A Century of Sports 2017 by DENISE ALTOBELLO

A Cen t ur y o f Spo r t s

In t h ea t er s o n Ju n e 16, 20 17

Ta b l e o f Co n t en t s NEWS A Century of Sports Timeline by Pierce Bewley

. .

. 6

Title IX Gives Girls Hope and Opportunity by Mallory Magee .

Sports Events Moved Due to Bathroom Bill by Ivy Kenwood .

The Strike That Changed Baseball Forever by Jack Robert

. . 12

Billy Goat Curse Ba-a-anishes Cubs from World Series by Pierce Bewley .

. . 14

President Ford Pardons Nixon by Thomas Kerrigan

. . .

. .

. 16

. . .

. .

ARTS Untied Through Soccer by Mallory Magee

Ever Fallen Off a Cliff? by Ivy Kenwood .

. .

Refugees Find Hope in Soccer by Jack Robert

. . .

. .

Nazi Regime Exposed During 1936 Olympics by Pierce Bewley. . . . . . . . . . 30 Washngton's Road to Gold by Thomas Kerrigan

Athletes Stand For Racial Equality by Mallory Magee

. . . . . . . . . .

. 34 . . 36

Jackie Robinson Memorial Park Reminds Public by Ivy Kenwood . . . . . . . . . 38 Miracle on Ice by Jack Robert

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Our National Anthem; United We Stand by Pierce Bewley . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Michael Jordan Wins 1996 National Championship for his father by Thomas Kerrigan 3

. 44

W IN N ERS N EV ER QUIT. 4

NEWS

A Ce nt ur y o f

Ju n e 16, 1966 January 31, October 6, 1947 1968 1945 Summer The ballpark Michael 1919 Olympics Billy SianisJackie Jordan wins cursed theRobinson Jackie championship Two African Cubs with played in was American for dead Robinson the named after medalist father. played hisinfamous him. raised their Billy Goat fists to first Game in Curse. show black the MLB.. people are equal.

June 23, 1972

August 9, 1974

Gerald Title IX wasFoxard was signed intoinaugurated. law by President Richard Nixon.

Spor t s Time l ine

1980

January 27, 2012 2014 2015 2013 The 2000 1991 Publication Publication of Publication American Ice Publication Publication Whitney of Outcasts Out of of The Edge Hockey team of The Boys of Nazi Houston United. Nowhere beat the in the Boat Germany . sings the Soviet Union National in the Winter Anthem at Olympics. the 25th Super bowl.

Tit le IX Gives Girls Hope and Opport unit y By Mallory Magee On June 23, 1972, President Richard

that women and men are required to have

Nixon signed Title IX of the Education

equal treatment and equal opportunities to

Amendments of 1972 into law. Title IX is a

participate in sports.

federal law that prohibits discrimination of sex in any federally funded education

Title IX applies to all federally

program or activity. The purpose of Title IX

funded education programs or activities.

is to avoid the use of federal money to

This includes colleges, universities, and

support discrimination. Title IX states ?no

elementary or secondary schools. Almost all

person in the United States shall, on the

colleges and universities have to follow

basis of sex, be excluded from participation

this law because they receive federal funds.

in, be denied the benefits of, or be

Title IX also applies to all athletic

subjected to discrimination under any

programs because these are considered educational programs and activities. These institutions are responsible for following this federal law.

Title IX is considered one of the greatest achievements of the women?s A women's college team supports Title IX.

movement and was named one of the most important pieces of education legislation in

education program or activity receiving

the history of the Republic by politician,

Federal financial assistance." This means

Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Title IX was

college scholarships for women because schools did not want to waste their money on female athletes.

Since the passage of Title IX, girls and women have become much more interested in competing in sports. In 1971, fewer than This woman's soccer team was not given any balls to play with and she is demanding equal treatment.

295,000 girls participated in high school varsity athletics. In 2001, that number leaped to 2.8 million with the help of Title IX. A

created by Patsy Mink and Edith Green. Mink,

2008 study of intercollegiate athletics

the first woman of color to be elected to

showed that women?s collegiate sports had

congress, entered politics in order to fight for

grown to 9,101 teams, or 8.65 per school.

gender equality. Edith Green also focused on

Title IX has allowed girls to compete in

women?s issues and was a democrat who

traditional male sports which include

worked hard to end gender discrimination.

wrestling, weightlifting, rugby, and boxing. All

Before the passage of Title IX, women were

and all, Title IX was a significant step in

treated as inferior to men. In every area of

reaching equality for females.

athletics, girls and women faced discrimination. Women who competed in sports were told that physical activities were unfeminine and proof of lesbianism. In addition, female athletes were usually depicted as physically unattractive. Girls teams did not receive equal treatment and usually had to raise their own money to make uniforms, buy equipment, etc. Before Title IX, there wasn?t many possibilities of 9

Sport s Event s M oved Due t o Bat hroom Bill By Ivy Kenwood

Imagine not being able to use the

In response to the North Carolina

bathroom you believe you belong in. That

Bathroom Bill, the NCAA has moved many

sad truth is the reality for trans-gender

sports playoff games and season games out

people in North Carolina because of the

of NC. Both universities moved the games

Bathroom Bill.

out because they believe that the bill is unfair. Both Duke and the University of North Carolina, the biggest, most popular universities moved their playoff games out of NC. The Atlantic Coast Conference, which includes four universities, decided they were going to move the playoffs of this year and all of next years sports events out

The usual men and womens bathroom signs.

of NC. As a result of the bill, John Swofford, of the ACC stated publicly that they may

The Bathroom Bill in North Carolina

reconsider their choices about moving next

requires citizens of NC to use the public

years events back into NC if the bill is

restroom of their biological sex. Their

repealed and altered to their satisfaction.

biological sex is the sex that is formally

Other sports officials are telling the

stated on their birth certificate. This bill

congregation of NC that their plans are to

requires public schools to comply with

withdraw the sports events until 2022. This

these rules. Because of this bill, public

bill

agencies and local boards of education

four-billion-dollars. Some coaches from the

must

largest, most popular universities, Duke and

enforce

and

facilities for each sex. 10

make

designated

now

could

cost

almost

the University of North Carolina, including Roy Williams and Mike Krzyzwski. These

can have victories too and his victory two coaches have let the public know that they

believe

the

bill

gigantic

galvanized the people about the bill. During his short and hasty stay in NC, he tried to

embarrassment to NC. Coach Roy Williams spoke to reporters and told them ?The biggest thing is, guys, it?s just not right,? talking about the bill and how it is unfair to the trans-gender community in NC. Trans-gender duathlete, Chris Mosier was invited to a duathlon in NC during the controversy about the bill. Mosier came to NC to compete in a duathlon, but he did not come just only to compete the the Duathlon. Mosier also visited NC to raise awareness for trans-genders, and being present and visible is one of the best ways to do it. His

The bathroom sign put up meaning that any person can use this restroom.

results at the end of the race placed him second, and this was not only just an

spend as little money as possible as to not

impressive running and biking victory, but

support the state. NC?s bathroom bill is a violation of trans-gender rights in many peoples? opinion. Rosier does approve of that message and throughout his short time in NC, he tried to show that the bathroom bill is not right. In conclusion, the bill was not good for the economy or popularity of NC.

LGBTQ supporters protest against North Carolina's Bathroom Bill.

he also showed NC that trans-gender people 11

The St rike That Changed Baseball Forever By Jack Robert

The MLB strike of 1994 was one

strike. These poor outcomes include,

of the most embarrassing moments in

average attendance falling 20 percent

baseball history. It ended Michael

from 31,612 to 25,260, the revenue of

Jordan?s baseball career, killed the

the 1995 MLB season dropping by

Montreal Expos, and stopped Tony

670,000 dollars, and ended Matt

Gwynn from reaching the milestone of

Williams? opportunity to break Roger

batting with a .400 average. When

Maris?single season homerun record.

asked about the 1994 MLB Strike, Dave

The strike basically began in

Stewart, the four-time 20-game winner,

1992 when the owners, after removing

said, ?Even today, after all of my years

commissioner Fay Vincent, re-opened

in baseball, the passion I have for the

the 1990 basic agreement. This deal

game has never been the same. All

was

because of that strike.? Dave Stewart

between the MLB and the MLB Players

was affected by the strike just as much

Association. Most

as the rest of America and all the

wanted to increase revenue sharing,

baseball fans.

but the only way this could happen is

the

bargaining

agreement

the

owners

The work stoppage lasted 232

if a compromise happened between

days, the longest work stoppage ever;

the anti-revenue sharing owners so

canceled the World Series for the first

that they could have a salary cap. Most

time since 1904; and cost players and

owners wanted a salary cap at first, but

management

billion

then smaller-market owners realized

dollars. One good outcome of the

the larger-market owner would be

strike has been 23 years of peace with

able

no work stoppages. Even though a

themselves. In the end it was a desire

good outcome came out of the strike,

for

more poor outcomes came out of the

competitiveness.

around

one

make

profit,

money

not

for

owners, and the players? pensions and health benefits coming out of their salary. The players were going

to end up with an anti-free market system if they didn?t strike, so that was their only choice. The strike was finally resolved

` Many fans brought signs to protest

when the players decided to add a

against the strike.

The owners asked players to

luxury tax system. This deal made it

give up some of their hard-earned

so that if a team went above a certain

freedoms because the owners couldn?t

team salary, they would have to pay a

agree on a deal. Some changes the

large amount of money. Thankfully,

owners agreed on were a salary cap

the strike was resolved or else

for the next four years, players?share

baseball may not be the way it is

today, even though it still has much

revenues

decreased

from

players? more viewer competition with licensing revenues to be split with basketball and football than it did before the_strike. percent

Comi ng Fal l 2017 13

percent,

Billy Goat Curse Brings Ba-a-ad News for Cubs By Pierce Bewley October 6, 1945, would be the day

The main known for cursing the Cubs, Bill

Chicago tavern owner Bill ?Billy Goat?Sianis

Sianis, was also a Chicago Tavern Owner.

would curse the Chicago Cubs. Sainis went

The original Billy Goat Tavern was created

to Wrigley Field to watch Game 4, the Cubs

in 1945. At the time, Sainis was just a Greek

against the Detroit Tigers, but was denied

immigrant who wanted to own a tavern.

entry to the field with his pet goat named Murphy. Sainis purchased a ticket for Murphy and brought him to the game thinking he would bring good luck to the Cubs. When the ushers stopped Sainis at the entrance Sainis asked the club owner P.K. Wrigley, ?Why can?t I take Murphy inside??Wrigley answered, ?Because the

Chicago tavern owner Billy Sianis is posing with

goat stinks.?Sainis cursed the team and

his pet goat Murphy .

declared, ?The Cubs ain?t gonna win no more.?The Cubs lost the series to the Tigers and after this heartbreaking defeat Wrigley received a telegram from Sainis saying, ?Who stinks now??The Cubs were never the

The tavern was originally called the Lincoln Tavern, but was changed to the Billy Goat Tavern when a goat fell off a truck and wandered inside.

same again after this loss. Pranksters would leave dead goats at the stadium and the

Murphy is known as the infamous Pygmy

Cubs were known as the ?Lovable Losers.?

Billy Goat who was the cause of the Billy

For the next 72 years the Cubs never made

Goat Curse. Pygmy Goats were originally

it into the World Series again.

called Cameroon Dwarf Goat because of being originated in former French

Cameroon. The goats were mainly restricted to

off an unpleasant odor, and lastly but certainly

the West Africa until in 1959. The Rhue family

not least interfere with the game by running

from California and the Catskill Game Farm in

onto the field.

New york, made the first documented shipments of Pygmy goats from Sweden. You might ask, why would anyone want a Pygmy Goat as a pet? Well, they are very friendly, social, and endearing. Another advantage of having this lovable creature is their requirements for pen space. Their feed is much less expensive than food for the larger dairy breeds. Sadly, when it comes to a baseball game all these advantages of having

Above is a picture of the Pygmy Goat.

a Pygmy Goat as a pet are diminished. While at a baseball game your goat could eat other

The Billy Goat Curse lasted for 71 years. The

peoples food, escape from his leash and start

curse was broken when the Cubs won the

rampaging throughout the food courts, give

World Series in 2016 against Cleveland.

President Ford Pardons Nixon By Thomas Kerrigan Gerald Ford was a man of many

controversy occurred, one of Michigan?s

talents. He served for the United States

rivals, Georgia Tech, refused to play the

Navy from 1942 through 1946 and was a

game because the wolverines had an

World War II Veteran. Ford played center

African-American on the team. Willis Ward,

and linebacker for the University of

who was the African-American on the team,

Michigan. With Ford?s efforts, Michigan went

was one of Gerald?s best friends at

undefeated and won the national

Michigan. Ford was not going to play the

championship in the 1932 and 1933

game if Ward did not, but Ward asked Ford

seasons. Gerald Ford was inaugurated on

to play. Ford was offered to play for the

August 9, 1974 as the President of the

Detroit Lions and the Green Bay Packers,

United States after Richard Nixon had

but Ford turned down the offers. Instead,

resigned. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. was born

Ford decided to attend Yale University and

in Omaha

go to law school. During his time at Yale,

Nebraska

Ford was part of a group that was trying to

on July 14,

keep America out of World War II, which

1913 and

ironic because he eventually ended up

died on

fighting in the war as a part of the Navy.

December

Gerald Ford was president from 1974

20, 2006 at

through 1977. During his presidency he had

the age of

to assassination attempts. One was in

ninety

Sacramento on September 5, 1975. A

three.

member of Ford?s Secret Service saved his life when a woman pointed a gun at him

President Gerald Ford

Ford was a

and fired. Lucky, Ford?s protection grabbed

very successful football player at Michigan.

the gun so it did not hit the president. The

While playing at Michigan a racial

other attempt was only seventeen days

wounded. One of Ford?s most famous decisions as president was the Pardon of Nixon. On September 8, 1974 President Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for the crimes he committed as the president in the Proclamation 4311. Critics of the proclamation thought that Ford was paying Nixon back because he resigned of Gerald Ford playiing center for the MIchigan wolverines

later when a lady took the shot, but the sights on the gun off. The bullets was inches away from Ford?s forehead. The

the presidency, which made Gerald Ford the president. Ford said that he pardoned Nixon because of the friendship they shared. President Ford was a republican

bullet bounced off a wall and hit a taxi

president, a lieutenant commander in the

driver. The driver was not killed, but only

navy, college football star, and a husband and beloved father.

IF you are a big baller, buy the Zo 2s today

Local Supporter of Recreational Soccer Teams

A RTS

Unit ed Through Soccer By Mallory Magee How do teenage boys, all from different war-torn countries, come together in their new home in an American city? Soccer. Outcasts United is the true story of a refugee soccer team, their coach, and the city in which they live and play. Reporter and author, Warren St. John, gives an inside view on the lives of the teenage refugees in Clarkston, Georgia. Living in one of the most diverse communities in the nation, the refugees face a

number

challenges

they resettle in their

new

2012,

in this

nonfiction book focuses on the Fugees

soccer

team and life as A refugee player is seen going after a ball in Warren St. John's book cover.

a refugee in the early

2000s.

With the help of

a young woman from Jordan, these refugees learn to come together despite their different 20

backgrounds, and play beautiful soccer.

Luma al-Mufleh, a Muslim volunteer coach, coaches the Fugees soccer teams and serves as a mother figure in each boy?s life.

country. Published

Warren St. John

Born and raised in Jordan, Africa, Luma traveled to America for academics and fell in love with the freedom and opportunity the states brought. Luma was a young woman who had a deep concern for the defenseless or weak. One day, while strolling through town in her distinct yellow buggie, she noticed a group of young boys playing soccer with no goals and no cleats. She thought that she needed to do something about this. She decided to create a soccer program where

the refugees from the area could play on a

their families adjust to their new lives in

team for free. The program consisted of three

America. She brought the boys to and from

teams all named the Fugees; a 13 year old

places, provided meals for families, and

team, a 15 year old team, and a 17 year old

sometimes watched the kids when they were

team. As a coach, Luma pushed the boys and

home

alone.

made sure they were committed to the team. If a player didn?t follow her rules or didn?t

In Clarkston during the early 2000s,

show up to the mandatory tutoring lessons,

soccer meant something different than in

they were cut off the team. Luma required

most places. More than half of the residents

each boy to make a pledge about having good

were from different parts of the world. For

behavior ending with ?I want to be part of the

these refugees, soccer was everything. Soccer

Fugees!? The boys showed Luma respect and

kept the boys busy and they loved it.

worked hard every game and practice. However, Luma was more than just a coach. She was an important part in the boys?lives on and off the field. Many of the refugees

"I want t o be par t of t he Fugees! "- t eam member s

became dependent on her. Luma spent most

However, long term residents of Clarkston saw

of her time caring for the boys and helping

soccer a different way. To them, soccer was a sign of unwanted change. Many of the residents were unwelcoming to the refugees. Most thought that the refugees were illegal immigrants and that they brought fear and terror

to the community. Although the

refugees faced many challenges regarding the residents, they were eventually able to overcome them. At first, the boys stayed with players of their own race and religion and Coach Luma with her refugee soccer team in Clarkston, GA. 21

were not open to making friends with others

from different countries. However, throughout the

book, the

refugees

build

amazing

friendships and are able to connect with different people from all over the world because

soccer.

This true story sheds light on what life was like for many refugees in America during the 2000s. The book shows the obstacles the

Members of the Fugees gather together with Coach Luma for team bonding.

boys were confronted with, and how they were able to join together and conquer them as a team. This book is important because it shows how people from all over the world can come together and do whatever they set their hearts and minds to. This book would appeal to anyone who is interested in sports and immigration in America during the early 21st century. In conclusion, this inspiring book about a refugee soccer team is a captivating story that readers of all ages will enjoy.

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Ever Fallen Off a Cliff? By Ivy Kenwood In this ?go high or fall to your death?

No one can be bored, with this action

novel, The Edge shows that anyone who is

packed novel. This novel is perfect for for anyone

willing can help the world in a positive way.

who thinks reading is boring or uninteresting,

Peak Marcello, the 15-year-old narrator

this

proves this to be true. Through this fictional

perfect for them

novel published in 2015, the author, Roland

because

Smith,

that you don?t

book will be at

have

the edge of their

seats throughout

master to save

the book. In The

lives and be a

Edge,

hero.

sentence is full of

Throughout the

specific,

plot

interesting

to by

this

The cover depicting a climber repelling down.

information about

the reader will

climbing, first love, and a murder mystery. This

jump

gripping story line houses ideas packed with

out

their seats with

thriller.

?I ?d sl ept th rough

every

intriguing novel,

love, a murder mystery, to a mountaineering

- Peak M arcel l o

readers

of this captivating

thoughts of first

an abducti on?

shows

trained

Roland Smith, author of the novel.

book

serious stakes to meet for the characters.

After his failed Everest climb, giving the

glory to his best friend Sun-Jo on a debt to his family to Sun-Jo?s, Peak is requested by an insanely brilliant and confusing billionaire

to participate in a Peace Climb in the

for many centuries, but it takes a turn to

war-torn Afghanistan Peak comes to the

the worse and creates the opposite of

untouched by war, Pamirs mountains of

peace, war.

Afghanistan unsure of who will be climbing, who is in charge, and if the climb will be a All readers will thoroughly enjoy this novel

by laughing and enjoying the

meticulous plot. Through funny jokes, the reader will be somewhat relieved from the dramatic tension of the plot. In this read, the reader will be laughing out loud at the hilarious humor by the many small jokes The main character, Peak climbing above a gorge.

that are developing the plot as well. This book while making jokes about the slightly

normal climb or more different than usual.

violent plot, still is connecting to what is

As it turns out, he does know the leader of this climb, Zopa, a cagey Buddhist monk who is usually and almost

always sensing

unbalance in all atmospheres. Peak had climbed Everest with Zopa before and had learned that he did not have much of a personality, but he was very mysterious indeed. During the beginning of the climb, One

his

fellow

climbers

Peak climbing over a dangerous drop.

attracts

dangerous, merciless criminals to their

happening.

campsite. Having to find his friends wherever

interesting and develops the characters.

they may be, develops Peak?s character

The plot is an extremely well developed

greatly and makes him find his inner self.

plot, from the first paragraph the plot is

This climb was supposed to be about peace

being developed, discretely, but also in the

in Afghanistan which has not been possible 25

The

plot

extremely

The Edge, while being on the topic of climbing is also on the complex topic of sports. The topic of sports

helps

contribute

the

individual and team effort of this novel, and in the end working together aids Peak, taking on another difficult climb.

pen for the reader to read and understand. The plot being developed this way allows the reader to foreshadow and slowly being able to understand this complex plot.

the

idea

surviving

the

adventure of this novel.

Proudly supporting ThePeak, yet Refugee Olympic Team.climbing another dangerous and interesting climb.

For every jacket you buy, a jacket will go to a child in Africa.

A soccer ball for you, a soccer ball for a child in need.

Proud Supporter of the Refugee Olympic Team

Refugees Find Hope in Soccer By Jack Robert ?Have you ever noticed s*** happens?

Bouchard; captain of the Chamberlain High

All the time. To people who are just

School Varsity soccer team: boyfriend to

walking

own

one of the prettiest, most popular girls in

business. They get cancer. Or lose their jobs.

the grade; and third smartest in his class,

Or they?re just in the fields, taking care of a

but life quickly changes in his small post

cow or something, when out of the bush

9/11 town of Enniston,_Maine.

around,

minding

their

comes a dude with a gun who burns their

Tom life gets quickly turned around

house and chases them to a refugee camp.?

when he and his best friend Donnie decide

-Tom Bouchard

to pull a prank on their rival high school, Maquoit. He has to complete 100 hours of community service. These long hours of community service lead to him meeting Myla, his future girlfriend. She is a student at Mumford and volunteers at the K-Center in her free time. The K-Center is where Somali immigrants go to get help with

These Somali boys are playing soccer at the refugee camp of Dadaab , which is where Saeed learns to play.

Out

Nowhere,

Maria

Padian,

shows the reader that it is what is on the inside that counts and that everyone is different. This book mainly focuses on immigration, sports, and the acceptance of other point of view. Published in 2013, this juvenile fiction novel keeps the reader engaged every second they are reading. Out of Nowhere follows the senior year of Tom 28

"Somali girls is different." -Saeed Bashir homework and get food. Tom meets a little boy named Abdi while he is there and Tom, Abdi, and another Somali girl named Samira make a Somali-English ?dictionary?. The project showed Tom that Americans

and

Somails

are

Saeed?s sister Samira works hard at home,

similar, as well as

are not allowed to touch other men that

different. Myla also

they are not related to, and are very

shows Tom that all

religious. He is not saying American girls do

the Somalis are not

not work hard or are religious but he is

terrorists, and most of

saying that if women do not comply to all

them are nice once

of these rules, they brings shame to their

know

family. Saeed teaches Tom to have an open

Out of Nowhere has won them. Myla and Tom many awards including, volunteer extra the 2014 Lupine Award.

mind, always help others in need, and that

gets

K-Center together, organize

rallies against

hours the

everyone is different, and respecting_those differences_is_what_counts. Out of Nowhere will

?skinheads,? which is an anti-Somali group,

show

and Myla helps Tom finish his college

that

applications.

connections

During Tom?s senior year, four Somali

the

reader personal

happen

can through

refugees join Tom?s varsity soccer team. The

sports and one way

superstar, named Saeed, tells Tom how he

ran from his home to the refugee camp

really

get

know someone is to

Dadaab, and then immigrated to Enniston,

Maria Padian is the be on a team with them. award winning author of Out of Sports bring out the best Nowhere.

Maine. He teaches Tom about the Islamic

and the worst of people.

culture and he tells Tom that ?Somali girls

This book would be great to read for

is different?. At

first, Tom does not

anyone who plays sports or is a history buff.

understand what Saeed means, but then he

Readers will enjoy Out of Nowhere because

realizes that he means Somali girls are

it shows that everyone can be a good

different than American girls. For example,

person if they get a chance.

Dadaab, to his uncle in Nairobi, back to

Nazi Regime Exposed During 1936 Olympics By: Pierce Bewley Imagine you have trained your whole life to represent the country that you love in

Berlin_Olympics._Centered_around_the_ greatest_sports_event_of_all_time,_this_novel_ captures_the_paingof_exclusion_of_Jewish_ and_black_athletes. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany. Germans were fearful of communism and Jews and looked for an alternative in the Nazi Party. In 1933, an ?Aryans Only? policy was instituted in all German athletic associations, meaning that no non-aryan could participate in any German athletic organizations. World-class high jumper Gretel Bergmann was expelled from her track club in the summer of 1933.

Susan D. Bachrach

Jewish tennis star Doctor Daniel Prenn, who the Olympics and you have been informed

was ranked number six in the world, was

that you are unable to compete because of

banned from all of Germany?s international

the color of your skin or religion. The Nazi

matches. People began to boycott the

Olympics Berlin 1936 displays the unfair

participation of the United States in the

treatment against black and Jewish athletes

Berlin Olympics as well. The president of the

during the Berlin Olympics. Published in

American Olympic Committee (AOC), Avery

2000, this non-fiction novel written by Susan

Brundage, at first questioned whether the

Bachrach

1936 Olympic games should be held in

anti-semitism 30

perfectly

displays

throughout

the

the 1936

Berlin, Germany. He felt as if the Jewish athletes were not being treated fairly and threatened to deny the invitation to Berlin unless Germany could prove there was no discrimination against Jewish athletes. Brundage traveled to Germany to see for himself if the Jewish athletes were being treated fairly. Karl Vitter Halt, a

several

time

German

decathlon

champion, was very careful to make sure that jewish athletes were training in Olympic facilities during Brundage?s visit. After a brief tour carefully led by Halt, Brundage?s suspicions were diminished. The president

2000, Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936, Susan D. Bachrach

of the Amateur

Athletic Union Jeremiah Mahoney had

?I believe t hat for Amer ica t o

completely different views from Avery Brundage.

Mahoney

supported

the

boycotts of the 1936 games because he stated, ?I believe that for America to participate in the Olympics in Germany means

giving

American

moral

and

financial support to the Nazi Regime, which is opposed to all that Americans hold dearest.? The African American communities decided to boycott the Nazi regime also, but in a different way than Mahoney. Seventeen African American

par t icipat e in t he Olympics in Ger many

means

giving

Amer ican mor al and f inancial suppor t t o t he Nazi Regime, which is opposed t o all t hat Amer icans hold dear est .? Jer emiah Mahoney

athletes participated in the Games. They hoped to demolish the idea of the perfect ?Aryan? race. Jesse Owens was a very famous African American athlete who participated in the Olympics. Owens was a track and field athlete whom Hitler refused to shake hands with because he was a non-aryan. Owens won American Jewish Athletes also boycotted the games

Jesse Owens is seen winning a gold medal for the Olympic broad jump on Aug. 11 1936 in the Berlin Olympics.

by not participating in them. Athletes boycotted in the Berlin OLympic in very different ways, but for the same purpose.

Nazi

Olympics Berlin 1936 is an

outstanding and inspirational novel that will show the struggles of segregation during the

prejudice

1936 Olympics. Readers are reminded when

towards the Jewish and black athletes they

reading this novel how important it is to take

still felt it was the greatest honor to

a stand

represent their country in the Olympics. The

individuals based upon their race or religion.

Despite the racism

and

against

discrimination

For every Samsung device purchased money will go towards supporting the U.S.A. Olympic Team.

any

Su ppor t t h e Un it ed St at es Olym pic Team by bu yin g Team M er ch an dise 33

Washingt on's Road t o Gold By Thomas Kerrigan ?Here?s where we take California,? The book is set Washington Rowing Team in the Husky

during one of the

Clipper pass California to go to the 1936

hardest times in

Nazi Olympics. In 2013, Daniel James Brown

American history,

published the nonfiction book, The Boys in

the

the Boat. The sports book teaches the reader

Depression

how to be independent and not to give even

also right after

though all the odds against you as Joe and

that World War II.

the Washington crew throughout the course

Even

of the book. The book is also considered to

when Team USA

be a biography of Joe Rantz. Gregory Mone

travels to Berlin

adapted The Boys in the Boat for young

they

readers.

notice any sign of anti semitism, Hitler has

Great and

though

not

The Boys in the Boat book cover

already begun putting up concentration camps throughout Nazi Germany. The Boys in the Boat has an emotional punch because of the Joe?s hard life time experiences. The book takes place threw out the United States, but is mainly placed in Washington. The book is in chronological order from 1933 to 1936, but it also contains many flashbacks into Joe Rantz horrible past. While at Washington, Joes tries out for the rowing team. The conditions are harsh and cold. Joe is very Daniel James Brown

poor, and he wears the same sweater everyday and rows in it too. None of boys on

the team has the right gear to row in the

to the gold medal in Berlin with begin. Also

below freezing temperatures. The book

at Washington, Joe meets the love of his life,

contains images from the early 1900s of Joe,

Joyce Simdars. She struggles with her parents

his family, significant

just as Joe does and never wants to stay in

people, and

the

Washington rowing team. The book is partly

the

house,

but

free

outside.

about how the team endures through the

The Boys in the Boat captures the elements

weather and works as a team to win gold in

endurance and team work through the sport

Berlin

of rowing. The hard, cruel conditions help the boys learn to work together. People who love

Joe Rantz, the significant person in The Boys

an underdog story would enjoy The Boys in

in the Boat, has struggled his entire life with

the Boat. The book could be read by children

family and not feeling whole or at home.

with a good reading level. The book does not

Before he could even remember his mother,

contain any innoproperate content. It uses

she died. His father, Harry Rantz, remarries

the hardships of Joe?s life to help endure

Thula Rantz. Thula Rantz absolutely hates Joe

through the harsh enviroment of Lake

and even convinces Harry to leave him on his

Washington

own at the age of 15 with nothing by a beat

inspirational to lovers of sports and a good

up house. After being left, Joe makes enough

non-fiction story.

?H er e?s w her e w e t ak e Calif or nia" Bobby M och, coxsw ain f or H usk y Clip p er money to attend Washington University. He may not know it yet, but that is wear is road

and

Berlin. The

novel

At hlet es St and for Racial Equalit y By Mallory Magee

Over the century, players have been using their fame and power to address political issues in America. These athletes have acted as activists and tried to draw attention to their beliefs and opinions through sports. Many players have taken a stand towards racial equality. The earliest photos represent athletes who broke racial barriers by either becoming the first African American baseball player or, in the case of Jesse Owens, winning gold in the 1936 Berlin Olympics and thus, destroying Hitler?s belief that the Aryan race was superior. These sport figures changed a nation's perspective by their successes on the field and this helped to galvanize people in America. In more recent times, the photos depict athletes who have more power or ability to address and persuade public point of view. These players expressed their opinions by protesting on the fields and peacefully fighting for equal rights and treatment. During the Summer Olympics of 1968, two African American medal winners raised their hands in order to show the world how blacks were really treated in America. This act of rebellion drew attention in America regarding the issue of racial inequality. In the images taken over the past few years, famous sports players Colin Kaepernick and Lebron James are shown protesting. Both players felt the need to express their point of view regarding black oppression in America. Because of their protesting by kneeling during the national anthem or wearing a shirt supporting a black child killed by white police, both players were able to catch the public?s attention and raise more awareness about the issue of racial inequality. In conclusion, these athletes have played a major role in galvanizing the public through sports. 36

Jackie Robinson M emorial Park Reminds Public By Ivy Kenwood Jackie Robinson was the very first African American to play for the major league after segregation among blacks and whites had occurred. He was recruited to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, his first game was in a ballpark in Dayton, Florida. The ballpark he played in is now the Jackie Robinson Ballpark. This ballpark being renamed in 1889 and reignited the public?s interest in Jackie Robinson and how he made a huge impact on baseball in the Major League and segregation integration in the country.

The M iracle on Ice By Jack Robert During the 1980 Olympics, two majors countries were in a Cold War. For the last 35 years the Soviet Union and the United States had been in the midst of a war. The hatred was intense and the USA and USSR hockey teams were playing in the finals. The Soviet hockey team was the best team in the world and they were the favorite by a large margin. The USA team was young, while the Soviet team was older and experienced. The movie Miracle is about the painful journey the young American team took to the finals of the 1980 Winter Olympics. The American team beat the Soviets 4-3 to knock off the defending World Champions to go to the championship and beat Sweden 4-2. This was galvanizing to the public because ice hockey was the Soviets main sport and they were supposed to be "the best team on ice". Most people refer to this event as "the Miracle on Ice" when, in reality it was the heart and the hard work of the young Americans that won the game.

Our Nat ional Ant hem; W e St and Unit ed By Pierce Bewley The National Anthem galvanizes soldiers on the battlefield and athletes on the playing field. When the anthem is played during sports events fans and athletes come together to honor the sacrifices of those who fought for our country. Athletic events in the United State and our National Anthem have an unbreakable bond and it is hard to imagine one without the other. During the 25th Super bowl Whitney Houston sang the National Anthem. Houston?s memorable rendition of the National Anthem was a top 20 hit during the Persian Gulf War and after 9/11 when Americans were faced with uncertainty. The National Anthem symbolizes our competitive spirit and love of Sports.

M ichael Jordan W ins 1996 NBA Championship for His Fat her By Thomas Kerrigan

On July 16th, 1996 , the Chicago Bulls battled the Seattle Supersonics for the 1996 NBA Championship. This was the first championship Michael Jordan had played since his father died in 1993. The game was played on Father's Day and Jordan wanted to win the game for his father. After the bulls won the championship, Jordan was very emotional. He cried over the loss of his father. He layed on the floor in the locker and cried with the trophy in his arms.

Bobby Kn igh t vot es f or Don ald Tr u m p, you sh ou ld t oo! 46

At h let ic Wear f or Ch am pion s 47