77 cents to every dollar a man

women to senior leadership, 11% wanted to

earns. For women of color, this gap is even bigger.

increase parental leave benefits, and 4.5%

Hispanic women make 54% of what white men

wanted better training and responsiveness

are paid for the same job. One example of some-

related to sexual harassment issues. In a sur-

one who has had problems with the gender wage

vey, it was found that women in technology

gap is an employed woman. She struggled to get

and government were most likely satisfied

enough hours at her job. She was hired for 15

with salaries. But women working in industry

hours a week and was promised increased shifts.

like manufacturing, transportation, and con-

She later figured that no new shifts would come.

struction had the lowest satisfaction scores.

Not getting enough shifts was difficult for her because she needed to take care of her sick mother, so she took two days off to help her. She was punished for taking time off of her job so her work hours were cut in half for three months. She had to find a second job.

The size of the pay gap between men and women is a major problem. Women usually have shorter hours or take time off for child related commitments and are stereo-

As women climb higher for work, the gap grows and men are paid more. There are surveys for reviewing salaries and correcting gender wage gaps that have a website which is called InHerSight. InHerSight gathers women?s ratings of corporate work environments. Their number one priority was to identify wide range of workplace issues for women without offering guid-

Many women were very irritated that they did not have the ance. The correcting gender pay gaps had a prior- same amount of pay as men while they were working.

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Women are segregated into ?pink- collar? jobs which affects their wages. The decisions that women make when finding a job include workplace discrimination, experience, and anticipation. Women and men need to earn the same amount of money for the same amount of work they do.

They felt unappreciated and stereotyped that they were supposed to clean at home and take care of their children.

typed for it. Other legislations including the Equal Pay Act prohibit employment discrimination. Today, women still don?t have equal pay which penalizes their spending power and their retirement security by gaps.

Women earn 64% of what men earn but that took 44 years for the wage gap to close by only 18 cents, which is less than half a penny per year. Women with a college degree lose 1.2 million dollars and women who are professional school graduates lose 2 million dollars.

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FIGHTING ANIMAL TESTING!

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Life of being ?THE BEST REPORTER IN AMERICA?

By Sarah Henry ?Never having failed?

named Nellie Bly. Nellie saved some money in order to move to New York and become a famous reporter. She was positive that she would find a journalism job and become famous right away, but fate did not have that in store for her. At first, she could not find a job

The book Ten Days a Madwoman features

but after interviewing a few famous newspa-

female reporter Nellie Bly and her attempt to

per editors, she was offered a job as a jour-

break the stereotype

nalist as long as she could complete one task.

that women can only`

Nellie had to pretend to be mentally ill,

write about

fashion

then write an exposĂŠ on the conditions

and are no use for re-

of the Blackwell?s asylum. She fooled

porting

important

many doctors into thinking that she was

events, such as crimes.

mentally ill. While in the asylum she re-

Ten Days a Madwoman

ported the horrific conditions, such as

is a nonfiction young

poor treatment and even murder of pa-

adult novel written by Deborah Noyes

tients by nurses. After experiencing the

author Deborah Noyes and was published in

asylum, she was saved and brought back

2016. The book takes place in the late 1800s

home. Only a few days later she published her

and the early 1900s. In the book, Nellie Bly

exposĂŠ, causing her instant fame.

attempts to change the way society thinks of

After her assignment, Bly was reporting

women, as she tries to prove all the stereo-

as normal, but then she was offered another

types wrong. Nellie Bly had high expectations

assignment. For this task, she was required to

for her career in reporting, and she believed

travel around the world faster than the fic-

that she would achieve her goal of being a

tional character in the Jules Verne book, 80

successful, famous reporter.

Days Around the World, while racing against

Ten Days a Madwoman begins in a small town in Pennsylvania with a young reporter

another young reporter by the name of Elizabeth Bisland. Her travels were miserable, but in the end, she returned to America and had

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beaten both Elizabeth Bisland and the char-

acter from 80 Days Around the World in a race

many images, paintings, or drawings that re-

against time. Her travels took 72 days, six

late to the chapter by giving a better sense of

hours, 11 minutes, and 14 seconds. After her

what is happening in the book. Examples of

death, all of her supporters were deeply upset,

the images are pictures of Nellie, along with

including

Arthur

Brisbane.

images of other people,

Arthur Brisbane was a good

places, political

friend of Nellie?s and a fa-

toons,

mous newspaper editor. In

buildings, and more that

honor of her death, he pub-

relate to her journey.

lished an article saying that

During

she would be dearly missed

Nellie Bly did every-

and named her ?The Best Re-

thing

porter in America?.

change the way society

After she returned from

book

her

she

carcovers,

lifetime,

could

to

thought of women. She

her journey around the world,

completed

she did not receive a raise, so

that nobody thought a The cover of the book Ten Days a

she quit her job and married Madwoman by Deborah Noyes millionaire, Robert Livingston

woman

the

could

tasks

do.

Nellie Bly proved that

Seaman. Bly took over his business when he

women reporters are good for more than just

died, but the company went bankrupt, forcing

writing fashion stories. Nellie said, ?Never

her to join the reporter career again. She

having failed,? meaning she believes she was

worked on and off until her death from pneu-

successful from the start, and she had never

monia and bronchitis on January 27, 1922.

messed up or failed to satisfy. She said that

This book is very intriguing in its struc-

she was amazing, and that she had become

ture. Once or twice every chapter there are

an instant success. Writing this book, Deborah

pages of a darker shade that go more into de-

Noyes did a magnificent job of portraying the

tail about the situation or that explain Nellie

perspective of Nellie. This novel was a won-

Bly?s past. The author has also included

derful read and very inspiring for young writers, journalists, or women?s rights enthusiasts.

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May Be Gone, but Never For got t en

Laramie, Wyoming during the year of 1998.

By Lydia Greene

Laramie, Wyoming is an open and loosely

October

Mourning

takes

place

in

populated town, but is still considered one of On

October

the larger cities in Wyoming. The collection

12,

1998,

separates the events having to do with Shep-

Matthew

ard?s murder into three categories, events be-

Shepard was

fore, during, and after Shepard?s murder. She

murdered. He

ties all of these tenses together with one im-

was

mur-

age, the image of the fence Matthew was tied

dered by two

to. The poem describing the fence before

other college

Matthew?s murder tells the story of how the

students who

LĂŠslea Newman

killed

him

simply

be-

cause

Matthew was gay and they did not believe that if you were gay, you were still a considered person. This collection for young adults was written by LĂŠslea Newman, the author of October Mourning; A Song for Matthew Shepard, had the inspiration to begin writing about five years after Shepard?s death while she was still thinking about the events that happened that dreadful night in October. Matthew Shepard?s murder was considered closely linked with the reform movement of gay rights because, Matthew was killed only because he identified as gay.

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Matthew Shepard was a gay college student who was a member of the LGBT group at University of Wyoming, who was planning a gay rights week for all the students before he was murdered.

fence wished something would happen that would make the fence remembered even if he was replaced. The fence during Matthew?s murder describes how the fence felt that he could protect Matthew from all of the pain he was going through and how the fence just held Matthew tighter and tighter to attempt to

make his suffering easier. The fence after the

fusing to most people.

murder describes how people come and take a

October

part of the fence and take it with them as a

Song

memento for Matthew.

Shepard Is a truly

One of the main purposes of the collection

unique viewpoint on

was to make the readers more aware of the

the

hardships that the LGBT community faces. Es-

Matthew Shepard and

pecially in 1998 during Matthew?s funeral

explains the injustices

when anti-gay protesters held up signs saying

that were confronted

?God hates fags, Matt in Hell.? LĂŠslea Newman was appalled that anyone would have the gall

and the lack of accep- October Mourning won tance of how being the Stonewall Honor

to stand outside of a boy?s funeral, with his

gay does not mean

family and loved ones inside that loved him

that you are not a person. Matthew Shepard

and wanted to honor his memory in a positive

will remain in the hearts of his past class-

way. One of the major events of the collection

mates, friends, and most of all, his family but

are the events surrounding his murders?trials.

he is truly immortalized in this collection of

Both of Matthew?s murderers had girlfriends

poems. Matthew Shepard will always be ?Gone

and both of their girlfriends tried to testify in

but not forgotten.?

favor of the murders to try to protect their

Mourning:A for

Matthew

murder

of

Book award in 2013.

Gone but not forgotten"

loved one?s. Their efforts were in vain because, Matthew?s murders were still charged with double life.

October Mourning was created with the purpose of honoring Matthew Shepard?s memory, but while honoring him the collection of poems that would touch almost anyone?s heart also provided an example of how Gay Rights and seeing what someone believes and treating them as if they were not human anymore because they believe what you do not, is con-

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Amer ican Women's Effor t s Remember ed in The Vote

By Zoe Kolenovsky War. Politics. Disease. Family. Romance.

The Vote cen-

Sybil Downing?s novel, The Vote, covers all

ters around Kate

these topics and more through a story about

Brennan, a fic-

the struggle to receive the right to vote for

tional

women in America. Published in 2006, the

coming from a

book brings the fictional story of a young suf-

first- class, shel-

fragist to life with help from historical char-

tered family in

acters and events that helped pave the road

Colorado, who is

to women?s suffrage. Not only will readers be

pulled into the

on the edge of their seats following the jour-

suffrage

neys of working women in the early 1900s,

ment

character

move-

by

Lucy

they will be

Burns, a historical

thoroughly

leader of the Na- Alice Paul and many other

educated on

tional

one of many

Party. Learning the through prison sentences and

significant

ways of

reform move-

from Lucy Burns, unofficial co- president of

ments

the NWP and Mary Daly, an important mem-

America.

Lucy Burns worked alongside

in

suffragists during her fight for

Women?s the vote, sometimes suffering

harsh labor in an attempt to be politics silenced.

ber from Colorado, Kate develops an important role in overcoming the many obstacles of securing the vote. Despite all the politics and history in the novel, the personal lives of the

Sybil Downing

24

three narrators are explored as well. The

family matters and love interests of these

ing theme of perseverance is developed by

three women become their main conflicts,

the many difficulties overcome by suffragists

whether or not they support the suffragists? fighting for their rights. In addition to battling line of work and what will happen to the

the stereotypes of women caring only for is-

women if they

sues of the household and family, this reform

do not approve.

movement occurred during a time of great

These conflicts

danger and fear: World War I. As well as suf-

grow to be a

fering from the political setbacks, many of the

distraction both

women involved in the movement were af-

for better and

fected by the economic and personal realities

for worse from

of war, such as losing male relatives in battle

the

grueling

or to the recent epidemic of the Spanish in-

task of fighting

fluenza. These realities are explained in a way

the

country?s

that allows the reader to journey through this

most

powerful

historical period while feeling the many

men on an issue

losses personally, showing both the costs of

that contradicts

fighting for this crucial right as well as the

many

courage of the people willing to do so. Down-

The Vote's cover highlights a photograph of women marching in protest, likely members of the National Women's Party or another women's rights organization of that time.

tradi-

tional beliefs.

ing represents the struggle for women?s suffrage with a supportive yet slightly unpatri-

The novel is not only an exciting and entertaining read, it de-

otic attitude, appreciating the result of the battle while still resenting the battle itself.

scribes the illustrious battle for women?s suffrage with as much painstaking detail as historical records. The political elements of the fight for suffrage, such as Congressional debates and political rallies, are explained through the voices of individuals who witnessed these events in real life. The underly-

"A rage began to bui ld i nsi de her, ri si ng wi th the steadi ness of mercury i n a thermometer. She'd been a nai ve, trusti ng fool--a chi ld.

Never agai n would she beli eve that the justi ce of the amendment was enough for i t to carry the day."

25

The Vote is a wonderfully written novel that examines the American women?s suffrage movement through the voices of both fictional and historical characters. This major reform movement succeeded in bringing American women the vote, but not without many obstacles requiring the perseverance of suffragists to remain strong for decades. Downing?s novel is a great read for students looking for information on organizations such as the National Women?s Party, as well as anyone interested in learning about the historical events of the late 1910s. This book is especially relevant because of America?s recent presidential candidate Mrs. Hillary Clinton?s success among the people, proving that women are fit for the political scene. This de-

"How Long Must Women Wait For Liberty" was the slogan of the National Women's Party, placed on many of the banners during the picketing of the White House and other important government buildings.

lightful novel explains the political, economical, and personal effects of the fight for one of the most important achievements in American history: the vote.

From 1918 to 2018, the evolution of radio at its finest.

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Help support those in need, donate to New York State Division of Human Rights

For more information contact us at 1-888-392-3644 or visit our website http://dhr.ny.gov 27

Island

Taking a Ride t hr ough t he 1920s on t he Black Duck

during 1929 through 1931,

By Emmett Paton

Ruben Rewind to the 1920s, during the time

and

of Prohibition. Prohibition made the sale,

Jeddy,

manufacturing,

and

and

transportation

of

alcohol illegal. However, this amendment

most of

only

the

stopped

few

from

selling

and

transporting it. Using a frame narrative Janet Taylor Lisle tells the story of Ruben

citizens Janet Taylor Lisle's 2006, Black Duck

Hart, a young boy in 1929 who gets caught

of Newport enjoy

up with dead bodies, rum-running, and the

spending time at Coutlers Beach. As well as

Black Duck. The fast-paced historical fiction

Tyler's lane, where many rum-running boats

novel written in 2006 will send you back to

come through, like the Black Duck. Ruben

the coast of Rhode Island in 1929 when

whose father manages a General Store, and

Ruben and Jeddy find something that will

Jeddy whose father is the Chief police find

change their lives forever. ?Almost as an

themselves more involved in rum-running

afterthought we wandered toward this

than they could have ever imagined.

pool, not expecting to see anything. It came

However,

into view with no more drama than if it had

themselves on the same side of the law.

been a sodden piece of driftwood lying on

Resulting in conflicts between Ruben and

the sand: a naked human leg.? The failed

Jeddy as they try to figure out how to cope

reform movement themed Black Duck will

with their experiences. The rather intense

have

novel also develops the Young Adult

you

turning

pages

and

begging_for_more.

In the small town of Newport, Rhode 28

they

do

not

always

find

themes of initiation and acceptance of other people?s point of views. Ruben and

Jeddy have to journey into manhood, and

had no choice. Even Ruben just a schoolboy

they also have to learn to accept their

takes part in the business. Black Duck

different point of views, which they never

slightly glorifies law breaking, for it

accomplished.

contains stories of

Al

Capone, Lucky

The story is told by Ruben Hart as an

Luciano, Boston gangs, and New York gangs.

adult. He is being interviewed by David

The novel shows the excitements of being

Peterson who is eager to find a summer job

chased across the water at top speed in a

as a journalist. Black Duck uses many

small speed boat by the coast guard, but it

fiction newspaper articles to help drive the

also includes the fear and loss of being

plot. The intense read will change your

shot down by the force. In conclusion, Janet

point of view on Prohibition, and law

Taylor Lisle has done a phenomenal job of

breaking. The reason for that is because

portraying a story of very possible events,

even Jeddy?s dad and Ruben?s dad, who

that demonstrate how Prohibition did not

would seem the most

reach its goal of lowering crime, but

innocent, find aspects of

instead raised it. If you are interested in an

Prohibition. Black Duck demonstrates the

intense fast-paced novel that will keep you

excitements and horrors of breaking the

on the edge of your seat, you have to read

law_and_is_filled_with_kidnapping,_

Black Duck.

themselves in the illegal

backstabbing,_and_rum-running.

"I caught sight for the first time of the ship's name, painted along the starboard bow. Black Duck."

The reform movement of Prohibition was set into place to reduce crime.

Unfortunately, the movement increased crime, as shown in the novel. Most families became caught up in the money, and when the stock market crashed many families

Janet Taylor Lisle 29

The Bur ning Upr ising Bat t le

three girls are so close and so young. The tone

By Caroline Picou

the same devices that we have today to make

of this novel shifts from sad, to angry, to disgust in the early 1900?s. Back then, there were not

our life and jobs easier. Some of these devices Margaret Peterson Haddix wrote about the disastrous fire during the early 1900's. Uprising was published in 2007 and was written the New York Times Bestselling author, Margaret Peterson.

This novel pulls in historical fiction readers with the raging fire that changed America. Uprising is a prose fiction novel set in the year of 1911.

This novel takes place in New York, during the year of 1911, when it was cold, and there were poor living conditions, especially for Yetta and Bella. Bella is the protagonist of the novel who travels to America from Italy with her cousin Pietro in order to make money for her poor family

are cell phones, computers, and safety tools.

This novel addresses how many people lived off of two to four dollars each week, which includes paying for food, water, clothes, and bills. Bella attempts to reform herself and Yetta during the strike, and most importantly herself, after the fire. This book will affect readers with both an emotional punch and a patriotic pull.

Uprising will affect readers with an emotional punch because of the sadness and the hunger explained by Margaret Peterson Haddix. The book demonstrates the theme of reform which is that Bella becomes a better person after the

back in Italy.. Bella later finds a deep love for Pietro. She meets two girls, Yetta and Jane. Yetta is a poor shirtwaist worker who is not afraid to speak her mind. Jane is a wealthy girl who meets Bella and Yetta and wants to help them. They end up being very close friends and face some terrifying conflicts together.

One of their conflicts is when the shirtwaist workers go on strike because they are being cheated on by their bosses, staying at work too long for too little pay. The other one of their conflicts is frightening,,especially because these 30

Margaret Peterson Haddix

history lovers. The novel is amazing for history lovers because of a true event that happened. The fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory affected many people and caused many tragic deaths. The novel is recommended with a caveat due to the graphic images during the fire. This novel shows how people lived and survived back then, how they were treated unfairly, and how they stood up for themselves. This sympathetic novel is based upon true events, how hard life was, and how hard it was to find a job and receive equal pay as women.

Uprising is a fantastic novel that gives an important message about how much freedom is Uprising has explained the terrifying truth

worth and the courage demonstrated by all three

about the fire in New York at the Triangle

of the girls who stood up for themselves to the

Factory.

powerful factory owners.

fire in the Triangle Factory. This novel will also affect readers with a patriotic pull because today Americans have more freedom and rights than Americans did back then.

Uprising is a must read novel because of the tragic and horrifying historical event that was a wake up call for everyone. After the fire, there were reinforcements made in many buildings like more staircases, new fire escapes, and much more to prevent a fire from coming again.

Uprising

"It's a battle field out there, and only the strong

is

a

magnificent

and

empowering book that will make readers feel grateful for all of the rights that we have today.

This book is amazing for both readers and

can survive." This quote is from one of the characters about the fire in the Triangle factory, pictured above.

31

Changing Opinions of t he 1900's

By Sarah Henry

In the 1900's there was racial discrimination everywhere in America, especially the South. In the South many African Americans were denied access to many bars, restaurants, and more. In front of a restaurant in Dallas, Texas, there was a sign that read "No Dogs, Negroes, or Mexicans". This enraged many African Americans as they were compared to dogs. After a while, African Americans began to lead protests, some peaceful, some not. A group of young men decided to lead a peaceful protest, they went to a restaurant and sat at the whites only bar to show that they shouldn't be pushed off the the side into "colored people" areas. Many white people were angry and yelled at them to move. Another example of a protest was demonstrated when a group of African American men marched down the streets holding posters that said "I am a Man." This protest was to show people that no matter the color of your skin we are all still people. This protest made the 32

African Americans feel powerful and forceful. A photo was taken of an African American man, standing next to a wire fence. On the fence there was a sign that says "HELP WANTED WHITE ONLY." In the photo you see the man with a disappointed look, because African Americans weren't supposed to be treated differently anymore, yet they are still being denied many opportunities because of their race. A very popular Civil Rights activist by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. wanted segregation to end. He gave many speeches, though his most popular speech was called "I Have a Dream." In this speech he explained to a group of people that he dreamed of ending segregation and having everyone living in peace. His speech strongly affected the public making many whites begin to consider integrating.

33

Paying for Mur der

By Lydia Greene ?The Mortician in San Francisco?tells a story about the assassination of supervisor Harvey Milk and mayor George Moscone. The poem was written by Randall Mann who grew up in Provo, Utah in 1972. Randall Mann has a friend who lives in San Francisco who is a mortician.

He was the mortician who prepared Dan White to be buried ?I held the delicate hands of Dan White: I prepared him for burial; by then, Harvey Milk was made monument? no, myth? by the years since he was shot.? Mann also pointed out the irony that a gay mortician was preparing the body of an anti- gay activist who shot the first openly gay politician Harvey Milk and the Mayor of San Francisco in 1978. Randall also mentioned how the assassination was in the daily newspaper and how some individuals who were most likely anti- gay cheered at the sight of another gay person dying. Randall mentioned that because of the fact that so many people were not upset over the fact that Milk had died that if White had only shot the Mayor, there would have been an entirely different public opinion. ?If just the mayor had been shot, Dan might have had trouble on his hands.? Mann closes the poem with the phrase ?In the end he committed suicide, this Dan White.? Dan White killed himself after he served five years in jail for his crime of ?purposeful manslaughter?.

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35

Famous Act ivist and Suffr aget t e Becomes Mar t yr for Women's Right s Movement

By Zoe Kolenovsky Inez Milholland was a society-girl-turned-activist who became a powerful figure in the American suffrage movement both before and after her death. Coming from a wealthy background, she attended Vassar College in 1905. After meeting inspiring British suffragist leader, Emmeline Pankhurst, halfway through her term, Milholland began organizing women?s rights groups within the college. This university activism was much to the anger of the college?s President, Minister James Monroe Taylor, who viewed the women?s suffrage movement as propaganda. She graduated from both Vassar and New York University, earning a law degree and a job working as a clerk at a firm in New York. She then went on to join many organizations, such as the Child Labor Committee, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the National Women?s Party, organizing many marches and protests to support her many causes. Milholland was nicknamed both the ?Suffrage Herald? and the ?Joan of Arc of the Suffrage Movement? after leading two parades on horseback in a crown and white robes. Her beauty and high status drew the crowds, and her passion for women?s rights kept them, going so far as to drive out a group of drunken men disrupting the march in Washington D.C. in 1913. Adding to her long list of honorable occupations, she worked in World War I as a correspondent in Italy but was sent back to America because of her strong pacifist beliefs. She died on November 25, 1916, after a collapse during a speech in Los Angeles due to a long untreated tonsil infection. Milholland was accomplished even in death, as her memorial service on Christmas Day was the first ever to be held in the United States Capitol for a woman. She became a martyr for the suffrage movement, her close friends and associates still fighting to win the vote in her name. Many years after her death, memorial organizations were still being founded in order to honor the memory and preserve the values of Inez Milholland, the martyr suffragette.

36

37

Pr opaganda Per suades t he Public

By Emmett Paton Propaganda played a major role in the Temperance Movement, and the passing of the 18th Amendment. During World War I propaganda was used to demoralize and dehumanize Germans, so that Americans would stop buying alcohol from German breweries. Germans were considered enemies, and thought to be against American ideals.

Anti-Saloon Leagues used propaganda to make people believe Germans were gluttons, anti-American, a faceless group that wanted to destroy western society, and sadistic beasts. The propaganda also shows the downhill toboggan of alcoholism. Fathers are becoming drunkards, causing domestic violence, wasting their families money, putting their kids and wives in danger, and dying from alcohol abuse. Prohibition was passed to reduce domestic violence, and stop fathers from becoming drunkards and endangering their families. The propaganda shows the cause and effect of how just simply tasting alcohol can lead to alcoholism, which can lead to many other negative effects.

38

39

Women Fight ing Thr ough Wage Gap

By Caroline Picou Women battle and protest through the gender wage gap.

They were, and still are discriminated against and struggle to earn equal rights and equal pay for an equal amount of work. This was very important because there was no equality or equality rights for women ?Made in Dagenham? is a movie which takes place in the late 1960?s when many women worked at the Ford Motor companies. Those women struggled to earn equal rights and equal pay, especially because 55,000 male workers earned more than women. The female workers walked out of their jobs to protest discrimination against women and unequal pay. The movie has affected people by making them feel sympathetic for the women who did not have equal pay and how difficult working was for them. ?Made in Dagenham?is based off of a true story and packs a big punch. These images were brought to people?s attention because of the significance of equal pay for women.

These images were brought to the publics attention because of the significance of equivalent wages for women. They also were brought to the publics attention because they were demanding, protesting, and going on strike for equal pay and equal opportunity. Women have become more strong throughout the years especially from fighting through the wage gap

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Cover

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