A Century of Immigration and Migration

Lady Liberty in Photos Ellis Island Open for Business

The Books of The Century Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance ✦Harlem Stomp ✦First Crossing ✦Funny in Farsi ✦A Boy from Ireland ✦Illegal ✦

News of The Century:

Wall Street on Immigration The Supreme Court on Immigrants Ellis Island: Opening the Gates Arizona In the News Immigration’s Politicians Annie Moore Obituary

Photos of The Century:

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Part 1: News

Immigration’s Major Players Immigrants In The 6 Spotlight Baseball Immigrants 5 Changed The Game Rulers and Leaders 7 of Immigration 37 The Struggle For Reform Albert Einstein Obituary

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Photos of The Century:

Part 1: Arts Immigration In Film Immigrants in Music Ellis Island: The photos of the century The Poets of Immigration The Statue In Photos

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Books of The Century:

Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance Harlem Stomp First Crossing Funny in Farsi A Boy from Ireland Illegal

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Editor’s Note Immigration is not just a debate of “us” and “them.” Immigration is central to our nation’s spirit, because, unless you are a Native American, you, or your ancestors, were once not American. We are a nation of immigrants, and cutting off that tie is making us less american, not more. America is multicolored, multicultural, and above all else, different. !

-James Hovet

Wall Street Handling Immigration

By Evan Hendricks As the legislative debate on immigration reforms escalate, the discussion on whether or not to create a route for most or all illegal immigrants inhabited in the United States should obtain legal status. This is called the legalization program. Legalization is a form of economic stimulus and it is an act of humanitarianism. In the year of 1986, the “Immigration Reform and Control Act”, which is often abbreviated as IRCA, stated that workers that had legal status were paid more than illegal immigrant workers. This produced more tax money for local, state and federal government. A legalization program for illegal immigrants would grow the economy and expand the national labor market and help everyone. the current immigration law states that citizens of the United States and lawful permanent residents, also referred to as “green card” holders, are allowed to bring certain members of their family into the United States. Family-based immigration is predicted to provide a well amount of economic growth.

One reason that many engineers and scientists in the United States are immigrants is that the economy of the United States takes more high-tech professionals than are produced by the United States education system.

The information in a recent report called “Economic Progress via Legalization”, states that illegal immigrants who earned legal status in the decade of the 1980s from the procurements of the “Immigration Reform and Control Act” seasoned undoubtable progress in their socioeconomic situation. Immigrant

workers have been divided into two different categories. One of the two categories is higher skilled workers. Higher skilled immigrant workers are appreciated by many people in the United States because of their great supplement to the growth of the economy. The second category is the lower skilled workers.

The lower skilled workers. the lower skilled immigrant workers are thought of to some people in the United States as causing a surplus in the United States labor market. with lower skilled immigrant workers causing a surplus in the United States labor market, the middle and low income native-born workers are being displaced. A large part of these categories is structured around education. In conclusion immigration reforms will be very beneficial to the growth of the economy and in the expansion of the labor market.

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The Supreme Court Takes On Immigration

By Storey Charbonnet In 2010, Arizona created a law attempting to cut down on the number of illegal immigrants in the state. The Supreme Court ruled against this law.

In regards to the ruling, Justice Anthony Kennedy stated, “The National Government has significant power to regulate immigration.

Arizona may have understandable frustrations with the problems caused by illegal immigration while that process continues, but the State may not pursue policies that undermine federal law.”

The Supreme Court stated that Arizona could keep parts of the law, thus allowing law enforcement to check a person’s immigration status while enforcing other laws.

This debate over the law happened during the Obama/Romney Campaign, so it was part of the campaign’s debates. President Obama replies to the Immigration law by saying “No American should ever live under a cloud of suspicion just because of what they look like.” The Governor of Arizona, Brewer, said that President Obama’s decision was “outrageous.” Romney blames Obama for not standing up and doing something. He quotes, “The president promised in his campaign that in his f i r s t y e a r, h e w o u l d t a k e o n immigration and solve our immigration challenges, to put in place a long-term

program to care for those who want to come here legally, to deal with illegal immigration, and to deal with securing our borders,” Romney also states that, “All these things he was going to do in his first year. He had a Democrat House and a Democrat Senate, but he didn’t do it.

Isn’t it time for the American people to ask why?”

The Supreme Court ruled five to three, saying that the Federal Government can set the immigration laws and give less authority to the states.

Another Supreme Court case involving immigration was Phyler v. Doe in 1982.

The Supreme Court voted five to four in a case involving public education of children of illegal immigrants. The Court stated that the state of Texas cannot deny funding to illegal immigrant children in a public K-12 school.

The Supreme Court stated that denying funds would be a violation of the 14th amendment. The Court stated that even though the children were not citizens, they are people “in any ordinary sense of the term” and should be protected by the 14 th Amendment.

Most of the Americans in Texas hated that when they pay for their kids to go to school, much of their money is payed for the illegal immigrants from Mexico to go to that school also.

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Arizona Struggles to Cope

By Maici Williams The State of Arizona proposed one of the strictest immigration laws in the nation that sparked much controversy all across the nation. It received national attention because it would mandate that anyone who looked foreign born would be required to verify U.S. citizenship or risk deportation. The law would require Arizona officers the ability to arrest anyone who could not prove their citizenship. The law was found to be unconstitutional and thrown out by the Supreme Court. Immigration continues to be a complex issue that has positive and negative consequences. The United States requires a process for citizenship. The U.S. will grant citizenship only under the following circumstances: individuals must be 18 years or older, be a permanent resident for a period of time, be a person of good or moral character, have basic knowledge of the U.S. government, be able to read, write, and speak English unless there are handicaps or disabilities present. As one can expect, this process can take a very long time to complete. Instead, immigrants arrive to the U.S. without citizenship and risk deportation. Deportation is a legal process in which individuals would be ordered to leave the U.S. The U.S. Congress continues to debate about issues of immigration.

Immigration is a tough issue because it can have both positive and negative effects. The positive effects of immigration would be granting people who are foreign-born the ability to contribute to society by paying taxes, starting U.S. businesses, and assisting

with infrastructure building. Immigrants are known for their ability to work hard through construction. This construction allows for the building of schools, hospitals, and businesses that would assist in building the U.S. economy. Conversely, some view immigration as a threat to public safety.

Some feel that safety could be violated with large amounts of foreign born people who could cause risk for public safety. Others believe that immigrants would compete with Americans for jobs causing Americans to struggle economically. Researchers predict that there would not be as much to lose as Americans might think if immigration laws would change.

New Orleans experienced a huge growth in immigrants after Hurricane Katrina. Immigrants are largely responsible for the rebuilding efforts in the city. They performed construction tasks that would include building, repairing, painting, and designing. This massive construction effort assisted in bringing the city back together.

This was a very positive effect of migration of foreigners to the city. The negative effect of having foreigners who are not allowed into the U.S. legally is they aren’t paying taxes as all other U.S. citizens. Taxes assist in providing basic needs such as roads, bridges, utilities, and hospitals.

Immigration will continue to be a controversial subject for many years to come for the U.S.

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Ellis Island: Open for Buisness

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By Patrick Silvia Ellis Island’s new main building was opened on December 17, 1900. Ellis Island becomes a major port of entry to the United States. In one day, 2,251 immigrants were brought into Ellis Island.

Ellis Island is a small island in New

Ellis Island was opened in 1892

York Harbor, it is located in the upper bay just off the New Jersey coast, it is within the shadow of the Statue of Liberty. The main building was paid for by the state of New York, it cost 1.5 million dollars to build this huge building. The outside is a French Renaissance structure in red brick with limestone trim. On the Inside of the main building there is a big main room where everybody would meeting. The walls were aligned with stone, wood, and marble.

When people would arrive to America in the ships, the first and second classes of people would get off the boat and go straight to New York, but for the third class people, Ellis Island would send boats to the dock to bring the passengers to get checked

if they had any illnesses or if they had legal problems. Immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany, Italians, Greece, Scandinavian counties were the first immigrants to go through Ellis Island to get to America to get away from their countries. The Irish came to the United States for two reason, one reason is the potato famine left Irish starving to death in the streets while the government grew food for the English. The other reason was English genocide and tyranny against the Irish. The Germans came to the United States mostly looking for opportunity. The English also came to America to seek better opportunities. The other Scandinavian countries also came to America to find a better life. The Italians came to America to escape poverty and to seek a better life.

Greeks came to America in that time period as well to escape poverty, and to seek opportunity and freedom. The new main building came equipped with hospital buildings, dormitories, contagious disease wards, and kitchens. The hospital buildings operated from 1902-1930. The hospital on Ellis Island was the largest in the country at one point. The hospitals saw approximately two thousand patients a day. The dormitories on Ellis Island were built in 1909 to provide desperately needed space for detained immigrants. The contagious disease wards were for the patients that had deadly and contagious diseases would stay.

Every year the main building brought in 2 million each year.

Immigration Laws Challenged

by New Political Players

By James Hovet The current immigration policy, established in 1996 and changed only moderately since then, has been accused as outdated as well as ineffective, and according to president Obama “It’s time to fix the

system that has been broken for far too long.” Immigration and racial issues contributed to Mitt Romney’s loss in the 2012 election, as Romney scored 40 points below Obama in latino voters.

Romney, however did not change his views on immigration since, making sure to state that “People who have come here illegally should not be given a special pathway to permanent residency or citizenship in this country merely because they’ve come here illegally.”

President Obama, in a recent speech in Las Vegas, expressed the importance to pass what he called “comprehensive immigration reform,” and described the overwhelming bipartisan urge for just

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8 that. Obama calls for congress and America to have the courage to face the immigration issue head-on instead of merely inventing new small patches that only delay the real problem. He laid out a plan that makes it possible for near any person to become a citizen, but not without effort. Immigrants must fill criteria including but not limited to, learning english and getting an education.

Obama’s plan consists of three parts, each specifically tailored to improve the system. Firstly, America must strengthen borders to stop people from entering unbeknownst to the government. This, he believes, will help bring down the numbers of people here

illegally, whilst the other parts of his plan begin to bring illegal immigrants to legal status. Secondly, the nation must work to bring out of the shadows those people who are citizens in every single way but on paper. This will help businesses hire legal workers with legal

and fair pay. Finally, Obama wants to help streamline the legal immigration system as not to discourage future innovators and skilled workers from finding residency and resources here in America. He especially wants to welcome people on educational visas to work in America instead of bringing that business to other countries.

Romney, on the other hand, took a fairly conservative standpoint echoing his party for most of his campaign, focusing on strengthening border security and deporting illegal immigrants already in the country.

Romney, however was consistently polling low in the latino population, possibly due to those views. This fact led him to announce that if elected, he would push through comprehensive immigration reform to congress. This, however was viewed as a last ditch effort on his part to win over latino voters. In ensuing interviews, he repeatedly expressed his plan to push immigration to congress but consistently declined to give any further details on the issue, further validating the claims by the Obama administration that his plan is merely a ploy.

Immigration As Shown Through the Art of Photography.

By Patrick Silvia

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Photography By Lewis Hine Left Page This Italian Family Searching For Their Luggage after arriving at Ellis Island.

Top Right Page These people are Filing off the boat to be the first in-line to be checked.

Bottom Left These Chinese Immigrant Students are receiving their chance to come to America Middle Left These Italians At Ellis Island are waiting in line to be checked.

Bottom Right This Italian Family On Ferry Boat waits to leave Ellis Island.

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Ellis Island, and its immigrants, have been shown through the art of photography. Through these pictures we can see how different the people were who came to America searching for a better way of life. Men and woman of all races, religions and levels of wealth went through the same experiences when they came off the boat and into the building of Ellis Island. The photographs shows the large number of people who waited in long lines, and sometimes slept in cots before being allowed into the United States. It did not matter if you were rich or poor, black or white, young or old, individual or part of a family. Everyone waited their turn and came here with there only belongings. At Ellis Island everyman were equal.

Musicians that Immigrated to The United States

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Evan Hendricks

John Lennon was a singer and a songwriter who was born in Merseyside, England on October 9, 1940 during an air attack by the Germans. When John Lennon was young, his Mother, Julia taught him how to play the banjo and piano. She also bought him his first guitar. In 1957, John Lennon formed a band with three other people and called it the “Beatles”. The Beatles later became the most successful band in musical history. Many people from other countries came to the United States to see the Beatles perform.

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Bob Marley was a very talented musician, singer and also a songwriter from Jamaica, who was born on February 6, 1945. Bob Marley assisted in introducing the world to a music style called reggae. One of Bob’s childhood friends named Neville Livingston, motivated Bob to play the guitar.

Bob Marley and a few friends formed a band and called it the “Wailing Wailers”. Bob Marley helped the Jamaican population in the United States to increase because many Jamaicans moved to the United States to see the Performances of Bob Marley.

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Movies that’ll get you pumped about Immigration

By Maici Williams

Movies about immigration convinced people to look at the pros and the positives about immigrants moving to America. The movies also showed the long process over which it takes to become an American citizen. Many different groups of immigrants came to America, and each one of those groups added their bit of culture to America by influence. These groups include the Polish, Germans, Mexicans, Hispanics, Cubans, and the Irish. Some of the major immigration movies include, The Godfather, My Name Is Khan, and The Kite Runner.

Above: Ahmad Khan Mahmoodzada and Zekiria Ebrahimi in the converse in a childhood scene when Mahmoodzada looks back on his childhood.

Mahmoodzada and father reconcile after being traumatized by the Afghanistan war.

The Kite Runner, directed by Marc Forster, is a film about a father and son whom flee their country and migrate to America to find better opportunity and leave their war-infested country. A film, such as The Kite Runner, exemplified the horrors of other countries and the need to be in America to have a better life.

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AD

Now Is The Time The system is broken

James Hovet

15 Famous Immigrants Who Made Advances In America

By Maici Williams There are many influential people whom of which made many scientific and medical advances in America. For example, Physicist Albert Einstein.

Einstein was originally from Ulm, Germany, where he, at the early age of 16, left Germany because of his dissatisfication with the restrictive schools. While at an Institution in Switzerland, where Einstein earned a degree, he published five papers, which included his “General theory of relativity”, which he is famous for creating. Dr. Dvid Ho was also famous for making technological advances in America. Dr. Ho migrated to America from Taiwan at the early age of 12. Dr. Ho was made fun of because he could not speak the English language, but soon he brought his grades up and focused on his studies.

Later, Dr. Ho became famous for being an AIDs researcher, searching for a cure. There were many

other advances; for instance, Political advances.

W.E.B. duBois, a civil rights advocate, historian, author, and editor whom grew up in a fairly integrated area. When duBois moved to the South, he witnessed the terrible manners in which blacks were treated. Horrified, duBois returned to the N o r t h , m i g r a t i n g t o N e w Yo r k , commencing ‘The Great Migration’. Supreme Court justice, Felix Frankfurter, originally born in Vienna Austria and migrated to America at the age of 12. Frankfurter was appointed an assistant United States attorney in 1906. Eventually in 1935, Frankfurter was elected by President Roosevelt as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Congresswoman Madeline Albright was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, and migrated to America and became the first congresswoman to be Secretary of State. Albright was famous for contributing to American politics and served as a Permanent Representative at the United Nations and her work concerning international affair and the enrichment of women‘s professional opportunities.

Einstein was famous for his famous his “Theory of relativity”.

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Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter was responsible for enacting Securities Act (1933), the Securities Exchange Act (1934) and the Public Utility Holding Company

Activist W.E.B. duBois was interested in the advancement of African Americans and the advancement of African Americans.

Former Secretary of State Madeline Albright was influential in international and the enrichment of women’s opportunities.

AIDs researcher Dr. David Ho is searching for a cure for the illness.

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The Fight Continues

By James Hovet In the modern battle for immigration reform, there are many major players that are working to reconstruct the flawed system in place today. President Obama (displayed above) is a frontrunner in the battle for lenient immigration laws, laying out his three part plan for “comprehensive immigration reform” in a speech in Las Vegas. In his speech, he mentioned Kevin Systrom (pictured right with Mike Krieger, his buisness partner,) the co-founder of Instagram. He was used as an example of an American educated innovator who stayed in America and succeeded in creating a product that created jobs, both directly and indirectly.

Instagram is an internet start-up that embodies the old mantra “a picture is worth a thousand words” by creating a social network built around pictures. There are, in fact, people who make their living on Instagram related services and goods. Also on the lenient side of the immigration argument is Luis Gutierrez (pictured left,) a latino Illinois representative that adamantly argues for lenient immigration policy

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The Fight Continues

and against deportation. He often makes the point that picking out the immigrant is harder By James than first perceived,Hovet going so far as to use the example of Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez In the modern battle for immigration reform, (Bieber immigrant.)

On the there arebeing manythemajor players that are opposite of the the issue is system Obama’s working toside reconstruct flawed in competitor in President the 2012Obama election, Mitt place today. The (displayed Romney above.) Romney mirrored above) is(pictured a frontrunner in the battle for his party’s views on laws, immigration, supporting lenient immigration laying out his three harsh immigration favoring immigration un-warned part plan for “comprehensive deportation withinother reform” in along a speech Las harsh Vegas.actions.

In his speech, he mentioned Kevin Systrom (pictured right with Mike Krieger, his buisness partner,) the co-founder of Instagram. He was used as an example of an American educated innovator who stayed in America and succeeded in creating a product

Also in the republican party, Marco Rubio (displayed beleow,) is emerging as a significant figure. As an immigrant himself, he and his party believe that he may have stronger ideas on immigration. He, however has been accused as being a pawn in order to win over latino and african american voters or, how Conan O’ Brian put it, the republican’s “black guy.” All these politicians are sure to be making more news soon and deserve to be watched closely.

that created jobs, both directly and indirectly.

Instagram is an internet start-up that embodies the old mantra “a picture is worth a thousand words” by creating a social network built around pictures. There are, in fact, people who make their living on Instagram related services and goods. Also on the lenient side of the immigration argument is Luis Gutierrez (pictured left,) a latino Illinois representative that adamantly argues for lenient immigration

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Albert Einstein’s E=mc2

Albert Einstein, The Loss of a Genius By: Storey Charbonnet Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany.

As a child, he didn’t speak until the age of three because of speech problems. He did not do well in school as a kid. As a teenager, he started teaching himself mathematics and physics. He created the theory of relativity while teaching at the University of Berlin.

During World War Two, he became worried about international peace when the Nazi’s were rising to power. He left Germany and the Nazi’s in 1932 and moved to Princeton University to become a professor. He then wrote a letter to Franklin Roosevelt alerting him of the risk of the Nazi’s building of an atomic bomb. In 1940, he became an American citizen and worked to help with international peace in the remaining years of his life. In 1921, he won a Nobel Prize for physics. On April 18, 1995, Albert Einstein died at the age of 76 in Princeton New Jersey. His discoveries and influences will carry on for generations to come.

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Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance Rebirths the Genre

By Lauren Melchiode

Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance, written by Eleanore E. Tate, shows the responsibilities and obstacles of what, 13year-old, Celeste Lassiter Massey must encounter throughout the novel. This historical fiction book published in 2007 by Little, Brown and Company writes about Celeste and her arrival in Harlem, New York.

This exciting novel shows the difference in lifestyles between her home in Raleigh, North Carolina and her Aunt Valentina’s life in New York. This novel, in the perspective on Celeste, shows her adapting to her new surroundings and people and how she must cope and deal with them. Throughout the story Celeste must always remember what her father said before she left for New York, “It’s just a test, girlio. All life’s a test and you got to pass it....” Celeste is faced with new challenges in Harlem such as new people, food, places, and the hot weather.

Celeste’s finally gets to see the world and live with her great, famous, and beautiful aunt, or so she thinks. When “Cece,” celeste’s nickname, arrives by train in Harlem to go live with her aunt because her father is sick at home, she can only imagine how great her Aunt Valentina will be, till she gets there. The minute she arrives Cece is forced to scrub floors till she gets water blisters on her hands. Cece realizes that her Aunt society was right, Aunt Valentina is not all fun and she will work Cece like a dog.

Finally Cece finds her way in Harlem and so does Aunt Valentina. While Cece lives with her Aunt she meets a couple of nice people that turn out to be her only friends, since she has not met any kids yet.

Everything was going great, Cece is playing her violin, Dede, at Cafe Noir Le Grande while Aunt Valentina was on the road performing her play across the states like she had always dreams. Until one day Cece gets a call from back home in Raleigh saying her nagging Aunt society had a stroke and she needs Cece to come home and take care of her. Aunt Society and Aunt Valentina did not get along well so Cece’s neighbor Mrs. D traveled with her back home. At this point in the book this is were Cece must put everything into her own hands. Cece must learn the role of adolescence. She nows that with her womanhood comes responsibilities and sacrificing for her family, but this might mean Cece can not go to school and be a doctor she had always wanted to be. Cece learns that most people her age had to stop going to school because they had to sacrifice for their family too.

This exciting novel is a thriller and had a couple of plot twist that will catch the reader by suprise. This book is a farely easy read and would usual be enjoyed by a young lady because of some detail mention. A young lady could really relate to most things that Celeste has to face during her time in Harlem. This book is fantastic and thrilling but most of all, it’s insperational.

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Harlem Stomps!

By Maici Williams The Harlem Renaissance was a beautiful, dramatic occurrence that can be considered on of the most prominent events in African American and American history. Laban Carrick Hill’s book ‘Harlem Stomp! is a book about the ‘Great Migration’ which is the happening that commenced the Harlem Renaissance, published in 2003, set in Harlem, New York.

Several important historical figures were born or their careers were launched out of the Renaissance. Figures such as Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, W. E. B. Du Bois, Jessie Fauset, Aaron Douglas, Josephine Baker, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Claude McKay. Harlem Stomp! covers many aspects of the Renaissance including the reason of the ‘Great Migration’ being that African Americans were treated very harshly and were discriminated against, being the reason that they are African American. There were many riots and mob attacks. The South was simply a no man’s land for any Negro. ‘The North is no paradise, but the South is at best a system of caste and insult, and at worst, a hell’. Other components of Harlem Stomp! include: Intellectualism, Art, Poetry, Literature and Politics.

There was much less dispute over racial criteria in Harlem as there was in the South.

Reading Harlem Stomp! would make any reader realize the real struggle of what it meant to be African American in the United States in the 20th c e n t u r y. M a n y images are present in Harlem Stomp!, which help

the reader to understand 20th century Harlem, which was alive as well as beautiful.

The beginning of the book talks about the horrors and the unfairness of being African American in the South, or anywhere else for that matter, during the 1920s: It is no disgrace to be a Negro, but it is very inconvenient.

H a r l e m Stomp! has a great pattern in which anyone could easily follow or understand; first came the cause of the migration of African Americans from the South to the North, the constant violence and the endless segregation, and the product of African Americans moving to Harlem, which would be the Art, Poetry, Literature, and Music. Then, comes the oppressive part: The Great Depression of 1929, when the stock markets crashes. The Great Depression was looked at as a white problem, for blacks had not invested in Stocks and Bonds. Newspapers and magazines began calling the Depression, ‘Black Tuesday’.

Exceptionally, black laborers and kitchen mechanics were impacted for two main reasons.

One, being that they had to pay very high rent.

The second being that those laborers and kitchen mechanics were being paid exceptionally low salaries and wages. There, the term Last Hired, First Fired! was coined, meaning black workers would lose their jobs long before white workers could join the unemployment line. Harlem Stomp! Harlem Stomp! is an eloquent source of information of the ‘Great Migration’, and a perfect representation of the Harlem Renaissance through pictures and words. This book is recommended to all readers and historians requesting to learn more about the ‘Great Migration and more importantly, the Harlem Renaissance.

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Illegal Breaks Out of the Norm

In a neighborhood run by all sorts of

and selfish. Also, Nora is frightened by the thought of ever being forced to sleep with a man involuntarily. They stay in an apartment w i t h dead rats and trash all over the floor.

Towards the end of the book, Nora and h e r mother get a phone c a l l telling t h e m that their father is dead. Nora gets mixed thoughts after the news, whether to be sad, or whether the people were lying about this. All Nora wants now, is to be a “we” again with her father.

The effect that this book has on the reader is it could make the reader anxious because of the constant thoughts of whether or not Nora’s father is dead.

gangs, Nora and her mother search desperately to try to find Nora’s father. They

Bettina Restrepo makes the character, Nora as a teenager in this book. She makes Nora run the family after her father left because of the negative thoughts of Nora’s mom becoming poor. This book is fiction, but the reader feels as if he is involved with the book and its characters. This book is amazing because the whole time the reader is wondering whether or not Nora and her mother, on their long journey, will ever find Nora’s father. This book influences the reader with immigration and teaches him or her about the idea of the issue. Illegal immigration has become a major issue in the United States during this book and also presently. The United States works hard to prevent or allow this problem by creating

By: Storey Charbonnet Illegal, a journey filled book, is written

by Bettina Restrepo in 2011. It is published

by HarperCollins Publishers.

The main character is a girl named Nora. All Nora wants is to have a Quinceañera on her 15 birthday, but all of that changes when her dad leaves to go to America to find work, but promises to be back for Nora’s 15th birthday.

“A promise is just a lie you don’t want to tell,” said Nora after her dad left. Nora and her mother, Aurora, leave Cedula, Mexico and her grandmother, to go to America as illegal immigrants to find Nora’s father after he stopped sending money to them.

Not bothering to think of the consequence of being found as an illegal immigrant, Nora arrives in Houston, Texas. Nora’s family face difficult times trying to find jobs, money, friends and a school for Nora to learn English.

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A Boy From Ireland

By Patrick Silvia In 1901, Liam Tanner and his family set out to America to seek a better life. In 2007, A Boy From Ireland was written by Maria Raphael. This novel was published in New York City by Persea Books, Inc. This novel is set in the early 1900’s in Connemara, Ireland. It is also set in New York City. The characters are Liam Tanner, Alice Ann Tanner, and Uncle Patrick. They live together in Connemara.

In this novel, Liam and Alice Ann live in Lord Clapham’s estate with their mother. At Lord Clapham’s estate, Liam feeds, cleans, and grooms all of Lord Clapham’s horses. After Liam’s mom dies, him and his sister move to Connemara with their Uncle Patrick.

Liam gets picked on in the beginning because his real dad was English. All Irish dislike the English because they have been trying to take over Ireland. When the Tanner family goes to New York, they go with the Gavin family. The Gavin Family consist of Mr. Gavin and Collin Gavin, who does not get along with Liam. Once Liam arrives to New York, He meets Ms. McCathery. She gets Alice Ann a job with a pharmacy and Liam gets a job with Mr. Hapwood, who is black man. Liam has to groom, wash, and feed Mr. Hapwood’s horses. Liam’s dad does not want Liam working for a black man. When the reader reads this novel, they will begin to understand how Collin and Mr. Hapwood felt because he takes care of everyone and everything.

This novel is a must read. It perfectly shows a child immigrant coming to a new country. Liam is a boy in a new place. His Uncle Patrick makes Liam obtain a job to make some money for the the family. This novel shows how different it must feel for an immigrant that is coming into a new place. He or she knows no one and has no money.

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First Crossing Galvanizes the Teen Audience Evan Hendricks F i r s t Crossing is a multistory novel edited

by Donald R. Gallo and published in 2004 by Library of C o n g r e s s Cataloging-inPublication Data.

First Crossing is a novel which belongs to the genre of young adult historical fiction and built on the topics of immigration and emigration, which is also the major historical theme.Each chapter tells a new story with a new character from a different country. These stories take place in the United States of America however, the time periods are not mentioned. Chapter one tells of a young man named Marco who lives in corrupt, crime full Mexico but soon moves to America in hope of living a far better life there than in Mexico. The fifth chapter, “Pulling up Stakes”, was a comical chapter that describes the life of Adrian, who moved to Alaska for Transylvania, Romania. Upon hearing that Adrian was from Transylvania, many of Adrian’s new classmates believed that Adrian was a vampire because many vampire movies such as, Dracula, took place in Transylvania. Adrian made many friends because the people in his grade thought it was cool that he was from Romania and that he might have been a vampire. The next

chapter, “Lines of Scrimmage”, tells about Ameen Abu-Shakra, who is a Palestinian living in Albuquerque, New Mexico where he plays quarterback for his school’s football team.

When playing such a important positio on the football, he overheard many racial slur from his opponents addressing him such as, “towel head” and “Ayrab”. Ameen met another minority named Jeremy Yazzie, who was from India. Jeremy showed Ameen how not to fear his opponents.

Jeremy later quoted: “Don’t focus on the danger, man. Just take the next step.” The authors of theses chapters are as follow, in order from chapter one to chapter ten: Pam Muños Ryan, Dian Curtis Regan, Jean Davies Okimoto, Lensey Namioka, David Lubar, Elsa Marston, Alden R. Carter, Marie G. Lee, Rita Williams-Garcia and Minfong Ho. This novel really tugs on the reader’s emotions. this novel contains many cheerful but, this novel also contains depressing chapters, such as chapter seven, “The Swede”. In this chapter, students in a school in Wisconsin bully a boy from Sweden because his dad works for a company that laid off many of the fathers of the students at the school. In many of the chapters in this novel, the authors depict a sympathetic tone to the foreign characters. However, in “The Swede”, the author depicts a harsh tone towards Per-Erik. This novel expresses the theme of immigration and emigration very well. This novel shows the hardship and confusion that many characters faced when they moved to the United States. Some characters adapted to American lifestyle quick and easily, while others had a difficult time adapting.

This is a wonderful novel for both middle school students and people fascinated about immigration and adaptation to a new environment and lifestyle.

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Funny in Farsi Opens Your Eyes

By James Hovet

Funny in Farsi is a book that draws you in with lovable characters and the author's witty sense of humor, but at the same time forces you to re-evaluate all the trifles in your life that seem so extremely un-extraordinary to you. The book is published by Random House Books in 2003 and is a memoir of Firoozeh Dumas, an Iranian immigrant to the united states. She discusses the isolation and rejection of being an immigrant, but with an emphasis not on the negative feelings, but on the overcoming of those feelings in a way that defines her. In many cases, being an immigrant is the least of her troubles as she faces the same everyday problems that all americans do. She discusses the beauty of her culture and the stark differences between her life of luxury in Iran and her middle class lifestyle in America. The book perfectly captures the immigrant spirit and the perception of America as the “land of opportunity,” as well as the realistic less than ideal circumstances that immigrants must

endure to reach said opportunity.

I n addition to Firoozeh, the book focuses on her family, especially examining her father, a pleasantly idealistic man extremely loved by all his extended family.

Firoozeh’s colorful cast of family members extends further to her mother, a woman who, despite urging, never really learned english and a particularly close uncle who adores american fast food. The book takes place over many years ranging from when Firoozeh was 7, first venturing into America, up to the 2003. The book’s events are strongly influenced by the Iranian revolution, an event that caused much grief for all Iranians, including those in America.

In conclusion, Funny in Farsi is a book that will open your eyes, a rare occurrence in this world. It is an extraordinary book that will make you fall in love with America over again while, at the same time, also opening your eyes to other walks of life.

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27 P o e m s

a n d

P o e t s

By: Lauren Melchiode

Langston Hughes was an american poet, social activist, novelist, etc who wrote in what is known as jazz poetry. Hughes is best known for his writing during the time of the renaissance. Hughes died on May 22, 1967

“

I am the poor white, fooled

and pushed apart, I am the Negro bearing slavery's scars. I am the red man driven from the land, I am the immigrant clutching the hope I seek — And finding only the same old stupid plan Of dog eat dog, of mighty crush the weak.

”

“

Let America be America

again.

Let it be the dream it used to be.

Let it be the pioneer on the plain Seeking a home where he

”

himself is free.

-Langston

Hughes

America be America Again

Let -Langston Hughes Let America be America Again

O f

T h e

2 0 t h

C e n t u r y

Poems and Poets are important to the idea of immigration during the 20th century because they can express opinion through their writing. Langston Hughes was a great writer and was especially favored during the renaissance. Langston Hughes was a poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist and wrote extremely well. Hughes was born on February first, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri.

Hughes is known as a leading voice in Harlem Renaissance. Hughes wrote about the urban blacks and was the first to use the jazz poetry and rhythm. Poetry is extremely important and also very interesting and will stick around for many years to come. Hughes did an fantastic job on his role in the arts and should be forever remembered for his talent. He sadly died on May 22nd in 1967. Hughes’ work is still read and taught and he is an inspiration to every writer especially to black writers.

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29

Irish-American Baseball Players

By Patrick Silvia

Baseball has always been considered one of A m e r i c a ’s g r e a t e s t pastimes. The large wave of Irish immigrants that descended upon the American North East in the late 19th and early 20th centuries changed baseball forever.

Baseball became very popular after the American Civil War. At the same time, many Irish men and women were coming to America because of famine and lack of work in Ireland. Their sons and grandsons became legendary baseball players and influenced the game forever.

30

Willie Keeler got a hit in his last game in 1896, setting a 45-game hitting streak that would last for 50 years. In those years, many players would follow in his footsteps. “Cocky” Collins holds the record for most stolen bases in history at 744 bases. Bruce Sutter retired with 300 saves and a 2.84 ERA. Roger Conner was considered to be the “Home Run King of 19th Century Baseball” before Babe Ruth began playing. Ed Walsh is remembered for his 40-win record season. These players and their accomplishments stand as lessons and goals for all baseball fans.

Left Page “Wee Willie” Keeler Right Page Top Bruce Sutter, Bottom Left Eddie Collins Bottom Right Roger Conner Middle Right Ed Walsh

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The Doors Are Opening As with all stories, there is one moment when, despite all obstacles, there is a shining light that shows the suffering will end, one shining denouement, and for the immigrants to New York, that light was a statue. The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable symbols of America, one that reminds us of the spark of our nation. Nearly all ships incoming to New York carrying immigrants in the golden age

32 The New Colossus A poem by Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beaconhand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command

The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.

"Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.

Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

of immigration passed by the statue on the way to new homes. So important was the statue that Frank Leslie published a drawing of the statue in her illustrated newspaper that later became known to symbolize the hope that the statue brought to immigrants.

The importance and beauty of the statue was best embodied in the poem by Emma Lazarus's poem “The New Colossus,” comparing the effigy to the statue of Greek Titan Helios in Rhodes, Greece. The poem proudly proclaims “...and her name, Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome...” Still today the statue stands, illuminating the path to new life “lift[ing] [its] lamp beside the golden door!”

33

34 Senator Lindsey Graham is the only sponsor of the immigration reform who is a Republican.

Cesar Lopez, a man from Sioux City, signed a petition in hope that Senator Chuck Grossley will support the immigration reform. Later, Lopez and his children participated in a rally for immigration.

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R u l e r s By: Lauren Melchiode

!

a n d

35

L e a d e r s

!

! !

TOP LEFT: Nicholas II, posing for a painting of himself to give an idea of what he looked like. TOP CENTER: President Barack Obama giving a speech TOP RIGHT: Annie Moore is posing for a portrait of herself BOTTOM LEFT: Fidel Castro, is posing for a picture of him in action BOTTOM RIGHT: Franklin Roosevelt is posing for a self portrait to give an idea of what he had looked like.

36

Effect On Immigration

37

Come visit the Immigration Museum of Art! Open Monday-Friday 11am- 5pm Storey Charbonnet

Come Join U.S. Lauren Melchiode

If you are looking for to become an American citizen, call the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 1-800-367-5309 “Protecting National Security and Upholding Public Safety�

Maici Williams

37 Annie Moore’s Horrible Death Influences Immigration Around The World

By Lauren Melchiode

Annie Moore died a horrible death of heart failure in 1924 in New York City. This Irish, young, red-head lady was the first of one-hundred and forty-eight passengers aboard the S.S Nevada to step on shore of the newly opened Ellis Island Immigration Center, which was just luck of the draw, after twelve days at sea. Annie was one of twelve million people to step onto Ellis Island, which was on the Harbor of New York. The islands private owner, Samuel Ellis, died earlier on. The ship was extremely crowded, the food was dissatisfying to Annie, people were getting seasick, and she had to keep a close eye on her younger brothers. Her brothers were Anthony Moore, who was eleven, and Philip Moore, who was seven.

Annie was scared, worried, nervous, and anxious, but she was sure not self-controlled with her tears running down her face waiting to board the ship. Annie had questions that could only be answered when she got to America that she was curious about, such as will there be a celebration for St. Patricks Day or will there be Irish Stew? The only thing Annie was excited about was that her whole family would be together once again. She had arrived on January first, which was also her fifteenth birthday, so that made this event even more special. Annie sailed from Cobh Harbor in Country Cork all the way to New York, America.

When Annie got off the S.S Nevada, she had people cheering and greeting her from left to right including a greeting from a official with a ten dollar coin she received.

She was confused by this offering because she had never seen this much money before in Ireland. Annie reunited with her parents and older brother, who were already in America waiting for Annie, Philip, and Anthony. The family spent the rest of their lives in America working at their jobs and going to school.

When Annie passed she had a husband, Joseph Schayer, who was a bakery clerk and eleven children. In honor of her death, Annie Moore had two bronze sculptures made of her and her brothers. She had the sculptures put in both Country Cork, place of birth, and the other in New York City, where Ellis Island was closed down in 1954. Now, Ellis Island, is currently a historical museum with information about the famous Island. Almost seventeen-thousand immigrants had arrived at Ellis Island to get checked on medical and legal records after the opening. Annie Moore was a sister, daughter, wife, friend, and neighbor and will be forever remembered for her for her passage through the first opening of Ellis Island.