A Century of War 2017

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A Century of War

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Table of Con t en t s News... -

Tim elin e ....................................................................................................................................................................pg. 6 Th e Higgin s Boat Win s t h e War ...............................................................................................................................pg. 8 by Jack Scot t Roosevelt Spar k s Japan ese In t er n m en t ................................................................................................................pg. 10 by Esen ia Elen a Delgadillo Walk in g Th r ou gh t h e Rem eber an ce of Pear l Har bor ...........................................................................................pg. 12 by Ken n edy Der osin Econ om ic Dw on f all in Am er ica du r in g Viet n am War ..........................................................................................pg. 14 by Dam ien Ceaser Oliver Nor t h's Jou n r ey Fr om Fam e t o Sh am e........................................................................................................pg. 16 by M ich ael Bau m er Espion age Act is Ch allen ged M an y Tim es Du r in g t h e " Red Scar e" .....................................................................pg. 18

Ar ts... -

Fin din g t h e Sw eet Am on g t h e Bit t er ......................................................................................................................pg. 22 by Esen ia Elen a Delgadillo Rem em ber in g 9/ 11 ...................................................................................................................................................pg. 26 by Ken n edy Der osin Tim Wyn n e-Jon es Deliver s a Th r illin g M yst er y......................................................................................................pg. 28 by Jack Scot t Rick At k in son : Jou r n ey t h r ou gh Oper at ion Over lor d...........................................................................................pg. 30 by M ich ael Bau m er Seein g t h e War Fr om t h e Ot h er Side......................................................................................................................pg. 32 by Hen r y Lew is A Look in t o t h e Exper ien ces of a You n g Soldier ...................................................................................................pg. 34 by Dam ien Ceaser Raisin g of t h e Am er ican Flag on Iw o Jim a by ......................................................................................................pg. 36 by Hen r y Lew is View in g Ter r or ism t h r ou gh t h e Ar t s......................................................................................................................pg. 38 by Ken n edy Der osin Th er e is Alw ays Tom or r ow......................................................................................................................................pg. 40 by Esen ia Elen a Delgadillo Th e M an Wh o Saved M an y......................................................................................................................................pg. 42 by M ich ael Bau m er Th e USS Ar izon a Tr agedy.........................................................................................................................................pg. 44 by Jack Scot t 3 M u sical Pat r iot ism For Wor ld War II......................................................................................................................pg. 46 by Dam ien Ceaser


Every time 20 dollars are purchased by a customer in the sports and outdoors section, five dollars will go towards helping soldiers suffering from PTSD.

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Raisin g t h e Am er ican Flag on Iw o Jim a

NEW S by Henry Lewis

In early 1945, near the end of World War Two, many people in America and other allied nations started to see that Germany was declining, and was going to lose the war. People expected that after Italy surrendered and Germany was coming close to it, Japan would follow, but that was not the case. Japanese Soldiers in World War Two followed Bushido Code which stated ?death before dishonor? and they would die, whether it be committing suicide or by simply fighting until they were overrun, before they surrendered. After Allied soldiers witnessing suicidal attacks, known as ?Kamikaze? attacks, seen at The Invasion of Leyte Gulf and Lingayen Gulf, many citizens started to lose hope in the war ending quickly. Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur decided to launch an assault on a small island called Iwo Jima. Although, this island was only about 9 square miles, it blocked the way for a mainland assault, and the Americans decided it could be used as an airfield. The Japanese General, General Kuribayashi, ordered the digging of huge tunnels networks, pillboxes, and caves. The Americans launched their assault on February 19, 1945, expecting to capture the island in five days, it took 36 days, and the lives of 6,800 Americans, and 21,000 Japanese. Joe Rosenthal managed to capture a photo of four Marines and a Navy Corpsman raising an American Flag over the island of Iwo Jima and less than a day later it made the front papers. After Americans saw this, many felt inspired that America was gaining ground, and that meant a closer end to the war. This photo also was a centerpiece in a war-bond poster that raised about $26 billion dollars in 1945. Rosenthal also won the Pulitzer Prize later in 1945 for this photo, for bravely being in combat and immortalizing the fighting spirit of Americans in World War Two.

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A Cen t u r y of W

1919

1932

December 7, 1941

February 19, 1942

Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected

Bombing of Pearl Harbor and USS Arizona

Franklin Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066

1915

All Quiet On the Western Front was published January 29, 1929

Setting of All Quiet On the Western Front , D-Day, Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, and Emperor of Any Place 1940s

6

Invention of the Higgins Boat (LCVP)

Japanese Internment began

1941 1942


War Tim elin e

1946

September 11, 2001

The Japanese Internment ended

9/11 and the setting of All We Have Left

November 4, 2016

June 6, 1944 Battle of Normandy

The movie Hacksaw Ridge was released

2017

7

Bombing of Iwo Jima and the raising of the American flag

Oliver North and Iran Scandal

February 19, 1945 through March 6, 1945

1980s

Publication of Emperor of Any Place, All We Have Left, D-Day, and Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet 2009 through 2016


Th e Higgin s Boat Win s t h e War . By Jack Scott

On June 6, 1944, the Allies invaded

that the Allies would need a boat because

France in an attempt to free the French from

the Navy ?doesn?t know one damn thing

the control of the Germans. Many of the

about small boats,?, so, he stockpiled supplies

troops and vehicles were brought

to

accordingly. When he heard of the need, he

Normandy Beach by way of the Higgins Boat.

designed the LCVP, the Land Craft, Vehicle,

The most notable use of the boats was the

and Personnel. In the beginning, he had

invasion of Omaha Beach, which was the

trouble

most heavily protected section of Normandy.

government, but

The boat was also used in many other

eventually won him his chance. In one of the

battles throughout Europe and helped the

first battles, the soldier dubbed the boat, the

Allies move their troops to the shore. The

?Higgins Boat?, and the name stuck.

getting

his

design

persistence

boat received high praise from many people, but most notably was President Dwight D. Eisenhower in a 1964 interview. He said, ?Andrew Higgins is the man who won the war for us.? Therefore, in many opinions, the Allies would not have been so successful in the war if not for the Higgins Boat. The Higgins Boat was created by Andrew Higgins, a fire-headed Irishman. Before the war, Higgins owned a small boat manufacturing company that made wooden boats for oil prospecting in New Orleans. Then, the need for a new, smaller boat in the war became apparent. Many other manufacturers tried to make boats but, each of theirs could not work for what the Allies 8

had in mind. Before, Higgins had guessed

The Higgins Boat wass used to carry troops to shore during WWII.

to

the

and

skill


e

g

s

e

,

d

e

e

e

After his idea was accepted, Higgins? the most important factors in winning the company grew exponentially. He then had

war due to its contributions in one of the

25,000 workers working in his factories and

most

important

battles

he became one of the first factories to have women and African-Americans as workers. The workers produced over 20,000 boats and 12,500 of them were LCVPs. The LCVPs were amphibious, made partially of steel and wood. The Higgins Boat was 36 feet in length, had an 11-foot beam, and a three-foot draft. The LCVP was a fairly slow boat with a top speed of 12 knots. The craft could

hold

36

troops

maximum,

a

6,000-pound vehicle, or 8,100 pounds of supplies. In battles, the LCVP usually carried platoons of soldiers or jeeps to shore. The craft was used in practically all of the European invasions and was an invaluable asset to the Allies. The Higgins Boat was considered a solution in the war. The idea came just in time for D-day and the Allies could not have gone without it. Also, because of Higgins? contribution to the war effort, the National WWII Museum was placed in New Orleans in his honor. At the museum, multiple exhibits are on the subject

of LCVP

including an entire boat located near the entrance. In conclusion, the LCVP was one of 9

Andrew Higgins, the inventor of the Higgins Boat

in

WWII.


Roosevelt Spar k s Japan ese In t er n m en t By Esenia Elena Delgadillo During the 1932 election, Franklin

without social and economic issues, such as

Delano Roosevelt?s campaign and election

the Ku Klux Klan or the Great Depression,

played a significant role in economic, social,

being a problem. Roosevelt eventually won

and war-related issues which would create

the election with over 57% of the popular

not only an economic turning point, but a

vote and 472 electoral votes, winning against

social revolution as well. Many important

Hoover by a landslide.

events, such as Pearl Harbor, occurred during his presidency, which revealed information about his character and the role he played throughout history, and especially in World War II. At the time of the election of 1932, the most prominent issue in America was the Great

Depression.

unemployment

rate

At was

the at

time,

the

24%

and

industries were barely functioning. The two major party nominees were Herbert Hoover, a

Roosevelt's campaign button used during the 1932 election.

widely disliked Republican, and Franklin

Nearly a decade after his election, after

Delano Roosevelt, the popular democratic

the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin

governor of

his

D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 on

campaign, Roosevelt blamed Hoover for the

February 19, 1942. This order demanded the

Great Depression, but did not offer a specific

entire west coast to become a designated

reform program. Despite his vague basis for

military area and would eventually authorize

his campaign, Roosevelt was so beloved, he

the internment of thousands of American

was in the position to win the election

citizens of Japanese ancestry and residents

10

New York. Throughout


from Japan. At first, this order did not target a

Government

specific group, but led to the relocation of

survivors or descendants of survivors of the

thousands of Japanese residents. Whether

internment camps across the country.

these people were citizens or noncitizens, they

paid 1.6 million dollars to

Throughout

this

time

in

history,

were forced to close businesses, abandon

Roosevelt?s presidency was a catalyst for many

homes and farms.

critical events that occurred during WWII. At the time, his leadership was also very influential to the public, as he revitalized the economy and provided jobs for people who became unemployed as a result of the Great Depression. On the other hand, Roosevelt was pressured by his fellow officials to issue Executive Order 9066. This order would eventually lead to the internment of hundreds of thousands of Japanese residents and people of Japanese descent. Conclusively, throughout Roosevelt?s

presidency

he

made

made

mistakes, which innocent people would have Franklin Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066.

to suffer from, on the other hand, he made many important and influential decisions

Many Japanese citizens in the area were transported to camps in California, Arizona, Washington state, and Oregon, where they would be brutally treated and derived of many of their human rights.

rescinded, and the Japanese Americans began to leave the camps. The last camp was closed

11

1946

and

decades

strategies of war forever. As Roosevelt said, ?In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can

In January 1944, the exclusion order was

in

which would transform our economy and

later,

the

U.S.

do

is

nothing.?


Walk in g t h r ou gh t h e r em em br an ce of Pear l Har bor By Kennedy Derosin Pearl Harbor was a very significant event in United States History that led the United States into World War II, one of the largest wars in history. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the

that the United States found itself at war against powers in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.

island of Oahu of what is now known as Pearl

In April of 1942, the United States Navy

Harbor. The Japanese bombers left more than

won a decisive victory over the Imperial

3,200 people dead as they flew over the Hawaii

Japanese Navy in the Battle of Midway. In

islands striking down with bombs on the early 1943, Island hopping was brought into play for the United states defense. Island hopping winter morning of December 7, 1941. Four Japanese submarines and six Japanese aircraft carriers were present at Pearl Harbor. Each Japanese aircraft had a red circle on its wing to represent the rising sun. A U.S fleet was sent our and suddenly, the President and all of Hawaii was on high alert for the bombs. Gov. Joseph B. Poindexter

declared

a

state

emergency

was the military strategy, used by the Allies in World War II, of concentrating on Japanese islands which were not well defended. Finally, in August of 1945, the Pacific war came to an end when the United States dropped atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

demanding that everyone moved out of the streets for protection The next day on December 8, 1841, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the Senate, House, Cabinet, and Supreme Court as he stated that it would be ?a date that will live in infamy.? The Congress officially declared war on Japan. Two days later on December 11, Japan's allies (Germany and Italy) declared war on the United States and it was the first time in history 12

Bombing of Pearl Harbor


In Conclusion, Pearl Harbor was a traumatizing,

dreadful,

and

important event in American History that lead the United States into World War II. Furthermore, even though Japan bombed the island of Oahu, The United States did not give up.

In

President

Roosevelt's

words,"We will gain the inevitable triumph, so help us, God.?The United States triumphantly defeated Japan in World War II and served justice for all of the people who died in the initial Pearl Harbor attack. In the end, Pearl Harbor is an event that Attack of Pearl Harbor

will without a doubt go down as one of the most critical attacks in American

History.

Come v i s i t t he WWI I Mus eum! 20% of pr oc eeds wi l l go t o Pear l Har bor Vet er ans i n need. 13


c

Econ om ic Dow n f all in Am er ica du r in g Viet n am War

o

J

i

By Damien Ceasar

The main reason for the U.S.

inflated at double digits. This inflation

ending the Vietnam War was because of

led

the severely damaged economy caused

deteriorating immensely. Overseas the

by the reckless spending by the United

U.S. Military need weapon and supplies

States

U.S.

to fight the war. Factories in America

Government had spent an estimated one

had to continually produce weapons and

hundred, sixty eight

Ammunition. These same factories could

Government..

The

billion dollars

to

domestic

producing

standards

fighting the war. During this time

have

President Lyndon B. Johnson, successor

consumers. Countries overseas caught

to John F. Kennedy in 1963 made several

wind of America?s damaged economic

huge mistakes concerning the economy.

state. As a result the U.S. trade was also

He had waged a ?War on Poverty?for the

damaged. After the Vietnam War had

?Great Society? in America. Also at this

ravaged the United State?s economy

time President Johnson continued to

President Richard Nixon had to pick up

spend money escalating the Vietnam

the broken pieces. In conclusion, the

War. If that was not enough Johnson

Vietnam War was one of the most

attempted to increase the income tax by

economically taxing wars in America?s

ten percent. Congress stated that in

history. The inflation caused by the

order to increase the income tax

Government?s spending caused many

Johnson would have to cut six billion

financial problems for U.S. citizens.

dollars out of domestic spending. This

Americans could not find jobs. This

domestic spending was going into the

problem would not be fully solved until

?War on Poverty.?After these unfortunate

the 1990s. Citizens living on fixed

events the American economy was

incomes had their incomes eroded. Most

14

been

living

goods

for

p

c

k

i

v

t


citizens were too afraid to save money in fear

money. This was not the case unfotunatly.

of losing the money they had saved. Lyndon B.

Congress did not allow the tax to go up.

Johnson

debt

Lyndon B. Johnson dropped six billion dollars

immensely funding the Vietnam War. The ten

off of the budget for the Great Society

percent income tax rise was not okayed by

program. The economic downfall caused by

congress until 1969. This catastrophe is

the Vietnam War was one of the largest

known as the ?Great Inflation.? The Great

economic catastrophes in American history.

had

increased

federal

inflation all but destroyed America?s monetary value. In short, the Government?s funding for the war had to be balanced by tax payers

President Lyndon B. Johnson has a worried look on his face.

15


Oliver North's Journey from Fame to Shame By Michael Baumer

Oliver North, the once thought of

Guatemalan Government. The Contras

purple heart and silver star award winner

were part of the cocaine trade to the

for leading his marine platoon in the

United States. During the time the United

Vietnam War, but now thought of as a

States were at a war with drugs, Oliver

criminal

who disobeyed his country.

North gave the money he received from

Oliver North was a Marine who trained at

Iran to the Contras because he wanted to

the Naval Academy of Annapolis and

stop communism, which is what the

fought in the Vietnam War. He became

Contras were trying to do. When the

the Deputy Director of the National

word got out to the public about what

Security Council, until he was forced to

happened, Oliver North took full blame

resign due to the Iran-Contra Scandal.

of what happened to try and keep his

Oliver North sold weapons to Iran

superiors from getting in trouble. The

in exchange for hostages and with the

only other people who knew about the

money Iran gave him for the guns, he

Iran-Contra

gave it to the Contra Guerrillas. The

Ronald Reagan and CIA director William

Contra Guerrillas was a rebel group that

Casey.

fought

against

the

Communist

Scandal

were

President

Oliver North was represented by lawyer Brendan Smith in the Iran-Contra Scandal. Oliver North on June 7th, 1987 at the beginning of the week long court case says that he will tell the "the truth, the good, and the bad." Oliver North was charged

with

destroying

evidence,

supplying arms to Iran in exchange for hostages, and funding a rebel group. Oliver North swearing an oath. 16


shredding

the

documents

of

the

transactions. Oliver North ensured during the court case that his superiors, President Ronald Reagan and CIA director William Casey were to have "plausible deniability." The Judge sentenced Oliver North to a three year suspended jail sentence and fined him 150,000 dollars. The trial ended June 14, 1987. All of the charges were dropped in 1990. The Iran-Contra Scandal controversial

court

was a

case because many

people say it was not a fair trial and many people say the opposite. A few mistakes were made in the court case but none were important enough to reverse any of the convictions.

The Time magazine covering the scandal.

Every t ime a gallon of Blue Bell ice cream is bought , $5 are donat ed t oward t he W ounded W arrior Program by Blue Bell. 17


Espion age Act Is Ch allen ged M an y Tim es du r in g t h e ?Red Scar e? By: Hen r y Lew is

When America joined the Great War in

This case went all the way to the

1917, many Americans were experiencing ?Red

Supreme Court in 1919. Justice Oliver Wendell

Scare? and many were scared of anarchist and

Holmes,

communist rioting against the government the

distribution of letters to falsely shouting ?Fire!?

following bombings lead by anarchists and

in a crowded public place. The Supreme Court

riots by communists. The Espionage Act was

ruled unanimously in favor of the United States,

passed, this bill banned all "disloyal, profane,

saying that in other circumstances he would

scurrilous, or abusive language about the form

have had the right to do what he did, but in the

of government of the United States ... or the

dire circumstances of a country at war this was

flag of the United States, or the uniform of the

not okay. This decision upheld the government?s

Army or Navy." This act was later followed by

right to restrict citizens rights in wartime, and

The Sedition Act of 1918.

was an exception to the First Amendment in

the

Chief

Judge,

related

the

Charles Schenck, an adversary to America

history of the United States. After the ruling

joining the war, and Secretary of the Socialist

Schenck spent nine months in jail, but less than

Party of America, sent out thousands out letters

a year later, Justice Holmes later overturned his

to soldiers who had been drafted into the war,

original ruling, by dissenting to another opinion

saying that the draft was unconstitutional, and

in a similar case less than a year later in the

the United States government should not be

Abrams v. United States.

able to force Americans to kill people in

Abrams was a Russian Jew who had

another country. The United States arrested

attended an anarchist meeting, and received

Schenck saying that he violated the Espionage

flyers protesting America?s involvement in

Act, and that the letters were used to lower the

World War II and in the Russian Revolution. The

loyalty of soldiers and cause insubordination

flyers also called for the stopping of production

among the ranks. Schenck sued the United

of weapons and war materials. The next day he

States in court saying that he was exercising

went on top of a four story balcony of a hat

his First Amendment right to free speech.

factory, and threw the flyers over the city.

18


Abrams

and

immigrants

six from

other the

Russian anarchist

meeting were arrested and all of them faced fines and time in jail. Holmes explained his dissent by saying he thought that the probability of the anarchist physically committing to trying to impede on the weapons production was very low, and it posed little threat. Both of these cases were extremely controversial to the people of the United States, because of how it was the first time that the First Amendment had an exception.

Charles Schenck

19

HIT THE POLLS!


$5 of ev er y or der wi l l go t owar ds Vi et nam Vet er ans i n need

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ART

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Fin din g t h eBySw eet Am on g t h e Bit t er Esenia Elena Delgadillo Jamie Ford?s work of historical fiction, Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, will shine

a

light

heart-breaking

upon events,

horrendous which

and

occurred

during World War II in Seattle, Washington, which will rattle your emotions as you turn every page. This touching novel conveys the passionate

first

love

story

of

a

Chinese-American boy growing up in a Jamie Ford

war-torn society as he struggles between

The main characters, who impact the

his emotions and the unfortunate events

conflict of the novel, are Henry Lee and

that could end his relationship with a

Keiko

Japanese-American girl. In 2009, Hotel on

Chinese-American boy who lives in Seattle,

the Corner of Bitter and Sweet revealed

Washington, during WWII. In the novel,

horrible

Japanese

readers get to see both his childhood and

Internment during WWII, as this event

his later life as the plot jumps back and

dismantles the bond between the two

forth from his memories of WWII and his

protagonists.

life, decades after the war. On the other

truths

about

the

Okabe.

Henry

is

a

young

hand, Keiko is a Japanese-American girl who is Henry's first love, though she may have been seen as the enemy at the time of the war because of her race, she continued to identify as American throughout the novel. Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet is set in Seattle, Washington, however, the time of the events change throughout the book. At first, the novel begins in 1986, during 22

Clip art representing the Japanese Internment.

Henry?s life after the war, but shifts to 1942,


during Henry?s childhood. Most of the novel

the reader on the edge, wondering how the

is set between 1942 and 1945 because

roller coaster of a plot will end, as they are

most of the major conflicts of the story are

moved yet turning every page to reach the

developed during Henry?s childhood.

affectionate and sentimental ending of this book. Readers will be left speechless as they come to the conclusion of this timeless love story that was interrupted by the unfairness and tragedies of WWII. After reading, people will be astonished by the gruesome events, specifically the Japanese Internment of WWII, that history textbooks hardly mention. Anyone who reads this novel will be filled with empathy and want to know more, as they are taken through the memories of a man who lived in the most unimaginable circumstances, as he was

The Panama Hotel, a hotel Henry visits in Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet

racially

discriminated

and

tormented

during his childhood.

Ford developed a number of purposeful tones throughout the novel, adding to the striking plot, however, the most prominent attitude of Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet was sadness, along with strife and struggle. In part to the war and social norm at the time the novel was set, themes of race, warfare, and perseverance were skillfully developed through the characters, setting, and plot of the read. This book describes an emotional story that leaves 23

Many Chinese-American people, like Henry Lee, had to wear buttons so authorities would not mistake them fo Japanese and take them to internment camps.


the storyline begins to develop, a love interest is introduced in the plot, adding a subtle feeling of brightness and delight to the dispirited read. This piece of writing also commands the attention of history enthusiasts, as Ford?s work focuses on the theme of loss during one of the biggest wars that occurred in our history. This

novel

specifically

targets

the

Japanese Internment during the 1940s, which is usually overshadowed by other primary events that materialized, yet, this piece of work reveals another point of view of this horrific event and provides further

information

about

a unique

perspective of war.

The cover of Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, in which Henry and Keiko are walking with each other.

Overall, this novel is a heartfelt depiction of a captivating first love story during one of the grimmest times in our history, which draws the attention of romantics, history lovers, and anyone who wishes to enjoy an amazing piece of writing, filled with

sorrow,

heartbreak,

and

"Oai Deki Te Ureshii Desu" "How are you today, beautiful?" A Japanese girl being taken away to an Internment camp. 24

-Henry Lee

love.


S u p p o r t Ou r

D ON A T E

T r o o ps

N OW

w w w .T r o o ps Su ppo r t .c o m

25


Rem em ber in g 9/ 11 By Kennedy Derosin All We Have Left is a spellbinding fictional novel in which the past and present intertwine to reveal pain, love, and sacrifice of

the unforgettable

nine-eleven attack that sparked the war on terrorism. Author Wendy Mills hones in on the harsh realities of war in which two teenage girls suffer the loss, agony, and despair of the ones they love and others around them. This novel was published in August of 2016, the same

The book cover of All we Have Left

year that the protagonist, Jesse, shares

26

her story of her brother, whom she lost

ideas of being successful. Jesse, on the

in the cataclysmic terrorist attack of

other hand, is a sixteen-year-old girl who

9/11.

deals with the appalling loss of her brother New York, the setting of the novel,

in 9/11. Moreover, when she gets caught up

is where the two main protagonists, Alia

with the wrong crowd, one thoughtless

and Jesse, live in two diverse times of

decision turns her life upside down. The

2001 and 2016. Both protagonists

only way to make amends with her poor

experience

contrasting

decision is to face the past, starting Jesse

conflicts throughout the novel. Both

on a journey that could disclose the truth

Jesse and Alia struggle with family

about her brother's death. Both dynamic

conflicts as well as conflicts pertaining

characters have a leading impact on the

to

attitude

their

related, yet

well-being.

Alia

is

a

demonstrated

towards

the

sixteen-year-old Muslim who lives in a

historical conduct of life and interpersonal

country where Muslims are not valued,

relations regarding themselves and others

while Alia wants to be successful in life,

in the novel. This novel has a remarkably

she and her parents have very different

deep emotional attitude that will make


readers feel impacted by the messages of love, friendship, and the pathos that is shown through both protagonists and their relationship with a certain character. In the duration of the novel, there is a strong sensibility of the events that helps to develop the setting of the novel in a way that leads forth the evolvement of all the characters. In the novel, the Twin Towers show

immense

implication

to

the

development of the two protagonists in the fact that the Twin Towers is where Alia, gets trapped and meets a boy who changes everything for her, it is also where Jesse?s brother dies a horrible death in the detrimental 9/11 attack.

Author Wendy Mills

never be forgotten in American history. This novel compassionately rehabilitates the realistic lives, loves, passions and struggles of Alia and Jesse, as they both deal

with

the

aftermath

of

that

destructive day. Overall, this novel is an

In the end, All We Have Left is an

inspiring depiction and extensive glimpse

exceptional novel that will put readers on

of one of our country's tremendous

an emotional roller coaster as they learn

catastrophes and is a novel that is highly

and

the

recommended for young adults, students,

unfortunate and adverse events of 9/11. In

overall lovers of history and people who

this heartfelt novel, love, misery, sacrifice,

just

understand

more

about

want

an

inspirational

read.

and joy are shown as readers venture through two stories in a time that will

"People do terrible things. People do beautiful things. It's against the black backdrop of evil that the shining light of good shows the brightest. We can't focus on the darkness of the night, or we'll miss out on the stars." - Alia 27


Tim Wynne-Jones Delivers a Thrilling Mystery By: Jack Scott In this thrilling mystery novel,

Japanese monsters and spirits. Also trapped

Tim Wynne-Jones

on Tinian is Derwood Kraft, an American

sends readers on

soldier whose plane crashed on the island.

a search for the

The pair struggle through many challenges

truth with twists

including trying to out think and kill a

and

shocking

mythical demon called the Tengu, battling

around

the harsh elements, and most difficult of all,

every corner. The

learning to understand and accept each

Emperor

Any

other. The journal focuses on Kraft?s and

Place, published in

Isamu?s views on each other and how their

2015, is a terrifying

bond went from Captive and Captor to

suspense novel that shows readers the

Subject and Emperor to the closest of

horrors and confusion of war when no one

friends.

reveals

Tim Wynne-Jones,

of

can really tell what happened. This novel brings together a world of mythology and warfare

to

create

an

ominous

yet

compelling story of family, fear, and fantasy. The Emperor of Any Place follows Evan, a present day sixteen-year-old, as he deals with his father?s death and his grandfather?s secrets. Shortly after

his

father?s death, Evan finds a small bound book on his father?s desk. The book is labeled Kokoro-Jima. Kokoro-Jima is the journal of the WWII Japanese soldier, Isamu Oshiro, who is stranded on Tinian, a small island off the coast of Japan, with a host of 28

The Tengu is a Japanese demon that Kraft and Isamu had to fight .


Back in present day, Evan must deal

his grandfather was indeed a murderer. After a

with his grandfather, the infamous Sergeant

dramatic standoff between Griff and Evan, the

Griff, who is coming to live with him to ?take

truth is revealed, which leaves readers in awe

care of things.? When Griff arrives, Evan

and surprise.

immediately sees a difference between the

"The truth is bigger than the stories people tell themselves and bigger than the lies they live with."

monster that his father described and the strict man living down the hall. Even though Griff did not seem to be the monster his father described, Evan and Griff start clashing due to

- Clifford E. Griffin The Emperor of Any Place creates a

their opposing views on everything. Though

fantastical

they continue to clash, Griff and Evan begin to

showing horrid details of the war, but also

concrete

through

mentioning specific Japanese mythical beasts

each other and

and their stories. It also shows many aspects

what is under

of war. It shows the reality through Griff, a war

their

rough

veteran and it shows the romantic view of war

exteriors. All at

through Evan, who knows war only from his

once,

father?s stories. This novel is perfect for most

their

relationship

anyone who is looking for a mystery with

falls apart and

fantastical and historical elements. However, it

Evan

may be unsuitable for younger readers due to

starts

its harsh language and graphic images. for

Overall, The Emperor of Any Place is a solid

what

might

read with an expert balance of fantasy and

happen.

Then,

himself

reality.

the question that crossed Leo Kraft?s mind also crossed his, ?What happened to Isamu Oshiro??After he gets insight from a friend, he searches for answers and finds them. He then finds out that his grandfather went to the island after the war, furthering the theory of 29

world

understand

preparing The cover of The Emperor of Any Place.

yet

Tinian Island Airfield is located in the Pacific Ocean.


Rick At k in son's Jou r n ey t h r ou gh Oper at ion Over lor d By Michael Baumer ?More ships than sea?said a French

boy when he woke up to one of the most important and successful

attacks in

World War II known as D-Day. In this thrilling non-fiction World War II history book D-Day which was published in 1853 by Rick Atkinson, who takes on one of the most incredible attacks in World War II. This book thoroughly tells what takes place during D-Day the Invasion of Normandy. The attack on D-Day from the Allied forces was lead by Dwight D.

the invasion were the ground troops

Eisenhower who was in charge of the

entered through the Bay of Seine on

planning and the invasion. Although

boat. The paratroopers went by air to

Eisenhower lead the attack on D-Day he

their designated invasion points. For

had help planning the attack against the

example

axis powers from Winston Churchill and

designated to drop near the Orne and

Bernard L. Montgomery. From Dwight D.

the Caen, in France, to control the

Eisenhower's planning of D-Day to the

bridges. Rick Atkinson really shows that

invasion on the beaches of Normandy on

this was not an easy fight and how the

June 6, 1944, there were many significant

Axis powers reacted to the attack on very

events and key details about the attack. A planning event

that

happened was

Operation Material which was when everything was given out and made 30

Rick Atkinson

ready for the attack. Key details during

some

paratroopers

were

?Give me some men who are stout hearted men / Who will fight for the right they adore? -Rick Atkinson


short notice. The Axis powers reacted with

because it is risking many people's lives. For

heavy artillery fire on the front lines of the

all of the history lovers, this would be a great

beaches and with many fighter planes trying

book to read and will be enjoyed because it

to stop the air pursuit of the Allied forces.

teaches the readers new facts and tells what

This book addresses many events that took

happened before, during, and after D-Day.

place before, during, and after D-Day. The book shows what war is really like because of the amount of detail Rick Atkinson gave on the events of all aspects of the war. This book is told very well by Rick Atkinson because he draws the audience in with a patriotic pull and tells the story with a strong assertive tone. Many probably think they know a lot about D-Day and World War II, but in this book more facts will definitely be learned and some that even the history fans have never heard about. This book will extend your understanding on the concept of

The cover of D-Day with an image of soldiers swimming up to the Normandy Beach.

war and how it works because Rick Atkinson brings you on a journey through the smallest details to the biggest details on what happens on D-Day, June 6, 1944, during World War II. D-Day really captures the aspect of war because it develops what the realities of war are and how war is orchestrated. D-Day shows how war is orchestrated because of the significant amount of planning that goes into creating such an event and how much preparation is necessary for such a vital event 31

American Soldiers are unloading from an LCT (landing craft tank) onto the Normandy Beach.


Seein g t h e War Fr om t h e Ot h er Side By Henry Lewis The German soldiers huddle in their trench as they hide from the gas and shrapnel shell, but once the bombardment ends they know better than to stay, they rise quickly to defend their motherland from the initial wave of French and American soldiers. They focus on the charging infantry, but near the opposing trench, light-machine guns are firing, and snipers are hiding waiting for the unsuspecting enemy to pop his head over the trench. All Quiet on the Western Front, is set in the bloody frontlines of World War One, and is told through the eyes of a young character named Paul Bäumer. This book, written by Erich Maria Remarque in 1929, although based on the horrors and the events of ?The Great War,? is

?It is very queer that the unhappiness of the world is so often brought on by small men.? - Erich Maria Remarque well known, All Quiet on the Western Front. Many of these books were banned in Germany after the rise of the Nazi Regime shortly before World War Two. Paul Bäumer, the protagonist and narrator, joined the German Army in World War One, at the age of 19. Paul suffers from psychological and physical pain, as the war and has trained him to survive, Paul starts to disconnect with his feelings, and becomes less and less focused. He starts to ?space-out? in the heat of battle, and when he ?comes back? he is lost, confused, and scared, and as his company starts to suffer more and more casualties, he realizes he may

fiction and will show readers how war was

not get out of

fought before it had been modernized by

World War One

innovative tactics and weaponry, specifically

alive.

blitzkrieg. This war story shows the atrocities that soldiers faced on and off the decimated

When

talking

battlefield.

about

his

Erich Maria Remarque was a German veteran of World War One, and shortly after

Paul

mentions

his

former

wrote books about the horrors of war, his most Erich Maria Remarque 32

company

officer,


and remembers how he sacrificed himself for

not machines. It shows the perspective of the

his company when they are stuck in a crater

people who aren?t heard, it shows how the

and two men with flamethrowers. ?When he

wrong people always fight, that young men are

sees that we cannot escape because under the

drawn into war, even though they never wanted

sharp fire we must make the most of this cover,

it. After reading this book a reader?s idea of war

he takes a rifle, crawls out of the hole, and lying

will broaden. Readers will see inside the minds

down propped on his elbows, he takes aim. He

of the soldiers who fight on the frontlines. The

fires ? the same moment a bullet smacks into

Reader will see the horrors of the tactical level

him, they have got him.? Many civilians do not

of war, and how it has changed in about a

recognize the ultimate sacrifice that happened,

century. Readers start to become attached to

and is still happening in war every day.All Quiet

certain characters, but as readers learn this

on the Western Front, is very important to the

book has no mercy to any characters, and

idea of war. It shows

neither does war.

?Bombardment, barrage, curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks, machine-guns, hand-grenades - words, words, but to us, they hold the horrors of the world.?-Erich Maria Remarque

This book is great to read for anybody who is interested in history or war because this book explains how soldiers thought about the war, it gives great insight to the unhappiness of the soldiers, and how war has altered in such a short amount of time.

how soldiers are men,

All Quiet On The Western Front, shows a picture of a Gemran Soldier scouting territoy ahead.

33

Join Today


Looking into the Experiences of a Young Soldier By:Damien Ceasar Snurise

Over

Fallujah

is

a

suspenseful, and somewhat emotionally taxing look into the life of Robin Perry, a young man inspired by his Uncle Richie, who is a Vietnam veteran. Robin goes against his parent?s wishes by joining the U.S. Army. Made in 2008, three years after the events in the book, Walter Dean Myers tells a thrilling story. A story filled with emotion and depth. Walter Dean Myers perfectly depicts the post 9/11 feelings American soldiers and civilians

The cover of Sunrise of Fallujah showing a military base.

had towards Iraq. This story follows Robin

to map out a plan of attack and risk even

Perry. Robin is on his way to Kuwait, near

more casualties, or are they going to

Iraq. He is nervous, excited, and ready for

return to base and strategize. Robin, with

anything. Robin lands and meets Major

the civilian affairs unit, returns to the

Sessions, Jonesy, a blues loving man, and

base. This scene was a grim scene in real

corporal Marla, who calls him Birdy. He

war.

along with the Civilian Affairs Unit in the Third Infantry with the 507th marine division ride to Baghdad where they meet the Iraqi enemy. The 507th is suddenly captured. The third infantry has to decide what they are going to do. Are they going 34

Sunrise

over

Fallujah

tackles

controversial topics such as tensions between Americans and Muslims during a post

9/11 time. This book is very

captivating. It keeps you on edge thinking


what will happen next. The Characters are

life, and culture surrounding that life is

relatable and easy to feel sympathy for.

Sunrise Over Fallujah. Jonesy, Robin?s friend

Jonesy is a blues loving man who befriends

make several allusions to blues music. Robin

Robin. Marla is a witty woman who

talks about how he loved Top Gun, a movie

playfully calls Robin, ?Birdy?, and is always busting his chops. Robin is compelled to join the Army because he admires and is inspired by his Uncle who fought in

starring Tom Cruise.Sunrise over Fallujah is a gripping story that is well worth reading. This book is a great depiction of how many families felt

during

the

war

in

Vietnam. His uncle never talked about his experiences in Vietnam and Robin did not know why. Robin?s curiosity was too great. He had to find out for himself. Robin is a great protagonist created by Walter Dean Myers who is driven by many passions. His admiration

towards his

veteran uncle. His strive to fight for his

Author Walter Dean Myers

country in its time of need, etc. At first Robins not trying to be ?the hero?. His Mother sent a letter to him saying ?Don?t be the hero,? In the end Robin was the hero and so was every other soldier there in Iraq. Robin is a depiction of the patriot in all of us. He wants to have new experiences. He wants to find out why his uncle never talked about his time in the army. Eventually Robin does. A book about patriotism, the American 35

20%Of Proceeds W ill Go to the U.S. Army

Iraq.


Raisin g t h e Flag on Iw o Jim a by Henry Lewis In early 1945, near the end of World War Two, many people in America and other allied nations started to see that Germany was declining, and was going to lose the war. People expected that after Italy surrendered and Germany was coming close to it, Japan would follow, but that was not the case. Japanese Soldiers in World War Two followed Bushido Code which stated ?death before dishonor? and they would die, whether it be committing suicide or by simply fighting until they were overrun, before they surrendered. After Allied soldiers witnessing suicidal attacks, known as ?Kamikaze?attacks, seen at The Invasion of Leyte Gulf and Lingayen Gulf, many citizens started to lose hope in the war ending quickly. Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur decided to launch an assault on a small island called Iwo Jima. Although, this island was only about 9 square miles, it blocked the way for a mainland assault, and the Americans decided it could be used as an airfield. The Japanese General, General Kuribayashi, ordered the digging of huge tunnels networks, pillboxes, and caves. The Americans launched their assault on February 19, 1945, expecting to capture the island in five days, it took 36 days, and the lives of 6,800 Americans, and 21,000 Japanese. Joe Rosenthal managed to capture a photo of four Marines and a Navy Corpsman raising an American Flag over the island of Iwo Jima and less than a day later it made the front papers. After Americans saw this, many felt inspred that America was gaining ground, and that meant a closer end to the war. This photo also was a centerpiece in a war-bond poster that raised about $26 billion dollars in 1945. Rosenthal also won the Pulitzer Prize later in 1945 for this photo, for bravely being in combat and immortalizing the fighting spirit of Americans in World War Two days, and the lives of 6,800 Americans, and 21,000 Japanese. Joe Rosenthal managed to capture a photo of four Marines and a Navy Corpsman raising an American Flag over the island of Iwo Jima and less than a day later it made the front papers. After Americans saw this, many felt inspired that America was gaining ground, and that meant a closer end to the war. This photo also was a centerpiece in a war-bond poster that raised about $26 billion dollars in 1945. Rosenthal also won the Pulitzer Prize later in 1945 for this photo, for bravely being in combat and immortalizing 36

the

fighting

spirit

of

Americans

in

World

War

Two.


37


View in g Ter r or ism Th r ou gh t h e Ar t s By Kennedy Derosin

The theme of art played a very significant role in the development of the theme of war in the fact that during nine-eleven, art was used to provide a different perspective of the attack and to show that deep influence 9/11 had on all aspects of American culture and society. The national 9/11 museum in New York City shows the different paintings, sculptures, and memorials that galvanized the public about the side of the 9/11 attack that nobody really knew. There are many symbolic art structures pertaining to 9/11 such as the different art murals on the New York streets, the famous 9/11 memorial in Manhattan, the 9/11 museum and its integrity, and monuments. One famous monument includes the sphere that was recovered from the rubble of the Twin Towers after the 9/11 attacks. Overall, the role of art in the 9/11 attacks takes on a contrasting aspect of the aftermath of that wretched day when the Twin Towers at the World trade center 38

collapsed

for

the

world

to

see.


39


Th er e Is Alw ays Tom or r ow By:Esenia Elena Delgadillo

Throughout the 1940s, poetry was a powerful medium used to express the ideas and emotions of not only poets, but people who suffered as a result of the appalling and shocking events they experienced during World War Two. Violet de Cristoforo was a Japanese-American poet who was kept in a Japanese Internment camp in Jerome, Arkansas from 1942 to 1945. She was born in Hawaii on September 3, 1917, and moved to Fresno, California when she was a teen. During her imprisonment, she wrote haikus, a Japanese poem consisting of seventeen syllables in the pattern of five, seven, five. Violet de Cristoforo stated, "Throughout, haikus helped hold me together," and "It was an escape, and it let me express my feelings." After she was released from the camp, de Cristoforo published a collection of the haikus she had written while held in the internment camp. She titled the collection, May Sky: There Is Always Tomorrow : An Anthology of Japanese American Concentration. These haikus revealed the horrible truths and conditions about the Japanese Internment camps, baffling the public about the gruesome event taking place. Violet de Cristoforo astonished the public eye with her haikus, so she was honored by the National Endowment for the Arts with a National Heritage Fellowship. As this unique poet aged, she published several more collections of her poems, still amazing anyone who read them. Sadly, Violet de Cristoforo died on October 3, 2007 when she was 90 years old due to complications of a stroke. As her memory lives on, de Cristoforo continues to inspire readers with her written accounts of the emotions she felt and the hardships she suffered during her imprisonment during the Japanese Internment. 40


41


Th e M an Wh o Saved M an y By Michael Baumer

The movie Hacksaw Ridge is a true story about the war hero Desmond Doss, who helped and saved 75 lives during the bloodiest battle in World War II. Doss enlisted as a medic and refused to carry a rifle because he did not like the topic of killing and thought it was not what God wanted. When Doss was told to retreat with his team due to heavy fire from the Japanese, he refused to do so. Doss refused to retreat because he had many fellow soldiers on the battlefield who were wounded. Doss saved 75 men and lowered them down the 400 foot ridge of the Maeda Enscarpment. While Doss was rescuing his fellow soldiers, he was fired on by many Japanese soldiers who were checking the battlefield. Doss earned a medal of honor for his brave actions on the battlefield. Desmond Doss's story drew public attention because he was a war hero who saved many peoples lives and while he was it, he did not fire one shot. This story really shows that to be a hero you do not have to kill anyone or use a gun.

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43


Japan Bom bs USS Ar izon a By Jack Scott On December 7, 1941, 343 Japanese planes attacked the United States Naval Base, this attack is known as The Attack on Pearl Harbor. Many ships were caught in the fire, most notably the USS Arizona. The Arizona was the most damaged ship docked although there were four other ships sank. The ship was nearly hit three times and directly hit four times. A sixteen-inch shell even penetrated the deck and destroyed the forward turret and the conning tower. During the attack, many of the soldiers took up many different jobs, such as fighting the fires, directing disembarkation, or shooting at enemy planes. On the USS Arizona, three men received medals of honor. One of those men, Samuel G. Fuqua, the Navy Rear Admiral, received his for being calm and collected in a time of crisis. He stayed on the ship during the attack and directed soldiers where and how to evacuate. Although he put his life on the line during the attack, he still made it off the ship before it sank. Even though many soldiers evacuated the ship, the sunken ship is the final resting place of 1,177 crewmen. To honor the fallen men, a memorial was erected. The memorial is located on top of the sunken ship accessible only through shuttle boat. It is 184 feet in length and spans over the middle of the ship. It has three main sections, the entry room, the assembly room, and the shrine room. The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a terrible, unprovoked ambush, and many men died of it. So, the attack was used to rally support to the war cause and increase registration for combat.

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45


Musical Patriotism For Word War II By Damien Ceasar From the 1939 to 1945 World War II was proceeding. During this time America needed all of the patriotism and moral people could give. Quite Possible one of the largest contributions to moral was music. Musical artists all around the country were writing songs about the war. For example, George M. Cohan wrote a song called Over There which detailed a romanticized version of fighting for the U.S. Army. young men were encouraged to join the army because of the song. Dick Jurgen?s Yankee Doodle Ain?t Doodlin?Now was a song based on the famous war tune Yankee Doodle. Jurgen?s sang about how the Nazis and the Japanese should beware of America?s power. The public loved this tune because it sang about President Franklin D. Roosevelt unifying the country. Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition is yet another war song telling Americans what they can do to help the troops. We did it Before and we Can Do it Again was a song about how on December 8th, 1941 America declared war on Japan. The song say that we, America, won World War One and we can win again. Finally, Bob Wills?wrote Stars and Stripes on Iwo Jima. Written after the U.S. raised the flag in Iwo Jima this song perfectly depicts the patriotism Americans felt when they heard the news. All of the songs unified Americans under the pillars of patriotism and love for America. These songs in many ways helped win the war by giving soldiers and civilians alike hope.

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